33 USC 1271 (Clean Water Act)

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[Laws in effect as of January 20, 2004]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 20, 2004 and December 23, 2004]
[CITE: 33USC1251]

TITLE 33--NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS

CHAPTER 26--WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

SUBCHAPTER I--RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS

Sec. 1251. Congressional declaration of goals and policy

(a) Restoration and maintenance of chemical, physical and biological
integrity of Nation's waters; national goals for achievement of
objective

The objective of this chapter is to restore and maintain the
chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. In
order to achieve this objective it is hereby declared that, consistent
with the provisions of this chapter--
(1) it is the national goal that the discharge of pollutants
into the navigable waters be eliminated by 1985;
(2) it is the national goal that wherever attainable, an interim
goal of water quality which provides for the protection and
propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and provides for
recreation in and on the water be achieved by July 1, 1983;
(3) it is the national policy that the discharge of toxic
pollutants in toxic amounts be prohibited;
(4) it is the national policy that Federal financial assistance
be provided to construct publicly owned waste treatment works;
(5) it is the national policy that areawide waste treatment
management planning processes be developed and implemented to assure
adequate control of sources of pollutants in each State;
(6) it is the national policy that a major research and
demonstration effort be made to develop technology necessary to
eliminate the discharge of pollutants into the navigable waters,
waters of the contiguous zone, and the oceans; and
(7) it is the national policy that programs for the control of
nonpoint sources of pollution be developed and implemented in an
expeditious manner so as to enable the goals of this chapter to be
met through the control of both point and nonpoint sources of
pollution.

(b) Congressional recognition, preservation, and protection of primary
responsibilities and rights of States

It is the policy of the Congress to recognize, preserve, and protect
the primary responsibilities and rights of States to prevent, reduce,
and eliminate pollution, to plan the development and use (including
restoration, preservation, and enhancement) of land and water resources,
and to consult with the Administrator in the exercise of his authority
under this chapter. It is the policy of Congress that the States manage
the construction grant program under this chapter and implement the
permit programs under sections 1342 and 1344 of this title. It is
further the policy of the Congress to support and aid research relating
to the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution and to
provide Federal technical services and financial aid to State and
interstate agencies and municipalities in connection with the
prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution.

(c) Congressional policy toward Presidential activities with foreign
countries

It is further the policy of Congress that the President, acting
through the Secretary of State and such national and international
organizations as he determines appropriate, shall take such action as
may be necessary to insure that to the fullest extent possible all
foreign countries shall take meaningful action for the prevention,
reduction, and elimination of pollution in their waters and in
international waters and for the achievement of goals regarding the
elimination of discharge of pollutants and the improvement of water
quality to at least the same extent as the United States does under its
laws.

(d) Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency to administer
chapter

Except as otherwise expressly provided in this chapter, the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (hereinafter in
this chapter called ``Administrator'') shall administer this chapter.

(e) Public participation in development, revision, and enforcement of
any regulation, etc.

Public participation in the development, revision, and enforcement
of any regulation, standard, effluent limitation, plan, or program
established by the Administrator or any State under this chapter shall
be provided for, encouraged, and assisted by the Administrator and the
States. The Administrator, in cooperation with the States, shall develop
and publish regulations specifying minimum guidelines for public
participation in such processes.

(f) Procedures utilized for implementing chapter

It is the national policy that to the maximum extent possible the
procedures utilized for implementing this chapter shall encourage the
drastic minimization of paperwork and interagency decision procedures,
and the best use of available manpower and funds, so as to prevent
needless duplication and unnecessary delays at all levels of government.

(g) Authority of States over water

It is the policy of Congress that the authority of each State to
allocate quantities of water within its jurisdiction shall not be
superseded, abrogated or otherwise impaired by this chapter. It is the
further policy of Congress that nothing in this chapter shall be
construed to supersede or abrogate rights to quantities of water which
have been established by any State. Federal agencies shall co-operate
with State and local agencies to develop comprehensive solutions to
prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution in concert with programs for
managing water resources.

(June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title I, Sec. 101, as added Pub. L. 92-500,
Sec. 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816; amended Pub. L. 95-217, Secs. 5(a),
26(b), Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1567, 1575; Pub. L. 100-4, title III,
Sec. 316(b), Feb. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 60.)

Amendments

1987--Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 100-4 added par. (7).
1977--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-217, Sec. 26(b), inserted provisions
expressing Congressional policy that the States manage the construction
grant program under this chapter and implement the permit program under
sections 1342 and 1344 of this title.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95-217, Sec. 5(a), added subsec. (g).

Short Title of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107-303, Sec. 1(a), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2355, provided
that: ``This Act [enacting section 1271a of this title, amending
sections 1254, 1266, 1268, 1270, 1285, 1290, 1324, 1329, 1330, and 1375
of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section,
section 1254 of this title, and section 1113 of Title 31, Money and
Finance, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 50 of
Title 20, Education] may be cited as the `Great Lakes and Lake Champlain
Act of 2002'.''
Pub. L. 107-303, title I, Sec. 101, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2355,
provided that: ``This title [enacting section 1271a of this title and
amending section 1268 of this title] may be cited as the `Great Lakes
Legacy Act of 2002'.''
Pub. L. 107-303, title II, Sec. 201, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2358,
provided that: ``This title [amending section 1270 of this title] may be
cited as the `Daniel Patrick Moynihan Lake Champlain Basin Program Act
of 2002'.''

Short Title of 2000 Amendments

Pub. L. 106-457, title II, Sec. 201, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1967,
provided that: ``This title [amending section 1267 of this title and
enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1267 of this title]
may be cited as the `Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act of 2000'.''
Pub. L. 106-457, title IV, Sec. 401, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1973,
provided that: ``This title [amending section 1269 of this title] may be
cited as the `Long Island Sound Restoration Act'.''
Pub. L. 106-457, title V, Sec. 501, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1973,
provided that: ``This title [enacting section 1273 of this title] may be
cited as the `Lake Pontchartrain Basin Restoration Act of 2000'.''
Pub. L. 106-457, title VI, Sec. 601, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1975,
provided that: ``This title [enacting section 1300 of this title] may be
cited as the `Alternative Water Sources Act of 2000'.''
Pub. L. 106-284, Sec. 1, Oct. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 870, provided
that: ``This Act [enacting sections 1346 and 1375a of this title and
amending sections 1254, 1313, 1314, 1362, and 1377 of this title] may be
cited as the `Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act of
2000'.''

Short Title of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103-431, Sec. 1, Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4396, provided
that: ``This Act [amending section 1311 of this title] may be cited as
the `Ocean Pollution Reduction Act'.''

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101-596, Sec. 1, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3000, provided
that: ``This Act [enacting sections 1269 and 1270 of this title,
amending sections 1268, 1324, and 1416 of this title, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1270 of this
title] may be cited as the `Great Lakes Critical Programs Act of
1990'.''
Pub. L. 101-596, title II, Sec. 201, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3004,
provided that: ``This part [probably means title, enacting section 1269
of this title and amending section 1416 of this title] may be cited as
the `Long Island Sound Improvement Act of 1990'.''
Pub. L. 101-596, title III, Sec. 301, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3006,
provided that: ``This title [enacting section 1270 of this title,
amending section 1324 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as
a note under section 1270 of this title] may be cited as the `Lake
Champlain Special Designation Act of 1990'.''

Short Title of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100-653, title X, Sec. 1001, Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3835,
provided that: ``This title [amending section 1330 of this title and
enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1330 of this title]
may be cited as the `Massachusetts Bay Protection Act of 1988'.''

Short Title of 1987 Amendment

Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 100-4 provided that: ``This Act [enacting
sections 1254a, 1267, 1268, 1281b, 1329, 1330, 1377, 1381 to 1387, and
1414a of this title, amending this section and sections 1254, 1256,
1262, 1281, 1282 to 1285, 1287, 1288, 1291, 1311 to 1313, 1314, 1317 to
1322, 1324, 1342, 1344, 1345, 1361, 1362, 1365, 1369, 1375, and 1376 of
this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section,
sections 1284, 1311, 1317, 1319, 1330, 1342, 1345, 1362, 1375, and 1414a
of this title, and section 1962d-20 of Title 42, The Public Health and
Welfare] may be cited as the `Water Quality Act of 1987'.''

Short Title of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97-117, Sec. 1, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1623, provided that:
``This Act [enacting sections 1298, 1299, and 1313a of this title,
amending sections 1281 to 1285, 1287, 1291, 1292, 1296, 1311, and 1314
of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections
1311 and 1375 of this title] may be cited as the `Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Construction Grant Amendments of 1981'.''

Short Title of 1977 Amendment

Section 1 of Pub. L. 95-217 provided: ``That this Act [enacting
sections 1281a, 1294 to 1296, and 1297 of this title, amending this
section and sections 1252, 1254 to 1256, 1259, 1262, 1263, 1281, 1282 to
1288, 1291, 1292, 1311, 1314, 1315, 1317 to 1319, 1321 to 1324, 1328,
1341, 1342, 1344, 1345, 1362, 1364, 1375, and 1376 of this title,
enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections
1284, 1286, 1314, 1321, 1342, 1344, and 1376 of this title, and amending
provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the
`Clean Water Act of 1977'.''

Short Title

Section 1 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that: ``That this Act [enacting
this chapter, amending section 24 of Title 12, Banks and Banking,
sections 633 and 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 711 of
former Title 31, Money and Finance, and enacting provisions set out as
notes under this section and sections 1281 and 1361 of this title] may
be cited as the `Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972'.''
Section 519, formerly section 518, of Act June 30, 1948, ch. 758,
title V, as added Oct. 18, 1972, Pub. L. 92-500, Sec. 2, 86 Stat. 896,
and amended Dec. 27, 1977, Pub. L. 95-217, Sec. 2, 91 Stat. 1566, and
renumbered Sec. 519, Feb. 4, 1987, Pub. L. 100-4, title V, Sec. 506, 101
Stat. 76, provided that: ``This Act [this chapter] may be cited as the
`Federal Water Pollution Control Act' (commonly referred to as the Clean
Water Act).''

Savings Provision

Section 4 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that:
``(a) No suit, action, or other proceeding lawfully commenced by or
against the Administrator or any other officer or employee of the United
States in his official capacity or in relation to the discharge of his
official duties under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in
effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18,
1972] shall abate by reason of the taking effect of the amendment made
by section 2 of this Act [which enacted this chapter]. The court may, on
its own motion or that of any party made at any time within twelve
months after such taking effect, allow the same to be maintained by or
against the Administrator or such officer or employee.
``(b) All rules, regulations, orders, determinations, contracts,
certifications, authorizations, delegations, or other actions duly
issued, made, or taken by or pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of
this Act [Oct. 18, 1972], and pertaining to any functions, powers,
requirements, and duties under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act
[Oct. 18, 1972] shall continue in full force and effect after the date
of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] until modified or rescinded in
accordance with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended by
this Act [this chapter].
``(c) The Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect
immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972]
shall remain applicable to all grants made from funds authorized for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, and prior fiscal years, including any
increases in the monetary amount of any such grant which may be paid
from authorizations for fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1972,
except as specifically otherwise provided in section 202 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act as amended by this Act [section 1282 of this
title] and in subsection (c) of section 3 of this Act.''

Separability

Section 512 of act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title V, as added Oct.
18, 1972, Pub. L. 92-500, Sec. 2, 86 Stat. 894, provided that: ``If any
provision of this Act [this chapter], or the application of any
provision of this Act [this chapter] to any person or circumstance, is
held invalid, the application of such provision to other persons or
circumstances, and the remainder of this Act [this chapter], shall not
be affected thereby.''

National Shellfish Indicator Program

Pub. L. 102-567, title III, Sec. 308, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4286;
as amended by Pub. L. 105-362, title II, Sec. 201(b), Nov. 10, 1998, 112
Stat. 3282, provided that:
``(a) Establishment of a Research Program.--The Secretary of
Commerce, in cooperation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services
and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall
establish and administer a 5-year national shellfish research program
(hereafter in this section referred to as the `Program') for the purpose
of improving existing classification systems for shellfish growing
waters using the latest technological advancements in microbiology and
epidemiological methods. Within 12 months after the date of enactment of
this Act [Oct. 29, 1992], the Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with
the advisory committee established under subsection (b) and the
Consortium, shall develop a comprehensive 5-year plan for the Program
which shall at a minimum provide for--
``(1) an environmental assessment of commercial shellfish
growing areas in the United States, including an evaluation of the
relationships between indicators of fecal contamination and human
enteric pathogens;
``(2) the evaluation of such relationships with respect to
potential health hazards associated with human consumption of
shellfish;
``(3) a comparison of the current microbiological methods used
for evaluating indicator bacteria and human enteric pathogens in
shellfish and shellfish growing waters with new technological
methods designed for this purpose;
``(4) the evaluation of current and projected systems for human
sewage treatment in eliminating viruses and other human enteric
pathogens which accumulate in shellfish;
``(5) the design of epidemiological studies to relate
microbiological data, sanitary survey data, and human shellfish
consumption data to actual hazards to health associated with such
consumption; and
``(6) recommendations for revising Federal shellfish standards
and improving the capabilities of Federal and State agencies to
effectively manage shellfish and ensure the safety of shellfish
intended for human consumption.
``(b) Advisory Committee.--(1) For the purpose of providing
oversight of the Program on a continuing basis, an advisory committee
(hereafter in this section referred to as the `Committee') shall be
established under a memorandum of understanding between the Interstate
Shellfish Sanitation Conference and the National Marine Fisheries
Service.
``(2) The Committee shall--
``(A) identify priorities for achieving the purpose of the
Program;
``(B) review and recommend approval or disapproval of Program
work plans and plans of operation;
``(C) review and comment on all subcontracts and grants to be
awarded under the Program;
``(D) receive and review progress reports from the Consortium
and program subcontractors and grantees; and
``(E) provide such other advice on the Program as is
appropriate.
``(3) The Committee shall consist of at least ten members and shall
include--
``(A) three members representing agencies having authority under
State law to regulate the shellfish industry, of whom one shall
represent each of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico
shellfish growing regions;
``(B) three members representing persons engaged in the
shellfish industry in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico
shellfish growing regions (who shall be appointed from among at
least six recommendations by the industry members of the Interstate
Shellfish Sanitation Conference Executive Board), of whom one shall
represent the shellfish industry in each region;
``(C) three members, of whom one shall represent each of the
following Federal agencies: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Food
and Drug Administration; and
``(D) one member representing the Shellfish Institute of North
America.
``(4) The Chairman of the Committee shall be selected from among the
Committee members described in paragraph (3)(A).
``(5) The Committee shall establish and maintain a subcommittee of
scientific experts to provide advice, assistance, and information
relevant to research funded under the Program, except that no individual
who is awarded, or whose application is being considered for, a grant or
subcontract under the Program may serve on such subcommittee. The
membership of the subcommittee shall, to the extent practicable, be
regionally balanced with experts who have scientific knowledge
concerning each of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico shellfish
growing regions. Scientists from the National Academy of Sciences and
appropriate Federal agencies (including the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Food and Drug Administration, Centers for
Disease Control, National Institutes of Health, Environmental Protection
Agency, and National Science Foundation) shall be considered for
membership on the subcommittee.
``(6) Members of the Committee and its scientific subcommittee
established under this subsection shall not be paid for serving on the
Committee or subcommittee, but shall receive travel expenses as
authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States Code.
``(c) Contract With Consortium.--Within 30 days after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 29, 1992], the Secretary of Commerce shall
seek to enter into a cooperative agreement or contract with the
Consortium under which the Consortium will--
``(1) be the academic administrative organization and fiscal
agent for the Program;
``(2) award and administer such grants and subcontracts as are
approved by the Committee under subsection (b);
``(3) develop and implement a scientific peer review process for
evaluating grant and subcontractor applications prior to review by
the Committee;
``(4) in cooperation with the Secretary of Commerce and the
Committee, procure the services of a scientific project director;
``(5) develop and submit budgets, progress reports, work plans,
and plans of operation for the Program to the Secretary of Commerce
and the Committee; and
``(6) make available to the Committee such staff, information,
and assistance as the Committee may reasonably require to carry out
its activities.
``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--(1) Of the sums authorized
under section 4(a) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Marine Fisheries Program Authorization Act (Public Law
98-210; 97 Stat. 1409), there are authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary of Commerce $5,200,000 for each of the fiscal years 1993
through 1997 for carrying out the Program. Of the amounts appropriated
pursuant to this authorization, not more than 5 percent of such
appropriation may be used for administrative purposes by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The remaining 95 percent of such
appropriation shall be used to meet the administrative and scientific
objectives of the Program.
``(2) The Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference shall not
administer appropriations authorized under this section, but may be
reimbursed from such appropriations for its expenses in arranging for
travel, meetings, workshops, or conferences necessary to carry out the
Program.
``(e) Definitions.--As used in this section, the term--
``(1) `Consortium' means the Louisiana Universities Marine
Consortium; and
``(2) `shellfish' means any species of oyster, clam, or mussel
that is harvested for human consumption.''

Limitation on Payments

Section 2 of Pub. L. 100-4 provided that: ``No payments may be made
under this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above] except to
the extent provided in advance in appropriation Acts.''

Seafood Processing Study; Submittal of Results to Congress not Later
Than January 1, 1979

Pub. L. 95-217, Sec. 74, Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1609, provided that
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency conduct a study
to examine the geographical, hydrological, and biological
characteristics of marine waters to determine the effects of seafood
processes which dispose of untreated natural wastes into such waters and
to include in this study an examination of technologies which may be
used in such processes to facilitate the use of the nutrients in these
wastes or to reduce the discharge of such wastes into the marine
environment and to submit the result of this study to Congress not later
than Jan. 1, 1979.

Standards

For provisions relating to the responsibility of the head of each
Executive agency for compliance with applicable pollution control
standards, see Ex. Ord. No. 12088, Oct. 13, 1978, 43 F.R. 47707, set out
as a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Oversight Study

Section 5 of Pub. L. 92-500 authorized the Comptroller General of
the United States to conduct a study and review of the research, pilot,
and demonstration programs related to prevention and control of water
pollution conducted, supported, or assisted by any Federal agency
pursuant to any Federal law or regulation and assess conflicts between
these programs and their coordination and efficacy, and to report to
Congress thereon by Oct. 1, 1973.

International Trade Study

Section 6 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that:
``(a) The Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with other
interested Federal agencies and with representatives of industry and the
public, shall undertake immediately an investigation and study to
determine--
``(1) the extent to which pollution abatement and control
programs will be imposed on, or voluntarily undertaken by, United
States manufacturers in the near future and the probable short- and
long-range effects of the costs of such programs (computed to the
greatest extent practicable on an industry-by-industry basis) on (A)
the production costs of such domestic manufacturers, and (B) the
market prices of the goods produced by them;
``(2) the probable extent to which pollution abatement and
control programs will be implemented in foreign industrial nations
in the near future and the extent to which the production costs
(computed to the greatest extent practicable on an industry-by-
industry basis) of foreign manufacturers will be affected by the
costs of such programs;
``(3) the probable competitive advantage which any article
manufactured in a foreign nation will likely have in relation to a
comparable article made in the United States if that foreign
nation--
``(A) does not require its manufacturers to implement
pollution abatement and control programs.
``(B) requires a lesser degree of pollution abatement and
control in its programs, or
``(C) in any way reimburses or otherwise subsidizes its
manufacturers for the costs of such program;
``(4) alternative means by which any competitive advantage
accruing to the products of any foreign nation as a result of any
factor described in paragraph (3) may be (A) accurately and quickly
determined, and (B) equalized, for example, by the imposition of a
surcharge or duty, on a foreign product in an amount necessary to
compensate for such advantage; and
``(5) the impact, if any, which the imposition of a compensating
tariff of other equalizing measure may have in encouraging foreign
nations to implement pollution and abatement control programs.
``(b) The Secretary shall make an initial report to the President
and Congress within six months after the date of enactment of this
section [Oct. 18, 1972] of the results of the study and investigation
carried out pursuant to this section and shall make additional reports
thereafter at such times as he deems appropriate taking into account the
development of relevant data, but not less than once every twelve
months.''

International Agreements

Section 7 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that: ``The President shall
undertake to enter into international agreement to apply uniform
standards of performance for the control of the discharge and emission
of pollutants from new sources, uniform controls over the discharge and
emission of toxic pollutants, and uniform controls over the discharge of
pollutants into the ocean. For this purpose the President shall
negotiate multilateral treaties, conventions, resolutions, or other
agreements, and formulate, present, or support proposals at the United
Nations and other appropriate international forums.''

National Policies and Goal Study

Section 10 of Pub. L. 92-500 directed President to make a full and
complete investigation and study of all national policies and goals
established by law to determine what the relationship should be between
these policies and goals, taking into account the resources of the
Nation, and to report results of his investigation and study together
with his recommendations to Congress not later than two years after Oct.
18, 1972.

Efficiency Study

Section 11 of Pub. L. 92-500 directed President, by utilization of
the General Accounting Office, to conduct a full and complete
investigation and study of ways and means of most effectively using all
of the various resources, facilities, and personnel of the Federal
Government in order to most efficiently carry out the provisions of this
chapter and to report results of his investigation and study together
with his recommendations to Congress not later than two hundred and
seventy days after Oct. 18, 1972.

Sex Discrimination

Section 13 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that: ``No person in the
United States shall on the ground of sex be excluded from participation
in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under
any program or activity receiving Federal assistance under this Act [see
Short Title note above] the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [this
chapter], or the Environmental Financing Act [set out as a note under
section 1281 of this title]. This section shall be enforced through
agency provisions and rules similar to those already established, with
respect to racial and other discrimination, under title VI of the Civil
Rights Act of 1964 [section 2000d et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health
and Welfare]. However, this remedy is not exclusive and will not
prejudice or cut off any other legal remedies available to a
discriminatee.''

Contiguous Zone of United States

For extension of contiguous zone of United States, see Proc. No.
7219, set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands.

Prevention, Control, and Abatement of Environmental Pollution at Federal
Facilities

Ex. Ord. No. 12088, Oct. 13, 1978, 43 F.R. 47707, set out as a note
under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, provides
for the prevention, control, and abatement of environmental pollution at
federal facilities.

Executive Order No. 11548

Ex. Ord. No. 11548, July 20, 1970, 35 F.R. 11677, which related to
the delegation of Presidential functions, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No.
11735, Aug. 3, 1973, 38 F.R. 21243, formerly set out as a note under
section 1321 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 11742. Delegation of Functions to Secretary of State
Respecting the Negotiation of International Agreements Relating to the
Enhancement of the Environment

Ex. Ord. No. 11742, Oct. 23, 1973, 38 F.R. 29457, provided:
Under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of
title 3 of the United States Code and as President of the United States,
I hereby authorize and empower the Secretary of State, in coordination
with the Council on Environmental Quality, the Environmental Protection
Agency, and other appropriate Federal agencies, to perform, without the
approval, ratification, or other action of the President, the functions
vested in the President by Section 7 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500; 86 Stat. 898) with
respect to international agreements relating to the enhancement of the
environment.
Richard Nixon.

Definition of ``Administrator''

Section 1(d) of Pub. L. 100-4 provided that: ``For purposes of this
Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above], the term
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency.''