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Information Quality Guidelines | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
Information Quality
Guidelines
Table of Contents
I. Purpose
II. Scope
III. Authority and References
IV. NOAA Information Quality Act Policy
V. Responsibilities
VI. Management and Ownership
VII. Intended Audience
VIII. Implementation Date
IX. Grandfather Exemption and Waiver Option
X. Performance Objectives and Measurements
XI. Definitions
XII. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
XIII. Approval
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XIV. Appendices
I. Purpose
This document implements Section 515, the OMB Peer Review Bulletin, OMB M19-15 and fulfills the OMB and DOC information quality guidelines. It may be
revised periodically, based on experience, evolving requirements of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and concerns expressed by the
public. Covered information disseminated by NOAA will comply with all
applicable OMB, DOC, and (these) NOAA Information Quality Guidelines.
In implementing these guidelines, NOAA acknowledges that ensuring the quality
of information is an important management objective that takes its place
alongside other NOAA objectives, such as ensuring the success of NOAA
missions, observing budget and resource priorities and restraints, and providing
useful information to the public. NOAA intends to implement these guidelines in a
way that will achieve all these objectives in a harmonious way.
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II. Scope
These guidelines cover information disseminated by NOAA on or after October 1,
2002 regardless of when the information was first disseminated. Predissemination review procedures shall apply only to information first disseminated
on or after October 1, 2002.
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III. Authority and References.
Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal
Year 2001 (Public Law 106‑554), hereinafter "Section 515," directs the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) to issue government‑wide guidelines (OMB
Section 515 Guidelines) that "provide policy and procedural guidance to federal
agencies for ensuring and maximizing the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity
of information (including statistical information) disseminated by federal agencies."
OMB complied by issuing guidelines which direct each federal agency to (A) issue
its own guidelines ensuring and maximizing the quality, objectivity, utility, and
integrity of information disseminated by the agency; (B) establish administrative
mechanisms allowing affected persons to seek and obtain correction of
information that does not comply with the OMB 515 Guidelines (Federal Register:
February 22, 2002, Volume 67, Number 36, pp. 8452‑8460, herein "OMB
Guidelines") or the agency guidelines; and (C) report periodically to the Director of
OMB on the number and nature of complaints received by the agency regarding
the accuracy of information disseminated by the agency and how such complaints
were handled by the agency.
Subsequent to this, OMB has issued further guidance. In 2004 OMB issued
guidelines on the peer review of Influential Scientific Information (ISI) as the Peer
Review Bulletin (OMB Peer Review Bulletin). This guidance establishes minimum
peer review standards, a transparent process for public disclosure, and
opportunity for public input. Additionally in 2019, OMB issued a memo on
“Improving Implementation of the Information Quality Act” (OMB M-19-15)
In compliance with OMB directives, the Department of Commerce (DOC) has
issued Guidelines for Ensuring and Maximizing the Quality, Objectivity, Utility, and
Integrity of Disseminated Information (available from http://www.doc.gov).
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IV. NOAA Information Quality Act Policy
NOAA's mission is to understand and predict changes in Earth's environment and
conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet our Nation's
economic, social, and environmental needs. To accomplish this mission, NOAA:
creates and disseminates reliable assessments and predictions of weather,
climate, the space environment, and ocean and living marine resources;
produces and assures access to nautical and geodetic products and services;
implements integrated approaches to environmental management and ocean
and coastal resources development, protection and restoration for economic
and social health, protects essential fish habitat, maintains sustainable
fisheries, and works toward recovery of endangered and threatened species
of fish and marine mammals;
works to ensure access to sustained, reliable observations from satellites to
ships to radars to data buoys;
develops public private and international partnerships for the expansion and
transfer of environmental knowledge and technologies; and
invests in scientific research and the development of new technologies to
improve current operations and prepare for the future.
PART I: DEFINITIONS
The definitions in this section apply throughout these Guidelines.
Quality is an encompassing term comprising utility, objectivity, and integrity.
Therefore, the guidelines sometimes refer to these four statutory terms,
collectively, as "quality."
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Utility refers to the usefulness of the information to its intended users, including
the public. In assessing the usefulness of information that the agency
disseminates to the public, NOAA considers the uses of the information not only
from its own perspective but also from the perspective of the public. As a result,
when transparency of information is relevant for assessing the information's
usefulness from the public's perspective, NOAA takes care to ensure that
transparency has been addressed in its review of the information.
Objectivity consists of two distinct elements: presentation and substance. The
presentation element includes whether disseminated information is presented in
an accurate, clear, complete, and unbiased manner and in a proper context. The
substance element involves a focus on ensuring accurate, reliable, and unbiased
information. In a scientific, financial, or statistical context, the original and
supporting data shall be generated, and the analytic results shall be developed,
using sound statistical and research methods.
Integrity refers to security ‑ the protection of information from unauthorized access
or revision, to ensure that the information is not compromised through corruption
or falsification.
Information means any communication or representation of knowledge such as
facts or data, in any medium or form, including textual, numerical, graphic,
cartographic, narrative, or audiovisual forms. This definition includes information
that an agency disseminates from a web page, but does not include the provision
of hyperlinks to information that others disseminate. This definition does not
include opinions, where the agency's presentation makes it clear that what is
being offered is someone's opinion rather than fact or the agency's views.
Government information means information created, collected, processed,
disseminated, or disposed of by or for the Federal Government.
Information dissemination product means any books, paper, map,
machine‑readable material, audiovisual production, or other documentary material,
regardless of physical form or characteristic, an agency disseminates to the public.
This definition includes any electronic document, or web page.
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Dissemination means agency initiated or sponsored distribution of information to
the public. Dissemination does not include distribution limited to: government
employees or agency contractors or grantees; intra‑ or inter-agency use or sharing
of government information; or responses to requests for agency records under the
Freedom of Information Act, the Privacy Act, the Federal Advisory Committee Act
or other similar law. This definition also does not include distribution limited to:
correspondence with individuals or persons, press releases, archival records,
public filings, subpoenas or adjudicative processes.
Agency initiated distribution of information to the public refers to information that
the Agency distributes or releases which reflects, represents, or forms any part of
the support of the policies of the Agency. In addition, if the Agency, as an
institution, distributes or releases information prepared by an outside party in a
manner that reasonably suggests that the Agency agrees with the information,
this would be considered Agency initiated distribution and hence Agency
dissemination because of the appearance of having the information represent
Agency views. By contrast, the Agency does not "initiate'' the dissemination of
information when an Agency scientist or grantee or contractor publishes and
communicates his or her research findings in the same manner as his or her
academic colleagues, even if the Agency retains ownership or other intellectual
property rights because the Federal government paid for the research.
Agency sponsored distribution of information to the public refers to situations
where the Agency has directed a third party to distribute or release information, or
where the Agency has the authority to review and approve the information before
release. By contrast, if the Agency simply provides funding to support research,
and if the researcher (not the Agency) decides whether to distribute the results
and - if the results are to be released - determines the content and presentation of
the distribution, then the Agency has not "sponsored'' the dissemination even
though it has funded the research and even if the Agency retains ownership or
other intellectual property rights because the Federal government paid for the
research. Note that subsequent Agency dissemination of such information would
require that the information adhere to the Agency's information quality guidelines
even if it was initially covered by a disclaimer.
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Influential information means information the agency reasonably can determine
will have or does have a clear and substantial impact on important public policies
or private sector decisions. This definition is further described in OMB M-19-15:
“In the context of a policy decision, a specific piece or body of information is
"influential" when it is a principal basis for a decision by a federal decision maker,
that is, if the same decision would be difficult to reach in that information's
absence or if the decision would lose its fundamental scientific, financial, or
statistical underpinnings absent the information. Even if a decision is very
important, a particular piece of information supporting it may or may not be
"influential," depending on whether the decision could be reached in the
information's absence. Each agency is authorized to define whether information is
"influential" given the nature of issues for which the agency is responsible.”
The OMB memo notes that “Agencies should identify specific types of information
the agency produces that are ‘influential’ and should provide a rigorous process for
determining whether types of information not specifically listed by the guidelines
qualify as ‘influential.’" Part IV to this guidance provides further information on
identifying Influential Scientific Information. However each NOAA Line Office
should review the datasets and information products that are routinely produced
or updated and identify which of those products qualify as ISI or HISA.
Scientific information means factual inputs, data, models, analyses, technical
information, or scientific assessments based on the behavioral and social sciences,
public health and medical sciences, life and earth sciences, engineering, or
physical sciences. This includes any communication or representation of
knowledge such as facts or data, in any medium or form, including textual,
numerical, graphic, cartographic, narrative or audiovisual forms that involves a
field identified in the preceding sentence. This definition includes scientific
information that an agency disseminates from a web page, but does not include
the provision of hyperlinks to scientific information that others disseminate. This
definition does not include opinions, where the agency's presentation makes clear
that what is being offered is someone's opinion rather than fact or the agency's
views.
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Influential scientific information (ISI) means scientific information the agency
reasonably can determine will have or does have a clear and substantial impact on
important public policies or private sector decisions. As with Influential
Information above, when scientific information is a principal basis for an important
decision by a federal decision maker, that is, if the same decision would be difficult
to reach in the absence of that scientific information or if the decision would lose
its fundamental scientific, financial, or statistical underpinnings absent the
information, then that scientific information is Influential. Please see part IV for
additional guidance and ISI examples.
Scientific assessment means an evaluation of a body of scientific or technical
knowledge, which typically synthesizes multiple factual inputs, data, models,
assumptions, and/or applies best professional judgment to bridge uncertainties in
the available information. These assessments include, but are not limited to,
state‑of‑science reports; technology assessments; weight‑of‑evidence analyses;
meta‑analyses; health, safety, or ecological risk assessments; toxicological
characterizations of substances; integrated assessment models; hazard
determinations; or exposure assessments.
The term Highly Influential Scientific Assessment (HISA) refers to a subset of
Influential Scientific Information and means an influential scientific assessment
that the agency or the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory
Affairs in the Office of Management and Budget determines to be a scientific
assessment that: (i) could have a potential impact of more than $500 million in any
year, or (ii) is novel, controversial, or precedent‑setting or has significant
interagency interest.
Reproducibility means that the information is capable of being substantially
reproduced, subject to an acceptable degree of imprecision. For information judged
to have more (less) important impacts, the degree of imprecision that is tolerated
is reduced (increased). With respect to analytic results, "capable of being
substantially reproduced'' means that independent analysis of the original or
supporting data using identical methods would generate similar analytic results,
subject to an acceptable degree of imprecision or error.
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Transparency is not directly defined in the OMB Guidelines, but the
Supplementary Information to the OMB Guidelines indicates that "transparency" is
at the heart of the reproducibility standard. The Guidelines state that "The
purpose of the reproducibility standard is to cultivate a consistent agency
commitment to transparency about how analytic results are generated: the specific
data used, the various assumptions employed, the specific analytic methods
applied, and the statistical procedures employed. If sufficient transparency is
achieved on each of these matters, then an analytic result should meet the
reproducibility standard." In other words, transparency - and ultimately
reproducibility - is a matter of showing how you got the results you got.
Information Disseminated by NOAA and Covered by these
Guidelines
NOAA disseminates a wide variety of information that is subject to the OMB
Guidelines. This dissemination could occur through a variety of mechanisms,
including analyses and assessments supporting a rulemaking. To facilitate the
development of information quality standards and procedures, NOAA's
disseminated information is grouped into the following categories: 1) Original
Data; 2) Synthesized Products; 3) Interpreted Products; 4) Hydrometeorological,
Hazardous Chemical Spill, and Space Weather Warnings, Forecasts, and
Advisories; 5) Natural Resource Plans; 6) Experimental Products; and 7) Corporate
and General Information.
Original Data are data in their most basic useful form. These are data from
individual times and locations that have not been summarized or processed to
higher levels of analysis. While these data are often derived from other direct
measurements (e.g., spectral signatures from a chemical analyzer, electronic
signals from current meters), they represent properties of the environment. These
data can be disseminated in both real time and retrospectively. Examples of
original data include buoy data, survey data (e.g., living marine resource and
hydrographic surveys), biological and chemical properties, weather observations,
and satellite data.
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Synthesized Products are those that have been developed through analysis of
original data. This includes analysis through statistical methods; model
interpolations, extrapolations, and simulations; and combinations of multiple sets
of original data. While some scientific evaluation and judgment is needed, the
methods of analysis are well documented and relatively routine. Examples of
synthesized products include summaries of fisheries landings statistics, weather
statistics, model outputs, data display through Geographical Information System
techniques, and satellite-derived maps.
Interpreted Products are those that have been developed through interpretation of
original data and synthesized products. In many cases, this information
incorporates additional contextual and/or normative data, standards, or
information that puts original data and synthesized products into larger spatial,
temporal, or issue contexts. This information is subject to scientific interpretation,
evaluation, and judgment. Examples of interpreted products include journal
articles, scientific papers, technical reports, and production of and contributions to
integrated assessments.
Hydrometeorological, Hazardous Chemical Spill, and Space Weather Warnings,
Forecasts, and Advisories are time-critical interpretations of original data and
synthesized products, prepared under tight time constraints and covering
relatively short, discrete time periods. As such, these warnings, forecasts, and
advisories represent the best possible information in given circumstances. They
are subject to scientific interpretation, evaluation, and judgment. Some products in
this category, such as weather forecasts, are routinely prepared. Other products,
such as tornado warnings, hazardous chemical spill trajectories, and solar flare
alerts, are of an urgent nature and are prepared for unique circumstances. Section
IX of the OMB Peer Review Bulletin excludes health or safety information
products, where the agency determines that the dissemination is time sensitive.
Most of the information products released under this category will fall under this
exemption.
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Natural Resource Plans are information products that are prescribed by law and
have content, structure, and public review processes (where applicable) that are
based upon published standards (e.g., statutory or regulatory guidelines). These
plans are a composite of several types of information (e.g., scientific, management,
stakeholder input, policy) from a variety of internal and external sources. Examples
of Natural Resource Plans include fishery, protected resource, and sanctuary
management plans and regulations, and natural resource restoration plans.
Experimental products are products that are experimental (in the sense that their
quality has not yet been fully determined) in nature, or are products that are based
in part on experimental capabilities or algorithms. Experimental products fall into
two classes. They are either 1) disseminated for experimental use, evaluation or
feedback, or 2) used in cases where, in the view of qualified scientists who are
operating in an urgent situation in which the timely flow of vital information is
crucial to human health, safety, or the environment, the danger to human health,
safety, or the environment will be lessened if every tool available is used.
Examples of experimental products include imagery or data from non-NOAA
sources, algorithms currently being tested and evaluated, experimental climate
forecasts, and satellite imagery processed with developmental algorithms for
urgent needs (e.g., wildfire detection).
Corporate or general information includes all non-scientific, non-financial, nonstatistical information. Examples include program and organizational descriptions,
brochures, pamphlets, education and outreach materials, newsletters, and other
general descriptions of NOAA operations and capabilities.
Although the information products described above are covered by the IQ
Guidelines, this coverage does NOT imply that peer review plans as required in the
OMB Peer Review Bulletin are required for all such information. Only information
that has been determined to meet the threshold for ISI or HISA must be
documented per the Peer Review Agenda. For all other information covered by
these guidelines, programs should apply their established quality assurance
procedures - or establish appropriate procedures if none currently exist.
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Information products disseminated before this revised guidance was adopted
(September 2019), that did not meet the ISI threshold, are not considered ISI or
HISA under this new guidance.
Information Not Covered by these Guidelines
Time sensitive health or safety information products as described by section
IX of the OMB Peer Review Bulletin.
Information with distribution intended to be limited to government employees
or agency contractors or grantees.
Information with distribution intended to be limited to intra- or inter-agency
use or sharing of government information.
Responses to requests for agency records under the Freedom of Information
Act, the Privacy Act, the Federal Advisory Committee Act or other similar law.
Information relating solely to correspondence with individuals or persons.
Press releases, fact sheets, press conferences or similar communications in
any medium that announce, support the announcement or give public notice
of information NOAA has disseminated elsewhere.
Archival records, including library holdings.
Archival information disseminated by NOAA before October 1, 2002, and still
maintained by NOAA as archival material.
Public filings.
Responses to subpoenas or compulsory document productions.
Information limited to adjudicative processes, such as pleadings, including
information developed during the conduct of any criminal or civil action or
administrative enforcement action, investigation or audit against specific
parties, or information distributed in documents limited to administrative
action determining the rights and liabilities of specific parties under applicable
statutes and regulations.
Solicitations (e.g., program announcements, requests for proposals).
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Hyperlinks to information that others disseminate, as well as paper-based
information from other sources referenced, but not approved or endorsed by
NOAA.
Policy manuals and management information produced for the internal
management and operations of NOAA, and not primarily intended for public
dissemination.
Information presented to Congress as part of legislative or oversight
processes, such as testimony of NOAA officials, and information or drafting
assistance provided to Congress in connection with proposed or pending
legislation, that is not simultaneously disseminated to the public. (However,
information which would otherwise be covered by applicable guidelines is not
exempted from compliance merely because also presented to Congress.)
Documents not authored by NOAA and not intended to represent NOAA's
views, including information authored and distributed by NOAA grantees, as
long as the documents are not disseminated by NOAA (see definition of
"dissemination").
Research data, findings, reports and other materials published or otherwise
distributed by employees or by NOAA contractors or grantees that are
identified as not representing NOAA views.
Opinions where the presentation makes it clear that what is being offered is
not the official view of NOAA.
PART II: INFORMATION QUALITY STANDARDS AND PREDISSEMINATION REVIEW
Information quality is composed of three elements: utility, integrity and objectivity.
Quality will be ensured and established at levels appropriate to the nature and
timeliness of the information to be disseminated. NOAA will conduct a predissemination review of information it disseminates to verify quality. Information
quality is an integral part of the pre-dissemination review; it is also integral to
information collections conducted by NOAA, and is incorporated into the clearance
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process required by the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) to help improve the
quality of information that NOAA collects and disseminates to the public. NOAA
offices already are required to demonstrate in their PRA submissions to OMB the
"practical utility" of a proposed collection of information that they plan to
disseminate. Additionally, for all proposed collections of information that will be
disseminated to the public, NOAA offices should demonstrate in their PRA
clearance submissions to OMB that the proposed collection of information will
result in information that will be collected, maintained, and used in a way
consistent with applicable information quality guidelines.
As OMB has recognized (OMB Guidelines), "information quality comes at a cost."
In this context, OMB directed that "agencies should weigh the costs (for example,
including costs attributable to agency processing effort, respondent burden,
maintenance of needed privacy, and assurances of suitable confidentiality) and the
benefits of higher information quality in the development of information, and the
level of quality to which the information disseminated will be held." Therefore, in
deciding the appropriate level of review and documentation for information
disseminated by NOAA, the costs and benefits of using a higher quality standard
or a more extensive review process will be considered. OMB describes “fitness for
purpose” as the relevant touchstone; information destined for a higher-impact
purpose must be held to higher standards of quality. Where necessary, other
compelling interests such as privacy and confidentiality protections will be
considered.
The utility and integrity standards below pertain to all categories of information
disseminated by NOAA. Following the utility and integrity standards are
objectivity standards for each of the specific categories of information
disseminated by NOAA. It should be noted that in urgent situations that may pose
an imminent threat to public health or welfare, the environment, the national
economy, or homeland security, these standards may be waived temporarily.
Because most of the standards presented in this document reflect existing practice
in NOAA, the present tense has been used when describing them; but regardless
of tense used, a performance standard is intended.
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UTILITY
Utility means that disseminated information is useful to its intended users.
"Useful" means that the content of the information is helpful, beneficial, or
serviceable to its intended users, or that the information supports the usefulness
of other disseminated information by making it more accessible or easier to read,
see, understand, obtain, or use. Where the usefulness of information will be
enhanced by greater transparency, care is taken that sufficient background and
detail are available, either with the disseminated information or through other
means, to maximize the usefulness of the information. The level of such
background and detail is commensurate with the importance of the particular
information, balanced against the resources required, and is appropriate to the
nature and timeliness of the information to be disseminated.
As a service organization, NOAA strives to continually improve the usefulness of
its data and information products. A broad definition of NOAA's customers
includes the American public, other federal agencies, state and local governments,
academia, the private sector, recreational concerns, and many different national
and international organizations. NOAA interacts with its customers through
workshops, surveys, product reviews and other similar mechanisms to assess and
improve the utility and accessibility of its products.
NOAA disseminates data products in a manner that allows them to be accessible
and understandable to a broad range of users. NOAA meets the needs of its
customers by disseminating information through a variety of media, which can
include printed publications, diskettes or CD-ROM, the internet, and broadcast
media. NOAA also utilizes standard data formats and consistent attribute naming
and unit conventions to ensure that its information is accessible to a broad range
of users with a variety of operating systems and data needs.
OMB highlights the importance of secondary use of data (OMB M-19-15). That is
analyzing data for a purpose other than the primary one for which it was collected.
Federal data access policies require agencies to ensure they have clear policies for
evaluating and communicating the fitness-for-purpose of data made available to
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the public. In particular, Agencies should provide the public with sufficient
documentation about each dataset released to allow data users to determine the
fitness of the data for the purpose for which third parties may consider using it.
Additionally, when designing or improving data collection systems, NOAA should
describe potential secondary and downstream uses in the Information Collection
Request submitted to OMB for review under the PRA.
Safeguarding privacy and confidentiality is vital in the context of open data. If
NOAA is considering secondary analysis of data that includes personally
identifiable information, the agencies should ensure that all privacy requirements
are met and privacy risks are managed.
INTEGRITY
Prior to dissemination, NOAA information, independent of the specific intended
distribution mechanism, is safeguarded from improper access, modification, or
destruction, to a degree commensurate with the risk and magnitude of harm that
could result from the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to or modification of
such information.
All electronic information disseminated by NOAA adheres to the standards set out
in Appendix III, "Security of Automated Information Resources," OMB Circular A130; the Computer Security Act; and the Government Information Security Reform
Act.
Confidentiality of data collected by NOAA is safeguarded under legislation such
as the Privacy Act and Titles 13, 15, and 22 of the U.S. Code.
Additional protections are provided as appropriate by 50 CFR Part 600, Subpart E,
Confidentiality of Statistics of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
Management Act, NOAA Administrative Order 216-100 - Protection of
Confidential Fisheries Statistics.
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OBJECTIVITY
Objectivity ensures that information is accurate, reliable, and unbiased, and that
information products are presented in an accurate, clear, complete, and unbiased
manner. In a scientific, financial, or statistical context, the original and supporting
data are generated, and the analytic results are developed, using commonly
accepted scientific, financial, and statistical methods.
Accuracy. Because NOAA deals largely in scientific information, that information
reflects the inherent uncertainty of the scientific process. The concept of statistical
variation is inseparable from every phase of the scientific process, from
instrumentation to final analysis. Therefore, in assessing information for accuracy,
the information is considered accurate if it is within an acceptable degree of
imprecision or error appropriate to the particular kind of information at issue and
otherwise meets commonly accepted scientific, financial, and statistical standards,
as applicable. This concept is inherent in the definition of "reproducibility" as used
in the OMB Guidelines and adopted by NOAA. Therefore, original and supporting
data that are within an acceptable degree of imprecision, or an analytic result that
is within an acceptable degree of imprecision or error, are by definition within the
agency standard and are therefore considered correct.
Influential Information. As noted in the definitions above, influential information is
information the agency reasonably can determine will have or does have a clear
and substantial impact on important public policies or private sector decisions. As
also noted above, influential information includes information that forms the
principal basis for an important decision by a federal decision maker.
A clear and substantial impact is one that has a high probability of occurring. If it is
merely arguable or a judgment call, then it would probably not be clear and
substantial. The impact must be on a policy or decision that is in fact expected to
occur, and there must be a link between the information and the impact that is
expected to occur. In other words, the same policy or decision would be difficult to
reach without the information. See part IV for further guidance and ISI examples.
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Without regard to whether information is influential, NOAA strives for the highest
level of transparency about data and methods for all categories of information in
all its scientific activities, within ethical, feasibility, cost, and confidentiality
constraints. This supports the development of consistently superior products and
fosters better value to the public. It also facilitates the reproducibility of such
information by qualified third parties. Consistent with the 2010 White House
Office of Science and Technology Policy guidance on Scientific Integrity, agencies
should ensure that influential information is communicated transparently by
"including a clear explication of underlying assumptions,· accurate
contextualization of uncertainties,· and a description of the probabilities associated
with both optimistic and pessimistic projections, including best-case and worstcase scenarios. When an agency has performed analysis using a specialized set of
computer code, the computer code used to process it should be made available to
the public for further analysis, if consistent with applicable law and policy.
Peer Review of Influential Scientific Information. "Influential scientific information"
or "highly influential scientific assessments" that the agency intends to
disseminate are subject to OMB's Final Information Quality Bulletin for Peer
Review (OMB Peer Review Bulletin), issued December 16, 2004 (70 FR 2664, Jan.
14, 2005). Peer review of these information products will be conducted in
accordance with that Bulletin. When conducting peer review, reviewers should be
asked to evaluate the objectivity of the underlying data and the sensitivity of the
agency's conclusions to analytic assumptions. Additionally, when influential
information that has been peer reviewed changes significantly (e.g., as a result of
the peer reviewer comments, additional agency analysis, or further consideration),
the agency should conduct a second peer review. (OMB-19-15) While the Peer
Review Bulletin does not cover third party information directly, its requirements
apply to such information under certain circumstances. If the agency plans to
disseminate information supplied by a third party, the OMB Peer Review Bulletin
should be checked for applicability. In selecting peer reviewers who are not
government employees, NOAA has adapted the National Academy of Sciences
policy for committee selection with respect to evaluating the potential for conflicts
and will use the adapted policy (NOAA Conflict of Interest Policy).
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Analysis of Risks to Human Health, Safety and the Environment. For influential
information disseminated by federal agencies that constitutes assessment of risks
to human health, safety or the environment, the OMB Guidelines direct the
agencies to adopt or adapt as objectivity standards the principles of the Safe
Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 (SDWA) respecting risk assessments.
Many of NOAA's environmental assessments do not constitute analysis of risks or
do not lend themselves to the type of risk assessments contemplated by the
SDWA principles. Some assessments of risk to humans and the environment, such
as tornado or hurricane warnings, use best available science conducted in
accordance with sound and objective scientific practices, but are made under
exigent circumstances which do not allow for extended analysis. Some programs
may be based upon existing statutory, regulatory, or other guidance that allows or
requires the use of expert judgment, available data, and a mix of other qualitative
and quantitative input, in order to achieve the ends of the program at issue, but are
not compatible with the precise SDWA risk assessment criteria.
There are some NOAA programs which are appropriate for application of risk
assessment principles. When NOAA performs and disseminates influential risk
assessments that are qualitative in nature, it will apply the following two
objectivity standards, adapted from the SDWA principles:
1. To the degree that the agency action is based on science, NOAA will use (a) the
best available science and supporting studies (including peer-reviewed science
and supporting studies when available), conducted in accordance with sound and
objective scientific practices, and (b) data collected by accepted methods or best
available methods.
2. NOAA will ensure that disseminated information about risk effects is presented
in a comprehensive, informative, and understandable manner.
In situations requiring influential risk assessments that are quantitative in nature,
NOAA generally follows basic risk assessment principles, such as the National
Academies of Science paradigm of 1983, as updated in 1994, which states that
"Risk assessment is not a single process, but a systematic approach to organizing
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and analyzing scientific knowledge and information." In doing so, NOAA applies
risk assessment approaches, over a wide variety of hazards, using appropriate
practices that are widely accepted among relevant scientific and technical
communities.
When NOAA performs and disseminates influential risk assessments that are
quantitative in nature, in addition to applying the two objectivity standards above,
risk assessment documents made available to the public shall specify, to the
extent practicable, the following information, adapted from the SDWA principles:
each ecosystem component, including population, addressed by any estimate
of applicable risk effects;
the expected or central estimate of risk for the specific ecosystem component,
including population, affected;
each appropriate upper‑bound and/or lower‑bound estimate of risk;
data gaps and other significant uncertainties identified in the process of the
risk assessment and the studies that would assist in reducing the
uncertainties; and
additional studies known to the agency and not used in the risk estimate that
support or fail to support the findings of the assessment and the rationale of
why they were not used.
Third-party Information. Use of third-party information from either domestic or
international sources, such as states, municipalities, intergovernmental
organizations, or private entities, is a common practice in NOAA. Collaboration on
interjurisdictional studies and monitoring programs, incorporation of on-site
observations into NOAA products, and utilization of global observation systems
are just a few examples of when third‑party information is used. NOAA's
information quality guidelines are reality‑based, i.e., not intended to prevent the
use of reliable outside information or full utilization of the best scientific
information available. Although third‑party sources may not be directly subject to
Section 515, information from such sources, when used by NOAA to develop
information products or to form the basis of a decision or policy, must be of known
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quality and consistent with NOAA's information quality guidelines. When such
information is used, any limitations, assumptions, collection methods, or
uncertainties concerning it will be taken into account and disclosed. Further,
sufficient information on the data and analysis, including its scope (e.g., temporal
or demographic) and any other information necessary to allow the public to
reproduce the agencies' conclusions should be communicated to the public.
Confidential and proprietary data, and other supporting information which cannot
be disclosed. Where confidentiality or other considerations preclude full
transparency, then especially rigorous robustness checks will be applied. They
may take many forms, ranging from the use of outside review panels to the use of
an array of specific checks to ensure objectivity. The nature and a description of
these checks will be disclosed upon request.
Additionally, wherever consistent with statutory, regulatory, and policy
requirements for protection of privacy and confidentiality, proprietary data, and
confidential business information; priority should be given to increased access to
the data and analytic frameworks (e.g., .models) used to generate influential
information. To facilitate this, methods that provide wider access to datasets while
reducing the risk of disclosure of confidential data should be explored. (OMB M19-15)
Objectivity Standards for Specific Information Categories
A. Original Data
Objectivity of original data is achieved by using sound quality control techniques.
Data are collected according to documented procedures or in a manner that
reflects standard practices accepted by the relevant scientific and technical
communities. Data collection methods, systems, instruments, training, and tools
are designed to meet requirements of the target user and are validated before use.
Instrumentation is calibrated using primary or secondary standards or
fundamental engineering and scientific methods. NOAA's standard operating
procedures (SOPs) are reviewed on a regular basis and modified as practices and
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procedures evolve. Deviations from current SOPs are documented and occur only
if valid scientific reasons exist for such a deviation. For situations where new
analytical methods, innovative detection technologies, or other new procedures
are used for which SOPs may not exist, new written documentation should be
developed consistent with this and other applicable policy.
Original data undergo quality control prior to being used by the agency or
disseminated outside of the agency. Quality control techniques can include, as
appropriate:
gross error checks for data that fall outside of physically realistic ranges (e.g.
a minimum, maximum, or maximum change);
comparisons made with other independent sources of the same
measurement;
examination of individual time series and statistical summaries;
application of sensor drift coefficients determined by a comparison of pre- and
post-deployment calibrations; and
visual inspection of the data.
peer review of influential original data
OMB Memo M-15-19 clarifies the definition of Influential Scientific Information to
say that for policy decisions, a specific piece or body of information is "influential"
when the decision would be difficult to reach in that information's absence or if the
decision would lose its fundamental scientific, financial, or statistical
underpinnings absent the information. Because NOAA is a scientific data driven
agency, original data fundamentally underlies many of NOAA's important
decisions. As such, several of NOAA's datasets may qualify as Influential Scientific
Information, requiring a review be conducted in accordance with the OMB Peer
Review Bulletin. Peer review and documentation of these 'influential' datasets
should be conducted in accordance with that Bulletin.
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Individual Line offices within NOAA are to identify those existing data that would
qualify as "influential" and develop procedures their review. Continually updated
datasets should be reviewed on a recurring basis of at least once every 5 years.
B. Synthesized Products
Objectivity of synthesized products is achieved using data of known quality,
applying sound analytical techniques, and reviewing the products or processes
used to create them before dissemination.
Data and information sources are identified or made available upon request.
NOAA uses data of known quality or from sources acceptable to the relevant
scientific and technical communities in order to ensure that synthesized products
are valid, credible and useful.
Synthesized products are created using methods that are either published in
standard methods manuals, documented in accessible formats by the
disseminating office, or generally accepted by the relevant scientific and technical
communities.
NOAA reviews synthesized products or the procedures used to create them (e.g.
statistical procedures, models, or other analysis tools) to ensure their validity.
Synthesized products that are unique or not produced regularly are reviewed
individually by internal and/or external experts.
For regular production of routine syntheses, the processes for developing
these products are reviewed by internal and/or external experts.
NOAA includes the methods by which synthesized products are created when
they are disseminated or makes the methods available upon request.
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C. Interpreted Products
Objectivity of interpreted products is achieved by using data of known quality or
from sources acceptable to the relevant scientific and technical communities and
reliable supporting products, applying sound analytical techniques, presenting the
information in the proper context, and reviewing the products before
dissemination.
Data and information sources are properly referenced or identified upon request.
Interpreted products are produced using methods that are documented in
accessible formats by the disseminating office or generally accepted by the
relevant scientific and technical communities.
NOAA puts its interpreted products in context. Additional information that
demonstrates the quality and limitations of the interpreted products helps the user
assess the suitability of the product for the user=s application.
Interpreted products are reviewed. Since the production of interpreted products
often involves expert judgment, evaluation, and interpretation, these products are
reviewed by technically qualified individuals to ensure that they are valid,
complete, unbiased, objective, and relevant. Peer reviews, ranging from internal
peer review by staff who were not involved in the development of the product to
formal, independent, external peer review, are conducted at a level commensurate
with the scientific information in the interpreted product.
NOAA includes the methods by which interpreted products are created when they
are disseminated or makes the methods available upon request.
D. Hydrometeorological, Hazardous Chemical Spill, and Space
Weather Warnings, Forecasts, and Advisories
Objectivity of information in this category is achieved by using reliable data
collection methods and sound analytical techniques and systems to ensure the
highest possible level of accuracy given the time critical nature of the products.
Due to time constraints, the ability to review final products prior to dissemination
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is limited. As noted above, section IX of the OMB Peer Review Bulletin excludes
health or safety information products, where the agency determines that the
dissemination is time sensitive. Most of the information products released under
this category will fall under this exemption.
To the extent possible, NOAA uses data of known quality to provide the best
possible information under tight time constraints.
Data and information sources are identified or made available upon request.
To the extent possible, information in this category is produced using methods and
techniques that are documented in accessible formats by the responsible office or
generally accepted by the relevant scientific and technical communities. Due to
the time-critical nature of these products, individual best judgment may be
introduced.
NOAA identifies and tracks performance as a mechanism for evaluating accuracy
of warnings, forecasts, and advisories. Statistical analysis may be carried out for a
subset of products for verification purposes.
E. Experimental Products
Experimental products are either:
1. disseminated for experimental use, evaluation or feedback, or
2. used in cases where, in the view of qualified scientists who are operating in an
urgent situation in which the timely flow of vital information is crucial to human
health, safety, or the environment, the danger to human health, safety, or the
environment will be lessened if every tool available is used.
Objectivity of experimental products is achieved by using the best science and
supporting studies available, in accordance with sound and objective scientific
practices, evaluated in the relevant scientific and technical communities.
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Through an iterative process, provisional documentation of theory and methods
are prepared, including the various assumptions employed, the specific analytic
methods applied, the data used, and the statistical procedures employed. Results
of initial tests are available where possible. The experimental products and
capabilities documentation, along with any tests or evaluations, are repeatedly
reviewed by the appropriate NOAA units. Such products are not moved into nonexperimental categories until subjected to a full, thorough, and rigorous review.
Where experimental products are disseminated for experimental use, evaluation
or feedback in the form of comment or criticism, the products are accompanied by
explicit limitations on their quality or by an indicated degree of uncertainty.
Where experimental products are used by NOAA in support of other NOAA
products in urgent situations where the timely flow of vital information is critical,
they are used by qualified scientists in conjunction with accepted nonexperimental scientific methods and tools, and taking into account all available
information. Such experimental products and capabilities are used only after
careful testing, evaluation, and review by NOAA experts, and then are approved
for provisional use only by selected field offices or other NOAA components. This
process is repeated as needed to ensure an acceptable and reliable level of
quality.
F. Natural Resource Plans
Natural Resource Plans are information products that are prescribed by law and
have content, structure, and public review processes (where applicable) that will
be based upon published standards (e.g., statutory or regulatory guidelines).
Objectivity of Natural Resource Plans will be achieved by adhering to published
standards, using information of known quality or from sources acceptable to the
relevant scientific and technical communities, presenting the information in the
proper context, and reviewing the products before dissemination.
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Natural Resource Plans (Plans) will be developed according to published
standards. Links to the published standards for the Plans disseminated by NOAA
are provided below.
Plans will be based on the best information available. Plans will be a composite
of several types of information (e.g., scientific, management, stakeholder input,
policy) from a variety of internal and external sources. Plans will often be
developed under legislatively-directed deadlines that constrain the ability to
conduct new studies or gather additional data. Therefore, the best information
available at the time will be used in the development of Plans.
Plans will be presented in an accurate, clear, complete and unbiased manner.
Natural Resource Plans often rely upon scientific information, analyses and
conclusions for the development of management policy. Clear distinctions will be
drawn between policy choices and the supporting science upon which they are
based. Supporting materials, information, data and analyses used within the Plan
will be properly referenced to ensure transparency. Plans will be reviewed by
technically qualified individuals to ensure that they are valid, complete, unbiased,
objective, and relevant.
Review of Natural Resource Plans, ranging from internal review by staff who were
not involved in the development of the product to formal, independent, external
peer review, will be conducted at a level commensurate with the scientific
information in the natural resource plan and the constraints imposed by legallyenforceable deadlines.
G. Corporate and General Information
Corporate and general information disseminated by NOAA is presented in a clear,
complete, and unbiased manner, and in a context that enhances usability to the
intended audience. The sources of the disseminated information are identified to
the extent possible, consistent with confidentiality, privacy, and security
considerations and protections, and taking into account timely presentation, the
medium of dissemination, and the importance of the information, balanced against
the resources required and the time available.
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Information disseminated by NOAA is reliable and accurate to an acceptable
degree of error as determined by factors such as the importance of the
information, the intended use, time sensitivity, expected degree of permanence,
relation to the primary mission(s) of the disseminating office, and the context of
the dissemination, balanced against the resources required and the time available.
A body of information is considered to be reliable if experience shows it to be
generally accurate. Accurate information, in the case of non-scientific, nonfinancial, non-statistical information, means information which is reasonably
determined to be factually correct in the view of the disseminating office as of the
time of dissemination.
Review of corporate and general information disseminated by NOAA is
incorporated into the normal process of formulating the information. This review is
at a level appropriate to the information, taking into account the information's
importance, balanced against the resources required and the time available.
Department operating units treat information quality as integral to every step of
an agency's development of information, including creation, collection,
maintenance, and dissemination.
Review can be accomplished in a number of ways, including but not limited to
combinations of the following:
a. Active personal review of information by supervisory and management layers,
either by reviewing each individual dissemination, or selected samples, or by any
other reasonable method.
b. Use of quality check lists, charts, statistics, or other means of tracking quality,
completeness, and usefulness.
c. Process design and monitoring to ensure that the process itself imposes checks
on information quality.
d. Review during information preparation.
e. Use of management controls.
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f. Any other method which serves to enhance the accuracy, reliability, and
objectivity of the information.
PART III. ADMINISTRATIVE CORRECTION MECHANISM
A. Overview and Definitions
1. Requests to correct information. Any affected person (see "Definitions" below)
may request, where appropriate, timely correction of disseminated information
that does not comply with applicable information quality guidelines. An affected
person would submit a request for such action directly to:
NOAA Section 515 Officer
NOAA Executive Secretariat
Herbert C. Hoover Building B Room 5230
14th and Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20230
However, requests for correction received in compliance with the Department of
Commerce guidelines and forwarded to NOAA by DOC will be considered as if
submitted to the NOAA Section 515 Officer on the date received by the NOAA
Executive Secretariat.
2. Appeals of denials of requests. Any person receiving an initial denial of a
request to correct information may file an appeal of such denial, which must be
received by the NOAA Section 515 Officer (address as in paragraph III.A.1. above)
within 30 calendar days of the date of the denial of the request. The appeal must
include a copy of the original request, any correspondence regarding the initial
denial, and a statement of the reasons why the requester believes the initial denial
was in error. No opportunity for personal appearance, oral argument, or hearing on
appeal will be provided.
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3. Burden of Proof. The burden of proof is on the requester to show both the
necessity and type of correction sought. Information that is subjected to formal,
independent, external peer review is presumed to be objective provided that, for
"influential scientific information," and "highly influential scientific assessments,"
the peer review fulfills the requirements of the OMB Peer Review Bulletin. The
requester has the burden of rebutting that presumption.
4. Definitions.
Affected person means an individual or entity that uses, benefits from, or is
harmed by the disseminated information at issue.
Person means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, public or private
organization, or governmental entity.
Responsible office means a sub-organization of NOAA responsible for carrying out
specified substantive functions (i.e., programs) that is designated to make the
initial decision on a request for correction based on NOAA information quality
standards.
Staff Office means the Office of Finance and Administration, the Office of the
Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere/Administrator, the
Office of Chief Information Officer and High Performance Computing and
Communications, Office of Marine and Aviation Operations, or any other
organizational unit in NOAA that is not contained in one of the NOAA Line Offices
or in another larger Staff Office.
B. Procedures for Submission of Initial Requests for Correction
1. An initial request for correction of disseminated information must be made in
writing and addressed to the NOAA Section 515 Officer (address as in paragraph
III.A.1. above). The NOAA Section 515 Officer will transmit the written request to
the responsible office. Any NOAA employee receiving a misdirected request
should make reasonable efforts to forward the request to the NOAA Section 515
Officer, but the time for response does not commence until the NOAA Section 515
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Officer receives the request. A request for correction of disseminated information
will not support or extend any other legally prescribed deadline for a pending
action.
2. No initial request for correction will be considered under these procedures
concerning:
a. a matter not involving "information," as that term is defined herein;
b. information that has not actually been "disseminated," according to the
definition of "dissemination" herein; orc. disseminated information the correction
of which would serve no useful purpose. For example, correction of disseminated
information would serve no useful purpose with respect to information that is not
valid, used, or useful after a stated short period of time (such as a weather
forecast). However, this would not preclude a request for correction alleging a
recurring or systemic problem resulting in repeated similar or consistent errors.
Additionally, requests that are duplicative, repetitious, or frivolous may be
rejected. Any request rejected under this provision will nevertheless be accounted
for in the Department's report to OMB.
3. At a minimum, to be considered proper, initial requests must include:
a. the requester's name, current home or business address, and telephone
number or electronic mail address (to assist with timely communication);
b. a statement that the request for correction of information is submitted under
Section 515 of Public Law 106-554 (to ensure correct and timely routing);
c. an accurate citation to or description of the particular information disseminated
which is the subject of the request, including: the date and source from which the
requester obtained the information; the point and form of dissemination; an
indication of which NOAA office or program disseminated the information (if
known); and any other details that will assist NOAA in identifying the specific
information which is the subject of the request and locating the responsible office;
d. an explanation of how the requester is affected; and
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e. a specific statement of how the information at issue fails to comply with
applicable guidelines and why the requester believes that the information is not
correct.
4. For any proper request (i.e., one including all the elements of paragraph III.B.3.)
above, NOAA will attempt to communicate either a decision on the request, or a
statement of the status of the request and an estimated decision date, within 120
calendar days after receipt of the request by the NOAA Section 515 Officer.
5. No action will be taken regarding a request not including all the elements of
paragraph III.B.3. (including a request made by a person unaffected by the
dissemination of the information), or a request that does not state a claim
according to paragraph III.C.1. The submitter of any such request will be notified,
usually within 120 calendar days, of this disposition, and, if possible, may amend
the request as required and resubmit it. Whether resubmitted or not, such
requests will be accounted for in the Department's annual report to OMB.
6. A proper request received concerning information disseminated as part of and
during the pendency of the public comment period on a proposed rule, Natural
Resource Plan ("plan"), or other action, including a request concerning the
information forming the record of decision for such proposed rule, plan, or action,
will be treated as a comment filed on that proposed rulemaking, plan, or action,
and will be addressed in issuance of any final rule, plan, or action.
C. Action by the Responsible Office on Initial Requests for
Correction
1. Upon receipt of a proper request, the head of the responsible office will make a
preliminary determination whether the request states a claim. A request for
correction states a claim if it reasonably demonstrates, on the strength of the
assertions made in the request alone, and assuming they are true and correct, that
the information disseminated was based on a misapplication or non-application of
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NOAA's applicable published information quality standards. In other words, to
state a claim, a request for correction must actually allege that NOAA
disseminated information that does not comply with applicable guidelines.
A determination that a request does not state a claim will be communicated, along
with an explanation of the deficiencies, to the requester, usually within 120
calendar days of receipt. The request may be amended and resubmitted as
indicated in paragraph III.B.5 above.
2. If a proper request is preliminarily determined to state a claim, the head of the
responsible office will objectively investigate and analyze relevant material, in a
manner consistent with established internal procedures, to determine whether the
disseminated information complies with NOAA's information quality standards.
The head of the responsible office will make an initial decision whether the
information should be corrected and what, if any, corrective action should be
taken. No opportunity for personal appearance, oral argument, or hearing is
provided.
If NOAA determines that corrective action is appropriate, corrective measures may
be taken through a number of forms, including but not limited to: personal
contacts via letter or telephone, form letters, press releases or postings on the
appropriate NOAA Web site to correct a widely disseminated error or to address a
frequently raised request, or withdrawal of the information in question. The form
of corrective action will be determined by the nature and timeliness of the
information involved and such factors as the significance of the error on the use of
the information, and the magnitude of the error.
3. The head of the responsible office will communicate his/her initial decision or
the status of the request to the requester, usually within 120 calendar days after it
is received by the NOAA Section 515 Officer.
4. The initial decision or status update will contain the name and title of the
person communicating the decision, the name of the NOAA Line or Staff Office of
which the responsible office is a part, the name and title of the head of that Line or
Staff Office, and a notice that the requester may appeal an initial denial, as in
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paragraph III.D.1. below, within 30 calendar days of the date of the initial denial.
Agency responses should not address the requestor's or agency's policy position,
but rather should contain a point-by-point response to any data quality arguments
contained in the RFC and should refer to a peer review that directly considered the
issue being raised, if available.
5. Prior to communicating the decision to the requestor, draft responses should be
shared with OMB for an assessment of compliance with IQA procedures and
norms.
6. Appeals will be handled by the head of the Line or Staff Office (Appeal Official)
of which the responsible office is a part. To ensure objectivity, any such Appeal
Official will be at least one administrative level above the official who made the
initial decision. If this is not possible within the NOAA Line or Staff Office of which
the responsible office is a part, then the Appeal Official will be an official from
another office which is at least on the same administrative level as the office of the
official who made the initial decision. An initial denial will become a final decision
if no appeal is filed within 30 calendar days.
D. Appeals from Initial Denial
1. An appeal from an initial denial must be made within 30 calendar days of the
date of the initial decision and must be in writing and addressed to the NOAA
Section 515 Officer (address as in paragraph III.A.1. above). An appeal of an initial
denial must include:
a. the requester's name, current home or business address, and telephone number
or electronic mail address (in order to ensure timely communication);
b. a copy of the original request and any correspondence regarding the initial
denial; and
c. a statement of the reasons why the requester believes the initial denial was in
error.
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2. Where an initial denial has been made concerning information that is part of the
record of decision of a rulemaking, Natural Resource Plan, or other action
identified in paragraph III.B.6., and an administrative appeal mechanism, such as a
reconsideration process, exists, an appeal will be considered pursuant to that
process.
3. The Appeal Official will decide whether the information should be corrected
based on all the information presented in the appeal record. No opportunity for
personal appearance, oral argument, or hearing on appeal is provided. The Appeal
Official will communicate his/her decision to the requester usually within 120
calendar days after receipt by the NOAA Section 515 Officer.
PART IV: Additional ISI Guidance and Examples
Additional guidance for determining whether NOAA data meet the criteria for ISI.
The definition for ISI provides no clear criteria or specific guidelines such as the
HISA criterion for any dataset that is over the $500 million threshold. Each data
set of "scientific information" is unique, and impacts public policy and private
sector decision-making in its own unique way. The three key phrases, which
managers must weigh in on, are whether or not there is a "clear and substantial
impact," and this impact has a "high probability of occurring", on "important public
policies or private sector decision making." It should also be kept in mind that
these evaluated impacts may be regionally dependent in nature. If "yes" can be
answered for each phrase, then it is ISI.
OMB Memo M-15-19 clarifies this definition to say that for policy decisions, a
specific piece or body of information is "influential" when it is a principal basis for
an important decision by a federal decision-maker, that is, if the same decision
would be difficult to reach in that information's absence or if the decision would
lose its fundamental scientific, financial, or statistical underpinnings absent the
information. Because of this guidance studies, reports or analytical works that
directly inform important federal decisions are considered ISI.
Some examples of existing ISI include but are not limited to:
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National Marine Sanctuary Condition Reports (developed every five years): Trends
in the status of resources are also reported, and are generally based on observed
changes in status, generally over the past five years, and are assessments and
observations of scientists, managers and users. Therefore, ratings reflect the
collective level of concern among participants based on their knowledge and
perceptions of local problems. This information is intended to help set the stage
for management plan reviews.
State of the Climate reports place today’s climate in historical context and
provides perspectives on the extent to which the climate system varies and
changes as well as the effect that climate is having on societies and the
environment. (from Climate.gov: temperature, CO2, ocean heat content, sea level,
arctic sea ice, sun’s energy trends are monitored). All of these changes may affect
availability of a variety of resources, e.g. fish stocks, fresh water supplies, as well
as contribute to public health issues, e.g. prevalence of certain diseases/disease
vectors, and human safety. Areas in which decision-making would be impacted
would include: Federal fishery management, public health policy and planning and
public safety policy and planning.
Arctic Report Card: Issued annually, the Arctic Report Card is a timely source for
clear, reliable and concise environmental information on the state of the Arctic,
relative to historical time series records. Material is prepared by an international
team of scientists. The audience for the Arctic Report Card is wide, including
scientists, students, teachers, decision makers and the general public interested in
Arctic environment and science. The Report Card is cited on a wide range of
websites. Example of use for decision-making: reductions in sea ice mean that
Arctic Shipping routes become more feasible. Also, the Arctic Report Card is
closely tied to climate change issues and their impacts (see State of the Climate
reports).
Stock assessments and other reports on the prevalence of a species contain
information that underlie decisions on total allowable catch and actions to protect
threatened and endangered species. These decisions have a direct impact on
industry actions.
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V. Responsibilities
Individual responsibilities are enumerated in the text above.
The NOAA Section 515 officer: Shall receive and coordinate the response to
‘Requests for Correction’ under the Information Quality Act as described in Part III.
NOAA Employees who disseminate information to the public shall ensure that
these guidelines are followed.
Within 120 days of adoption of this guidance, Line office ACIOs, for all line offices
(excluding OMAO) shall develop implementation guidance for the Information
Quality Act. This guidance shall include an inventory of routine publications,
publication types, data or models that qualify as Influential Scientific Information
as described above. Further, this guidance should also develop procedures for
review of Influential Scientific Information (including datasets) that is consistent
with the NOAA guidance on the OMB Peer Review Bulletin (here).
An ad-hoc working group shall be established to review the individual line office
implementations and resolve any conflicting interpretations of OMB IQA policy.
This group shall be comprised of one representative from each line office and a
representative of the OCIO. This group will report to the NOAA CIO Council, and
be dissolved once the Line Office Implementation policies have been reconciled.
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VI. Management and Ownership
The NOAA CIO Council shall be responsible for this guidance document.
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VII. Intended Audience
This guidance applies to all NOAA employees
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VIII. Implementation Date
These guidelines cover information disseminated by NOAA on or after October 1,
2002, regardless of when the information was first disseminated, except that predissemination review procedures shall apply only to information first disseminated
on or after October 1, 2002. The requirements for ISI data sets shall apply to all
original data disseminated or updated after adoption of this policy by January 1,
2020.
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IX. Grandfather Exemption and Waiver Option
Exemptions to the IQA policy are enumerated in the OMB Guidelines and Peer
Review Bulletin.
Guidelines for Ensuring and Maximizing the Quality, Objectivity, Utility, and
Integrity of Information Disseminated by Federal Agencies; Republication :
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2002-02-22/pdf/R2-59.pdf
Final Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review:
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2005-01-14/pdf/05-769.pdf
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X. Performance Objectives and Measurements
Compliance with this guidance requires posting information about peer review of
Influential Scientific Information, including influential datasets, on the NOAA Peer
review agenda:
https://www.cio.noaa.gov/services_programs/prplans/PRsummaries.html
The total number of ISI peer reviews reported on this agenda serves as a metric
for compliance.
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XI. Definitions
Definitions are very important to this policy, and are described within the text.
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XII. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
None
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XIII. Approval
Mandatory - State the following:
This policy was approved on [insert Month Day, Year] by the [insert NOAA CIO |
CIO Council | (or) the issuing NOAA IT governance organization].
______________________________________________
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Zachary Goldstein, Chief Information Officer
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XIV. Appendices
None
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Last updated July 17, 2024
Cite this page
https://www.noaa.gov/organization/information-technology/policy-oversight/information-quality/information-quality-guidelines
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| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | Information Quality Guidelines | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| File Modified | 2025-12-12 |
| File Created | 2025-12-12 |