Form 0920-25-0152 GARLRN PM Tool

GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE LABORATORY AND RESPONSE NETWORK

PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT TOOL

antimicrobial resistance strategy and coordination unit

2025

Contents

INTRODUCTION 2

FORM 1: RECIPIENT INFORMATION 3

SECTION 1: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 5

SECTION 2: LABORATORY ACTIVITIES 8

SECTION 3: WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 10

FORM 2: PARTNER OR LABORATORY SITE INFORMATION 12

SECTION 1: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 15

SECTION 2: LABORATORY ACTIVITIES 17

SECTION 3: SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE ACTIVITIES 22

INTRODUCTION

Form Approved

OMB CONTROL NUMBER: 0920-1282

EXPIRATION DATE: 06/30/2026

Thank you for completing the Global Antimicrobial Resistance (AR) Laboratory and Response Network (Global AR Lab and Response Network) Performance Measurement (PM) tool.  This tool is intended to establish and collect standardized process and outcome metrics for recipients implementing Global AR Lab and Response Network projects.  Recipients will be asked to complete this tool annually, in addition to the required Cooperative Agreement annual performance and progress reporting.

Please complete the tool using information that will be included in [recipname_bp4]'s performance narrative submission for the current reporting period. Please answer as many questions as possible. 

If you need any assistance, please contact GARLRN@cdc.gov.

 

Public reporting burden of this collection of information is estimated to average 5 hours per response per year, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to CDC/ATSDR Reports Clearance Officer; 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS D-74, Atlanta, Georgia 30333; Attn: OMB-PRA (0920-1282).

****Please complete the following forms based on project activities implemented during the current reporting period.

FORM 1: RECIPIENT INFORMATION

Please answer the following questions related to [recipname_bp4]’s Global AR Lab and Response Network project implementation, laboratory activities, and workforce development activities during the current reporting period. This form is to be completed at the recipient level.

Any recipients implementing multiple projects during the current reporting period are kindly requested to complete FORM 1 for each Strategy 2-5 project(s).

For any questions where recipient is not aware or unsure of response, please enter ‘Does not apply’ where applicable

RECIPIENT INFORMATION
QID	Question	Answer options	Notes
1.	Name of Recipient Organization:		Variable name = [recipname_bp4]
2.	[recipname_bp4] HQ location:
3.	Select the option that best describes [recipname_bp4]: (select all that apply)	Academic institution Governmental organization Non-governmental organization (NGO) Other (Please specify):
4.	Select the CK21-2104 funded strategy(s): (select all that apply)	Strategy 2: Assess Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteric Pathogens Strategy 3: Assess Antimicrobial Resistance in Fungal Pathogens Strategy 4: Assess Antimicrobial Resistance in Invasive Bacterial and Respiratory Pathogens Strategy 5: Assess Antimicrobial Resistance in N. gonorrhoeae
5.	Select the pathogen(s) of interest for this project: (select all that apply)	Aspergillus fumigatus Bordetella pertussis Campylobacter spp. Candida auris Candida spp. (excluding Candida auris) Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales Clostridioides difficile Cronobacter spp. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales Escherichia coli Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) Haemophilus influenzae Listeria monocytogenes Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mycobacterium tuberculosis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. Salmonella serotype Typhi Shigella spp. Streptococcus pneumoniae Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Vibrio spp. Other (please specify):

SECTION 1: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

Please answer the following questions related to Project Implementation for [recipname_bp4]’s Global AR Lab and Response Network project during this reporting period. We recommend using information that will be reported in the performance narrative submission.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Q ID	Question	Answer options	Notes
1.	How many countries was this project implemented1 in during this reporting period?	(Integer – Enter 8888 if does not apply, 9999 if unknown)
2.	Select the countries this project was implemented in during this reporting period. (select all that apply)	Check boxes for all countries. For each country selected, answer 2.a. and 2.b.
	2.a.	In [selected country], did this project directly collaborate with: (select all that apply) Ministry of Health National Reference Laboratory2 National AMR Coordination Center3 None of the above Does not apply	Follow up for each country selected
	2.b.	Did this project contribute to [selected country]’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP AMR)?	Follow up for each country selected
		Yes (à 2.b.i.) No (à 2.b.ii.) Don’t know Does not apply since the country does not have a NAP AMR
	2.b.i.	Describe how project activities contributed to supporting [selected country]’s NAP AMR.
	2.b.ii.	If no, list barriers to participation and/or support of the NAP AMR. (Open-ended)
3.	How many sites (laboratories, healthcare facilities, etc.) were supported as part of the project across all countries during this reporting period?	(Integer – Enter 8888 if does not apply, 9999 if unknown)
4.	Select the phase that best describes this project’s implementation stage at the end of this reporting period:	Exploration – Engaging stakeholders to identify 1. need(s); and 2. appropriate steps to address gaps or enhance activities
		Initiation – Project planning; consensus reached with stakeholders regarding project sites, objectives, and activities, as well as timeline for implementation
		Initial Implementation – Beginning stages of project implementation at selected sites including: 1. collection of baseline data; 2. establishing new practices/protocols; 3. supply/equipment procurement; 4. recruitment/hiring of locally based staff; etc.
		Full Implementation and Maintenance – Majority of project activities have been rolled out and routinely monitored
		Expansion/Scale-Up – Increasing the number of sites targeted for project activities
		Reduction/Scale Down – Decreasing the number of sites targeted for project activities or scaling down scope of activities
		Close Out – Project/funding cycle coming to a close and activities completed
5.	What major product(s) were developed during this reporting period? How many of each product were developed? (Select all that apply) If none, select Does not apply	Communications products (e.g., website, promotional articles) (à 5.a.) Conference presentations or posters (à 5.a.) Non-conference presentations (à 5.a.) Peer-reviewed publications (à 5.a.) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Job Aids (à 5.a.) Workshop or training materials (e.g., curriculum, modules) (à 5.a.) Other (à 5.a.) Does not apply	For every category selected, text box will pop up requesting number of each type of product
	5.a.	Provide links to any major products developed within this reporting period that are publicly available.
6.	Did CDC Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) review4 the major products listed in question #5?	Yes, all major products were reviewed by CDC SMEs Yes, some major products were reviewed by CDC SMEs (à 6.a.)
		No, major product were not reviewed by CDC SMEs (à 6.a.)
		Don’t know
		Does not apply
	6.a.	If only some or no products were reviewed by CDC SMEs, explain why. (Open-ended)
7.	How did [recipname_bp4] ensure sustainability of project activities during this reporting period?  (Consider all project activities, including those related to workforce development, laboratories, and surveillance and response.)	Open-ended
	Please use this space to provide any additional information related to [recipname_bp4]’s project implementation, including notable successes or challenges, during this reporting period.	Open-ended

SECTION 2: LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

Please answer the following questions related to laboratory activities for [recipname_bp4]’s Global AR Lab and Response Network project during the current reporting period. We recommend using information that will be reported in the performance narrative submission.

LABORATORY ACTIVITIES
Q ID	Question	Answer options	Notes
1.	Did [recipname_bp4] directly provide or collaborate with another organization to provide external quality assessment (EQA) to laboratories for this project?	a) Yes (à 1.a.)
		No
		Don’t know
		Doesn’t apply
	1.a.	Describe the EQA (number of laboratories, organization[s] providing EQA, pathogens included, number of isolates or samples submitted, and frequency), by country during this reporting period. (Open-ended) List as follows: 1. [Country A Name], [Number of laboratories], [details about EQA]; 2. [Country B Name], [Number of laboratories], [details about EQA]; 3. [Country C Name], [Number of laboratories], [details about EQA]; etc.
2.	How many laboratories received training or support for culturing any of the pathogen(s) of interest during this reporting period?	(Integer – Enter 8888 if does not apply, 9999 if unknown)
3.	How many laboratories received training or support for phenotypic testing of any pathogen(s) of interest during this reporting period?	(Integer – Enter 8888 if does not apply, 9999 if unknown)
4.	How many laboratories received training or support for genotypic testing of any pathogen(s) of interest during this reporting period?	(Integer – Enter 8888 if does not apply, 9999 if unknown)
5.	How many laboratories received training or support for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), including antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST), of any pathogen(s) during this reporting period?	(Integer – Enter 8888 if does not apply, 9999 if unknown)
6.	How many laboratories received training or support for sequencing of any pathogen(s) during this reporting period?	(Integer – Enter 8888 if does not apply, 9999 if unknown)
	Please use this space to provide any additional information related to [recipname_bp4]’s laboratory activities, including notable successes or challenges, during this reporting period.	Open-ended

SECTION 3: WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

Please answer the following questions related to Workforce Development activities for [recipname_bp4]’s Global AR Lab and Response Network project during the current reporting period. We recommend using information that will be reported in the performance narrative submission.

WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
Q ID	Question	Answer options	Notes
1.	How many personnel received training from [recipname_bp4] during this reporting period?	Integer Enter 9999 if unknown
	Select the type(s) of personnel that received training from [recipname_bp4] (can be in collaboration with partners) during this reporting period: (select all that apply)	Epidemiologists/Data managers
		Healthcare workers
		Laboratory personnel
		Ministry of Health (MOH)/National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) leadership
		Other (please specify): (àa & b only) Personnel type(s) were not captured ( a & b only) No personnel received training during this budget period (à skip a.-e.)
a.-e. For each personnel type selected above (2-6), please answer the following:
a.	How many CDC-supported5 education and training opportunities targeted [insert personnel type] during this reporting period?	Integer Enter 9999 if unknown	Follow up for options 2-6
b.	How many [insert personnel type] received training during this reporting period?	Integer Enter 9999 if unknown	Follow up for options 2-6
c.	Was a training curriculum established for training [insert personnel type]?	a) Yes b) No	Follow up for options 2-4
d.	Did the trainings use a Train-the-Trainer model?	a) Yes b) No	Follow up for options 2-4
e.	What assessments were conducted to ensure trainings objectives were met?	(Open-ended)	Follow up for options 2-4
	Please use this space to provide any additional information related to [recipname_bp4]’s workforce development activities, including notable successes or challenges, during this reporting period.

-----------------------------------------------END OF FORM 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------

FORM 2: PARTNER OR LABORATORY SITE INFORMATION

Please answer the following questions related to project implementation with partners as well as laboratory activities and surveillance and network practices for EACH health care facility (e.g. hospital, clinic, etc.) and/or laboratory that is participating in [recipname_bp4]’s Global AR Lab and Response Network project during the current reporting period. We recommend using information that will be reported in the performance narrative submission.

Please complete FORM 2 for EACH partner, healthcare facility, and/or laboratory.  Recipients with projects in multiple countries or engaged with multiple partners or healthcare facilities/laboratories will be asked to specify country and partner/facility name on each form.

For any questions where recipient is not aware or unsure of response, please enter ‘Does not apply’ where applicable.

PARTNER OR LABORATORY SITE INFORMATION
QID	Question	Answer options	Notes
1.	Name of Partner6 or Laboratory Site:		Variable name = [partnr1_projsite]
2.	Name of [partnr1_projsite]’s location (e.g. name of town, city, district, province, etc.):	Open-ended
3.	Name of country:	Drop down menu listing all countries
4.	Is [partnr1_projsite] a laboratory or a healthcare facility with a laboratory?	a) Yes (à 5., 5.a., & 5.b.) b) No (à go to “Alternative 5.” & STOP once Section 1 is complete)
5.	Select the option that best describes the level of the health system that [partnr1_projsite] supports:	National Regional, state, or provincial District or local level Other (Please specify):
	5.a.	Is [partnr1_projsite] part of an academic institution? a) Yes b) No
	5.b.	Is [partnr1_projsite] part of a private organization? a) Yes b) No
Alternative 5.	If answered “No” to Question 4, select the option that best describes [partnr1_projsite]:	Academic institution Government ministry (national or sub-national) Non-governmental organization Private industry Other (Please specify):
6.	Please select pathogen(s) of interest for [partnr1_projsite] for this project: (select all that apply)	Aspergillus fumigatus Bordetella pertussis Campylobacter spp. Candida auris Candida spp. (excluding Candida auris) Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales Clostridioides difficile Cronobacter spp. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales Escherichia coli Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) Haemophilus influenzae Listeria monocytogenes Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mycobacterium tuberculosis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. Salmonella serotype Typhi Shigella spp. Streptococcus pneumoniae Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Vibrio spp. Other (please specify):

SECTION 1: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

Please answer the following questions based on [partnr1_projsite]’s project implementation for [recipname_bp4]'s Global AR Lab and Response Network project during the current reporting period. Do not answer questions based on future efforts.  

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Q ID	Question	Answer options	Notes
1.	Select the current phase that best describes [partnr1_projsite]’s implementation stage at the end of this reporting period:	Exploration – Engaging stakeholder to identify 1. need(s); and 2. appropriate steps to address gaps or enhance project site’s activities
		Initiation – Project planning; consensus reached with stakeholder(s) regarding project site, objectives, and activities, as well as timeline for implementation
		Initial Implementation – Beginning stages of project implementation at project site including: 1. collection of baseline data; 2. establishing new practices/protocols; 3. supply/equipment procurement; 4. recruitment/hiring of locally based staff; etc.
		Full Implementation and Maintenance – Majority of project site’s activities have been rolled out and routinely monitored
		Expansion/Scale-Up – Scaling up scope of project site’s activities
		Reduction/Scale Down – Scaling down scope of project site’s activities
		Close out - Project/funding cycle coming to a close and site activities completed
		Institutionalization - Site has taken ownership of project activities with little to no support from the implementing partner
2.	What type of assistance did [partr1_projsite] receive during this reporting period?	Financial assistance only Technical assistance only Financial and technical assistance Does not apply
3.	What contribution(s) did [partnr1_projsite] make for the project during this reporting period? (select all that apply)	Epidemiological data collection, management, and reporting Facilitation of or participation in meetings, trainings, or workshops Laboratory testing Project coordination Sample collection Sample submission, including storage, handling, and transport Technical assistance to other project sites Work product development (e.g., SOPs, publications, etc.) Other (Please specify) Does not apply
	Please use this space to provide any additional information related to project implementation with [partnr1_projsite], including notable successes or challenges, during this reporting period.	Open-ended

SECTION 2: LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

Please answer the following questions based on [partnr1_projsite]’s laboratory activities for [recipname_bp4]'s Global AR Lab and Response Network project during the current reporting period. Do not answer questions based on future efforts.  

This section is only completed for laboratories or healthcare facilities with a laboratory. Recipients will complete this section for each individual laboratory or healthcare facilities with a laboratory site where the project is being implemented.

LABORATORY ACTIVITIES (Only asked of laboratories or healthcare facilities with a laboratory)
Q ID	Question	Answer options	Notes
1.	Does [partnr1_projsite] participate in a laboratory network or referral network7?	Yes
		No (à 1.a.)
		Don’t know
		Does not apply
	1.a.	If no, list barriers to [partnr1_projsite]’s participation in a laboratory network or referral network.	Open-ended
	Which of the following testing methods are routinely performed on the pathogen(s) of interest at [partnr1_projsite]? Select all that apply.	Culture
		Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST or ASFT) (e.g., E test, disk diffusion, broth microdilution)
		Phenotypic Testing (e.g., MALDI-TOF, VITEK 2, API, etc.)
		Genotypic Testing (e.g., PCR)
		Sequencing (e.g., WGS, short-read Illumina, long-read ONT, direct amplicon sequencing, NGS, etc.)
		Other (Please specify):_______________
		Unknown (à if only Unknown selected, skip to 9.)
For each test type selected above, please answer iterative subquestions a.-c.:
2-7.a.	Select testing methods performed on the pathogen(s) of interest for this project (Select all that apply)
	2.a. Culture – only in context of the pathogen(s) of interest	Candida spp. culture Enteric bacteria culture Invasive respiratory bacteria culture N. gonorrhoeae culture Other fungal culture Other bacterial culture Other (please specify): Unknown
	3.a. AST/AFST – only in context of the pathogen(s) of interest	Agar dilution; Broth microdilution (e.g. Sensititre); Disk diffusion; Gradient test/E test; VITEK 2 Other automated device (e.g. Phoenix, Microscan) Other (please specify):; Unknown
	4.a. Phenotypic – only in context of the pathogen(s) of interest	API (manual) Chromogenic Media (e.g. CHROMagar) Colormetric Tests (e.g. Carba NP, Blue-Carba) Lateral Flow Assay (e.g. Carba 5) MALDI-TOF (e.g. Bruker, Vitek MS) mCIM Serotyping VITEK 2 Other biochemical tests Other (please specify): Unknown
	5.a. Genotypic – only in context of the pathogen(s) of interest	Cepheid Xpert (e.g. Carba-R) Hologic Panther LAMP PCR RT-PCR/qPCR Other (specify):; Unknown
	6.a. Sequencing – only in context of the pathogen(s) of interest	What type(s) of sequencing are you doing? Direct Amplicon Sequencing Next Generation Sequencing Long-read sequencing Short-read sequencing Sanger Sequencing Whole Genome Sequencing Other, please specify
	7.a. Other – only in context of the pathogen(s) of interest	Please describe the testing method (Open-ended)
2-7.b.	What was the total testing volume for the pathogen(s) of interest for [testing method] during this reporting period?	Integer Enter 9999 if unknown
2-7.c.	How many personnel received training in [testing method] during this reporting period?	Integer Enter 9999 if unknown
Additional Sequencing only questions (6.d.-f.)
6.d.	What instrument(s) were used to sequence the pathogen(s) of interest?	Illumina Please specify machine: MiniSeq MiSeq NextSeq Other, please specify: Pacific Bio (PacBio) Please specify machine: Onso Revio Vega Other, please specify: Oxford Nanopore Technologies Please specify machine: GridION MinION PromethION Other, please specify: Other, please specify
6.e.	How many personnel were trained to perform bioinformatic8 analysis of sequencing data for the pathogen(s) of interest during this reporting period?	Integer Enter 9999 if unknown
6.f.	Please name the bioinformatics pipelines that were utilized to analyze sequencing data for the pathogen(s) of interest.	Open-ended
9.	How are laboratory samples and data primarily managed?	Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) - please specify Microsoft Excel Paper Other – please specify Does not apply Unknown
10.	Was the [partnr1_projsite] participating in any EQA programs for the pathogen(s) of interest? (NOTE: answer yes even if EQA was provided separately from project)	a) Yes (à 10.a.)
		b) No
		c) Don’t know
		d) Does not apply
	10.a.	Describe EQA (organization[s] providing EQA; pathogens included; number of isolates or samples submitted; and frequency) List as follows: [Organization providing EQA], [pathogen(s) included], [number of isolates or samples submitted], and [frequency]; [Organization providing EQA], [pathogen(s) included], [number of isolates or samples submitted], and [frequency]; [Organization providing EQA], [pathogen(s) included], [number of isolates or samples submitted], and [frequency];	Open-ended
	Please use this space to provide any additional information related to laboratory activities with [partnr1_projsite], including notable successes or challenges, during this reporting period.	Open-ended

SECTION 3: SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE ACTIVITIES

Please answer the following questions based on [partnr1_projsite]’s surveillance and response activities for [recipname_bp4]'s Global AR Lab and Response Network project during the current reporting period. Do not answer questions based on future efforts.  

SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE ACTIVITIES
Q ID	Question	Answer options	Notes
1.	Were epidemiological data elements collected with samples tested as part of this project?	Yes (à 1.a.)
		No (à 1.b.)
		Don’t know
	1.a. If yes,	Describe what data elements were being collected and, if applicable, how they were used for public health decision-making.	(Open-ended)
	1.b. If no,	List the barriers to collecting epidemiological data elements at this site.	(Open-ended)
2.	Were the data (e.g. laboratory, epidemiological, etc.) collected for this project submitted to subnational, national, or global databases? (select all that apply)	Global (à 2.a.) National (à 2.b.) Subnational (à 2.c.) Other (à 2.d.) Not submitted to a database (à 2.e.) Does not apply Don’t Know
	2.a.-d.	Sub-questions i. and ii. will iteratively repeat for each of the selections above a-d.
		i. How often were data submitted to the database(s)	a) Daily b) Weekly c) Bi-weekly d) Quarterly e) Annually f) Other (please specify):
		ii. Please list and describe database(s) that data were repoted to (Open-ended) List as follows: [Name of database]; [Description of database] [Name of database]; [Description of database] [Name of database]; [Description of database]
	2.e.	If no, list any barriers to data submission or sharing.	(Open-ended)
3.	Did any findings from [partnr1_projsite] lead to an alert9 notification during this reporting period?	Yes (à 3.a.) No Don’t know Does not apply
	3.a.	If yes, describe the alert, including why an alert was needed, entities and levels of health system involved, and how data were shared. List as follows: [Alert 1: description and justification], [level(s) of health system involved[, [entities involved], and [describe how data were shared]; [Alert2: description and justification], [level(s) of health system involved[, [entities involved], and [describe how data were shared];	(Open-ended)
4.	Did any findings from [partnr1_projsite] lead to the detection of an outbreak that required a response10?	Yes (à 4.a. & 4.b.) No Don’t know Does not apply
	4.a.	What level(s) of the health system were involved in the response? (select all that apply) Global National Subnational Other Don’t Know
	4.b.	Describe the outbreak and response activities, including entities and levels of health system involved. List as follows: [Outbreak 1: description of outbreak and response activities], [entities involved], and [level(s) of health system involved] [Outbreak 2: description of outbreak and response activities], [entities involved], and [level(s) of health system involved]	(Open-ended)
	Please use this space to provide any additional information related to surveillance and response activities with [partnr1_projsite], including notable successes or challenges, during this reporting period.	Open-ended

-----------------------------------------------END OF FORM 2------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------END OF PM TOOL------------------------------------------------------------------

1 Implementation: The execution or practice of a plan, a method, or any design, idea, model, specification, standard or policy for doing something. As such, implementation is the action that must follow any preliminary thinking for something to happen.

2 National Reference Laboratory (NRL): A laboratory that accepts samples from across a country and often tests specimens that are referred to it by lower tier laboratories. Within an AR surveillance system, NRLs promote good laboratory practices and support other laboratories.

3 National Coordinating Centre: An entity that establishes and oversees the national surveillance programme, gathers national antimicrobial resistance data, and communicates with Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) via a national focal point

4 Review: SMEs provided feedback or help on major products developed through this project? This question aims to understand collaborative relationship between CDC SMEs and recipients

5 CDC-supported: any training activities or opportunities related to the implementation of the Global AR Lab and Response Network where CDC provided financial or technical support.

6 We are defining the term “partners” broadly to include all entities that the recipient regularly collaborates with or engages as part of the activities for this project. This can include national and sub-national level government ministries; individual healthcare facilities, hospitals and/or individual laboratories; academic partners; other non-governmental organizations (NGOs); etc.).

Examples: Country X MoH; Local hospital; Private laboratory; etc.

7 Laboratory network or referral network: Defined here as a coordinated system that allows a health facility or laboratory lacking capacity to perform test(s) to safely send a patient’s specimen to another or higher-level laboratory with capacity to perform the requested test(s)

8 Bioinformatics: the science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data.

9 Alert: Any newly detected** antimicrobial resistance findings that may influence surveillance and control practices.

** Examples of newly detected antimicrobial resistance include: 

1. Exceptional phenotypes that have not previously been reported or are very rare; and

2. Novel resistance genotypes that are associated with mechanisms of resistance that have a high public health impact (i.e., high potential for spread and health impact) or pose serious challenges in laboratory detection and surveillance 

Source:  GLASS Emerging antimicrobial resistance reporting framework (GLASS-EAR)

10 Outbreak response: organized efforts taken to manage and control an outbreak of disease to minimize spread and impact ranging from initial data sharing and deployment of IPC measures to coordination of response with relevant entities, etc.