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pdfUnited States
Department of
Agriculture
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service
Small Grains
2023 Summary
September 2023
ISSN: 1949-162X
All wheat production totaled 1.81 billion bushels in 2023, up 10 percent from the 2022 total of 1.65 billion bushels. Area
harvested for grain totaled 37.3 million acres, up 5 percent from the previous year. The United States yield was estimated
at 48.6 bushels per acre, up 2.1 bushels from the previous year. The levels of production and changes from 2022 by type
were: winter wheat, 1.25 billion bushels, up 13 percent; other spring wheat, 505 million bushels, up 5 percent; and
Durum wheat, 59.3 million bushels, down 7 percent.
Oat production was estimated at 57.0 million bushels, down 1 percent from 2022. Yield was estimated at 68.6 bushels per
acre, up 3.8 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at 831 thousand acres, was 7 percent below last year.
Barley: Production was estimated at 185 million bushels, up 6 percent from the 2022 total of 175 million bushels. The
average yield, at 72.4 bushels per acre, was up 0.8 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 3.10 million acres in
2023, up 5 percent from 2022. Harvested area, at 2.56 million acres, was up 4 percent from 2022.
This report was approved on September 29, 2023.
Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Seth Meyer
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons
3
Contents
Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023 .......................................... 6
Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023 ..................................... 8
All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023.............................. 10
Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023........................ 12
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023 .............. 14
Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023 ....................... 15
Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2021-2023 ...................................................................................................... 15
Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class – States: 2022 and 2023............................................................................ 16
Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class – States: 2022 and 2023 .................................. 17
Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2019-2023 ................................................................................... 18
Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023 ........................................ 19
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic
Units – United States: 2022-2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units –
United States: 2022-2023 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Statistical Methodology......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
4
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
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Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
5
Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023
State
Area planted 1
2021
2022
(1,000 acres)
Area harvested
2023
(1,000 acres)
2021
(1,000 acres)
2022
(1,000 acres)
2023
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
Arkansas ................................
California ...............................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................
Iowa .......................................
Kansas ...................................
Maine .....................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
10
100
80
50
60
130
115
22
55
180
10
105
75
50
60
130
110
26
50
200
8
90
55
45
55
190
185
22
50
165
6
5
20
13
15
52
20
19
20
77
6
6
15
16
10
40
25
24
30
140
5
5
15
12
17
95
30
21
25
87
Missouri .................................
Montana .................................
Nebraska ...............................
New York ...............................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................
Oregon ...................................
Pennsylvania .........................
50
60
120
55
33
355
45
80
15
85
45
85
125
68
40
345
50
50
20
87
32
65
155
61
37
280
40
140
20
70
15
16
26
29
14
83
20
6
6
36
8
24
18
51
11
190
15
17
8
61
9
22
24
44
14
105
15
13
12
47
South Dakota .........................
Texas .....................................
Wisconsin ..............................
215
460
175
260
450
140
265
390
135
56
35
61
75
35
65
69
70
75
United States .........................
2,550
2,581
2,555
650
890
See footnote(s) at end of table.
6
831
--continued
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2021-2023 (continued)
State
Yield
2021
Production
2022
(bushels)
2023
(bushels)
2021
(bushels)
2022
(1,000 bushels)
2023
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
Arkansas ...............................
California ...............................
Georgia .................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Iowa .......................................
Kansas ..................................
Maine ....................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
90.0
65.0
70.0
72.0
83.0
77.0
50.0
78.0
63.0
57.0
61.0
65.0
51.0
64.0
83.0
80.0
41.0
86.0
61.0
59.0
62.0
75.0
61.0
91.0
90.0
80.0
66.0
62.0
66.0
77.0
540
325
1,400
936
1,245
4,004
1,000
1,482
1,260
4,389
366
390
765
1,024
830
3,200
1,025
2,064
1,830
8,260
310
375
915
1,092
1,530
7,600
1,980
1,302
1,650
6,699
Missouri .................................
Montana ................................
Nebraska ...............................
New York ...............................
North Carolina .......................
North Dakota .........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania .........................
60.0
35.0
56.0
68.0
68.0
48.0
67.0
45.0
62.0
65.0
52.0
38.0
51.0
54.0
77.0
71.0
70.0
20.0
105.0
59.0
68.0
37.0
53.0
60.0
77.0
76.0
76.0
60.0
79.0
61.0
900
560
1,456
1,972
952
3,984
1,340
270
372
2,340
416
912
918
2,754
847
13,490
1,050
340
840
3,599
612
814
1,272
2,640
1,078
7,980
1,140
780
948
2,867
South Dakota .........................
Texas ....................................
Wisconsin ..............................
67.0
45.0
62.0
80.0
55.0
74.0
74.0
54.0
61.0
3,752
1,575
3,782
6,000
1,925
4,810
5,106
3,780
4,575
United States .........................
61.3
64.8
68.6
39,836
57,655
57,045
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
7
Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023
State
Area planted 1
Area harvested
2021
2022
2023
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
Alaska .................................
Arizona ...............................
California ............................
Colorado .............................
Delaware ............................
Idaho ...................................
Kansas ................................
Maine ..................................
Maryland .............................
Michigan .............................
6
18
40
52
21
530
14
12
33
10
6
17
40
61
21
560
15
11
28
9
7
17
40
54
21
570
16
11
31
7
5
16
13
47
14
500
4
10
18
8
5
16
19
40
16
540
5
10
16
8
6
15
19
51
12
540
5
9
13
6
Minnesota ...........................
Montana ..............................
New York ............................
North Carolina .....................
North Dakota .......................
Oregon ................................
Pennsylvania ......................
South Dakota ......................
Utah ....................................
Virginia ................................
55
970
9
13
580
40
45
30
18
30
65
1,040
9
16
740
36
41
30
20
30
60
1,190
9
16
690
41
47
38
16
30
34
650
5
7
430
21
28
14
10
7
55
850
5
11
660
19
20
7
15
7
54
1,015
5
10
570
24
28
9
14
6
Washington .........................
Wisconsin ...........................
Wyoming .............................
83
15
84
72
14
78
95
12
83
70
7
72
60
3
59
84
2
58
United States ......................
2,708
2,959
3,101
1,990
2,446
See footnote(s) at end of table.
8
2,555
--continued
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2021-2023 (continued)
State
Yield
2021
Production
2022
(bushels)
2023
(bushels)
(bushels)
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
Alaska .................................
Arizona ................................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Delaware .............................
Idaho ...................................
Kansas ................................
Maine ..................................
Maryland ..............................
Michigan ..............................
51.0
125.0
63.0
111.0
75.0
89.0
66.0
82.0
75.0
50.0
42.0
133.0
55.0
111.0
87.0
111.0
33.0
65.0
82.0
50.0
38.0
132.0
75.0
131.0
95.0
112.0
29.0
45.0
96.0
60.0
255
2,000
819
5,217
1,050
44,500
264
820
1,350
400
210
2,128
1,045
4,440
1,392
59,940
165
650
1,312
400
228
1,980
1,425
6,681
1,140
60,480
145
405
1,248
360
Minnesota ............................
Montana ..............................
New York .............................
North Carolina .....................
North Dakota .......................
Oregon ................................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Dakota .......................
Utah .....................................
Virginia ................................
55.0
38.0
63.0
70.0
51.0
32.0
80.0
20.0
81.0
75.0
72.0
41.0
61.0
69.0
73.0
55.0
67.0
54.0
82.0
86.0
74.0
49.0
65.0
76.0
71.0
33.0
81.0
52.0
73.0
83.0
1,870
24,700
315
490
21,930
672
2,240
280
810
525
3,960
34,850
305
759
48,180
1,045
1,340
378
1,230
602
3,996
49,735
325
760
40,470
792
2,268
468
1,022
498
Washington .........................
Wisconsin ............................
Wyoming .............................
38.0
53.0
91.0
84.0
55.0
93.0
53.0
63.0
104.0
2,660
371
6,552
5,040
165
5,487
4,452
126
6,032
United States .......................
60.3
71.6
72.4
120,090
175,023
185,036
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
9
All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023
State
Area planted 1
Area harvested
2021
2022
2023
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
Alabama ................................
Arizona ..................................
Arkansas ................................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................
Indiana ...................................
175
60
210
385
2,200
60
220
1,227
670
340
180
85
220
390
1,950
80
200
1,157
650
290
205
38
230
338
2,300
80
195
1,170
840
405
110
59
145
110
1,880
35
110
1,132
610
270
120
84
150
105
1,430
54
100
1,077
560
240
145
37
165
97
1,820
69
85
1,035
780
335
Kansas ...................................
Kentucky ................................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................
Montana .................................
Nebraska ...............................
New Jersey ............................
7,300
510
345
610
1,210
95
640
5,520
920
23
7,300
530
355
460
1,250
100
630
5,460
980
26
8,100
610
340
600
1,300
120
780
5,255
1,130
34
7,000
350
160
560
1,160
70
490
4,530
840
16
6,600
375
170
415
1,210
75
410
4,915
820
22
5,750
460
195
560
1,260
95
600
5,025
880
32
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................
Oregon ...................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
380
155
450
6,470
580
4,400
720
270
125
1,520
360
140
480
6,195
510
4,300
730
270
120
1,580
405
150
480
6,610
650
4,550
740
280
110
1,660
80
125
345
6,090
515
2,950
705
195
100
1,290
90
100
375
6,135
465
2,450
715
210
100
1,440
85
120
400
6,530
590
2,450
725
230
95
1,350
Tennessee .............................
Texas .....................................
Utah .......................................
Virginia ...................................
Washington ............................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ................................
400
5,500
110
205
2,330
290
115
410
5,300
110
230
2,325
300
115
470
6,400
105
200
2,300
280
115
330
2,000
93
120
2,230
245
95
335
1,300
88
150
2,270
235
95
390
2,100
87
135
2,240
230
90
United States .........................
46,740
45,768
49,575
37,145
35,485
See footnote(s) at end of table.
10
37,272
--continued
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2021-2023 (continued)
State
Yield
2021
Production
2022
(bushels)
2023
(bushels)
(bushels)
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
Alabama ................................
Arizona ..................................
Arkansas ...............................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Georgia .................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Indiana ..................................
83.0
90.0
58.0
87.1
37.0
70.0
56.0
67.6
79.0
85.0
72.0
114.0
53.0
85.3
25.0
76.0
58.0
86.8
79.0
81.0
75.0
103.0
57.0
86.0
41.0
92.0
55.0
86.1
87.0
92.0
9,130
5,310
8,410
9,580
69,560
2,450
6,160
76,534
48,190
22,950
8,640
9,576
7,950
8,960
35,750
4,104
5,800
93,515
44,240
19,440
10,875
3,811
9,405
8,338
74,620
6,348
4,675
89,110
67,860
30,820
Kansas ..................................
Kentucky ................................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................
Montana ................................
Nebraska ...............................
New Jersey ............................
52.0
87.0
79.0
81.0
48.0
59.0
65.0
22.2
49.0
67.0
37.0
80.0
78.0
83.0
61.0
52.0
60.0
28.3
32.0
70.0
35.0
88.0
85.0
83.0
62.0
52.0
70.0
37.2
42.0
82.0
364,000
30,450
12,640
45,360
55,680
4,130
31,850
100,610
41,160
1,072
244,200
30,000
13,260
34,445
73,810
3,900
24,600
139,300
26,240
1,540
201,250
40,480
16,575
46,480
78,120
4,940
42,000
186,705
36,960
2,624
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
North Carolina .......................
North Dakota .........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
36.0
77.0
56.0
32.2
85.0
39.0
45.0
77.0
53.0
34.0
17.0
72.0
64.0
48.9
79.0
28.0
68.0
73.0
57.0
50.0
11.0
81.0
70.0
47.1
90.0
28.0
56.0
76.0
58.0
45.1
2,880
9,625
19,320
196,195
43,775
115,050
31,725
15,015
5,300
43,800
1,530
7,200
24,000
299,900
36,735
68,600
48,620
15,330
5,700
72,040
935
9,720
28,000
307,845
53,100
68,600
40,600
17,480
5,510
60,850
Tennessee .............................
Texas ....................................
Utah .......................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ...............................
71.0
37.0
46.0
67.0
39.1
75.0
32.0
73.0
30.0
36.0
68.0
63.4
78.0
17.0
80.0
37.0
53.0
78.0
50.5
76.0
30.0
23,430
74,000
4,278
8,040
87,180
18,375
3,040
24,455
39,000
3,168
10,200
144,020
18,330
1,615
31,200
77,700
4,611
10,530
113,120
17,480
2,700
United States .........................
44.3
46.5
48.6
1,646,254
1,649,713
1,811,977
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
11
Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2021-2023
State
Area planted 1
2021
2022
(1,000 acres)
Area harvested
2023
(1,000 acres)
2021
(1,000 acres)
2022
(1,000 acres)
2023
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
Alabama ................................
Arkansas ................................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................
Indiana ...................................
Kansas ...................................
175
210
360
2,200
60
220
710
670
340
7,300
180
220
350
1,950
80
200
770
650
290
7,300
205
230
320
2,300
80
195
750
840
405
8,100
110
145
90
1,880
35
110
640
610
270
7,000
120
150
70
1,430
54
100
710
560
240
6,600
145
165
80
1,820
69
85
630
780
335
5,750
Kentucky ................................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................
Montana .................................
Nebraska ...............................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
510
345
610
95
640
1,950
920
23
380
155
530
355
460
100
630
2,050
980
26
360
140
610
340
600
120
780
1,850
1,130
34
405
150
350
160
560
70
490
1,730
840
16
80
125
375
170
415
75
410
1,800
820
22
90
100
460
195
560
95
600
1,680
880
32
85
120
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................
Oregon ...................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
Tennessee .............................
Texas .....................................
450
90
580
4,400
720
270
125
800
400
5,500
480
105
510
4,300
730
270
120
830
410
5,300
480
155
650
4,550
740
280
110
920
470
6,400
345
60
515
2,950
705
195
100
710
330
2,000
375
95
465
2,450
715
210
100
730
335
1,300
400
145
590
2,450
725
230
95
700
390
2,100
Utah .......................................
Virginia ...................................
Washington ............................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ................................
110
205
1,750
290
115
110
230
1,850
300
115
105
200
1,800
280
115
93
120
1,690
245
95
88
150
1,800
235
95
87
135
1,750
230
90
United States .........................
33,678
33,281
36,699
25,464
23,454
See footnote(s) at end of table.
12
24,683
--continued
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2021-2023 (continued)
State
Yield
2021
Production
2022
(bushels)
2023
(bushels)
(bushels)
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
Alabama ................................
Arkansas ...............................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Georgia .................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Indiana ..................................
Kansas ..................................
83.0
58.0
82.0
37.0
70.0
56.0
71.0
79.0
85.0
52.0
72.0
53.0
73.0
25.0
76.0
58.0
90.0
79.0
81.0
37.0
75.0
57.0
80.0
41.0
92.0
55.0
89.0
87.0
92.0
35.0
9,130
8,410
7,380
69,560
2,450
6,160
45,440
48,190
22,950
364,000
8,640
7,950
5,110
35,750
4,104
5,800
63,900
44,240
19,440
244,200
10,875
9,405
6,400
74,620
6,348
4,675
56,070
67,860
30,820
201,250
Kentucky ................................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................
Montana ................................
Nebraska ...............................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
87.0
79.0
81.0
59.0
65.0
31.0
49.0
67.0
36.0
77.0
80.0
78.0
83.0
52.0
60.0
33.0
32.0
70.0
17.0
72.0
88.0
85.0
83.0
52.0
70.0
51.0
42.0
82.0
11.0
81.0
30,450
12,640
45,360
4,130
31,850
53,630
41,160
1,072
2,880
9,625
30,000
13,260
34,445
3,900
24,600
59,400
26,240
1,540
1,530
7,200
40,480
16,575
46,480
4,940
42,000
85,680
36,960
2,624
935
9,720
North Carolina .......................
North Dakota .........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
Tennessee .............................
Texas ....................................
56.0
33.0
85.0
39.0
45.0
77.0
53.0
38.0
71.0
37.0
64.0
60.0
79.0
28.0
68.0
73.0
57.0
52.0
73.0
30.0
70.0
56.0
90.0
28.0
56.0
76.0
58.0
47.0
80.0
37.0
19,320
1,980
43,775
115,050
31,725
15,015
5,300
26,980
23,430
74,000
24,000
5,700
36,735
68,600
48,620
15,330
5,700
37,960
24,455
39,000
28,000
8,120
53,100
68,600
40,600
17,480
5,510
32,900
31,200
77,700
Utah .......................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ...............................
46.0
67.0
42.0
75.0
32.0
36.0
68.0
68.0
78.0
17.0
53.0
78.0
54.0
76.0
30.0
4,278
8,040
70,980
18,375
3,040
3,168
10,200
122,400
18,330
1,615
4,611
10,530
94,500
17,480
2,700
United States .........................
50.2
47.0
50.6
1,277,755
1,103,062
1,247,748
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
13
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2021-2023
State
Area planted
2021
2022
(1,000 acres)
Idaho ...........................
Minnesota ...................
Montana ......................
North Dakota ...............
South Dakota ..............
Washington .................
510
1,210
2,900
5,500
720
580
United States ..............
11,420
State
Area harvested
2023
(1,000 acres)
2021
(1,000 acres)
2022
(1,000 acres)
380
1,250
2,700
5,300
750
475
410
1,300
2,700
5,550
740
500
485
1,160
2,180
5,210
580
540
10,855
11,200
10,155
Yield
2021
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
360
1,210
2,440
5,260
710
470
395
1,260
2,670
5,520
650
490
10,450
10,985
Production
2022
(bushels)
2023
2023
(bushels)
(bushels)
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
Idaho ...........................
Minnesota ...................
Montana ......................
North Dakota ...............
South Dakota ..............
Washington .................
63.0
48.0
17.0
33.5
29.0
30.0
81.0
61.0
25.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
82.0
62.0
30.0
48.5
43.0
38.0
30,555
55,680
37,060
174,535
16,820
16,200
29,160
73,810
61,000
263,000
34,080
21,620
32,390
78,120
80,100
267,720
27,950
18,620
United States ..............
32.6
46.2
46.0
330,850
482,670
504,900
14
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2021-2023
State
Area planted
2021
2022
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
Arizona ..............................
California ...........................
Idaho .................................
Montana ............................
North Dakota .....................
60
25
7
670
880
United States .....................
1,642
State
Area harvested
2023
2021
(1,000 acres)
2022
(1,000 acres)
85
40
7
710
790
38
18
10
705
905
59
20
7
620
820
1,632
1,676
1,526
Yield
2021
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
84
35
7
675
780
37
17
10
675
865
1,581
1,604
Production
2022
(bushels)
2023
2023
(bushels)
(bushels)
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
Arizona ..............................
California ...........................
Idaho .................................
Montana ............................
North Dakota .....................
90.0
110.0
77.0
16.0
24.0
114.0
110.0
65.0
28.0
40.0
103.0
114.0
65.0
31.0
37.0
5,310
2,200
539
9,920
19,680
9,576
3,850
455
18,900
31,200
3,811
1,938
650
20,925
32,005
United States .....................
24.7
40.5
37.0
37,649
63,981
59,329
Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2021-2023
[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data]
Crop
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
Winter
Hard red ..............................
Soft red ................................
Hard white ...........................
Soft white .............................
749,878
360,697
20,303
146,877
530,966
336,146
10,647
225,303
601,017
449,017
14,142
183,572
Spring
Hard red ..............................
Hard white ...........................
Soft white .............................
Durum .................................
297,076
5,662
28,112
37,649
446,495
6,707
29,468
63,981
468,068
8,745
28,087
59,329
Total ....................................
1,646,254
1,649,713
1,811,977
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
15
Wheat Class Percentage Estimates
The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These
estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used
during the 2024 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State’s normal distribution, then
updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class.
Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class – States: 2022 and 2023
State
Hard red
2022
Soft red
2023
(percent)
(percent)
Hard white
2022
2023
2022
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
Soft white
2023
2022
(percent)
2023
(percent)
(percent)
Alabama ................................
Arkansas ................................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................
Indiana ...................................
Kansas ...................................
92
96
17
94
93
96
20
93
100
100
100
100
100
100
3
100
100
100
99
100
100
3
4
4
3
4
4
1
4
4
83
-
3
1
79
-
Kentucky ................................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................
Montana .................................
Nebraska ...............................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
1
1
100
94
100
5
1
1
100
94
100
6
100
100
63
100
99
100
94
100
100
68
100
99
100
93
6
-
6
-
36
1
31
1
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................
Oregon ...................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
Tennessee .............................
Texas .....................................
100
99
5
100
94
100
98
6
1
100
97
100
100
1
100
100
100
6
100
100
2
99
100
100
3
-
-
95
-
94
-
Utah .......................................
Virginia ...................................
Washington ............................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ................................
73
1
8
3
97
71
1
10
3
98
99
97
-
99
97
-
2
3
1
1
25
92
-
28
90
1
- Represents zero.
16
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class – States: 2022 and 2023
State
Idaho ............................
Minnesota .....................
Montana .......................
North Dakota ................
South Dakota ................
Washington ..................
Hard red
Hard white
Soft white
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
36
100
100
100
100
19
34
100
100
100
100
17
23
-
27
-
41
81
39
83
- Represents zero.
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
17
Winter Wheat Head Population
The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during
2023. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific
counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.
Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2019-2023
State
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
(number)
(number)
(number)
(number)
(number)
Colorado
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
49.3
50.8
50.8
43.0
42.7
42.7
49.9
46.8
46.8
40.8
39.7
39.7
41.5
48.4
48.4
Illinois
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
48.1
49.2
49.2
52.5
52.4
52.4
63.3
63.4
63.4
63.1
62.9
62.9
58.3
58.3
58.3
Kansas
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
46.9
47.2
47.2
45.3
45.4
45.4
51.4
51.4
51.4
40.7
40.7
40.7
37.3
38.5
38.5
Missouri
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
56.4
56.4
56.4
52.5
52.5
52.5
55.4
55.4
55.4
55.5
55.5
55.5
48.1
48.1
48.1
Montana
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
45.2
43.5
43.1
37.4
38.8
38.6
40.2
38.9
38.9
36.0
38.2
38.3
44.3
44.8
44.8
Nebraska
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
53.1
53.7
53.7
45.8
45.7
45.7
47.7
47.0
47.0
45.1
45.4
45.4
45.7
43.2
43.2
Ohio
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
52.0
53.0
53.0
64.1
63.9
63.9
66.7
66.5
66.5
55.1
55.0
55.0
57.9
57.7
57.7
Oklahoma
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.3
38.3
38.2
38.2
38.2
35.2
35.3
35.3
40.2
40.2
40.2
Texas
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
34.3
34.3
34.5
32.7
32.7
32.7
32.1
31.3
31.3
29.0
28.8
28.9
31.2
31.3
31.7
Washington
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
34.2
34.3
34.6
37.7
38.3
38.2
33.3
33.4
33.4
40.3
41.0
41.1
31.7
31.9
31.9
10 State
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................
44.0
44.1
44.2
42.1
42.3
42.3
45.5
45.0
45.0
40.6
40.8
40.8
39.7
40.7
40.8
18
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2021-2023
State
Area planted 1
Area harvested
2021
2022
2023
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
(1,000 acres)
Minnesota ...........................
North Dakota ......................
Oklahoma ...........................
Pennsylvania ......................
Wisconsin ...........................
57
88
250
185
270
70
110
265
190
230
75
96
260
185
240
11
36
50
15
20
28
60
50
17
20
22
63
45
18
15
Other States 2 .....................
1,283
1,310
1,437
162
166
159
United States ......................
2,133
2,175
2,293
294
341
322
State
Yield
Production
2021
2022
2023
2021
2022
2023
(bushels)
(bushels)
(bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
(1,000 bushels)
Minnesota ...........................
North Dakota ......................
Oklahoma ...........................
Pennsylvania ......................
Wisconsin ...........................
44.0
32.0
25.0
40.0
41.0
52.0
46.0
20.0
38.0
58.0
44.0
41.0
17.0
34.0
41.0
484
1,152
1,250
600
820
1,456
2,760
1,000
646
1,160
968
2,583
765
612
615
Other States 2 .....................
34.0
31.8
30.4
5,502
5,279
4,832
United States ......................
33.4
36.1
32.2
9,808
12,301
10,375
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
Other States include Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas.
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
19
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units –
United States: 2022-2023
Crop
Area planted
2022
(1,000 acres)
Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................
Crop
Area harvested
2023
2022
(1,000 acres)
2,959
2,581
2,175
45,768
33,281
1,632
10,855
2023
(1,000 acres)
3,101
2,555
2,293
49,575
36,699
1,676
11,200
(1,000 acres)
2,446
890
341
35,485
23,454
1,581
10,450
Yield per acre
2022
Production
2023
(bushels)
Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................
2,555
831
322
37,272
24,683
1,604
10,985
2022
(bushels)
71.6
64.8
36.1
46.5
47.0
40.5
46.2
2023
(1,000 bushels)
72.4
68.6
32.2
48.6
50.6
37.0
46.0
(1,000 bushels)
175,023
57,655
12,301
1,649,713
1,103,062
63,981
482,670
185,036
57,045
10,375
1,811,977
1,247,748
59,329
504,900
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units –
United States: 2022-2023
Crop
Area planted
2023
2022
2023
(hectares)
(hectares)
(hectares)
(hectares)
Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................
Crop
Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................
20
Area harvested
2022
1,197,480
1,044,500
880,200
18,521,850
13,468,490
660,450
4,392,910
1,254,940
1,033,980
927,950
20,062,510
14,851,720
678,260
4,532,530
989,870
360,170
138,000
14,360,420
9,491,600
639,810
4,229,010
Yield per hectare
1,033,980
336,300
130,310
15,083,610
9,988,960
649,120
4,445,520
Production
2022
2023
2022
2023
(metric tons)
(metric tons)
(metric tons)
(metric tons)
3.85
2.32
2.26
3.13
3.16
2.72
3.11
3.90
2.46
2.02
3.27
3.40
2.49
3.09
3,810,680
836,860
312,460
44,897,830
30,020,430
1,741,280
13,136,120
4,028,680
828,010
263,540
49,313,930
33,958,140
1,614,670
13,741,130
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Comments
Oats: Production in 2023 was estimated at 57.0 million bushels, down 1 percent from 2022. Yield was estimated at
68.6 bushels per acre, up 3.8 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at 831 thousand acres, was 7 percent below
2022. Record low acres were planted in California, Minnesota, Ohio, Texas and Wisconsin. Record low acres were
harvested in Georgia and Ohio. Record high yields were estimated in Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.
Nationally, oat producers seeded 49 percent of the 2023 acreage by April 30, five percentage points ahead of the previous
year but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-three percent of the oat acreage was emerged by May 14,
nine percentage points ahead of the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading of the oat
acreage advanced to 70 percent complete by June 25, eighteen percentage points ahead of the previous year and
8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Oat producers harvested 49 percent of the acreage by August 6,
five percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. At that time, harvest
progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average in 6 of the 9 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. Eighty-two percent
of the Nation’s oat acreage was harvested by August 27, three percentage points ahead of the previous year but
3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of September 10, ninety-five percent of the oat acreage was harvested,
1 percentage point ahead of last year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average.
Barley: Production was estimated at 185 million bushels, up 6 percent from the 2022 total of 175 million bushels. The
average yield, at 72.4 bushels per acre, was up 0.8 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 3.10 million acres in
2023, up 5 percent from 2022. Harvested area, at 2.56 million acres, was up 4 percent from 2022.
Record low planted acres were estimated in California, Michigan, New York, Utah, and Wisconsin. Record low harvested
acres were estimated in Wisconsin. Record high yields were estimated in California, Delaware, Idaho, Maryland,
New York, and Pennsylvania. Record low production was estimated in Wisconsin.
One percent of the Nation’s barley acreage was planted by April 9, nine percentage point behind the previous year and
7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers seeded 10 percent of the Nation’s acreage by
April 23, thirteen percentage points behind the previous year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By
April 23, emergence was evident in 1 percent of the Nation’s barley acreage, 2 percentage points behind the previous year
and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 86 percent of the barley acreage was sown by May 28,
three percentage points ahead the previous year but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of
the barley acreage emerged by May 28, five percentage points behind the previous year and 12 percentage points behind
the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation’s barley acreage advanced to 37 percent complete by July 2, three percentage
points behind the previous year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By July 30, barley producers
harvested 5 percent of the Nation’s acreage, equal to both last year and the 5-year average. Overall, 50 percent of the
barley acreage was reported in good to excellent condition on August 6, five percentage points below the same time last
year. By September 17, ninety-three percent of the barley acreage was harvested, 1 percentage point behind the previous
year and 2 percentage points behind of the 5-year average.
Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2023 totaled 1.25 billion bushels, up 13 percent from the 2022 total of
1.10 billion bushels. The United States yield, at 50.6 bushels per acre, was up 3.6 bushels from 2022. Area harvested for
grain was estimated at 24.7 million acres, up 5 percent from 2022. Record low planted and harvested acres were estimated
in Utah in 2023. Record high yields were estimated in Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri,
Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia for 2023. The eastern third of the
United States had better conditions than the rest of the country.
Compared with 2022, harvested acreage was up 2 percent in the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States, the
primary winter wheat-producing area. HRW production totaled 601 million bushels, up 13 percent from 2022.
In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, planted and harvested acreage increased from 2022. Coupled with several
States estimated record high yields, SRW production totaled 449 million bushels, up 34 percent from 2022.
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
21
White winter wheat production totaled 198 million bushels, down 16 percent from 2022. Harvested acreage was down
3 percent from 2022.
Seeding of the 2023 winter wheat acreage began in mid-September 2022 with 10 percent sown by September 11. By
October 9, producers had sown 55 percent of the intended 2023 winter wheat acreage, 3 percentage points behind the
previous year and 3 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, 26 percent of the winter wheat acreage was
emerged by October 9, three percentage points behind the previous year and 6 percentage point behind the 5-year average.
Emergence was at or behind the 5-year average in 16 of the 18 estimating States. Producers had sown 87 percent of the
intended 2022 winter wheat acreage by October 30, one percentage point ahead of the previous year and 2 percentage
points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting had double-digit advances in 8 of the 18 estimating States
during the week. Nationwide, 62 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by October 30, three percentage points
behind the previous year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Emergence was at or ahead of the 5-year
average in 8 of the 18 estimating States. Overall, 28 percent of the 2023 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to
excellent condition based on conditions as of October 30, compared with 45 percent at the same time the previous year.
Seeding of the 2023 acreage was at 96 percent by November 13, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and
3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting was complete or nearing completion (95 percent
or more) in 13 of the 18 estimating States. Nationwide, 81 percent of the winter wheat acreage had emerged by
November 13, one percentage point ahead of the previous year and equal to the 5-year average. Winter wheat emergence
advanced by 10 percentage points or more from the previous week in 9 of the 18 estimating States. Overall, 32 percent of
the 2023 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition for the week ending November 13,
two percentage points above the previous week but 14 percentage points below same time the previous year as the acreage
was entering dormancy.
As the acreage was emerging from dormancy, 28 percent of the 2023 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to
excellent condition, 2 percentage points below the previous year as of April 2. In Kansas, the largest
winter wheat-producing State, 16 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By
April 23, eighteen percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage was headed, 8 percentage points ahead of the previous
year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. On April 23, twenty-six percent of the 2023 winter wheat
acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point below the previous week and 1 percentage point
below the previous year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 14 percent of the winter wheat acreage was
rated in good to excellent condition.
By May 14, forty-nine percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage was headed, 3 percentage points ahead of the
previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. On May 14, twenty-nine percent of the 2023
winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, equal to the previous week but 2 percentage points
above the same time the previous year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State, 10 percent of the winter
wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition. By May 28, seventy-two percent of the Nation’s winter wheat
acreage was headed, 1 percentage point ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. As of
May 28, thirty-four percent of the 2023 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage
point above the previous week and 5 percentage points above the same time the previous year. In Kansas, the largest
winter wheat-producing State, 10 percent of the winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition.
Twenty-four percent of the 2023 winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 25, fifteen percentage points behind the
previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing State,
21 percent of the State’s winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 25, thirty-three percentage points behind the
previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 25, forty percent of the 2023 winter wheat
United States acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, two percent above the previous week and
10 percentage points above the same time the previous year.
Sixty-eight percent of the 2023 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by July 23, eight percentage points behind the
previous year and 9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing
completion in 8 of 18 estimating States. In Kansas, 87 percent of the State’s winter wheat acreage was harvested by
July 23, thirteen percentage points behind the previous year and 11 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
22
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Winter wheat harvest progress continued with advances of 20 percentage points or more from the previous week reported
in Colorado, Nebraska, Oregon, and South Dakota.
Ninety-six percent of the 2023 winter wheat acreage had been harvested by August 20, two percentage points ahead of the
previous year and equal to the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all
estimating States except Idaho, Montana, and Washington.
Other spring wheat: Production for 2023 was estimated at 505 million bushels, up 5 percent from the 2022 total of
483 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 11.0 million acres, up 5 percent from 2022. The United States yield was
estimated at 46.0 bushels per acre, down 0.2 bushel from 46.2 bushels per acre in 2022. Of the total production,
468 million bushels were Hard Red Spring wheat, up 5 percent from the 2022 total.
Seeding of the 2023 spring wheat acreage began in April. Twelve percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded by
April 30, six percentage points behind the previous year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of
April 30, Washington led the Nation in planting progress with 74 percent. By April 30, two percent of the Nation’s
spring wheat acreage had emerged, 3 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year
average.
As of May 14, forty percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 3 percentage points ahead of the previous year but
17 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Minnesota and North Dakota only had 3 percent and 2 percent seeded,
respectively. As of May 14, thirteen percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had emerged, 2 percentage points
behind the previous year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of May 28, eighty-five percent of the
spring wheat acreage was seeded, 15 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 1 percentage point behind the
5-year average. As of May 28, fifty-seven percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had emerged, 17 percentage points
ahead of the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
By June 25, thirty-one percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 24 percentage points
ahead of the previous year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty percent of the Nation’s spring wheat
was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percent below the previous week and 9 percent below the same time the
previous year.
By July 16, eighty-six percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 21 percentage points
ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-one percent of the Nation’s
spring wheat was rated in good to excellent condition, 4 percentage points above the previous week but 20 percentage
points below the same time the previous year.
By August 20, thirty-nine percent of the spring wheat had been harvested, 8 percentage points ahead of the previous year
but 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress was 13 percentage points or more, behind last year, in
Idaho, Minnesota and North Dakota. Thirty-eight percent of the Nation’s spring wheat was rated in good to excellent
condition, 4 percentage points below the previous week and 26 percentage points below the same time the previous year.
By September 3, seventy-four percent of the spring wheat was harvested, 6 percentage points ahead of the previous year
but 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest progress advanced 14 percentage points or more in 5 of the
6 estimating States during the week.
Durum wheat: Production for 2023 was estimated at 59.3 million bushels, down 7 percent from the 2022 total of
64.0 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 1.60 million acres, up 1 percent from 2022. The United States yield
was estimated at 37.0 bushels per acre, down 3.5 bushels from the 2022 yield. A record high yield was estimated in
California in 2023. Production in Montana and North Dakota, the largest Durum wheat-producing States, were up 11 and
3 percent, respectively, from 2022. Harvest was 88 percent complete in Montana and 68 percent in North Dakota by
September 10.
Rye: Production for 2023 was estimated at 10.4 million bushels, down 16 percent from the 2022 total. Harvested area
totaled 322,000 acres, down 19,000 acres from 2022. The United States yield was 32.2 bushels per acre and was down
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
23
3.9 bushels from 2022. Planted area totaled 2.29 million acres, up 5 percent from 2022, and was the highest since 1988.
Much of those acres were used as a cover crop.
24
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Statistical Methodology
Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain
acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 64 percent of the
2023 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to
randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number
of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each
month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the
sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss.
Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, or telephone, to obtain information on crop acreage, yield and
production for the 2023 crop year. Approximately 55,900 producers were interviewed during the first two weeks of
September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production.
Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for
reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather
patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written
analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and
the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report.
Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report
published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates
can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would
justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No
revisions will be made after that date.
Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to
sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer
survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield
indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample.
The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are
not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is
approximately 2.0 percent for winter wheat, 7.0 percent for Durum wheat, and 3.6 percent for other spring wheat. This
means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus
4.0 percent for winter wheat, 14.0 percent for Durum wheat, and 7.2 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could
be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and
surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 8.7, 7.2, and 11.7 percent,
respectively.
Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and
mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are
minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for
consistency and reasonableness.
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
25
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section ......................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Irwin Anolik – Crop Progress and Condition ................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Joshua Bates – Hemp, Oats, Soybeans ............................................................................................. (202) 690-3234
Natasha Bruton – Barley, Cotton System Consumption and Stocks, Grain Crushings.................... (202) 690-1042
David Colwell – Fats and Oils, Flour Milling Products ................................................................... (202) 720-8800
Michelle Harder – County Estimates, Hay ....................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
James Johanson – Rye, Wheat ......................................................................................................... (202) 720-8068
Greg Lemmons – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet ............................................................................... (202) 720-9526
Becky Sommer – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ..................................................................... (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................................... (202) 720-7369
Jennifer Van Court – Peanuts, Rice.................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127
26
Small Grains 2023 Summary (September 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
➢ All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov.
➢ Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”
box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.
➢ Cornell’s Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS’s and other agency’s archived reports. The
new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new
website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the
new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or
subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usdaesmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program
or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or
employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.
USDA Fall Data Users’ Meeting
Virtual Meeting
October 17 & 18, 2023
12:00 – 3:00 pm ET
USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) will hold a virtual meeting for users of U.S. domestic
and international agriculture data. NASS is organizing the 2023 Fall Data Users’ Meeting in cooperation with
five other USDA agencies – Agricultural Marketing Service, Economic Research Service, Farm Service
Agency, Foreign Agricultural Service, and World Agricultural Outlook Board – and the Census Bureau’s
Foreign Trade Division. Representatives will provide agency updates, answer questions, and listen to concerns
from data users.
Abbreviated Agenda
Day 1 – October 17
Agency Updates– All agencies
Focus on the 2022 Census of Agriculture - National Agricultural Statistics Service
The Use of Weather Information In Producing the WASDE - World Agricultural Outlook Board
NASS Historical Revisions and Estimating Program Review - National Agricultural Statistics Service
AMS Data Visualizations - Agricultural Marketing Service
Day 2 – October 18
Open Forum – All agencies
ERS Feed Grains Database: A comprehensive look at this valuable resource – Economic Research Service
Understanding Publicly Available Data from USDA-Risk Management Agency – Risk Management Agency
For registration details or additional information about the Data Users’ Meeting, see the meeting page on the
NASS website (https://www.nass.usda.gov/go/data_users).
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | Small Grains 2023 Summary 09/29/2023 |
| Author | USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service |
| File Modified | 2023-09-29 |
| File Created | 2023-09-29 |