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pdfQuarterly Hogs and Pigs
ISSN: 1949-1921
Released March 30, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
United States Hog Inventory Up Slightly
United States inventory of all hogs and pigs on March 1, 2023 was 72.9 million head. This was up slightly from
March 1, 2022, but down 2 percent from December 1, 2022.
Breeding inventory, at 6.13 million head, was up slightly from last year, but down slightly from the previous quarter.
Market hog inventory, at 66.7 million head, was up slightly from last year, but down 2 percent from last quarter.
The December 2022-February 2023 pig crop, at 32.1 million head, was up slightly from last year. Sows farrowing
during this period totaled 2.91 million head, down slightly from previous year. The sows farrowed during this quarter
represented 47 percent of the breeding herd. The average pigs saved per litter was 11.02 for the December 2022-February
2023 period, compared to 10.95 last year.
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs Inventory - United States:
March 1
Million Head
79
77
75
73
71
69
67
65
63
61
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
United States hog producers intend to have 2.93 million sows farrow during the March-May 2023 quarter, down
1 percent from the actual farrowings during the same period one year earlier, and down 3 percent from the same period
two years earlier. Intended farrowings for June-August 2023, at 2.97 million sows, are down 3 percent from the same
period one year earlier, and down 3 percent from the same period two years earlier.
The total number of hogs under contract owned by operations with over 5,000 head, but raised by contractees, accounted
for 51 percent of the total United States hog inventory, up 2 percent from the previous year.
Revisions
All inventory and pig crop estimates for March 2022 through December 2022 were reviewed using final pig crop, official
slaughter, death loss, and updated import and export data. The revision made to the December 2022 all hogs and pigs
inventory was 1.8 percent. A revision of 1.6 percent was made to the September 2022-November 2023 pig crop. The net
revision made to the September 2022 all hogs and pigs inventory was 0.4 percent. A net revision of 1.5 percent was made
to the June-August 2022 pig crop.
Records
Record highs for all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop and pigs per litter, by quarter, can be found on page 13.
This report was approved on March 30, 2023.
Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Cynthia Nickerson
2
Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Contents
Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter – United States: 2022 and 2023 ......................................... 4
Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter – United States: 2021-2023 .......................................................................... 5
Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – United States: December-November 2022 and 2023 ................. 5
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023 ............................................... 6
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023 .................................................... 6
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022 .................................................. 7
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022 ....................................................... 7
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022 ........................................ 8
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022 ............................................. 8
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022 ......................................... 9
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022 .............................................. 9
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: December-February 2022 and 2023 ............... 10
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: March-May 2021-2023 .................................. 10
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: June-August 2021-2023 ................................. 11
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States:
September-November 2021 and 2022................................................................................................................................... 11
Statistical Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates ................................................................................................................................. 12
Records by Quarter – United States: 1866 to Present ........................................................................................................... 13
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
3
Hogs and Pigs Inventory by Class, Weight Group, and Quarter – United States: 2022 and 2023
[May not add due to rounding. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Item
2022
2023
2023 as
percent
of 2022
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
March 1 inventory ....................................................................................
All hogs and pigs ..................................................................................
Kept for breeding ..............................................................................
Market ..............................................................................................
72,689
6,098
66,591
72,860
6,127
66,734
100
100
100
Market hogs and pigs by weight groups ...............................................
Under 50 pounds ..............................................................................
50-119 pounds .................................................................................
120-179 pounds ...............................................................................
180 pounds and over ........................................................................
20,105
19,030
14,988
12,468
20,059
18,975
14,973
12,727
100
100
100
102
June 1 inventory .......................................................................................
All hogs and pigs ..................................................................................
Kept for breeding ..............................................................................
Market ..............................................................................................
72,314
6,168
66,146
Market hogs and pigs by weight groups ...............................................
Under 50 pounds ..............................................................................
50-119 pounds .................................................................................
120-179 pounds ...............................................................................
180 pounds and over ........................................................................
20,903
18,691
13,827
12,725
September 1 inventory .............................................................................
All hogs and pigs ..................................................................................
Kept for breeding ..............................................................................
Market ..............................................................................................
74,125
6,152
67,973
Market hogs and pigs by weight groups ...............................................
Under 50 pounds ..............................................................................
50-119 pounds .................................................................................
120-179 pounds ...............................................................................
180 pounds and over ........................................................................
21,893
19,677
14,013
12,390
December 1 inventory ..............................................................................
All hogs and pigs ..................................................................................
Kept for breeding ..............................................................................
Market ..............................................................................................
74,399
6,144
68,256
Market hogs and pigs by weight groups ...............................................
Under 50 pounds ..............................................................................
50-119 pounds .................................................................................
120-179 pounds ...............................................................................
180 pounds and over ........................................................................
21,453
18,970
14,805
13,028
4
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Sows Farrowing, Pig Crop, and Pigs per Litter – United States: 2021-2023
[December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Item
2023 as percent of
2021
2022
2023
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
2021
2022
(percent)
(percent)
Sows farrowing ........................................
December-February .............................
March-May 1 ........................................
December-May 2 3 ................................
2,929
3,034
5,964
2,919
2,967
5,886
2,910
2,930
5,840
99
97
98
100
99
99
June-August 1 ......................................
September-November ..........................
June-November 3 .................................
3,050
3,049
6,098
3,062
3,052
6,114
2,973
97
97
Pig crop ...................................................
December-February .............................
March-May ...........................................
December-May 3 ..................................
32,059
33,233
65,292
31,947
32,635
64,582
32,058
100
100
June-August ........................................
September-November ..........................
June-November 3 .................................
33,944
34,123
68,067
34,096
34,231
68,326
(number)
(number)
(number)
Pigs per litter ...........................................
December-February .............................
March-May ...........................................
December-May ....................................
10.94
10.95
10.95
10.95
11.00
10.97
June-August ........................................
September-November ..........................
June-November ...................................
11.13
11.19
11.16
11.13
11.22
11.18
(percent)
11.02
(percent)
101
101
1
Intentions for 2023.
Actual farrowings for December 2022-February 2023 plus intentions for March-May 2023.
3
May not add due to rounding.
2
Monthly Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – United States:
December-November 2022 and 2023
[December preceding year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month
Sows farrowing 1
2022
2023
(1,000 head)
December ........................
January ...........................
February ..........................
March ..............................
April .................................
May .................................
June ................................
July ..................................
August .............................
September .......................
October ...........................
November ........................
979
994
946
1,020
975
972
1,023
1,040
999
1,045
1,013
994
Total ................................
12,000
1
Pig crop 1
Pigs per litter
2022
(1,000 head)
982
980
947
2023
(number)
10.94
10.88
11.02
10.84
11.06
11.10
10.95
11.14
11.31
11.18
11.21
11.26
11.08
(number)
11.07
10.84
11.15
2022
2023
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
10,718
10,810
10,419
11,054
10,787
10,794
11,211
11,592
11,293
11,686
11,358
11,187
10,872
10,625
10,561
132,908
Monthly values may not add to quarterly or annual totals due to rounding.
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
5
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023
[May not add due to rounding]
Breeding
State
Market
2022
2023
2023 as
percent
of 2022
2022
Total
2023
2022
2023
2023 as
percent
of 2022
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
(percent)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
Colorado ......................
Illinois ...........................
Indiana .........................
Iowa .............................
Kansas .........................
Michigan ......................
Minnesota ....................
Missouri .......................
Nebraska .....................
North Carolina ..............
140
590
250
900
155
110
530
420
430
800
140
660
260
900
145
115
500
450
385
790
100
112
104
100
94
105
94
107
90
99
450
4,710
4,000
22,200
1,715
1,080
8,070
2,930
3,170
7,200
440
4,690
4,040
22,500
1,705
1,125
8,400
2,800
3,165
7,210
98
100
101
101
99
104
104
96
100
100
590
5,300
4,250
23,100
1,870
1,190
8,600
3,350
3,600
8,000
580
5,350
4,300
23,400
1,850
1,240
8,900
3,250
3,550
8,000
98
101
101
101
99
104
103
97
99
100
Ohio .............................
Oklahoma ....................
Pennsylvania ...............
South Dakota ...............
Texas ...........................
Utah .............................
190
470
140
280
160
85
190
480
135
305
170
35
100
102
96
109
106
41
2,410
1,620
1,210
1,740
880
845
2,460
1,630
1,165
1,795
1,010
255
102
101
96
103
115
30
2,600
2,090
1,350
2,020
1,040
930
2,650
2,110
1,300
2,100
1,180
290
102
101
96
104
113
31
Other States 1 ..............
448
467
104
2,361
2,344
99
2,809
2,810
100
United States ...............
6,098
6,127
100
66,591
66,734
100
72,689
72,860
100
1
(1,000 head) (1,000 head)
2023 as
percent
of 2022
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: March 1, 2022 and 2023
[Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding]
Under
50 pounds
State
50-119
pounds
120-179
pounds
180 pounds
and over
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
Colorado ........................
Illinois .............................
Indiana ...........................
Iowa ...............................
Kansas ...........................
Michigan ........................
Minnesota ......................
Missouri .........................
Nebraska .......................
North Carolina ................
215
1,305
1,020
5,440
415
310
2,420
1,240
1,050
2,760
225
1,315
1,050
5,320
400
330
2,510
1,260
1,010
2,730
100
1,605
1,150
7,150
405
295
2,570
640
890
1,560
90
1,550
1,200
7,240
385
305
2,660
530
910
1,580
55
1,075
965
5,490
345
240
1,780
670
700
1,520
55
1,075
950
5,630
355
250
1,870
620
720
1,470
80
725
865
4,120
550
235
1,300
380
530
1,360
70
750
840
4,310
565
240
1,360
390
525
1,430
Ohio ...............................
Oklahoma ......................
Pennsylvania .................
South Dakota .................
Texas .............................
Utah ...............................
635
735
330
695
295
330
675
800
325
725
335
105
620
335
375
410
235
170
610
310
355
405
265
55
590
200
280
305
145
170
580
210
255
305
150
45
565
350
225
330
205
175
595
310
230
360
260
50
Other States 1 ................
910
944
520
525
458
433
473
442
United States .................
20,105
20,059
19,030
18,975
14,988
14,973
12,468
12,727
1
6
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022
[May not add due to rounding]
Breeding
State
Market
2021
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
2021
Total
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
2021
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
Colorado ......................
Illinois ..........................
Indiana ........................
Iowa .............................
Kansas ........................
Michigan ......................
Minnesota ....................
Missouri .......................
Nebraska .....................
North Carolina .............
155
650
260
910
175
115
540
425
450
820
135
620
250
940
155
110
520
430
420
820
87
95
96
103
89
96
96
101
93
100
505
4,650
3,940
22,790
1,775
1,095
8,260
2,825
3,050
7,280
385
4,630
4,050
22,060
1,765
1,070
7,780
2,770
3,080
7,380
76
100
103
97
99
98
94
98
101
101
660
5,300
4,200
23,700
1,950
1,210
8,800
3,250
3,500
8,100
520
5,250
4,300
23,000
1,920
1,180
8,300
3,200
3,500
8,200
79
99
102
97
98
98
94
98
100
101
Ohio .............................
Oklahoma ....................
Pennsylvania ...............
South Dakota ...............
Texas ..........................
Utah .............................
190
470
140
270
130
85
180
470
140
290
160
80
95
100
100
107
123
94
2,310
1,570
1,150
1,690
850
865
2,420
1,550
1,210
1,830
900
880
105
99
105
108
106
102
2,500
2,040
1,290
1,960
980
950
2,600
2,020
1,350
2,120
1,060
960
104
99
105
108
108
101
Other States 1 ..............
435
448
103
2,328
2,386
102
2,763
2,834
103
United States ...............
6,220
6,168
99
66,933
66,146
99
73,153
72,314
99
1
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: June 1, 2021 and 2022
[Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding]
Under
50 pounds
State
50-119
pounds
120-179
pounds
180 pounds
and over
2021
2022
2021
2022
2021
2022
2021
2022
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
Colorado ........................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ...............................
Kansas ..........................
Michigan ........................
Minnesota ......................
Missouri .........................
Nebraska .......................
North Carolina ...............
240
1,355
970
5,970
450
330
2,740
1,350
1,060
2,940
190
1,350
1,040
5,700
440
310
2,640
1,240
1,000
2,920
110
1,550
1,220
7,200
470
290
2,630
510
840
1,540
70
1,550
1,150
7,130
420
295
2,440
540
840
1,600
70
935
900
5,320
330
220
1,550
560
590
1,415
45
965
940
5,050
340
230
1,460
620
690
1,420
85
810
850
4,300
525
255
1,340
405
560
1,385
80
765
920
4,180
565
235
1,240
370
550
1,440
Ohio ...............................
Oklahoma ......................
Pennsylvania .................
South Dakota .................
Texas ............................
Utah ...............................
670
750
335
685
245
360
680
765
330
765
275
350
605
340
330
395
210
170
630
305
365
390
245
175
485
165
230
275
170
170
530
165
285
315
145
175
550
315
255
335
225
165
580
315
230
360
235
180
Other States 1 ................
904
908
509
546
445
452
469
480
United States .................
21,354
20,903
18,919
18,691
13,830
13,827
12,829
12,725
1
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
7
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022
[May not add due to rounding]
Breeding
State
Market
2021
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
2021
Total
2022
2021
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
(percent)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
Colorado ......................
Illinois ...........................
Indiana .........................
Iowa .............................
Kansas .........................
Michigan ......................
Minnesota ....................
Missouri .......................
Nebraska .....................
North Carolina ..............
150
660
250
900
165
115
530
420
460
810
125
590
250
930
160
110
510
430
410
820
83
89
100
103
97
96
96
102
89
101
510
4,740
4,050
23,200
1,885
1,115
8,270
2,980
3,190
7,490
375
4,660
4,100
22,670
1,770
1,090
8,290
2,920
3,140
7,480
74
98
101
98
94
98
100
98
98
100
660
5,400
4,300
24,100
2,050
1,230
8,800
3,400
3,650
8,300
500
5,250
4,350
23,600
1,930
1,200
8,800
3,350
3,550
8,300
76
97
101
98
94
98
100
99
97
100
Ohio .............................
Oklahoma ....................
Pennsylvania ...............
South Dakota ...............
Texas ...........................
Utah .............................
190
470
145
265
140
85
190
510
140
300
170
55
100
109
97
113
121
65
2,360
1,730
1,205
1,745
950
885
2,510
1,760
1,200
1,800
1,030
765
106
102
100
103
108
86
2,550
2,200
1,350
2,010
1,090
970
2,700
2,270
1,340
2,100
1,200
820
106
103
99
104
110
85
Other States 1 ..............
435
452
104
2,372
2,413
102
2,807
2,865
102
United States ...............
6,190
6,152
99
68,677
67,973
99
74,867
74,125
99
1
(1,000 head) (1,000 head)
2022 as
percent
of 2021
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: September 1, 2021 and 2022
[Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding]
State
Under
50 pounds
50-119
pounds
120-179
pounds
180 pounds
and over
2021
2022
2021
2022
2021
2022
2021
2022
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
Colorado ...........................
Illinois ................................
Indiana ..............................
Iowa ..................................
Kansas ..............................
Michigan ...........................
Minnesota .........................
Missouri ............................
Nebraska ..........................
North Carolina ...................
235
1,310
990
6,010
455
330
2,680
1,410
1,080
3,090
195
1,320
1,090
5,990
445
335
2,780
1,320
1,090
3,030
110
1,640
1,260
7,760
430
315
2,830
565
890
1,670
55
1,550
1,230
7,650
440
295
2,750
540
840
1,630
55
1,005
875
5,470
410
225
1,580
605
650
1,340
40
955
890
5,180
340
225
1,600
640
670
1,410
110
785
925
3,960
590
245
1,180
400
570
1,390
85
835
890
3,850
545
235
1,160
420
540
1,410
Ohio ..................................
Oklahoma .........................
Pennsylvania ....................
South Dakota ....................
Texas ................................
Utah ..................................
700
850
325
660
290
345
790
880
335
785
345
220
680
350
380
410
250
180
640
390
355
365
260
180
440
220
275
305
150
180
510
190
280
285
150
180
540
310
225
370
260
180
570
300
230
365
275
185
Other States 1 ...................
930
943
491
507
461
468
489
495
United States ....................
21,690
21,893
20,211
19,677
14,246
14,013
12,529
12,390
1
8
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Breeding, Market, and Total Inventory – States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022
[May not add due to rounding]
Breeding
State
Market
2021
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
2021
Total
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
2021
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
Colorado ......................
Illinois ..........................
Indiana ........................
Iowa .............................
Kansas ........................
Michigan ......................
Minnesota ....................
Missouri .......................
Nebraska .....................
North Carolina .............
145
590
250
920
165
110
550
420
430
810
145
660
260
920
165
115
490
430
400
800
100
112
104
100
100
105
89
102
93
99
475
4,810
4,100
22,980
1,825
1,050
8,350
3,030
3,220
7,190
385
4,790
4,190
23,080
1,745
1,135
8,310
2,870
3,200
7,400
81
100
102
100
96
108
100
95
99
103
620
5,400
4,350
23,900
1,990
1,160
8,900
3,450
3,650
8,000
530
5,450
4,450
24,000
1,910
1,250
8,800
3,300
3,600
8,200
85
101
102
100
96
108
99
96
99
103
Ohio .............................
Oklahoma ....................
Pennsylvania ...............
South Dakota ...............
Texas ..........................
Utah .............................
190
460
145
265
150
85
190
490
135
290
160
35
100
107
93
109
107
41
2,610
1,630
1,165
1,745
940
855
2,560
1,670
1,225
1,800
1,070
475
98
102
105
103
114
56
2,800
2,090
1,310
2,010
1,090
940
2,750
2,160
1,360
2,090
1,230
510
98
103
104
104
113
54
Other States 1 ..............
440
459
104
2,346
2,351
100
2,786
2,809
101
United States ...............
6,125
6,144
100
68,321
68,256
100
74,446
74,399
100
1
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Market Inventory by Weight Group – States and United States: December 1, 2021 and 2022
[Weight groups may not add to market inventory due to rounding]
Under
50 pounds
State
50-119
pounds
120-179
pounds
180 pounds
and over
2021
2022
2021
2022
2021
2022
2021
2022
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
Colorado ........................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ...............................
Kansas ..........................
Michigan ........................
Minnesota ......................
Missouri .........................
Nebraska .......................
North Carolina ...............
230
1,400
1,040
5,970
435
320
2,800
1,430
1,080
2,890
200
1,340
1,060
6,010
430
345
2,830
1,260
1,060
2,910
95
1,575
1,170
7,290
450
275
2,550
550
880
1,460
75
1,610
1,220
7,120
420
305
2,450
560
890
1,640
60
1,075
935
5,340
355
210
1,590
640
695
1,355
45
1,015
990
5,580
320
240
1,640
640
730
1,430
90
760
955
4,380
585
245
1,410
410
565
1,485
65
825
920
4,370
575
245
1,390
410
520
1,420
Ohio ...............................
Oklahoma ......................
Pennsylvania .................
South Dakota .................
Texas ............................
Utah ...............................
730
770
320
670
300
340
730
810
330
720
380
120
640
350
360
400
235
170
670
320
380
410
270
115
585
170
250
320
165
170
560
230
290
320
200
120
655
340
235
355
240
175
600
310
225
350
220
120
Other States 1 ................
869
918
555
515
459
455
463
463
United States .................
21,594
21,453
19,005
18,970
14,374
14,805
13,348
13,028
1
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
9
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States:
December-February 2022 and 2023
[December preceding year. May not add due to rounding]
Sows farrowing
State
2022
Pig crop 1
Pigs per litter
2023
2023 as
percent
of 2022
2022
2023
2022
2023
2023 as
percent
of 2022
(percent)
(number)
(number)
(percent)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
Colorado .......................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Missouri ........................
Nebraska ......................
North Carolina ...............
66
260
120
475
82
52
260
220
190
405
60
280
120
470
80
55
250
225
180
400
91
108
100
99
98
106
96
102
95
99
9.90
10.60
10.40
11.30
10.10
11.10
11.70
10.70
11.70
10.50
9.90
10.60
11.20
11.45
10.25
10.70
11.95
10.60
11.25
10.70
653
2,756
1,248
5,368
828
577
3,042
2,354
2,223
4,253
594
2,968
1,344
5,382
820
589
2,988
2,385
2,025
4,280
91
108
108
100
99
102
98
101
91
101
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Pennsylvania ................
South Dakota ................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
95
195
51
128
63
43
90
205
46
141
73
14
95
105
90
110
116
33
11.50
9.65
11.40
12.55
10.60
10.60
10.70
10.15
11.40
12.80
11.40
9.60
1,093
1,882
581
1,606
668
456
963
2,081
524
1,805
832
134
88
111
90
112
125
29
Other States 2 ...............
214
221
103
11.03
10.61
2,359
2,344
99
United States ................
2,919
2,910
100
10.95
11.02
31,947
32,058
100
1
Number of pigs born December-February that were still on hand March 1, or had been sold.
2
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: March-May 2021-2023
[May not add due to rounding]
Sows farrowing
State
2021
2022
Pig crop 1
Pigs per litter
2023 2
(1,000 head) (1,000 head) (1,000 head)
2023 as
percent
of 2022
2021
2022
(percent)
(number)
(number)
2021
2022
(1,000 head) (1,000 head)
2022 as
percent
of 2021
(percent)
Colorado ...................
Illinois ........................
Indiana ......................
Iowa ..........................
Kansas ......................
Michigan ...................
Minnesota .................
Missouri ....................
Nebraska ..................
North Carolina ...........
73
260
125
510
88
50
280
225
190
430
61
260
120
500
85
51
265
225
185
420
61
240
135
490
76
56
260
230
180
400
100
92
113
98
89
110
98
102
97
95
10.40
10.85
10.90
11.40
10.20
10.70
11.90
10.90
11.60
10.30
9.80
10.70
10.70
11.45
10.40
10.80
11.85
10.70
11.60
10.40
759
2,821
1,363
5,814
898
535
3,332
2,453
2,204
4,429
598
2,782
1,284
5,725
884
551
3,140
2,408
2,146
4,368
79
99
94
98
98
103
94
98
97
99
Ohio ..........................
Oklahoma .................
Pennsylvania ............
South Dakota ............
Texas ........................
Utah ..........................
91
210
47
131
68
45
90
200
50
135
61
45
96
200
46
141
79
17
107
100
92
104
130
38
10.40
10.10
11.40
12.50
9.30
10.60
11.30
10.20
11.50
12.70
10.10
10.70
946
2,121
536
1,638
632
477
1,017
2,040
575
1,715
616
482
108
96
107
105
97
101
Other States 3 ...........
211
214
223
104
10.77
10.76
2,275
2,304
101
United States ............
3,034
2,967
2,930
99
10.95
11.00
33,233
32,635
98
1
2
3
Number of pigs born March-May that were still on hand June 1, or had been sold.
Intentions.
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
10
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States: June-August 2021-2023
[May not add due to rounding]
Sows farrowing
State
2021
2021
2022
(percent)
(number)
(number)
2023 2
2022
Pig crop 1
Pigs per litter
2023 as
percent
of 2022
(1,000 head) (1,000 head) (1,000 head)
2021
2022
(1,000 head) (1,000 head)
2022 as
percent
of 2021
(percent)
Colorado ....................
Illinois ........................
Indiana ......................
Iowa ...........................
Kansas ......................
Michigan ....................
Minnesota ..................
Missouri .....................
Nebraska ...................
North Carolina ...........
72
285
130
505
88
53
265
220
200
430
65
270
125
510
85
55
265
235
185
430
60
240
135
505
78
55
260
240
175
410
92
89
108
99
92
100
98
102
95
95
10.50
10.90
10.70
11.40
10.80
10.80
11.80
10.70
11.65
10.70
10.10
10.75
10.85
11.65
10.95
10.90
12.10
10.70
11.25
10.85
756
3,107
1,391
5,757
950
572
3,127
2,354
2,330
4,601
657
2,903
1,356
5,942
931
600
3,207
2,515
2,081
4,666
87
93
97
103
98
105
103
107
89
101
Ohio ...........................
Oklahoma ..................
Pennsylvania .............
South Dakota .............
Texas ........................
Utah ...........................
104
200
49
128
69
46
95
220
48
144
81
32
97
205
47
140
83
16
102
93
98
97
102
50
11.20
10.90
11.50
12.60
11.10
10.60
11.40
10.20
11.60
12.60
9.40
13.80
1,165
2,180
564
1,613
766
488
1,083
2,244
557
1,814
761
442
93
103
99
112
99
91
Other States 3 ............
206
217
227
104
10.82
10.76
2,223
2,337
105
United States .............
3,050
3,062
2,973
97
11.13
11.13
33,944
34,096
100
1
Number of pigs born June-August that were still on hand September 1, or had been sold.
2
Intentions.
3
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Sows Farrowing, Pigs per Litter, and Pig Crop – States and United States:
September-November 2021 and 2022
[May not add due to rounding]
Sows Farrowing
Pig crop 1
Pigs per litter
2021
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
2021
2022
2021
2022
2022 as
percent
of 2021
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
(number)
(number)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(percent)
Colorado .......................
Illinois ...........................
Indiana .........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas .........................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Missouri ........................
Nebraska ......................
North Carolina ..............
70
255
130
525
85
50
295
225
195
415
60
285
130
515
81
56
280
225
190
415
86
112
100
98
95
112
95
100
97
100
10.50
10.70
11.10
11.45
10.80
11.10
11.55
11.20
11.70
10.90
10.10
10.75
10.90
11.55
10.90
11.10
12.00
11.20
11.50
11.15
735
2,729
1,443
6,011
918
555
3,407
2,520
2,282
4,524
606
3,064
1,417
5,948
883
622
3,360
2,520
2,185
4,627
82
112
98
99
96
112
99
100
96
102
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Pennsylvania ................
South Dakota ................
Texas ...........................
Utah ..............................
106
190
52
133
68
44
95
215
46
143
80
15
90
113
88
108
118
34
11.50
10.65
11.40
12.50
10.60
10.50
11.30
10.80
11.50
12.10
10.00
11.50
1,219
2,024
593
1,663
721
462
1,074
2,322
529
1,730
800
173
88
115
89
104
111
37
Other States 2 ...............
211
221
105
10.98
10.73
2,317
2,371
102
United States ................
3,049
3,052
100
11.19
11.22
34,123
34,231
100
State
1
Number of pigs born September-November that were still on hand December 1, or had been sold.
2
Individual State estimates not available for the 34 Other States.
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
11
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: A random sample of roughly 4,500 United States producers was surveyed to provide data for these
estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all hog and pig producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be included in the
survey. Large operations were sampled more heavily than small operations. During the first half of March 2023, data were
collected from about 3,000 operations. The data collected were received by electronic data reporting, mail, telephone, and
face-to-face personal interviews. Regardless of when operations responded, they were asked to report inventories as of
March 1, 2023.
Estimating Procedures: Hogs and pigs estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing
recommendations and analysis submitted by each regional field office. National and State survey data were reviewed for
reasonableness with each other and with estimates from past years using a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with
the previous inventory estimate, adds the estimates of births and imports, and subtracts the estimates of slaughter, exports,
and deaths. This indicated ending inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for
reasonableness.
Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve quarter to quarter relationships. Estimates for the
previous four quarters are subject to revision when current estimates are made. In December, estimates are reviewed from
all quarters of the current year, all quarters of the previous year, and December two years prior. The reviews are primarily
based on hog check-off receipts and slaughter. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Department of
Agriculture five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date.
Reliability: Since all operations raising hogs are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to sampling
variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in
reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly. They are minimized
through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and through a careful review of all reported data for
consistency and reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for
selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based on past performance
and is computed using the difference between first and final estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for hog inventory
estimates over the past 20 quarters is 1.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be
above or below the current estimate of 72.9 million head by more than 1.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the
difference will not exceed 2.6 percent.
Reliability of Quarterly Hog Estimates
[Based on data for the previous 20 quarters]
Item
Root mean
square error
(percent)
Difference between first and latest estimate
90 percent
confidence
level
Average
Smallest
Largest
(percent)
(1,000)
(1,000)
(1,000)
Quarters
Below latest
Above latest
(number)
(number)
All hogs and pigs ............................
1.5
2.6
874
190
2,500
8
12
Pig crop .........................................
1.9
3.3
510
14
1,502
12
8
Second intentions ......................
2.4
4.1
58
2
189
11
9
First intentions ............................
2.5
4.3
59
0
182
9
11
Expected farrowings
12
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Records by Quarter – United States: 1866 to Present
[This table provides data users with record high estimates of all hogs and pigs, market hogs, pig crop, and pigs per litter since each data series began]
Item
Estimate
Record high
Series began
(1,000 head)
(year)
(year)
All hogs and pigs ................................................
March 1 ..........................................................
June 1 .............................................................
September 1 ...................................................
December 1 ....................................................
75,164
77,664
78,583
83,741
2020
2020
2019
1943
1988
1964
1988
1866
Market ................................................................
March 1 ..........................................................
June 1 .............................................................
September 1 ...................................................
December 1 ....................................................
68,739
71,238
72,153
71,136
2020
2020
2019
2020
1988
1964
1988
1963
Pig crop ..............................................................
December-February1 ......................................
March-May ......................................................
June-August ...................................................
September-November .....................................
35,016
34,621
36,370
34,987
2020
2020
2019
2020
1970
1970
1970
1970
(number)
Pigs per litter ......................................................
December-February1 ......................................
March-May ......................................................
June-August ...................................................
September-November .....................................
1
(year)
11.02
11.00
11.13
11.22
(year)
2023
2022
2022
2022
1970
1970
1970
1970
December preceding year.
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to
contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov.
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ......................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ............................................................................................................ (202) 690-2424
Sherry Bertramsen – Livestock Slaughter ................................................................................................ (202) 690-8632
Ryan Cowen – Cattle, Cattle on Feed ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-3040
Donnie Fike – Dairy Products ................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3347
Anthony Fischer – Hogs and Pigs ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-3106
Mike Miller – Milk Production and Milk Cows ........................................................................................ (202) 720-3278
Suzanne Richards – Sheep and Goats ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-4448
Quarterly Hogs and Pigs (March 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
13
Access to NASS Reports
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employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov.
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | Quarterly Hogs and Pigs 03/30/2023 |
| Author | USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service |
| File Modified | 2023-03-30 |
| File Created | 2023-03-30 |