7 CFR 4288, Subpart B

7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
Advanced Biofuel Payment Program General Provisions

7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (Aug. 6, 2024)

This content is from the eCFR and is authoritative but unofficial.

Title 7 —Agriculture
Subtitle B —Regulations of the Department of Agriculture
Chapter XLII —Rural Business-Cooperative Service, Department of Agriculture
Part 4288 —Payment Programs
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 7 U.S.C. 1989.
Source: 76 FR 7926, Feb. 11, 2011, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart B Advanced Biofuel Payment Program General Provisions
§ 4288.101 Purpose and scope.
§ 4288.102 Definitions.
§ 4288.103 Review or appeal rights.
§ 4288.104 Compliance with other laws and regulations.
§ 4288.105 Oversight and monitoring.
§ 4288.106 Forms, regulations, and instructions.
§ 4288.107 Exception authority.
§§ 4288.108-4288.109 [Reserved]
Eligibility Provisions
§ 4288.110 Applicant eligibility.
§ 4288.111 Biofuel eligibility.
§ 4288.112 Eligibility notifications.
§ 4288.113 Payment record requirements.
§§ 4288.114-4288.119 [Reserved]
Enrollment Provisions
§ 4288.120 Enrollment.
§ 4288.121 Contract.
§§ 4288.122-4288.129 [Reserved]
Payment Provisions
§ 4288.130 Payment applications.
§ 4288.131 Payment provisions.
§ 4288.132 Payment adjustments.
§ 4288.133 Payment liability.
§ 4288.134 Refunds and interest payments.
§ 4288.135 Unauthorized payments and offsets.
§ 4288.136 Remedies.
§ 4288.137 Succession and loss of control of advanced biofuel facilities and production.
§§ 4288.138-4288.200 [Reserved]

7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (Aug. 6, 2024) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
Advanced Biofuel Payment Program General Provisions

7 CFR 4288.101

Subpart B—Advanced Biofuel Payment Program General Provisions
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301.
Source: 76 FR 7967, Feb. 11, 2011, unless otherwise noted.

§ 4288.101 Purpose and scope.
(a) Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to support and ensure an expanding production of advanced
biofuels by providing payments to eligible advanced biofuel producers.
(b) Scope. This subpart sets forth, subject to the availability of funds as provided herein, or as may be limited
by law, the terms and conditions an advanced biofuel producer must meet to obtain payments under this
Program from the United States Department of Agriculture for eligible advanced biofuel production.
Additional terms and conditions may be set forth in the Program contract and payment agreement
prescribed by the Agency.

§ 4288.102 Definitions.
The definitions set forth in this section are applicable for all purposes of program administration under this subpart.
Advanced biofuel. A fuel that is derived from renewable biomass, other than corn kernel starch, to include:
(1) Biofuel derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin;
(2) Biofuel derived from sugar and starch (other than ethanol derived from corn kernel starch);
(3) Biofuel derived from waste material, including crop residue, other vegetative waste material, animal
waste, food waste, and yard waste;
(4) Diesel-equivalent fuel derived from renewable biomass, including vegetable oil and animal fat;
(5) Biogas (including landfill gas and sewage waste treatment gas) produced through the conversion of
organic matter from renewable biomass;
(6) Butanol or other alcohols produced through the conversion of organic matter from renewable
biomass; or
(7) Other fuel derived from cellulosic biomass.
Advanced biofuel producer. An individual, corporation, company, foundation, governmental entity, school or other
educational facility, association, labor organization, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, group
of organizations, or non-profit entity that produces advanced biofuel. An entity that blends or otherwise
combines advanced biofuels into a blended biofuel is not considered an advanced biofuel producer under
this subpart. An entity that produces biofuel exclusively under a toll/bailment arrangement/third part
production contract is not considered an advanced biofuel producer under this subpart.
Agency. The USDA Rural Development, Rural Business-Cooperative Service or its successor organization.
Alcohol. Anhydrous ethyl alcohol manufactured in the United States and its territories and sold either:
(1) For fuel use, rendered unfit for beverage use, produced at a biofuel facility and in a manner approved
by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives for the production of alcohol for fuel; or
7 CFR 4288.102 “Alcohol” (1) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.102 “Alcohol” (2)

(2) As denatured alcohol used by blenders and refiners and rendered unfit for beverage use.
Alcohol producer. An advanced biofuel producer authorized by ATF to produce alcohol.
ATF. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives of the United States Department of Justice.
Bailment. The temporary placement of control over, or possession of property by an individual or entity, the
bailor, into the hands of another, the bailee, for a designated purpose upon which the parties have agreed.
For purposes of this Program any advanced biofuel produced by a toll producer of any form, or under any
form of third-party production agreement, is regarded/considered as produced under bailment and is
ineligible for payment; to either bailor or bailee.
Biodiesel. A mono alkyl ester, manufactured in the United States and its territories, that meets the requirements
of the appropriate ASTM International standard.
Biofuel. Fuel derived from renewable biomass.
Biorefinery. The term “biorefinery” means a facility (including equipment and processes) that—
(1) Converts renewable biomass or an intermediate ingredient or feedstock of renewable biomass into
any 1 or more, or a combination, of—
(i)

Biofuels;

(ii) Renewable chemicals; or
(iii) Biobased products; and
(2) May produce electricity.
Blender. A blender is a processor of fuels who combines two or more fuels, one of which must be an advanced
biofuel, for distribution and sale. Producers who blend one or more of their own fuels are not blenders
under this definition.
Certificate of analysis. A document approved by the Agency that certifies the quality and purity of the advanced
biofuel being produced. The document must be from a qualified, independent third party.
Commodity. Renewable biomass, other than corn kernel starch, used primarily for the purposes of this Program,
by advanced biofuel producers as feedstock from which to produce/derive advanced biofuel. Eligible
renewable biomass is organized into the following commodity categories:
(1) Title I grains and oilseeds including: Wheat, corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, and rice; sugars, and
starches (other than corn kernel starch); Soybeans, sunflower seed, rapeseed, canola, safflower,
flaxseed, mustard, crambe, sesame, and peanuts; as identified under Title I, Public Law 115-334, and
as determined by the Secretary;
(2) Other oilseeds and nuts including cottonseed, palm, camelina, coconut, and olive; and algae;
(3) A cellulosic commodity grown for energy purposes, such as, hybrid poplar and other energy trees,
switch grass and other energy grasses; cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin;
(4) Waste material, including crop residue/Stover, other vegetative waste material/orchard waste, animal
waste/manure, food waste/food processing waste, and yard waste/biodegradable solid waste/
organic matter;

7 CFR 4288.102 “Commodity” (4) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR 4288.102 “Commodity” (5)

(5) Fats, oils, and greases, derived from an agricultural product, including: Recycled fats, oils, and
greases, such as used cooking oil and reclaimed-industrial grade-distillers' corn/sorghum oil; tallow,
white grease, yellow grease, and other livestock renderings; and
(6) Any animal byproduct (in addition to oils, fats, and greases) that may be used to produce bioenergy,
as determined by the Secretary.
Contract. Form RD 4288-2, “Advanced Biofuel Payment Program Contract,” signed by the eligible advanced
biofuel producer and the Agency, that defines the terms and conditions for participating in and receiving
payment under this Program.
Derived. A process that creates a physical, and/or chemical, and/or biological change in renewable biomass/
feedstock.
Eligible advanced biofuel producer. A producer of advanced biofuels that meets all requirements of § 4288.110
of this subpart.
Eligible renewable biomass. Renewable biomass, as defined in this section, excluding corn kernel starch. See
also commodity.
Eligible renewable energy content. That portion of an advanced biofuel's energy content derived from eligible
renewable biomass feedstock. The energy content from any portion of the biofuel, whether from, for
example, blending with another fuel or a denaturant, that is derived from a non-eligible renewable biomass
feedstock (e.g., corn kernel starch) is not eligible for payment under this Program.
Enrollment application. Form RD 4288-1, “Advanced Biofuel Payment Program Annual Application,” which is
submitted by advanced biofuel producers for participation in this Program.
Ethanol. Anhydrous ethyl alcohol manufactured in the United States and its territories and sold either:
(1) For fuel use, and which has been rendered unfit for beverage use and produced at an advanced
biofuel facility approved by the ATF for the production of ethanol for fuel, or
(2) As denatured ethanol used by blenders and energy refiners, which has been rendered unfit for
beverage use.
Ethanol producer. An advanced biofuel producer authorized by ATF to produce ethanol.
Final Product. A product of a biorefinery that is ready for sale/distribution without further processing. For
purposes of this Program, an advanced biofuel is a Final Product eligible for payment if it is ready for
distribution and sale as a fuel.
Fiscal Year. A 12-month period beginning each October 1 and ending September 30 of the following calendar
year.
Flared gas. The burning of unwanted gas through a pipe (also called a flare). Flaring is a means of disposal used
when the operator cannot transport the gas to market or convert to electricity and cannot use the gas for
any other purpose.
Incremental production. The quantity of eligible advanced biofuel produced at an advanced biofuel biorefinery in
the fiscal year for which payment is sought that exceeds the quantity of advanced biofuel produced at the
biorefinery over the prior fiscal year.
Large producer.
(1) An advanced biofuel producer which in the prior fiscal year, produced more than:
7 CFR 4288.102 “Large producer” (1) (enhanced display)

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(i)

7 CFR 4288.102 “Large producer” (1)(i)

150,000,000 gallons of liquid advanced biofuel per year; or

(ii) 15,900,000 Million British Thermal Units (MMBTU) of biogas and/or solid advanced biofuel per
year.
(2) The amount of gallons and MMBTUs listed in paragraphs (1)(i) and (ii) of this definition include the
advanced biofuel production at all facilities, in the United States, in which the producer and/or its
parent company(ies) have a 50-percent or greater ownership.
Parent company. A company/corporation that has a controlling interest in another company/corporation, giving
it control of its operations. The company is deemed a subsidiary of the parent company.
Payment application. Form RD 4288-3, “Advanced Biofuel Payment Program—Payment Request,” which is
submitted by an eligible advance producer to the Agency in order to receive payment under this Program.
Quarter. The Federal fiscal time period for any fiscal year as follows:
(1) 1st Quarter: October 1 through December 31;
(2) 2nd Quarter: January 1 through March 31;
(3) 3rd Quarter: April 1 through June 30; and
(4) 4th Quarter: July 1 through September 30.
Renewable biomass.
(1) Materials, pre-commercial thinnings, or invasive species from National Forest System land and
public lands (as defined in section 103 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43
U.S.C. 1702)) that:
(i)

Are byproducts of preventive treatments that are removed to reduce hazardous fuels; to reduce
or contain disease or insect infestation; or to restore ecosystem health;

(ii) Would not otherwise be used for higher-value products; and
(iii) Are harvested in accordance with applicable law and land management plans and the
requirements for old-growth maintenance, restoration, and management direction of
paragraphs (e)(2), (e)(3), and (e)(4) and large-tree retention of paragraph (f) of section 102 of
the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6512); or
(2) Any organic matter that is available on a renewable or recurring basis from non-Federal land or land
belonging to an Indian or Indian Tribe that is held in trust by the United States or subject to a
restriction against alienation imposed by the United States, including:
(i)

Renewable plant material, including feed grains; other agricultural commodities; other plants
and trees; and algae; and

(ii) Waste material, including crop residue; other vegetative waste material (including wood waste
and wood residues); animal waste and byproducts (including fats, oils, greases, and manure);
and food waste and yard waste.
Sale. A transaction between two or more parties, typically a buyer and a seller, in which goods or services are
exchanged for money or other assets.
Sign-up period. The time period during which the Agency will accept enrollment applications.
7 CFR 4288.102 “Sign-up period” (enhanced display)

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7 CFR 4288.102 “State”

State. Any of the 50 States of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands,
Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of Palau, the
Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Third party production. Third party production involves outsourcing production processes to a third-party
company whereby the third-party company, hired to produce, is supplying the manufacturing process as
well as sourcing the raw materials/commodity feedstock. The contract producer is responsible for
manufacturing the product to specification and disposition/delivery requirements. For purposes of this
Program, any advanced biofuel produced under a contractual third-party production agreement is
ineligible for payment. A producer that is strictly a third-party contractor produces no eligible advanced
biofuel.
Toll producer. See also bailment. Toll production/manufacturing is an arrangement, where a company with
specialised equipment processes raw materials or unfinished goods for a different company. A toll
producer of advanced biofuels produces advanced biofuels for another company. For purposes of this
Program, any advanced biofuel produced by a toll producer of any form, or under any form of third-party
production agreement, is regarded/considered as produced under bailment and is ineligible for payment.
USDA. The United States Department of Agriculture.
[76 FR 7967, Feb. 11, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 71301, Dec. 27, 2019]

§ 4288.103 Review or appeal rights.
A person may seek a review of an Agency decision or appeal to the National Appeals Division in accordance with 7
CFR part 11 of this title.

§ 4288.104 Compliance with other laws and regulations.
(a) Advanced biofuel producers must comply with other applicable Federal, State, and local laws, including,
but not limited to, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section
504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, The Age Discrimination Act of 1975, the Americans with Disabilities
Act of 1990, and 7 CFR part 1901, subpart E. This includes collection and maintenance of race, sex, and
national origin data of the recipient's employee.
(b) Producers must comply with equal opportunity and nondiscriminatory requirements in accordance with 7
CFR 15d. Rural Development will not discriminate against an applicant on the bases of race, color, religion,
national origin, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, familial status, disability, or age (provided that the
applicant has the capacity to contract); to the fact that all or part of the applicant's income derives from
public assistance program; or to the fact that the applicant has in good faith exercised any right under the
Consumer Credit Protection Act.

§ 4288.105 Oversight and monitoring.
(a) Verification. The Agency reserves the right to verify all payment applications and subsequent payments
made under this subpart, as frequently as necessary, to ensure the integrity of the Program. The Agency
will conduct site visits as necessary.
(1) Production and feedstock verification. The Agency will review producer records to verify the type and
amount of biofuel produced and the type and amount of commodity/eligible renewable biomass
used.
7 CFR 4288.105(a)(1) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR 4288.105(a)(2)

(2) Blending verification. The Agency will review the producer's certificates of analysis and feedstock
records to verify the portion of the advanced biofuel eligible for payment.
(3) Certificate of Analysis. The Agency will review the producer records for quarterly payments to ensure
that each Certificate of Analysis has been issued by an Agency-approved qualified entity, which may
include the blender only if the blender is not associated with the biorefinery.
(b) Records. For the purpose of verifying compliance with the requirements of this subpart, each eligible
advanced biofuel producer shall make available at one place at a reasonable time for examination by
representatives of USDA, all books, papers, records, contracts, scale tickets, settlement sheets, invoices,
written price quotations, and other documents related to the Program that is within the control of such
advanced biofuel producer for not less than 3 years from each Program payment date.
[76 FR 7967, Feb. 11, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 71302, Dec. 27, 2019]

§ 4288.106 Forms, regulations, and instructions.
Copies of all forms, regulations, instructions, and other materials related to this Program may be obtained from the
USDA Rural Development State Office, Rural Energy Coordinator and the USDA Rural Development website at
https://www.rd.usda.gov/.
[84 FR 71302, Dec. 27, 2019]

§ 4288.107 Exception authority.
The Administrator of the Agency (“Administrator”) may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Agriculture, make
an exception, on a case-by-case basis, to any requirement or provision of this subpart that is not inconsistent with
any authorizing statute or applicable law, if the Administrator determines that application of the requirement or
provision would adversely affect the Federal government's interest.

§§ 4288.108-4288.109 [Reserved]
ELIGIBILITY PROVISIONS
§ 4288.110 Applicant eligibility.
Sections 4288.110 through 4288.119 present the requirements associated with advanced biofuel producer
eligibility, biofuel eligibility, eligibility notifications, and payment record requirements. To be eligible for this Program,
the applicant must meet the requirements specified in paragraph (a) of this section and must provide additional
information as may be requested by the Agency under paragraph (b) of this section. Public bodies and educational
institutions are not eligible for this Program.
(a) Eligible producer. The applicant must be an advanced biofuel producer, as defined in this subpart.
(b) Eligibility determination. The Agency will determine an applicant's eligibility for participation in this
Program. If an applicant's original submittal is not sufficient to verify an applicant's eligibility, the Agency
will notify the applicant, in writing, as soon as practicable after receipt of the application. This notification
will identify, at a minimum, the additional information being requested to enable the Agency to determine
the applicant's eligibility and a timeframe in which to supply the information.
7 CFR 4288.110(b) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.110(b)(1)

(1) If the applicant provides the requested information to the Agency within the specified timeframe, the
Agency will determine the applicant's eligibility for the upcoming fiscal year.
(2) If the applicant does not provide the requested information to the Agency within the specified
timeframe, the Agency will not consider the applicant any further for participation in the upcoming
fiscal year. Such applicants may elect to enroll during the next sign-up period.
(c) Ineligibility determination. An otherwise eligible producer will be determined to be ineligible if the
producer:
(1) Refuses to allow the Agency to verify any information provided by the producer under this subpart,
including information for determining applicant eligibility, advanced biofuel eligibility, and application
payments;
(2) Fails to meet any of the conditions set out in this subpart, in the contract, or in other Program
documents; or
(3) Fails to comply with all applicable Federal, State, or local laws.
[76 FR 7967, Feb. 11, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 71302, Dec. 27, 2019]

§ 4288.111 Biofuel eligibility.
To be eligible for this Program, a biofuel must meet the requirements specified in paragraph (a) of this section, and
must not be listed in paragraph (b) of this section, and the biofuel's producer must provide additional information as
may be requested by the Agency under paragraph (c) of this section.
(a) Eligible advanced biofuel. For an advanced biofuel to be eligible, each of the following conditions must be
met, as applicable:
(1) The advanced biofuel must meet the definition of advanced biofuel and be produced in a State;
(2) The advanced biofuel must be a solid, liquid, or gaseous advanced biofuel;
(3) The advanced biofuel must be a Final Product; and
(4) The advanced biofuel must be sold as an advanced biofuel through an arm's length transaction to a
third party.
(b) Ineligible fuels. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, for the purposes of this
Program, the following fuels, and as may be supplemented by the Agency through the publication of
documents in the FEDERAL REGISTER, are not eligible for payment:
(1) Flared gases;
(2) Fuels derived from paper milling and other processes commonly ascribed to wood products
manufacturing and generically referred to as “liquor” (e.g., black liquor, red liquor, brown liquor, white
liquor, green liquor, etc.), which typically are blended with diesel and burned as boiler fuel;
(3) Biofuels produced from solid eligible renewable biomass primarily by mechanical means, whether by
hand or by machine, such as collecting, baling, bundling, chopping, screening, and chipping of the
renewable biomass. Examples of ineligible biofuels that are not eligible advanced biofuels for the
purposes of this subpart include, but are not limited to, baled energy grasses, chipped or chunked
woody biomass, and chopped or split firewood; and
7 CFR 4288.111(b)(3) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR 4288.111(b)(4)

(4) Any advanced biofuel produced under bailment or third-party production contract and/or any
variation thereof.
(c) Eligibility determination. The Agency will determine a biofuel's eligibility for payment under this Program. If
an applicant's original submittal is not sufficient to verify a biofuel's eligibility, the Agency will notify the
applicant, in writing, as soon as practicable after receipt of the application. This notification will identify, at
a minimum, the additional information being requested to enable the Agency to determine the biofuel's
eligibility and a timeframe in which to supply the information.
(1) If the applicant provides the requested information to the Agency within the specified timeframe, the
Agency will determine the biofuel's eligibility for the upcoming fiscal year.
(2) If the applicant does not provide the requested information to the Agency within the specified
timeframe, the biofuel will not be eligible for payment under this Program in the upcoming fiscal
year. Applicants may elect to include such biofuels in the application form submitted during the next
sign-up period.
[76 FR 7967, Feb. 11, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 71302, Dec. 27, 2019]

§ 4288.112 Eligibility notifications.
(a) Applicant eligibility. If an applicant is determined by the Agency to be eligible for participation, the Agency
will notify the applicant, in writing, as soon as practicable after receipt of the application and will assign
the applicant a contract number.
(b) Ineligibility notifications. If an applicant or a biofuel is determined by the Agency to be ineligible, the
Agency will notify the applicant, in writing, as soon as practicable after receipt of the application, as to the
reason(s) the applicant or biofuel was determined to be ineligible. Such applicant will have appeal rights
as specified in this subpart.
(c) Subsequent ineligibility determinations. If at any time a producer or an advanced biofuel is determined to
be ineligible, the Agency will notify the producer in writing of its determination.

§ 4288.113 Payment record requirements.
To be eligible for Program payments, an advanced biofuel producer must maintain records for all relevant fiscal
years and fiscal year quarters for each advanced biofuel facility indicating:
(a) The type of eligible renewable biomass used in the production of advanced biofuel;
(b) The quantity of advanced biofuel produced from eligible renewable biomass at each advanced biofuel
facility;
(c) The quantity of eligible renewable biomass used at each advanced biofuel facility to produce the
advanced biofuel; and
(d) All other records required to establish Program eligibility and compliance.

§§ 4288.114-4288.119 [Reserved]
ENROLLMENT PROVISIONS

7 CFR 4288.114-4288.119 (enhanced display)

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7 CFR 4288.120

§ 4288.120 Enrollment.
In order to participate in the Program, a producer of advanced biofuels must be approved by the Agency and enter
into a contract with the Agency. The process for enrolling in the Program is presented in this section. Advanced
biofuel producers who expect to produce eligible advanced biofuels at any time during a fiscal year must enroll in
the Program as described in this section.
(a) Enrollment. To enroll in the Program, an advanced biofuel producer must submit to the Agency a
completed enrollment application during the applicable sign-up period, as specified in paragraph (b) of
this section. Applicants must be registered in the System for Award Management (SAM) prior to
submitting an application; which can be obtained at no cost via a toll-free request line at (866) 705-5711
or online at www.sam.gov/SAM. Registration of a new entity in SAM requires an original, signed, and
notarized letter stating that the applicant is the authorized Entity Administrator, before the registration will
be activated.
(1) Eligible advanced biofuel producers must submit enrollment applications during each sign-up period
in order to continue participating in this Program. If a participating producer fails to submit the
enrollment application during a fiscal year's applicable sign-up period, the producer's contract will be
terminated and the producer will be ineligible to receive payments for that fiscal year. Such a
producer must reapply, and sign a new contract, to participate in the Program for future fiscal years.
(2) Eligible advanced biofuel producers may submit an enrollment application during a fiscal year's signup period even if the advanced biofuel facility is not currently producing, but is scheduled to start
producing advanced biofuel in that fiscal year.
(3) The producer must furnish the Agency all required certifications before acceptance into the Program,
and furnish access to the advanced biofuel producer's records required by the Agency to verify
compliance with Program provisions. The required certifications depend on the type of biofuel
produced. Certifications specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (a)(3)(iv) of this section are to be
completed and provided by an accredited independent third party.
(i)

Alcohol. For alcohol producers with authority from ATF to produce alcohol, copies of either
(A) The Alcohol Fuel Producers Permit (TTB F 5110.74) or
(B) The registration of Distilled Spirits Plant (TTB F 5110.41) and Operating Permit (TTB F
5110.25).

(ii) Hydrous ethanol. For hydrous ethanol that is upgraded by another distiller to anhydrous ethyl
alcohol, the increased ethanol production is eligible for payment one time only. If the advanced
biofuel producer entering into this agreement is:
(A) The hydrous ethanol producer, then the advanced biofuel producer shall include with the
contract an affidavit, acceptable to the Agency, from the distiller stating that the:
(1) Applicable hydrous ethanol produced is distilled and denatured for fuel use according
to ATF requirements, and
(2) Distiller will not include the applicable ethanol in any payment requests that the
distiller may make under this Program.

7 CFR 4288.120(a)(3)(ii)(A)(2) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR 4288.120(a)(3)(ii)(B)

(B) The distiller that upgrades hydrous ethanol to anhydrous ethyl alcohol, then the advanced
biofuel producer shall include with the contract an affidavit, acceptable to the Agency,
from the hydrous ethanol producer stating that the hydrous ethanol producer will not
include the applicable ethanol in any payment requests that may be made under this
Program.
(iii) Biodiesel, biomass-based diesel, and liquid hydrocarbons derived from biomass. For these fuels,
the advanced biofuel producer shall certify that the producer, the advanced biofuel facility, and
the biofuel meet the definitions of these terms as defined in § 4288.102, the applicable
registration requirements under the Energy Independence and Security Act and the Clean Air
Act and under the applicable regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and
Internal Revenue Service, and the quality requirements per applicable ASTM International
standards (e.g., ASTM D6751) and commercially acceptable quality standards of the local
market. If a Renewable Identification Number has been established, the advanced biofuel
producer shall also provide documentation of the most recent Renewable Identification
Number for a typical gallon of each type of advanced biofuel produced.
(iv) Gaseous advanced biofuel. For gaseous advanced biofuel producers, certification that the
biofuel meets commercially acceptable pipeline quality standards of the local market; that the
flow meters used to determine the quantity of advanced biofuel produced are industry standard
and properly calibrated by a third-party professional; and that the readings have been taken by a
qualified individual.
(v) Woody biomass feedstock. If the feedstock is from National Forest system land or public lands,
documentation must be provided that it cannot be used as a higher value wood-based product.
(4) Applicants must submit the forms specified in this paragraph (a)(4) with the enrollment application
when applying for participation under this subpart and as needed when re-enrolling in the program.
(i)

RD Instruction 1940-Q, Exhibit A-1, “Certification for Contracts, Grants and Loans.”

(ii) SF-LLL, “Disclosure of Lobbying Activities.”
(iii) Form RD 400-4, “Assurance Agreement.”
(b) Sign-up period. The sign-up period is October 1 to October 31 of the fiscal year for which payment is
sought, unless otherwise announced by the Agency in a FEDERAL REGISTER notice.
[76 FR 7967, Feb. 11, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 71302, Dec. 27, 2019]

§ 4288.121 Contract.
Advanced biofuel producers determined to be eligible to receive payments must then enter into a contract with the
Agency in order to participate in this Program.
(a) Contract. The Agency will forward the contract to the advanced biofuel producer. The advanced biofuel
producer must agree to the terms and conditions of the contract, sign, date, and return it to the Agency
within the time provided by the Agency.
(b) Length of contract. Once signed, a contract will remain in effect until terminated as specified in paragraph
(d) of this section.

7 CFR 4288.121(b) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.121(c)

(c) Contract review. All contracts will be reviewed at least annually to ensure compliance with the contract
and ensure the integrity of the program.
(d) Contract termination. Contracts under this Program will be terminated in writing by the Agency. Contracts
may be terminated under any one of the following conditions:
(1) At the mutual agreement of the parties;
(2) In accordance with applicable Program notices and regulations;
(3) The advanced biofuel producer withdraws from the Program and so notifies the Agency, in writing;
(4) The advanced biofuel producer fails to submit the enrollment application during a sign-up period;
(5) The Program is discontinued or not funded;
(6) All of a participating advanced biofuel producer's advanced biofuel facilities no longer exist or no
longer produce any eligible advanced biofuel; or
(7) The Agency determines that the advanced biofuel producer is ineligible for participation.

§§ 4288.122-4288.129 [Reserved]
PAYMENT PROVISIONS
§ 4288.130 Payment applications.
Sections 4288.130 through 4288.189 identify the process and procedures the Agency will use to make payments to
eligible advanced biofuel producers. In order to receive payments under this Program, eligible advanced biofuel
producers with valid contracts must submit a payment application, as required under paragraph (a) of this section.
The Agency will review the payment application and, if necessary, may request additional information, as specified
under paragraph (b) of this section.
(a) Applying for payment. To apply for payments under this subpart for a fiscal year, an eligible advanced
biofuel producer must:
(1) After a quarter has been completed, submit a payment application covering the quarter;
(2) Certify that the request is accurate;
(3) Furnish the Agency such certification, and access to such records, as the Agency considers
necessary to verify compliance with Program provisions; and
(4) Provide documentation as requested by the Agency of the net production of advanced biofuel at all
advanced biofuel facilities during the relevant quarter.
(b) Review of payment applications. The Agency will review each payment application it receives to determine
if it is eligible for payment.
(1) Review factors. Factors that the Agency will consider in reviewing payments applications include, but
are not necessarily limited to:
(i)

Contract validity. Whether the entity submitting the payment application has a valid contract
with the Agency under this Program;

7 CFR 4288.130(b)(1)(i) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.130(b)(1)(ii)

(ii) Biofuel eligibility. Whether the biofuel for which payment is sought is an eligible advanced
biofuel; and
(iii) Calculations. Whether the calculations for determining the requested payment are complete
and accurate.
(2) Additional documentation. If the Agency determines additional information is required for the Agency
to complete its review of a payment application, eligible advanced biofuel producers shall submit
such additional supporting documentation as requested by the Agency. If the producer does not
provide the requested information within the required time period, the Agency will not make
payment.
(c) Payment application eligibility. The Agency will notify the advanced biofuel producer, in writing, as soon as
practicable after the payment application, whenever the Agency determines that a payment application, or
any portion thereof, is ineligible for payment and the basis for the Agency's determination of ineligibility.
(d) Submittal information. Unless otherwise specified in a notice published in the FEDERAL REGISTER, eligible
advanced biofuel producers must submit payment applications for this Program no later than 4:30 p.m.
local time on the last day of the calendar month following the quarter for which payment is being
requested. No payment applications received after the specified date and time will be considered,
regardless of the postmark on the application.
(1) Any payment application form that is received by the Agency after October 31 of the calendar year
for the preceding fiscal year is ineligible for payment.
(2) If the actual deadline falls on a weekend or a Federally-observed holiday, the deadline is the next
Federal business day.
[76 FR 7967, Feb. 11, 2011, as amended at 84 FR 71302, Dec. 27, 2019]

§ 4288.131 Payment provisions.
Payments to advanced biofuel producers for eligible advanced biofuel production will be determined in accordance
with the provisions of this section.
(a) Actual production. Participating producers will be paid on a quarterly basis for the actual quantity of
eligible advanced biofuel produced during the quarter. Payment for actual production will be determined
according to paragraph (d) of this section.
(b) Amount of payment funds available. Based on the amount of funds made available to this Program each
fiscal year, the Agency will allocate available program funds according to paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of
this section.
(c) Quarterly allocations. For each fiscal year, the Agency will allocate in each quarter one-fourth of the funds
identified in paragraph (b) of this section allocated for the entire fiscal year.
(d) Determination of payment rate. Each quarter, the Agency will establish an actual production payment rate
using the procedures specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) of this section. This rate will be applied to
the actual quantity of eligible advanced biofuel produced to determine payments to eligible advanced
biofuel producers.

7 CFR 4288.131(d) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.131(d)(1)

(1) Based on the information provided in each payment application, the Agency will determine the
eligible advanced biofuel production. If the Agency determines that the amount of advanced biofuel
production reported in a payment application is not supported by the documentation submitted with
the payment application, the Agency may revise the reported production to an amount that is
commensurate with the submitted documentation.
(2) For each producer, the Agency will convert the production determined to be eligible under paragraph
(c) of this section into British Thermal Unit (BTU) equivalent using factors published by the Energy
Information Administration (EIA) (or successor organization). If the Energy Information
Administration does not publish such conversion factor for a specific type of advanced biofuel, the
Agency will use a conversion factor developed by another appropriate entity. If no such conversion
factor exists, the Agency, in consultation with other Federal agencies, will establish and use a
conversion formula as appropriate, until the Energy Information Administration or other appropriate
entity publishes a conversion factor for said advanced biofuel. The Agency will then calculate the
total eligible BTUs across all eligible applications.
(3) For each quarter, the Agency will determine the actual production payment rate ($/BTU) based on
paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section. The rate will be calculated such that all quarterly funds for
actual production will be distributed, subject to the payment provisions specified in paragraph (e) of
this section.
(4) Using the actual production payment rate determined and the actual production for each type of
advanced biofuel produced at a biorefinery, the Agency will calculate each quarter payment for each
eligible advanced biofuel producer for that quarter.
(e) Other payment provisions. The following provisions apply:
(1) Notwithstanding any other provisions in this section, the Agency will provide payments to one or
more eligible advanced biofuel producers from a single eligible Commodity, including intermediate
ingredients of that single Commodity or use of that single Commodity and its intermediate
ingredients in combination with another Commodity, of not more than one-third of available program
funds in each quarter.
(i)

Payments to producers for advanced biofuel derived from a commodity listed in Title I grains
and oilseeds (as defined paragraph (1) of the defintion of commodity in § 4288.102), are
subject to the one-third limitation as tracked individually for each commodity. For example, with
respect to the Title I grains and oilseeds commodity—grain sorghum, all payments for the
quarter to producers of advanced biofuel derived from grain sorghum are tabulated and subject
to the one-third payment limitation. This is similarly true for each commodity listed under Title I
grains and oilseeds—barley, oats, rice, soybeans, etc.

(ii) Payments to producers for advanced biofuel derived from a commodity listed in paragraphs (2)
through (6) of the defintion of commodity in § 4288.102, inclusively, are subject to the one-third
limitation as tracked cumulatively with each commodity group. For example, with respect to the
commodity in paragraph (2) of the definition of commodity (other oilseeds and nuts including
cottonseed, palm, camelina, coconut, and olive and algae), all payments for the quarter to
producers of fuel derived from “other oilseeds, nuts and algae” are tabulated cumulatively (all
are tracked as “other oilseeds, nuts, and algae” whether olive, or coconut, or camelina, etc.) and
subject cumulatively to the one-third payment limitation. This is similarly true for the
commodity in paragraphs (3) through (6) of the definition of commodity.

7 CFR 4288.131(e)(1)(ii) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.131(e)(2)

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Agency will provide payments to large
producers of not more than five (5) percent of available program funds in any fiscal year. At any time
during the year, if the limit on payments to large producers would be reached, the Agency will prorate payments to large producers based on the BTU content of their eligible advanced biofuel
production so as not to exceed the limit.
(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Agency will provide payments to any eligible
advanced biofuel producer, that is not a large producer, of not more than eight (8) percent of
available funds in any fiscal year. At any time during the year, if the eight percent to the advanced
biofuel producer would be reached, the Agency will pro-rate payments based on the BTU content of
the eligible advanced biofuel production so as not to exceed the limit.
(4) Advanced biofuel producers will be paid based on the amount of eligible renewable energy content
of the advanced biofuels only if the producer provides sufficient documentation, including a
Certificate of Analysis, for the Agency to determine the eligible renewable energy content for which
payment is being requested, and quantity produced through such documentation as, but not limited
to, records of sale and calibrated flow meter records.
(5) Payment will be made to only one eligible advanced biofuel producer per biorefinery. If a producer
owns more than one facility, the Agency's tracking system will add all actual BTUs and calculate one
payment amount. For facilities owned by more than one producer, only one payment will be issued
per facility.
(6) Subject to other provisions of this section, advanced biofuel producers shall be paid any sum due.
(7) A producer will be paid only for the advanced biofuels identified in the enrollment application
submitted during the sign-up period and which are produced during the fiscal year. If the producer
starts producing a new advanced biofuel or changes the type of advanced biofuel during the fiscal
year, the producer will not receive any payments for those new advanced biofuels. However, during
each sign-up period, a producer may identify new advanced biofuels and production levels compared
to the previous year.
(8) When determining the quantity of eligible advanced biofuel, if an applicant is blending its advanced
biofuel using ineligible feedstocks (e.g., fossil gasoline or methanol, corn kernel starch), only the
quantity of advanced biofuel being produced from Renewable Biomass, other than corn kernel
starch, will be used in determining the payment rates and for which payments will be made.
[84 FR 71302, Dec. 27, 2019]

§ 4288.132 Payment adjustments.
The Agency will adjust the payments otherwise payable to the advanced biofuel producer if there is a difference
between the amount actually produced and the amount determined by the Agency to be eligible for payment.

§ 4288.133 Payment liability.
Any payment, or portion thereof, made under this subpart shall be made without regard to questions of title under
State law and without regard to any claim or lien against the advanced biofuel, or proceeds thereof, in favor of the
owner or any other creditor except agencies of the U.S. Government.

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.134

§ 4288.134 Refunds and interest payments.
An eligible advanced biofuel producer who receives payments under this subpart may be required to refund such
payments as specified in this section. If the Agency suspects fraudulent representation through its site visits and
records inspections under § 4288.105(b), it will be referred to the Office of Inspector General for appropriate action.
(a) An eligible advanced biofuel producer receiving payments under this subpart shall become ineligible if the
Agency determines the advanced biofuel producer has:
(1) Made any fraudulent representation; or
(2) Misrepresented any material fact affecting a Program determination.
(b) If an Agency determination that a producer is not eligible for participation under this subpart is appealed
and overturned, the Agency will make appropriate and applicable payments to the producer from Program
funds, to the extent such funds are available, that remain from the fiscal year in which the original adverse
Agency decision was made.
(c) All payments made to an entity determined by the Agency to be ineligible shall be refunded to the Agency
with interest and other such sums as may become due, including, but not limited to, any interest,
penalties, and administrative costs as determined appropriate under 31 CFR 901.9.
(d) When a refund is due, it shall be paid promptly. If a refund is not made promptly, the Agency may use all
remedies available to it, including Treasury offset under the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996,
financial judgment against the producer, and referral to the Department of Justice.
(e) Late payment interest shall be assessed on each refund in accordance with the provisions and rates as
established by the United States Treasury.
(1) Interest charged by the Agency under this subpart shall be established by the United States Treasury.
Such interest shall accrue from the date such payments were made by the Agency to the date of
repayment by the producer.
(2) The Agency may waive the accrual of interest or damages if the Agency determines that the cause of
the erroneous payment was not due to any action of the advanced biofuel producer.
(f) Any advanced biofuel producer or person engaged in an act prohibited by this section and any advanced
biofuel producer or person receiving payment under this subpart shall be jointly and severally liable for
any refund due under this subpart and for related charges.

§ 4288.135 Unauthorized payments and offsets.
When unauthorized assistance has been made to an advanced biofuel producer under this Program, the Agency
reserves the right to collect from the recipient the sum that is determined to be unauthorized. If the recipient fails to
pay the Agency the unauthorized assistance plus other sums due under this section, the Agency reserves the right
to offset that amount against Program payments.
(a) Unauthorized assistance. The Agency will seek to collect from recipients all unauthorized assistance
made under this Program using the procedures specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this
section.

7 CFR 4288.135(a) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.135(a)(1)

(1) Notification to the producer. Upon determination that unauthorized assistance has been made to an
advanced biofuel producer under this Program, the Agency will send a demand letter to the producer.
Unless the Agency modifies the original demand, it will remain in full force and effect. The demand
letter will:
(i)

Specify the amount of unauthorized assistance, including any accrued interest to be repaid, and
the standards for imposing accrued interest;

(ii) State the amount of penalties and administrative costs to be paid, the standards for imposing
them and the date on which they will begin to accrue;
(iii) Provide detailed reason(s) why the assistance was determined to be unauthorized;
(iv) State the amount is immediately due and payable to the Agency;
(v) Describe the rights the producer has for seeking review or appeal of the Agency's determination
pursuant to 7 CFR part 11;
(vi) Describe the Agency's available remedies regarding enforced collection, including referral of
debt delinquent after due process for Federal salary, benefit and tax offset under the
Department of Treasury Offset Program; and
(vii) Provide an opportunity for the producer to meet with the Agency and to provide to the Agency
facts, figures, written records, or other information that might refute the Agency's
determination.
(A) If the producer meets with the Agency, the producer will be given an opportunity to provide
information to refute the Agency's findings.
(B) When requested by the producer, the Agency may grant additional time for the producer to
assemble documentation. Such extension of time for payment will be valid only if the
Agency documents the extension in writing and specifies the period in days during which
period the payment obligation created by the demand letter (but not the ongoing accrual
of interest) will be suspended. Interest and other charges will continue to accrue pursuant
to the initial demand letter during any extension period unless the terms of the demand
letter are modified in writing by the Agency.
(2) Payment in full. If the producer agrees with the Agency's determination or will pay the amount in
question, the Agency may allow a reasonable period of time (usually not to exceed 90 days) for the
producer to arrange for repayment. The amount due will be the unauthorized payments made plus
interest accrued beginning on the date of the demand letter at the interest rate stipulated until the
date paid unless otherwise agreed, in writing, by the Agency.
(3) Promissory note. If the producer agrees with the Agency's determination or is willing to pay the
amount in question, but cannot repay the unauthorized assistance within a reasonable period of
time, the Agency will convert the unauthorized assistance amount to a loan provided all of the
conditions specified in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) through (a)(3)(iii) of this section are met. Loans
established under this paragraph will be at the Treasury interest rate in effect on the date the
financial assistance was provided and that is consistent with the term length of the promissory note.
In all cases, the receivable will be amortized per a repayment schedule satisfactory to the Agency
that has the producer pay the unauthorized assistance as quickly as possible, but in no event will the

7 CFR 4288.135(a)(3) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.135(a)(3)(i)

amortization period exceed fifteen (15) years. The producer will be required to execute a debt
instrument to evidence this receivable, and the best security position practicable in a manner that
will adequately protect the Agency's interest during the repayment period will be taken as security.
(i)

The producer did not provide false information;

(ii) It would be highly inequitable to require prompt repayment of the unauthorized assistance; and
(iii) Failure to collect the unauthorized assistance immediately will not adversely affect the Agency's
interests.
(4) Appeals. Appeals resulting from the demand letter prescribed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section will
be handled according to the provisions of § 4288.103. All appeal provisions will be concluded before
proceeding with further actions.
(b) Offsets. Failure to make payment as determined under paragraph (a) of this section will be treated by the
Agency as a debt that can be collected by an Administrative offset, unless written agreements to repay
such debt as an alternative to administrative offset is agreed to between the Agency and the producer.
(1) Any debtor who wishes to reach a written agreement to repay the debt as an alternative to
administrative offset must submit a written proposal for repayment of the debt, which must be
received by the Agency within 20 calendar days of the date the notice was delivered to the debtor. In
response, the Agency will notify the debtor in writing whether the proposed agreement is acceptable.
In exercising its discretion, the Agency will balance the Government's interest in collecting the debt
against fairness to the debtor.
(2) When the Agency receives a debtor's proposal for a repayment agreement, the offset is stayed until
the debtor is notified as to whether the initial agreement is acceptable. If a Government payment will
be made before the end of the fiscal year and the review is not yet completed, payment will be
deferred pending resolution of the review.

§ 4288.136 Remedies.
In addition to the steps available under the provisions of §§ 4288.134 and 4288.135, if the Agency has determined
that a producer has misrepresented the information or defrauded the Government, the Agency will take one of the
following steps in accordance with 2 CFR part 417:
(a) Suspend payments on the Contract until the violation has been reconciled;
(b) Terminate the Contract; or
(c) Debarment to participate in any Federal Government program.
[76 FR 7967, Feb. 11, 2011, as amended at 85 FR 31939, May 28, 2020]

§ 4288.137 Succession and loss of control of advanced biofuel facilities and production.
(a) Contract succession. An entity who becomes the eligible advanced biofuel producer for an advanced
biofuel facility that is under contract under this subpart must request permission from the Agency to
succeed to the Program contract and the Agency may grant such request if it is determined that the entity
is an eligible producer and permitting such succession would serve the purposes of the Program. If
appropriate, the Agency may require the consent of the previous eligible advanced biofuel producer to
such succession.
7 CFR 4288.137(a) (enhanced display)

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7 CFR Part 4288 Subpart B (up to date as of 8/06/2024)
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7 CFR 4288.137(b)

(b) Loss of control. Payments will be made only for eligible advanced biofuels produced at an advanced
biofuel facility owned or controlled by an eligible advanced biofuel producer with a valid contract. If
payments are made to an advanced biofuel producer for production at an advanced biofuel facility no
longer owned or controlled by said producer or to an otherwise ineligible advanced biofuel producer, the
Agency will demand full refund of all such payments.

§§ 4288.138-4288.200 [Reserved]

7 CFR 4288.138-4288.200 (enhanced display)

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