SS_ Rigging Equipment (1218-0233) _ ROCIS (2)

STANDARD ON RIGGING EQUIPMENT FOR MATERIAL HANDLING (29 CFR 1926.251)
OMB Control No. 1218-0233
OMB Expiration Date: December 31, 2023

SUPPORTING STATEMENT FOR

THE INFORMATION COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS IN THE

STANDARD ON RIGGING EQUIPMENT

FOR MATERIAL HANDLING (29 CFR 1926.251)¹

OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET (OMB)

CONTROL NO. 1218-0233 (November 2023)

This is an extension request for a currently approved data collection.

1. JUSTIFICATION

1. Explain the circumstances that make the collection of information necessary. Identify any legal or administrative requirements that necessitate the collection. Attach a copy of the appropriate section of each statute and regulation mandating or authorizing the collection of information.

The main objective of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act or Act) is to “assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources” (29 U.S.C. 651). To achieve this objective, the OSH Act specifically authorizes “the development and promulgation of occupational safety and health standards” (29 U.S.C. 651). In addition, the OSH Act requires that “[e]ach employer shall make, keep and preserve, and make available to the Secretary . . . such records . . . as the Secretary . . . may prescribe by regulation as necessary or appropriate for the enforcement of this Act . . .” (29 U.S.C. 657).

Section 6(b)(7) of the Act specifies that “[a]ny standard promulgated under this subsection shall prescribe the use of labels or other appropriate forms of warning as are necessary to insure that employees are apprised of all hazards to which they are exposed, relevant symptoms and appropriate emergency treatment, and proper conditions and precautions of safe use or exposure.” This provision goes on to state that “[t]he Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, may by rule promulgated pursuant to section 553 of title 5, United States Code, make appropriate modifications in the foregoing requirements relating to the use of labels or other forms of warning . . . as may be warranted by experience, information, or medical or technological developments acquired subsequent to the promulgation of the relevant standard” (29 U.S.C. 655(b)(7)).

Pursuant to its statutory authority, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA or agency) promulgated a safety standard for construction, regulating rigging equipment for material handling (29 CFR 1926.251) (standard). The collection of information (paperwork) provisions of the standard specify affixing identification tags or markings on rigging equipment, marking special custom design lifting accessories, shift inspections, periodic inspections, developing and maintaining inspection records, and maintaining dates and results of certain shackle/hook load tests. Items 2 and 12 below describe in detail the specific information collection requirements of the Standard.

2. Indicate how, by whom, and for what purpose the information is to be used. Except for a new collection, indicate the actual use the Agency has made of the information received from the current collection.

The standard specifies several collections of information (paperwork) requirements, depending on the type of rigging equipment. The purpose of each of these requirements is to prevent workers from using defective or deteriorated equipment, thereby, reducing their risk of death or serious injury caused by equipment failure during material handling.

General, Rigging Equipment for Material Handling (§ 1926.251(a)(2)(i))

Employers must ensure that rigging equipment has permanently affixed and legible identification markings as prescribed by the manufacturer that indicate the recommended safe working load.

Note: This information, according to longstanding consensus standard requirements and industry practice, is affixed by the manufacturer before sale of the equipment. Therefore, the agency takes no burden for this paperwork requirement.

Alloy Steel Chains (§ 1926.251(b)(1))

Welded alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed durable identification stating size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturer.

Alloy Steel Chains, Inspections (§ 1926.251(b)(6))

§ 1926.251(b)(6)(i)

In addition to the inspection required by other paragraphs of this section, a thorough periodic inspection of alloy steel chain slings in use shall be made on a regular basis, to be determined on the basis of:

1. frequency of sling use;

2. severity of service conditions;

3. nature of lifts being made; and

4. experience gained in the service of life of slings used in similar circumstances. Such inspections shall in no event be at intervals greater than once every 12 months.

§ 1926.251(b)(6)(ii)

The employer shall make and maintain a record of the most recent month in which each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such record available for examination.

Wire Rope (§ 1926.251(c))

End attachments (§ 1926.251(c)(15)(i))

Welding of end attachments, except covers to thimbles, shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling.

§ 1926.251(c)(15)(ii)

All welded end attachments shall not be used unless proof tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity at twice their rated capacity prior to initial use. The employer shall retain a certificate of the proof test, and make it available for examination.

Note: This document is, by industry practice, provided by the manufacturer/vendor of the end attachment and is maintained by the employer for examination.

§ 1926.251(c)(16)

Wire rope slings shall have permanently affixed, legible identification markings stating size, rated capacity for the type(s) of hitch(es) used and the angle upon which it is based, and the number of legs if more than one.

Note: Having the safe working loads information marked on slings (instead of located in tables) provides employers with readily available and up-to-date information. It is industry practice for manufacturers to permanently mark or tag all wire rope with the requisite information. Therefore, OSHA will not take a burden for this paperwork requirement.

Natural Rope, and Synthetic Fiber (§ 1926.251(d))

§ 1926.251(d)(7)

Employers must use natural- and synthetic-fiber rope slings that have permanently affixed and legible identification markings that state the rated capacity for the type(s) of hitch(es) used and the angle upon which is based, type of fiber material, and the number of legs if more than one.

Note: Having the safe working loads information marked on slings (instead of located in tables) provides employers with readily available and up-to-date sling information. It is industry practice for manufacturers to permanently mark or tag all natural ropes and fiber slings with the requisite information. Therefore, OSHA will not take a burden for this paperwork requirement.

Synthetic Webbing (§ 1926.251(e)(1))

The employer shall have each synthetic web sling marked or coded to show:

1. Name or trademark of manufacturer.

2. Rated capacities for the type of hitch.

3. Type of material.

Note: By industry practice, this is done by the manufacturer before sale and may be stitched into the webbing or affixed in another permanent manner.

Shackles and Hooks (§ 1926.251(f)(2))

The manufacturer’s recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable manufacturer’s recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.

Note: The information on the identification tags, markings, or coding provides employers with the safe working load of each piece of rigging equipment and therefore the riggings’ appropriateness for a lifting task. The rigging inspections enable early detection of faulty equipment, and the inspection records provide employers with conditional assurances and information about inspection intervals and in gauging deterioration of the inspected equipment. These inspection records also provide the most efficient means for an agency compliance officer to determine that an employer is complying with the standard.

Similarly, load and proof-testing certifications give employers, workers, and OSHA compliance officers assurance that the equipment is safe to use. The certifications also provide compliance officers with an efficient means to assess employer compliance with the standard.

3. Describe whether, and to what extent, the collection of information involves the use of automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting electronic submission of responses, and the basis for the decision for adopting this means of collection. Also describe any consideration of using information technology to reduce burden.

Employers may use automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological information-collection techniques, or other forms of information technology (e.g., electronic submission of responses) when establishing and maintaining the required records. The agency wrote the paperwork requirements of the Standard in performance-oriented language (i.e., in terms of what data to collect, not how to record the data).

4. Describe efforts to identify duplication. Show specifically why any similar information already available cannot be used or modified for use for the purposes described in Item A.2 above.

The information collection requirements in the standard are specific to each employer and worker involved, and no other source or agency duplicates these requirements. The required information is available only from the employers. Currently, there is no indication that any alternate source is available.

5. If the collection of information impacts small businesses or other small entities, describe any methods used to minimize burden.

The requirement burdens are an equal obligation for all affected employers. The collections of information do not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.

6. Describe the consequence to Federal program or policy activities if the collection is not conducted or is conducted less frequently, as well as any technical or legal obstacles to reducing burden.

The reporting frequencies specified in the standard are the minimum necessary to protect the safety and health of workers and, particularly, to regulate rigging equipment for material handling effectively. Accordingly, if employers do not perform the required information collections, or delay in providing this information, workers may inadvertently increase their risk of death or serious injury.

7. Explain any special circumstances that would cause an information collection to be conducted in a manner:

· requiring respondents to report information to the agency more often than quarterly;

· requiring respondents to prepare a written response to a collection of information in fewer than 30 days after receipt of it;

· requiring respondents to submit more than an original and two copies of any document;

· requiring respondents to retain records, other than health, medical, government contract, grant-in-aid, or tax records for more than three years;

· in connection with a statistical survey, that is not designed to produce valid and reliable results that can be generalized to the universe of study;

· requiring the use of a statistical data classification that has not been reviewed and approved by OMB;

· that includes a pledge of confidentiality that is not supported by authority established in statute or regulation, that is not supported by disclosure and data security policies that are consistent with the pledge, or which unnecessarily impedes sharing of data with other agencies for compatible confidential use; or

· requiring respondents to submit proprietary trade secret, or other confidential information unless the agency can demonstrate that it has instituted procedures to protect the information's confidentiality to the extent permitted by law.

No special circumstances exist that require employers to collect information using the procedures specified by this item. The requirements are within the guidelines set forth in 5 CFR 1320.5.

8. If applicable, provide a copy and identify the date and page number of publication in the Federal Register of the agency's notice, required by 5 CFR 1320.8(d), soliciting comments on the information collection before submission to OMB. Summarize public comments received in response to that notice and describe actions taken by the agency in response to these comments specifically address comments received on cost and hour burden.

Describe efforts to consult with persons outside the agency to obtain their views on the availability of data, frequency of collection, the clarity of instructions and recordkeeping, disclosure, or reporting format (if any), and on the data elements to be recorded, or reported.

Consultation with representatives of those from whom information is to be obtained or those who must compile records should occur at least once every three years - even if the collection of information activity is the same as in prior periods. There may be circumstances that may mitigate against consultation in a specific situation. These circumstances should be explained.

As required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3506 (c)(2)(A)), OSHA published a notice in the Federal Register on August 28, 2023 (88 FR 58620), soliciting comments from the public and other interested parties on the information collection requirements in the Standard on Rigging Equipment for Material Handling (29 CFR 1926.251) (Docket No. OSHA-2010-0038). This notice is part of a preclearance consultation program that provides these interested parties the opportunity to comment on OSHA’s extension request. The agency did not receive any public comments in response to this notice.

9. Explain any decision to provide any payment or gift to respondents, other than remuneration of contractors or grantees.

The agency will not provide payments or gifts to the respondents.

10. Describe any assurance of confidentiality provided to respondents and the basis for the assurance in statute, regulation, or agency policy.

This regulation does not require the submission of any confidential information to the Federal Government; therefore, assurances of confidentiality are not applicable.

11. Provide additional justification for any questions of a sensitive nature, such as sexual behavior and attitudes, religious beliefs, and other matters that are commonly considered private. This justification should include the reason why the agency considers the questions necessary, the specific uses to be made of the information, the explanation to be given to persons from whom the information is requested, and any steps to be taken to obtain their consent.

None of the provisions in the standard require questions of a sensitive nature be asked.

12. Provide estimates of the hour burden of the collection of information. The statement should:

· Indicate the number of respondents, frequency of response, annual hour burden, and an explanation of how the burden was estimated. Unless directed to do so, agencies should not conduct special surveys to obtain information on which to base hour burden estimates. Consultation with a sample (fewer than 10) of potential respondents is desirable. If the hour burden on respondents is expected to vary widely because of differences in activity, size, or complexity, show the range of estimated hour burden, and explain the reasons for the variance. Generally, estimates should not include burden hours for customary and usual business practices.

· If this request for approval covers more than one form, provide separate hour burden estimates for each form and aggregate the hour burdens.

· Provide estimates of annualized cost to respondents for the hour burdens for collections of information, identifying and using appropriate wage-rate categories. The cost of contracting out or paying outside parties for information collection activities should not be included here. Instead, this cost should be included in Item 13.

Based on information taken from the Final Economic Analysis of the Final Rule on Cranes and Derricks in Construction, OSHA estimated that there were 115,829 cranes and derricks in the construction industry². Based on previous information provided by sling and competent manufacturers who are members of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Subcommittee on Slings, ASME B30.9, the agency continues to estimate that for each crane and derrick, there are about 10 slings/shackles/hooks, for a total of 1,158,290 pieces. In addition, the agency believes that 15% (173,744) of these pieces are alloy-steel chains, 75% (868,718) are wire rope slings, 8% (92,663) are synthetic webbing, and 2% (23,166) are shackles/hooks. OSHA estimates that virtually no fiber rope slings are used in construction rigging applications.

Wage Rates

The agency determined the wage rate from mean hourly wage earnings to represent the cost of employee time. For the relevant standard occupational classification category, OSHA used the wage rates reported in the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2022 [last accessed: July 20, 2023]. (OEWS data is available at https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm. To access a wage rate, select the year, “Occupation Profiles,” and the Standard Occupational Classification [SOC] Code).

To derive the loaded hourly wage rate presented in the table below, the agency used data from the OEWS, as described in the paragraph above. Then, the agency applied to the wage rate a fringe benefit markup from the following BLS release: Employer Costs for Compensation News Release text; released 10:00 AM (EDT), June 16, 2023 (https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecec_06162023.htm). BLS reported that for private industry workers, fringe benefits accounted for 29.5% of total compensation and wages accounted for the remaining 70.5%. To calculate the loaded hourly wage for each occupation, the agency divided the mean hourly wage rate by 1 minus the fringe benefits.

Table 1, below, is a summary of how the wage rate estimate was derived for the information collection requirements specified in the standard.

Table 1 – Estimated Wage Rate
Occupational Title	Standard Occupational Code	Mean Hour Wage Rate (A)	Fringe Benefits (B)	Loaded Hourly Wage Rate (C) = (A)/(1-(B))
Construction Laborer	47-2061	$22.29	.295	$31.62

Burden Hour and Cost Summary

Alloy Steel Chains (§ 1926.251(b)(1))

This paragraph requires that alloy steel chains have permanently affixed durable identification stating size, grade, rated capacity and sling manufacturer. The information, supplied by the manufacturer, is typically marked on a metal tag and affixed to the sling. The manufacturer provides this information as a usual and customary practice at the time of sale. Sling identification is maintained by the user to ensure it is legible during the life of the sling. If replacement of sling identification becomes necessary, the sling would be repaired by a sling manufacturer or qualified persons.

If the tag comes off, another tag or type of marking with the required information must be affixed to the sling. OSHA estimates that only a small percentage of slings would fall into this category, perhaps as low as 0.1% (174), and it would take 30 minutes (30/60 hour) to acquire the information, make a new tag, and another 30 minutes (30/60 hour) to affix the tag to the sling. This task would be performed by a qualified person or manufacturer.

Burden hours: 174 slings x 30/60 hour= 87 hours

Cost: 87 hours x $31.62 = $2,750.94

Burden hours: 174 slings x 30/60 hour = 87 hours

Cost: 87 hours x $31.62 = $2,750.94

Alloy Steel Chains, Inspections (§ 1926.251(b)(6)(i-ii))

This requirement directs the employer to make a thorough periodic inspection of alloy steel chain slings in use on a regular basis but at intervals not greater than every 12 months, and to make and maintain a record of the most recent month in which each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected.

It is estimated that it takes 15 minutes (15/60 hour) for a construction laborer to conduct the inspection, and to generate, maintain, and disclose the inspection record once a year.

Burden hours: 173,744 slings x 15/60 hour = 43,436 hours

Cost: 43,436 hours x $31.62 = $1,373,446.32

Welded End Attachments on Wire Rope Slings (§ 1926.251(c)(15)(ii))

This paragraph requires that all welded end attachments of wire rope slings be proof tested by the manufacturer at twice their rated capacity prior to initial use, and that the employer retain the certificate of proof. OSHA estimates that 10% (86,872) of wire rope slings have welded end attachments. There is no burden associated with the proof testing because the manufacturer, for liability reasons, and as a normal and customary practice, will test the equipment and provide a certificate to the employer.

However, the employer must maintain and disclose the certificate at the time of an inspection. OSHA estimates that a construction worker spends 3 minutes (3/60 hour) per sling (with welded end attachments) to complete this task.

Burden hours: 86,872 slings x 3/60 hour = 4,344 hours, rounded

Cost: 4,344 hours x $31.62 = $137,357.28

Identification Markings on Wire Rope Slings

This paragraph requires that wire rope slings have permanently affixed, legible identification markings stating size, rated capacity for the type(s) of hitch(es) used, and the angle upon which it is based, and the number of legs if more than one. This information will be provided by the manufacturer as a usual and customary practice at the time of sale.

If the tag comes off, another tag or type of marking with the required information must be affixed to the sling. OSHA estimates that only a small percentage of slings would fall into this category, estimated at 0.1% (869), and it would take 20 minutes (20/60 hour) to acquire the information, make a new tag, and another 20 minutes (20/60 hour) to affix the tag to the sling. This task would be performed by a qualified person or the manufacturer.

Burden hours: 869 slings x 20/60 hour = 290 hours, rounded

290 hours x $31.62 = $9,169.80

Burden hours: 869 slings x 20/60 hour = 290 hours, rounded

290 hours x $31.62 = $9,169.80

Synthetic Webbing (§ 1926.251(e)(1))

This requirement necessitates synthetic web slings be marked or coded to show the manufacturer’s trademark, rated capacities for the type of hitch, and type of synthetic web material. This information will be provided by the manufacturer as a usual and customary practice at the time of sale. However, there is no requirement to remark a defaced sling. An employer may choose to scrap, replace or send the sling to the manufacturer or a similarly qualified entity for marking as prescribed by the manufacturer. This information will be provided by the manufacturer as a usual and customary practice at the time of sale.

Under 1926.2519(a)(2)(i) the employer must ensure rigging equipment has permanently affixed legible identification markings as prescribed by the manufacturer that indicate safe working load. OSHA estimates that it will take a construction laborer about 30 minutes (30/60 hour) to acquire the information and attach the marking or coding. OSHA estimates that few slings, about 0.1% (93), fall into this category.

Burden hours: 93 slings x 30/60 hour = 47 hours, rounded

Cost: 47 hours x $31.62 = $1,486.14

Shackles and Hooks (§ 1926.251(f)(2))

This requirement specifies that “[a]ll hooks for which no applicable manufacturer's recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.”

OSHA estimates that the manufacturer’s recommendations will be available for 90% of the 23,166 devices, leaving only 10% without the manufacturer’s recommendations to follow. Conservatively estimating that shackles and hooks are equally represented, that means approximately 5% of the devices (1,158 hooks) are subject to this requirement. The option to test a hook or to replace it rests with the individual employer. Load testing is done following a protocol known to certain qualified entities including some manufacturers using consensus standards. Few employers meet these prerequisites. Since testing or replacing with a properly identified hook is an option available to each employer the agency is not taking a burden for this requirement.

OSHA assumes that some of the users will choose to test the hook to twice its intended working load rather than call the manufacturer to obtain the information. Therefore, OSHA estimates that it will take about 20 minutes (20/60 hour) per hook to conduct the test to determine the working load and an additional 5 minutes (5/60) to develop, maintain, and disclose the certification record, for a total of 25 minutes (25/60 hour). If the user elects to obtain the information from the manufacturer instead of performing the test, it will take about 35 minutes (35/60 hour) per hook to make the necessary phone calls and get the information. The time, thus, is averaged at 30 minutes (30/60 hour).

Burden hours: 1,158 hooks x 30/60 hour = 579 hours

Cost: 579 hours x $31.62 = $18,307.98

Table 2 – Estimated Annualized Respondent Hour and Cost Burden Table
Information Collection Requirement	Type of Respondent	No. of Respondents	No. of Responses per Respondent	Total No. of Responses	Avg. Burden per Response (In Hrs.)	Total Burden Hours	Avg. Hourly Wage Rate	Total Burden Costs
Alloy Steel Chains (§ 1926.251(b)(1))	Construction Laborer	174	1	174	30/60	87	$31.62	$2,750.94
	Construction Laborer	174	1	174	30/60	87	$31.62	$2,750.94
Alloy Steel Chains, Inspections (§ 1926.251(b)(6)(i-ii))	Construction Laborer	173,744	1	173,744	15/60	43,436	$31.62	$1,373,446.32
Wire Ropes, Welded End Attachments (§ 1926.251(c)(15)(ii))	Construction Laborer	86,872	1	86,872	3/60	4,344	$31.62	$137,357.28
Wire Ropes, Identification Markings (§ 1926.251(c)(16))	Construction Laborer	869	1	869	20/60	290	$31.62	$9,169.80
	Construction Laborer	869	1	869	20/60	290	$31.62	$9,169.80
Synthetic Webbing (§ 1926.251(e)(1))	Construction Laborer	93	1	93	30/60	47	$31.62	$1,486.14
Shackles and Hooks (§ 1926.251(f)(2))	Construction Laborer	1,158	1	1,158	30/60	579	$31.62	$18,307.98
Totals	---	---	---	263,953	---	49,160	---	$1,554,439 rounded

13. Provide an estimate of the total annual cost burden to respondents or recordkeepers resulting from the collection of information. (Do not include the cost of any hour burden shown in Items 12 and 14).

The cost estimate should be split into two components: (a) a total capital and start-up cost component (annualized over its expected useful life); and (b) a total operation and maintenance and purchase of service component. The estimates should take into account costs associated with generating and disclosing or providing the information. Include descriptions of methods used to estimate major cost factors including system and technology acquisition, expected useful life of capital equipment, the discount rate(s), and the time period over which costs will be incurred. Capital and start-up costs include, among other items, preparations for collecting information such as purchasing computers and software; monitoring, sampling, drilling and testing equipment; and record storage facilities.

• If cost estimates are expected to vary widely, agencies should present ranges of cost burdens and explain the reasons for the variance. The cost of purchasing or contracting out information collection services should be a part of this cost burden estimate. In developing cost burden estimates, agencies may consult with a sample of respondent (fewer than 10), utilize the 60-day pre-OMB submission public comment process and use existing economic or regulatory impact analysis associated with the rulemaking containing the information collection, as appropriate.

• Generally, estimates should not include purchases of equipment or services, or portions thereof, made: (1) prior to October 1, 1995, (2) to achieve regulatory compliance with requirements not associated with the information collection, (3) for reasons other than to provide information or keep records for the government or (4) as part of customary and usual business or private practices.

Item 12 above provides the total cost of the information collection requirements specified by the standard. Therefore, there are no costs to the respondents other than their time.

14. Provide estimates of annualized cost to the Federal government. Also, provide a description of the method used to estimate cost, which should include quantification of hours, operational expenses (such as equipment, overhead, printing, and support staff), and any other expense that would not have been incurred without this collection of information. Agencies also may aggregate cost estimates from Items 12, 13, and 14 in a single table.

There is no cost to the federal government associated with this information request.

15. Explain the reasons for any program changes or adjustments.

The agency requests to maintain the previously approved burden hour estimates (49,160 hours).

16. For collections of information whose results will be published, outline plans for tabulation, and publication. Address any complex analytical techniques that will be used. Provide the time schedule for the entire project, including beginning and ending dates of the collection information, completion of report, publication dates, and other actions.

The information required to be collected by the standard will not produce results that will be published for statistical use.

17. If seeking approval to not display the expiration date for OMB approval of the information collection, explain the reasons that display would be appropriate.

OSHA lists current valid control numbers in §§ 1910.8, 1915.8, 1917.4, 1918.4, and 1926.5 and publishes the expiration date in the Federal Register notice announcing OMB approval of the information collection requirements (See 5 CFR 1320.3(f)(3)). OSHA believes that this is the most appropriate and accurate mechanism to inform interested parties of these expiration dates.

18. Explain each exception to the certification statement.

OSHA is not seeking an exception to the certification statement.

2. COLLECTION OF INFORMATION EMPLOYING STATISICAL METHODS.

This supporting statement does not contain any collection of information requirements that employ statistical methods.

1 The purpose of this supporting statement is to analyze and describe the burden hours and cost associated with provisions of this standard that contain paperwork requirements; this supporting statement does not provide information or guidance on how to comply with, or how to enforce, the standard.

2 According to data from the Census’ County Business Patterns, the number of establishments in NAICS 333120, Construction Machinery Manufacturing, decreased 7.5% from 743 in 2018 to 687 in 2021. OSHA does not believe this would reduce the number of cranes in service and is keeping these numbers the same from the last update.

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