Attachment A - 49 CFR Part 380

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

ELECTRONIC CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
e-CFR data is current as of September 23, 2019
Title 49 → Subtitle B → Chapter III → Subchapter B → Part 380
Title 49: Transportation
PART 380—SPECIAL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
Contents
Subpart A—Longer Combination Vehicle (LCV) Driver-Training and Driver-Instructor Requirements—General
§380.101
§380.103
§380.105
§380.107
§380.109
§380.111
§380.113

Purpose and scope.
Applicability.
Definitions.
General requirements.
Driver testing.
Substitute for driver training.
Employer responsibilities.

Subpart B—LCV Driver-Training Program
§380.201 General requirements.
§380.203 LCV Doubles.
§380.205 LCV Triples.
Subpart C—LCV Driver-Instructor Requirements
§380.301 General requirements.
§380.303 Substitute for instructor requirements.
§380.305 Employer responsibilities.
Subpart D—Driver-Training Certification
§380.401 Certification document.
Subpart E—Entry-Level Driver Training Requirements Before February 7, 2020
§380.501
§380.502
§380.503
§380.505
§380.507
§380.509
§380.511
§380.513

Applicability.
Definitions.
Entry-level driver training requirements.
Proof of training.
Driver responsibilities.
Employer responsibilities.
Employer recordkeeping responsibilities.
Required information on the training certificate.

Subpart F—Entry-Level Driver Training Requirements On and After February 7, 2020
§380.600
§380.601
§380.603
§380.605
§380.609

Compliance date for training requirements for entry-level drivers.
Purpose and scope.
Applicability.
Definitions.
General entry-level driver training requirements.

Subpart G—Registry of Entry-Level Driver Training Providers
§380.700
§380.703
§380.707
§380.709
§380.711
§380.713

Scope.
Requirements for listing on the training provider registry (TPR).
Entry-level training provider.
Facilities.
Equipment.
Instructor requirements.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

1/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

§380.715 Assessments.
§380.717 Training certification.
§380.719 Requirements for continued listing on the training provider registry (TPR).
§380.721 Removal from training provider registry: factors considered.
§380.723 Removal from training provider registry: procedure.
§380.725 Documentation and record retention.
Appendix A to Part 380—Class A—CDL Training Curriculum
Appendix B to Part 380—Class B—CDL Training Curriculum
Appendix C to Part 380—Passenger Endorsement Training Curriculum
Appendix D to Part 380—School Bus Endorsement Training Curriculum
Appendix E to Part 380—Hazardous Materials Endorsement Training Curriculum
Appendix F to Part 380—LCV Driver Training Programs, Required Knowledge and Skills
AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 31133, 31136, 31305, 31307, 31308, and 31502; sec. 4007(a) and (b) of Pub. L. 102-240 (105 Stat. 2151-2152); sec. 32304
of Pub. L.112-141; and 49 CFR 1.87.

SOURCE: 69 FR 16732, Mar. 30, 2004, unless otherwise noted.

Back to Top

Subpart A—Longer Combination Vehicle (LCV) Driver-Training and Driver-Instructor
Requirements—General
Back to Top
§380.101 Purpose and scope.
(a) Purpose. The purpose of this part is to establish minimum requirements for operators of longer combination vehicles
(LCVs) and LCV driver-instructors.
(b) Scope. This part establishes:
(1) Minimum training requirements for operators of LCVs;
(2) Minimum qualification requirements for LCV driver-instructors; and
(3) Procedures for determining compliance with this part by operators, instructors, training institutions, and employers.
Back to Top
§380.103 Applicability.
The rules in this part apply to all operators of LCVs in interstate commerce, employers of such persons, and LCV driverinstructors.
Back to Top
§380.105 Definitions.
(a) The definitions in part 383 of this subchapter apply to this part, except where otherwise specifically noted.
(b) As used in this part:
Classroom instructor means a qualified LCV driver-instructor who provides knowledge instruction that does not involve the
actual operation of a longer combination vehicle or its components. Instruction may take place in a parking lot, garage, or any
other facility suitable for instruction.
Longer combination vehicle (LCV) means any combination of a truck-tractor and two or more trailers or semi-trailers,
which operate on the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways with a gross vehicle weight (GVW) greater than
36,288 kilograms (80,000 pounds).
LCV Double means an LCV consisting of a truck-tractor in combination with two trailers and/or semi-trailers.
LCV Triple means an LCV consisting of a truck-tractor in combination with three trailers and/or semi-trailers.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

2/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Qualified LCV driver-instructor means an instructor meeting the requirements contained in subpart C of this part. There
are two types of qualified LCV driver-instructors: (1) classroom instructor and (2) skills instructor.
Skills instructor means a qualified LCV driver-instructor who provides behind-the-wheel instruction involving the actual
operation of a longer combination vehicle or its components outside a classroom.
Training institution means any technical or vocational school accredited by an accrediting institution recognized by the
U.S. Department of Education. A motor carrier's training program for its drivers or an entity that exclusively offers services to a
single motor carrier is not a training institution.
Back to Top
§380.107 General requirements.
(a) Except as provided in §380.111, a driver who wishes to operate an LCV shall first take and successfully complete an
LCV driver-training program that provides the knowledge and skills necessary to operate an LCV. The specific types of
knowledge and skills that a training program shall include are outlined in Appendix F to this part.
(b) Before a person receives training:
(1) That person shall present evidence to the LCV driver-instructor showing that he/she meets the general requirements
set forth in subpart B of this part for the specific type of LCV training to be taken.
(2) The LCV driver-instructor shall verify that each trainee applicant meets the general requirements for the specific type
of LCV training to be taken.
(c) Upon successful completion of the training requirement, the driver-student shall be issued an LCV Driver Training
Certificate by a certifying official of the training entity in accordance with the requirements specified in subpart D of this part.
[69 FR 16732, Mar. 30, 2004, as amended at 83 FR 22874, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.109 Driver testing.
(a) Testing methods. The driver-student must pass knowledge and skills tests in accordance with the following
requirements, to determine whether a driver-student has successfully completed an LCV driver-training program as specified
in subpart B of this part. The written knowledge test may be administered by any qualified driver-instructor. The skills tests,
based on actual operation of an LCV, must be administered by a qualified LCV skills instructor.
(1) All tests shall be constructed to determine if the driver-student possesses the required knowledge and skills set forth in
Appendix F to this part for the specific type of LCV training program being taught.
(2) Instructors shall develop their own tests for the specific type of LCV-training program being taught, but those tests
must be at least as stringent as the requirements set forth in paragraph (b) of this section.
(3) LCV driver-instructors shall establish specific methods for scoring the knowledge and skills tests.
(4) Passing scores must meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
(5) Knowledge and skills tests shall be based upon the information taught in the LCV training programs as set forth in
Appendix F to this part.
(6) Each knowledge test shall address the training provided during both theoretical and behind-the-wheel instruction, and
include at least one question from each of the units listed in the table to Appendix F to this part, for the specific type of LCV
training program being taught.
(7) Each skills test shall include all the maneuvers and operations practiced during the Proficiency Development unit of
instruction (behind-the-wheel instruction), as described in Appendix F to this part, for the specific type of LCV training program
being taught.
(b) Proficiency determinations. The driver-student must meet the following conditions to be certified as an LCV driver:
(1) Answer correctly at least 80 percent of the questions on each knowledge test; and
(2) Demonstrate that he/she can successfully perform all of the skills addressed in paragraph (a)(7) of this section.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

3/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

(c) Automatic test failure. Failure to obey traffic laws or involvement in a preventable crash during the skills portion of the
test will result in automatic failure. Automatic test failure determinations are made at the sole discretion of the qualified LCV
driver-instructor.
[69 FR 16732, Mar. 30, 2004, as amended at 83 FR 22874, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.111 Substitute for driver training.
(a) Grandfather clause. The LCV driver-training requirements specified in subpart B of this part do not apply to an
individual who meets the conditions set forth in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section. A motor carrier must ensure that an
individual claiming eligibility to operate an LCV on the basis of this section meets these conditions before allowing him/her to
operate an LCV.
(b) An individual must certify that, during the 2-year period immediately preceding the date of application for a Certificate
of Grandfathering, he/she had:
(1) A valid Class A CDL with a “double/triple trailers” endorsement;
(2) No more than one driver's license;
(3) No suspension, revocation, or cancellation of his/her CDL;
(4) No convictions for a major offense while operating a CMV as defined in §383.51(b) of this subchapter;
(5) No convictions for a railroad-highway grade crossing offense while operating a CMV as defined in §383.51(d) of this
subchapter;
(6) No convictions for violating an out-of-service order as defined in §383.51(e) of this subchapter;
(7) No more than one conviction for a serious traffic violation, as defined in §383.5 of this subchapter, while operating a
CMV; and
(8) No convictions for a violation of State or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control arising in connection with any
traffic crash while operating a CMV.
(c) An individual must certify and provide evidence that he/she:
(1) Is regularly employed in a job requiring the operation of a CMV that requires a CDL with a double/triple trailers
endorsement; and
(2) Has operated, during the 2 years immediately preceding the date of application for a Certificate of Grandfathering,
vehicles representative of the type of LCV that he/she seeks to continue operating.
(d) A motor carrier must issue a Certificate of Grandfathering to a person who meets the requirements of this section and
must maintain a copy of the certificate in the individual's Driver Qualification file.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

4/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

View or download PDF
(e) An applicant may be grandfathered under this section only during the year following June 1, 2004.
Back to Top
§380.113 Employer responsibilities.
(a) No motor carrier shall:
(1) Allow, require, permit or authorize an individual to operate an LCV unless he/she meets the requirements in §§380.203
or 380.205 and has been issued the LCV driver-training certificate described in §380.401. This provision does not apply to
individuals who are eligible for the substitute for driver training provision in §380.111.
(2) Allow, require, permit, or authorize an individual to operate an LCV which the LCV driver-training certificate, CDL, and
CDL endorsement(s) do not authorize the driver to operate. This provision applies to individuals employed by or under contract
to the motor carrier.
(b) A motor carrier that employs or has under contract LCV drivers shall provide evidence of the certifications required by
§380.401 or §380.111 of this part when requested by an authorized FMCSA, State, or local official in the course of a
compliance review.
Back to Top

Subpart B—LCV Driver-Training Program
Back to Top
§380.201 General requirements.
(a) The LCV Driver-Training Program that is described in Appendix F to this part requires training using an LCV Double or
LCV Triple and must include the following general categories of instruction:
(1) Orientation;
(2) Basic operation;
(3) Safe operating practices;
(4) Advanced operations; and
(5) Nondriving activities.
(b) The LCV Driver-Training Program must include the minimum topics of training set forth in Appendix F to this part and
behind-the-wheel instruction that is designed to provide an opportunity to develop the skills outlined under the Proficiency
Development unit of the training program.
[69 FR 16732, Mar. 30, 2004, as amended at 83 FR 22874, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.203 LCV Doubles.
(a) To qualify for the training necessary to operate an LCV Double, a driver-student shall, during the 6 months immediately
preceding application for training, have:
(1) A valid Class A CDL with a double/triple trailer endorsement;
(2) Driving experience in a Group A vehicle as described in §383.91 of this subchapter. Evidence of driving experience
shall be an employer's written statement that the driver has, for at least 6 months immediately preceding application, operated
a Group A vehicle while under his/her employ;
(3) No more than one driver's license;
(4) No suspension, revocation, or cancellation of his/her CDL;
(5) No convictions for a major offense, as defined in §383.51(b) of this subchapter, while operating a CMV;

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

5/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

(6) No convictions for a railroad-highway grade crossing offense, as defined in §383.51(d) of this subchapter, while
operating a CMV;
(7) No convictions for violating an out-of-service order as defined in §383.51(e) of this subchapter;
(8) No more than one conviction for a serious traffic violation, as defined in §383.5 of this subchapter, while operating a
CMV; and
(9) No convictions for a violation of State or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control arising in connection with any
traffic crash while operating a CMV.
(b) Driver-students meeting the preliminary requirements in paragraph (a) of this section shall successfully complete a
training program that meets the minimum unit requirements for LCV Doubles as set forth in Appendix F to this part.
(c) Driver-students who successfully complete the Driver Training Program for LCV Doubles shall be issued a certificate,
in accordance with subpart D of this part, indicating the driver is qualified to operate an LCV Double.
[69 FR 16732, Mar. 30, 2004, as amended at 83 FR 22874, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.205 LCV Triples.
(a) To qualify for the training necessary to operate an LCV Triple, a driver-student shall, during the 6 months immediately
preceding application for training, have:
(1) A valid Class A CDL with a double/triple trailer endorsement;
(2) Experience operating the vehicle listed under paragraph (a)(2)(i) or (a)(2)(ii) of this section. Evidence of driving
experience shall be an employer's written statement that the driver has, during the 6 months immediately preceding
application, operated the applicable vehicle(s):
(i) Group A truck-tractor/semi-trailer combination as described in §383.91 of this subchapter; or
(ii) Group A truck-tractor/semi-trailer/trailer combination that operates at a gross vehicle weight of 80,000 pounds or less;
(3) No more than one driver's license;
(4) No suspension, revocation, or cancellation of his/her CDL;
(5) No convictions for a major offense, as defined in §383.51(b) of this subchapter, while operating a CMV;
(6) No convictions for a railroad-highway grade crossing offense, as defined in §383.51(d) of this subchapter, while
operating a CMV;
(7) No convictions for violating an out-of-service order, as defined in §383.51(e) of this subchapter;
(8) No more than one conviction for a serious traffic violation, as defined in §383.5 of this subchapter, while operating a
CMV; and
(9) No convictions for a violation of State or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control arising in connection with any
traffic crash, while operating a CMV.
(b) Driver-students meeting the preliminary requirements in paragraph (a) of this section shall successfully complete a
training program that meets the minimum unit requirements for LCV Triples as set forth in Appendix F to this part.
(c) Driver-students who successfully complete the Driver Training Program for LCV Triples shall be issued a certificate, in
accordance with subpart D of this part, indicating the driver is qualified to operate an LCV Triple.
[69 FR 16732, Mar. 30, 2004, as amended at 83 FR 22874, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top

Subpart C—LCV Driver-Instructor Requirements
Back to Top

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

6/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

§380.301 General requirements.
There are two types of LCV driver-instructors: Classroom instructors and Skills instructors. Except as provided in
§380.303, you must meet the conditions under paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this section to qualify as an LCV driverinstructor.
(a) Classroom instructor. To qualify as an LCV Classroom instructor, a person shall:
(1) Have audited the driver-training course that he/she intends to instruct.
(2) If employed by a training institution, meet all State requirements for a vocational instructor.
(b) Skills instructor. To qualify as an LCV skills instructor, a person shall:
(1) Provide evidence of successful completion of the Driver-Training Program requirements, as set forth in subpart B of
this part, when requested by employers and/or an authorized FMCSA, State, or local official in the course of a compliance
review. The Driver-Training Program must be for the operation of CMVs representative of the subject matter that he/she will
teach.
(2) If employed by a training institution, meet all State requirements for a vocational instructor;
(3) Possess a valid Class A CDL with all endorsements necessary to operate the CMVs applicable to the subject matter
being taught (LCV Doubles and/or LCV Triples, including any specialized variation thereof, such as a tank vehicle, that
requires an additional endorsement); and
(4) Have at least 2 years' CMV driving experience in a vehicle representative of the type of driver training to be provided
(LCV Doubles or LCV Triples).
Back to Top
§380.303 Substitute for instructor requirements.
(a) Classroom instructor. The requirements specified under §380.301(a) of this part for a qualified LCV driver-instructor
are waived for a classroom instructor-candidate who has 2 years of recent satisfactory experience teaching the classroom
portion of a program similar in content to that set forth in Appendix F to this part.
(b) Skills instructor. The requirements specified under §380.301(b) of this part for a qualified LCV driver-instructor are
waived for a skills instructor-candidate who:
(1) Meets the conditions of §380.111(b);
(2) Has CMV driving experience during the previous 2 years in a vehicle representative of the type of LCV that is the
subject of the training course to be provided;
(3) Has experience during the previous 2 years in teaching the operation of the type of LCV that is the subject of the
training course to be provided; and
(4) If employed by a training institution, meets all State requirements for a vocational instructor.
[69 FR 16732, Mar. 30, 2004, as amended at 83 FR 22874, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.305 Employer responsibilities.
(a) No motor carrier shall: (1) Knowingly allow, require, permit or authorize a driver-instructor in its employ, or under
contract to the motor carrier, to provide LCV driver training unless such person is a qualified LCV driver-instructor under the
requirements of this subpart; or
(2) Contract with a training institution to provide LCV driver training unless the institution:
(i) Uses instructors who are qualified LCV driver-instructors under the requirements of this subpart;
(ii) Is accredited by an accrediting institution recognized by the U.S. Department of Education;
(iii) Is in compliance with all applicable State training school requirements; and

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

7/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

(iv) Identifies drivers certified under §380.401 of this part, when requested by employers and/or an authorized FMCSA,
State, or local official in the course of a compliance review.
(b) A motor carrier that employs or has under contract qualified LCV driver-instructors shall provide evidence of the
certifications required by §380.301 or §380.303 of this part, when requested by an authorized FMCSA, State, or local official in
the course of a compliance review.
Back to Top

Subpart D—Driver-Training Certification
Back to Top
§380.401 Certification document.
(a) A student who successfully completes LCV driver training shall be issued a Driver-Training Certificate that is
substantially in accordance with the following form.

View or download PDF
(b) An LCV driver must provide a copy of the Driver-Training Certificate to his/her employer to be filed in the Driver
Qualification File.
Back to Top

Subpart E—Entry-Level Driver Training Requirements Before February 7, 2020
SOURCE: 69 FR 29404, May 21, 2004, unless otherwise noted.

Back to Top
§380.501 Applicability.
All entry-level drivers who drive in interstate commerce and are subject to the CDL requirements of part 383 of this
chapter must comply with the rules of this subpart, except drivers who are subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Transit
Administration or who are otherwise exempt under §390.3(f) of this subchapter.
Back to Top
§380.502 Definitions.
(a) The definitions in part 383 of this chapter apply to this part, except where otherwise specifically noted.
(b) As used in this subpart:

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

8/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Entry-level driver is a driver with less than one year of experience operating a CMV with a CDL in interstate commerce.
Entry-level driver training is training the CDL driver receives in driver qualification requirements, hours of service of
drivers, driver wellness, and whistleblower protection as appropriate to the entry-level driver's current position in addition to
passing the CDL test.
[69 FR 29404, May 21, 2004, as amended at 78 FR 58479, Sept. 24, 2013]

Back to Top
§380.503 Entry-level driver training requirements.
Entry-level driver training must include instruction addressing the following four areas:
(a) Driver qualification requirements. The Federal rules on medical certification, medical examination procedures, general
qualifications, responsibilities, and disqualifications based on various offenses, orders, and loss of driving privileges (part 391,
subparts B and E of this subchapter).
(b) Hours of service of drivers. The limitations on driving hours, the requirement to be off-duty for certain periods of time,
record of duty status preparation, and exceptions (part 395 of this subchapter). Fatigue countermeasures as a means to avoid
crashes.
(c) Driver wellness. Basic health maintenance including diet and exercise. The importance of avoiding excessive use of
alcohol.
(d) Whistleblower protection. The right of an employee to question the safety practices of an employer without the
employee's risk of losing a job or being subject to reprisals simply for stating a safety concern (29 CFR part 1978).
Back to Top
§380.505 Proof of training.
An employer who uses an entry-level driver must ensure the driver has received a training certificate containing all the
information contained in §380.513 from the training provider.
Back to Top
§380.507 Driver responsibilities.
Each entry-level driver must receive training required by §380.503.
Back to Top
§380.509 Employer responsibilities.
(a) Each employer must ensure each entry-level driver who first began operating a CMV requiring a CDL in interstate
commerce after July 20, 2003, receives training required by §380.503.
(b) Each employer must place a copy of the driver's training certificate in the driver's personnel or qualification file.
(c) All records required by this subpart shall be maintained as required by §390.31 of this subchapter and shall be made
available for inspection at the employer's principal place of business within two business days after a request has been made
by an authorized representative of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
Back to Top
§380.511 Employer recordkeeping responsibilities.
The employer must keep the records specified in §380.505 for as long as the employer employs the driver and for one
year thereafter.
Back to Top
§380.513 Required information on the training certificate.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

9/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

The training provider must provide a training certificate or diploma to the entry-level driver. If an employer is the training
provider, the employer must provide a training certificate or diploma to the entry-level driver. The certificate or diploma must
contain the following seven items of information:
(a) Date of certificate issuance.
(b) Name of training provider.
(c) Mailing address of training provider.
(d) Name of driver.
(e) A statement that the driver has completed training in driver qualification requirements, hours of service of drivers,
driver wellness, and whistleblower protection requirements substantially in accordance with the following sentence:
I certify __________has completed training requirements set forth in the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for entry-level driver training in
accordance with 49 CFR 380.503.

(f) The printed name of the person attesting that the driver has received the required training.
(g) The signature of the person attesting that the driver has received the required training.
[69 FR 29404, May 21, 2004, as amended at 78 FR 58479, Sept. 24, 2013

Back to Top

Subpart F—Entry-Level Driver Training Requirements On and After February 7, 2020
SOURCE: 81 FR 88790, Dec. 8, 2016, unless otherwise noted.

Back to Top
§380.600 Compliance date for training requirements for entry-level drivers.
Compliance with the provisions of this subpart is required on or after February 7, 2020.
Back to Top
§380.601 Purpose and scope.
This subpart establishes training requirements for entry-level drivers, as defined in this subpart, and minimum content for
theory and Behind-the-Wheel (BTW) training curricula. Entry-level driver training, as defined in this subpart, applies only to
those individuals who apply for a commercial driver's license (CDL) or a CDL upgrade or endorsement and does not otherwise
amend substantive CDL requirements in part 383 of this chapter.
Back to Top
§380.603 Applicability.
(a) The rules in this subpart apply to all entry-level drivers, as defined in this subpart, who intend to drive CMVs as defined
in §383.5 of this chapter in interstate and/or intrastate commerce, except:
(1) Drivers excepted from the CDL requirements under §383.3(c), (d), and (h) of this chapter;
(2) Drivers applying for a restricted CDL under §383.3(e) through (g) of this chapter;
(3) Veterans with military CMV experience who meet all the requirements and conditions of §383.77 of this chapter; and
(4) Drivers applying for a removal of a restriction in accordance with §383.135(b)(7).
(b) Drivers issued a Class A CDL, Class B CDL, or a passenger (P), school bus (S), or hazardous materials (H)
endorsement before February 7, 2020, are not required to comply with this subpart pertaining to that CDL or endorsement.
(c)(1) Individuals who obtain a CLP before February 7, 2020, are not required to comply with this subpart if they obtain a
CDL before the CLP or renewed CLP expires.
(2) Individuals who obtain a CLP on or after February 7, 2020, are required to comply with this subpart.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

10/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

(3) Except for individuals seeking the H endorsement, individuals must complete the theory and BTW (range and public
road) portions of entry-level driver training within one year of completing the first portion.
[81 FR 88790, Dec. 8, 2016, as amended at 83 FR 48725, Sept. 27, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.605 Definitions.
The definitions in parts 383 and 384 of this subchapter apply to this subpart, except as stated below. As used in this
subpart:
Behind-the-wheel (BTW) instructor means an individual who provides BTW training involving the actual operation of a
CMV by an entry-level driver on a range or a public road and meets one of these qualifications:
(1) Holds a CDL of the same (or higher) class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the CMV for which training
is to be provided and has at least 2 years of experience driving a CMV requiring a CDL of the same or higher class and/or the
same endorsement and meets all applicable State qualification requirements for CMV instructors; or
(2) Holds a CDL of the same (or higher) class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the CMV for which training
is to be provided and has at least 2 years of experience as a BTW CMV instructor and meets all applicable State qualification
requirements for CMV instructors.
Exception applicable to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this definition: A BTW instructor who provides training solely on a range
which is not a public road is not required to hold a CDL of the same (or higher) class and with all endorsements necessary to
operate the CMV for which training is to be provided, as long as the instructor previously held a CDL of the same (or higher)
class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the CMV for which training is to be provided, and complies with the
other requirements set forth in paragraphs (1) or (2) of this definition.
(3) If an instructor's CDL has been cancelled, suspended, or revoked due to any of the disqualifying offenses identified in
§383.51 of this subchapter, the instructor is prohibited from engaging in BTW instruction for 2 years following the date his or
her CDL is reinstated.
Behind-the-wheel (BTW) public road training means training provided by a BTW instructor when an entry-level driver has
actual control of the power unit during a driving lesson conducted on a public road. BTW public road training does not include
the time that an entry-level driver spends observing the operation of a CMV when he or she is not in control of the vehicle.
Behind-the-wheel (BTW) range training means training provided by a BTW instructor when an entry-level driver has actual
control of the power unit during a driving lesson conducted on a range. BTW range training does not include time an entrylevel driver spends observing the operation of a CMV when he or she is not in control of the vehicle.
Entry-level driver means an individual who must complete the CDL skills test requirements under §383.71 of this
subchapter prior to receiving a CDL for the first time, upgrading to a Class A or Class B CDL, or obtaining a hazardous
materials, passenger, or school bus endorsement for the first time. This definition does not include individuals for whom States
waive the CDL skills test under §383.77 or individuals seeking to remove a restriction in accordance with §383.135(b)(7) of this
subchapter.
Entry-level driver training means training an entry-level driver receives from an entity listed on FMCSA's Training Provider
Registry prior to:
(1) Taking the CDL skills test required to receive the Class A or Class B CDL for the first time;
(2) Taking the CDL skills test required to upgrade to a Class A or Class B CDL; or
(3) Taking the CDL skills test required to obtain a passenger and/or school bus endorsement for the first time or the CDL
knowledge test required to obtain a hazardous materials endorsement for the first time.
Range means an area that must be free of obstructions, enables the driver to maneuver safely and free from interference
from other vehicles and hazards, and has adequate sight lines.
Theory instruction means knowledge instruction on the operation of a CMV and related matters provided by a theory
instructor through lectures, demonstrations, audio-visual presentations, computer-based instruction, driving simulation devices,
online training, or similar means.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

11/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Theory instructor means an individual who provides knowledge instruction on the operation of a CMV and meets one of
these qualifications:
(1) Holds a CDL of the same (or higher) class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the CMV for which training
is to be provided and has at least 2 years of experience driving a CMV requiring a CDL of the same (or higher) class and/or
the same endorsement and meets all applicable State qualification requirements for CMV instructors; or
(2) Holds a CDL of the same (or higher) class and with all endorsements necessary to operate the CMV for which training
is to be provided and has at least 2 years of experience as a BTW CMV instructor and meets all applicable State qualification
requirements for CMV instructors.
Exceptions applicable to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this definition:
1. An instructor is not required to hold a CDL of the same (or higher) class and with all endorsements necessary to
operate the CMV for which training is to be provided, if the instructor previously held a CDL of the same (or higher) class and
complies with the other requirements set forth in paragraphs (1) or (2) of this definition.
2. Training providers offering online content exclusively are not required to meet State qualification requirements for theory
instructors.
(3) If an instructor's CDL has been cancelled, suspended, or revoked due to any of the disqualifying offenses identified in
§383.51 of this subchapter, the instructor is prohibited from engaging in theory instruction for 2 years following the date his or
her CDL is reinstated.
Training provider means an entity that is listed on the FMCSA Training Provider Registry, as required by subpart G of this
part. Training providers include, but are not limited to, training schools, educational institutions, rural electric cooperatives,
motor carriers, State/local governments, school districts, joint labor management programs, owner-operators, and individuals.
[83 FR 22874, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.609 General entry-level driver training requirements.
(a) An individual who applies, for the first time, for a Class A or Class B CDL, or who upgrades to a Class A or B CDL,
must complete driver training from a provider listed on the Training Provider Registry (TPR), as set forth in subpart G.
(b) An individual seeking to obtain a passenger (P), school bus (S), or hazardous materials (H) endorsement for the first
time, must complete the training related to that endorsement from a training provider listed on the TPR, as set forth in subpart
G.
Back to Top

Subpart G—Registry of Entry-Level Driver Training Providers
SOURCE: 81 FR 88791, Dec. 8, 2016, unless otherwise noted.

Back to Top
§380.700 Scope.
The rules in this subpart establish the eligibility requirements for listing on FMCSA's Training Provider Registry (TPR). In
order to provide entry-level driver training in compliance with this part, training providers must be listed on the TPR.
Back to Top
§380.703 Requirements for listing on the training provider registry (TPR).
(a) To be eligible for listing on the TPR, an entity must:
(1) Follow a curriculum that meets the applicable criteria set forth in appendices A through E of part 380,
(2) Utilize facilities that meet the criteria set forth in §380.709;
(3) Utilize vehicles that meet the criteria set forth in §380.711;
(4) Utilize driver training instructors that meet the criteria set forth in §380.713;

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

12/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

(5)(i) Be licensed, certified, registered, or authorized to provide training in accordance with the applicable laws and
regulations of any State where in-person training is conducted.
(ii) Exception: State qualification requirements otherwise applicable to theory instruction do not apply to providers offering
such instruction only online.
(6) Allow FMCSA or its authorized representative to audit or investigate the training provider's operations to ensure that
the provider meets the criteria set forth in this section.
(7) Electronically transmit an Entry-Level Driver Training Provider Registration Form through the TPR Web site maintained
by FMCSA, which attests that the training provider meets all the applicable requirements of this section, to obtain a unique
TPR number. If a training provider has more than one campus or training location, the training provider must electronically
transmit an Entry-Level Driver Training Provider Registration Form for each campus or training location in order to obtain a
unique TPR number for each location.
(b) When a provider meets the requirements of §§380.703 and 380.707, FMCSA will issue the provider a unique TPR
number and, as applicable, add the provider's name and/or contact information to the TPR Web site.
Back to Top
§380.707 Entry-level training provider.
(a) Training providers must require all accepted applicants for behind-the-wheel (BTW) training to certify that they will
comply U.S. Department of Transportation regulations in parts 40, 382, 383, and 391, as well as State and/or local laws,
related to controlled substances testing, age, medical certification, licensing, and driving record. Training providers must verify
that all accepted BTW applicants or Class A theory instruction upgrade curriculum applicants hold a valid commercial learner's
permit or commercial driver's license, as applicable.
(b) Training providers offering online training must ensure that the content is prepared and/or delivered by a theory
instructor, as defined in §380.605.
(c) Separate training providers may deliver the theory and BTW portions of the training, but both portions (range and
public road) of the BTW training must be delivered by the same training provider.
[81 FR 88791, Dec. 8, 2016, as amended at 84 FR 4040, Mar. 6, 2019; 84 FR 10437, Mar. 21, 2019]

Back to Top
§380.709 Facilities.
The training provider's classroom and range facilities must comply with all applicable Federal, State, and/or local statutes
and regulations.
Back to Top
§380.711 Equipment.
(a) All vehicles used in the behind-the-wheel training must comply with applicable Federal and State safety requirements.
(b) Training vehicles must be in the same group and type that driver-trainees intend to operate for their CDL skills test.
Back to Top
§380.713 Instructor requirements.
(a) Theory training providers must utilize instructors who are theory instructors as defined in §380.605.
(b) BTW training providers must utilize instructors who are BTW instructors as defined in §380.605.
[83 FR 22875, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.715 Assessments.
(a) Training providers must use written assessments to determine driver-trainees' proficiency in the knowledge objectives
in the theory portion of each unit of instruction in appendices A through E of part 380, as applicable. The driver-trainee must

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

13/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

receive an overall minimum score of 80 percent on the theory assessment.
(b) Training instructors must evaluate and document a driver-trainee's proficiency in BTW skills in accordance with the
curricula in appendices A through D of part 380, as applicable.
[81 FR 88791, Dec. 8, 2016, as amended at 83 FR 16225, Apr. 16, 2018]

Back to Top
§380.717 Training certification.
After an individual completes training administered by a provider listed on the TPR, that provider must, by midnight of the
second business day after the driver-trainee completes the training, electronically transmit training certification information
through the TPR Web site including the following:
(a) Driver-trainee name, number of driver's license/commercial learner's permit/commercial driver's license, as applicable,
and State of licensure;
(b) Commercial driver's license class and/or endorsement and type of training (theory and/or BTW) the driver-trainee
completed;
(c) Total number of clock hours the driver-trainee spent to complete BTW training, as applicable;
(d) Name of the training provider and its unique TPR identification number; and
(e) Date(s) of successful training completion.
Back to Top
§380.719 Requirements for continued listing on the training provider registry (TPR).
(a) To be eligible for continued listing on the TPR, a provider must:
(1) Meet the requirements of this subpart and the applicable requirements of §380.703.
(2) Biennially update the Entry-Level Driver Training Provider Registration Form.
(3) Report to FMCSA changes to key information, as identified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section, within 30 days of the
change.
(i) Key information is defined as training provider name, address, phone number, type(s) of training offered, training
provider status, and, if applicable, any change in State licensure, certification, or accreditation status.
(ii) Changes must be reported by electronically transmitting an updated Entry-Level Driver Training Provider Registration
Form.
(4) Maintain documentation of State licensure, registration, or certification verifying that the provider is authorized to
provide training in that State, if applicable.
(5) Allow an audit or investigation of the training provider to be completed by FMCSA or its authorized representative, if
requested.
(6) Ensure that all required documentation, as set forth in §380.725, is available to FMCSA or its authorized
representative, upon request. The provider must submit this documentation within 48 hours of the request.
(b) [Reserved]
Back to Top
§380.721 Removal from training provider registry: factors considered.
FMCSA may remove a provider from the TPR when a provider fails to meet or maintain any of the qualifications
established by this subpart or the requirements of other State and Federal regulations applicable to the provider. If FMCSA
removes a provider from the TPR, any training conducted after the removal date will be considered invalid.
(a) The factors FMCSA may consider for removing a provider from the TPR include, but are not limited to, the following:

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

14/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

(1) The provider fails to comply with the requirements for continued listing on the TPR, as described in §380.719.
(2) The provider denies FMCSA or its authorized representatives the opportunity to conduct an audit or investigation of its
training operations.
(3) The audit or investigation conducted by FMCSA or its authorized representatives identifies material deficiencies,
pertaining to the training provider's program, operations, or eligibility.
(4) The provider falsely claims to be licensed, certified, registered, or authorized to provide training in accordance with the
applicable laws and regulations in any State where in-person training is provided.
(5) The State-administered CDL skills examination passage rate for applicants for the Class A CDL, Class B CDL,
passenger endorsement, and/or school bus endorsement who complete the provider's training and the CDL knowledge test
passage rate for applicants for the hazardous materials endorsement who complete the provider's training.
(b) In instances of fraud or other criminal behavior by a training provider in which driver-trainees have knowingly
participated, FMCSA reserves the right, on a case-by-case basis, to retroactively invalidate training conducted under this
subpart .
Back to Top
§380.723 Removal from training provider registry: procedure.
(a) Voluntary removal. To be voluntarily removed from the Training Provider Registry (TPR), a provider must submit
written notice to FMCSA's Director, Office of Carrier, Driver, and Vehicle Safety Standards (Director). Upon receiving the
written notice, FMCSA will remove the training provider from the TPR. On and after the date of issuance of a notice of
proposed removal from the TPR issued in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section, such a voluntary removal notice will
not be effective.
(b) Involuntary removal; Notice of proposed removal. Except as provided by paragraphs (a) and (e) of this section,
FMCSA initiates the process for involuntary removal of a provider from the TPR by issuing a written notice to the provider,
stating the reasons for the proposed removal and setting forth any corrective actions necessary for the provider to remain
listed on the TPR. If a notice of proposed removal is issued, the provider must notify current driver-trainees and driver-trainees
scheduled for future training of the proposed removal. If a notice of proposed removal is issued to a training provider listed on
the TPR Web site, FMCSA will note on the TPR Web site that such notice has been issued. FMCSA will remove the notation if
the notice is withdrawn.
(c) Response to notice of proposed removal and corrective action. A training provider that has received a notice of
proposed removal and wishes to remain on the TPR must submit a written response to the Director no later than 30 days after
the date of issuance of the notice explaining why it believes that decision is not proper, as described in paragraph (c)(1) of this
section. Alternatively, the provider will set forth corrective actions taken in response to FMCSA's notice of proposed removal,
as described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
(1) Opposing a notice of proposed removal. If the provider believes FMCSA has relied on erroneous information in
proposing removal from the TPR, the provider must explain the basis for that belief and provide supporting documentation.
The Director will review the explanation.
(i) If the Director finds that FMCSA has relied on erroneous information to propose removal of a training provider from the
TPR, the Director will withdraw the notice of proposed removal and notify the provider of the withdrawal in writing.
(ii) If the Director finds that FMCSA has not relied on erroneous information in proposing removal, the Director will affirm
the notice of proposed removal and notify the provider in writing of the determination. No later than 60 days after the date the
Director affirms the notice of proposed removal, or as otherwise agreed to by the provider and the Director, the provider must
comply with this subpart and correct the deficiencies identified in the notice of proposed removal as described in paragraph (c)
(2) of this section.
(iii) If the provider does not respond in writing within 30 days of the date of issuance of a notice of proposed removal, the
removal becomes effective immediately and the provider will be removed from the TPR. Any training conducted after the
removal date is invalid.
(2) Corrective action. (i) The provider must comply with this subpart and complete the corrective actions specified in the
notice of proposed removal no later than 60 days after either the date of issuance of the notice of proposed removal or the
date the Director subsequently affirms or modifies the notice of proposed removal. The provider must provide documentation
of completion of the corrective action(s) to the Director. The Director may conduct an investigation and request any

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

15/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

documentation necessary to verify that the provider has complied with this subpart and completed the required corrective
action(s). The Director will notify the provider in writing whether it has met the requirements for continued listing on the TPR.
(ii) If the provider fails to complete the proposed corrective action(s) within the 60-day period, the provider will be removed
from the TPR. The Director will notify the provider in writing of the removal.
(d) Request for administrative review. If a provider has been removed from the TPR under paragraph (c)(1)(iii), (c)(2)(ii), or
(e) of this section, the provider may request an administrative review. The request must be submitted in writing to the FMCSA
Associate Administrator for Policy (Associate Administrator) no later than 30 days after the effective date of the removal. The
request must explain the alleged error(s) committed in removing the provider from the TPR, and include all factual, legal, and
procedural issues in dispute, as well as any supporting documentation.
(1) Additional procedures for administrative review. The Associate Administrator may ask the provider to submit additional
information or attend a conference to discuss the removal. If the provider does not provide the information requested, or does
not attend the scheduled conference, the Associate Administrator may dismiss the request for administrative review.
(2) Decision on administrative review. The Associate Administrator will complete the administrative review and notify the
provider in writing of the decision. The decision constitutes final Agency action. If the Associate Administrator deems the
removal to be invalid, FMCSA will reinstate the provider's listing on the TPR.
(e) Emergency removal. In cases of fraud, criminal behavior, or willful disregard of the regulations in this subpart or in
which public health, interest, or safety requires, the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section are not applicable. In these
cases, the Director may immediately remove a provider from the TPR. In instances of fraud or other criminal behavior by a
training provider in which driver-trainees have knowingly participated, FMCSA reserves the right to retroactively invalidate
training conducted under this subpart. A provider who has been removed under the provisions of this paragraph may request
an administrative review of that decision as described under paragraph (d) of this section.
(f) Reinstatement to the Training Provider Registry. (1) Any time after a training provider's voluntary removal from the TPR,
the provider may apply to the Director to be reinstated.
(2) No sooner than 30 days after the date of a provider's involuntary removal from the TPR, the provider may apply to the
Director to be reinstated. The provider must submit documentation showing completion of any corrective action(s) identified in
the notice of proposed removal or final notice of removal, as applicable.
Back to Top
§380.725 Documentation and record retention.
(a) Applicability. The documentation and retention of records required by this subpart apply to entities that meet the
requirements of subpart F of this part and are eligible for listing on the Training Provider Registry (TPR).
(b) Document retention. All training providers on the TPR must retain the following:
(1) Self-certifications by all accepted applicants for behind-the-wheel (BTW) training attesting that they will comply with
U.S. Department of Transportation regulations in parts 40, 382, 383 and 391, as well as State and/or local laws, related to
alcohol and controlled substances testing, age, medical certification, licensing, and driver records, as required in 380.707(a).
(2) A copy of the driver-trainee's commercial learner's permit(s) or commercial driver's license, as applicable, as required
in 380.707(a).
(3) Instructor qualification documentation indicating driving and/or training experience, as applicable, for each instructor
and copies of commercial driver's licenses and applicable endorsements held by BTW instructors or theory instructors, as
applicable.
(4) The Training Provider Registration Form submitted to the TPR.
(5) The lesson plans for theory and BTW (range and public road) training curricula, as applicable.
(6) Records of individual entry-level driver training assessments as described in §380.715.
(c) Retention of records. Training providers listed on the TPR must retain the records identified in paragraph (b) of this
section for a minimum of three years from the date each required record is generated or received, unless a record, such as a
BTW instructor's CDL, has expired or been canceled, in which case the most recent, valid CDL should be retained, if
applicable. The provisions of this part do not affect a training provider's obligation to comply with any other local, State, or
Federal requirements prescribing longer retention periods for any category of records described herein.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

16/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Back to Top
Appendix A to Part 380—Class A—CDL Training Curriculum
Class A CDL applicants must complete the Class A CDL curriculum outlined in this Appendix. The curriculum for Class A
applicants pertains to combination vehicles (Group A) as defined in 49 CFR 383.91(a)(1). Class A CDL applicants who
possess a valid Class B CDL may complete the Theory Instruction Upgrade Curriculum in lieu of the Theory Instruction
Standard Curriculum. There is no required minimum number of instruction hours for theory training, but the training instructor
must cover all topics set forth in the curriculum. There is no required minimum number of instruction hours for BTW (range and
public road) training, but the training instructor must cover all topics set forth in the BTW curriculum. BTW training must be
conducted in a CMV for which a Class A CDL is required. The instructor must determine and document that each drivertrainee has demonstrated proficiency in all elements of the BTW curriculum, unless otherwise noted. Consistent with the
definitions of BTW range training and BTW public road training in §380.605, a simulation device cannot be used to conduct
such training or to demonstrate proficiency. Training instructors must document the total number of clock hours each drivertrainee spends to complete the BTW curriculum. The Class A curriculum must, at a minimum, include the following:
THEORY INSTRUCTION STANDARD CURRICULUM
Section A1.1 Basic Operation
This section must cover the interaction between driver-trainees and the CMV. Driver-trainees will receive instruction in the
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) and will be introduced to the basic CMV instruments and controls.
Training providers will teach driver-trainees the basic operating characteristics of a CMV. This section must also teach drivertrainees how to properly perform vehicle inspections, control the motion of CMVs under various road and traffic conditions,
employ shifting and backing techniques, and properly couple and uncouple combination vehicles. Driver-trainees must
familiarize themselves with the basic operating characteristics of a CMV.
Unit A1.1.1 Orientation
This unit must introduce driver-trainees to the combination vehicle driver training curriculum and the components of a
combination vehicle. The training providers must teach the safety fundamentals, essential regulatory requirements (e.g.,
overview of FMCSRs and Hazardous Materials Regulations), and driver-trainees' responsibilities not directly related to CMV
driving, such as proper cargo securement. This unit must also cover the ramifications, including driver disqualification
provisions and fines, for non-compliance with parts 380, 382, 383, and 390 through 399 of the FMCSRs. This unit must also
include an overview of the applicability of State and local laws relating to the safe operation of the CMV, stopping at weigh
stations/scales, hazard awareness of vehicle size and weight limitations, low clearance areas (e.g., CMV height restrictions),
and bridge formulas.
Unit A1.1.2 Control Systems/Dashboard
This unit must introduce driver-trainees to vehicle instruments, controls, and safety components. The training providers
must teach driver-trainees to read gauges and instruments correctly and the proper use of vehicle safety components,
including safety belts and mirrors. The training providers must teach driver-trainees to identify, locate, and explain the function
of each of the primary and secondary controls including those required for steering, accelerating, shifting, braking systems
(e.g., ABS, hydraulic, air), as applicable, and parking.
Unit A1.1.3 Pre- and Post-Trip Inspections
This unit must teach the driver-trainees to conduct pre-trip and post-trip inspections as specified in §§392.7 and 396.11,
including appropriate inspection locations. Instruction must also be provided on enroute vehicle inspections.
Unit A1.1.4 Basic Control
This unit must introduce basic vehicular control and handling as it applies to combination vehicles. This unit must include
instruction addressing basic combination vehicle controls in areas such as executing sharp left and right turns, centering the
vehicle, maneuvering in restricted areas, and entering and exiting the interstate or controlled access highway.
Unit A1.1.5 Shifting/Operating Transmissions
This unit must introduce shifting patterns and procedures to driver-trainees to prepare them to safely and competently
perform basic shifting maneuvers. This unit must include training driver-trainees to execute up and down shifting techniques on
multi-speed dual range transmissions, if appropriate. The training providers must teach the importance of increased vehicle
control and improved fuel economy achieved by utilizing proper shifting techniques.
Unit A1.1.6 Backing and Docking

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

17/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

This unit must teach driver-trainees to back and dock the combination vehicle safely. This unit must cover “Get Out and
Look” (GOAL), evaluation of backing/loading facilities, knowledge of backing set ups, as well as instruction in how to back with
the use of spotters.
Unit A1.1.7 Coupling and Uncoupling
This unit must provide instruction for driver-trainees to develop the skills necessary to conduct the procedures for safe
coupling and uncoupling of combination vehicle units, as applicable.
Section A1.2 Safe Operating Procedures
This section must teach the practices required for safe operation of the combination vehicle on the highway under various
road, weather, and traffic conditions. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the Federal rules governing the proper
use of seat belt assemblies (§392.16).
Unit A1.2.1 Visual Search
This unit must teach driver-trainees to visually search the road for potential hazards and critical objects, including
instruction on recognizing distracted pedestrians or distracted drivers.
Unit A1.2.2 Communication
This unit must instruct driver-trainees on how to communicate their intentions to other road users. Driver-trainees must be
instructed in techniques for different types of communication on the road, including proper use of headlights, turn signals, fourway flashers, and horns. This unit must cover instruction in proper utilization of eye contact techniques with other drivers,
bicyclists, and pedestrians.
Unit A1.2.3 Distracted Driving
This unit must instruct driver-trainees in FMCSRs related to distracted driving and other key driver distraction driving
issues, including improper cell phone use, texting, and use of in-cab technology (e.g., §§392.80 and 392.82). This instruction
will include training in the following aspects: visual attention (keeping eyes on the road); manual control (keeping hands on the
wheel); and cognitive awareness (keeping mind on the task and safe operation of the CMV).
Unit A1.2.4 Speed Management
This unit must teach driver-trainees how to manage speed effectively in response to various road, weather, and traffic
conditions. The instruction must include methods for calibrating safe following distances taking into account CMV braking
distances under an array of conditions including traffic, weather, and CMV weight and length.
Unit A1.2.5 Space Management
This unit must teach driver-trainees about the importance of managing the space surrounding the vehicle under various
traffic and road conditions.
Unit A1.2.6 Night Operation
This unit must instruct driver-trainees in the factors affecting the safe operation of CMVs at night and in darkness.
Additionally, driver-trainees must be instructed in changes in vision, communications, speed space management, and proper
use of lights, as needed, to deal with the special problems night driving presents.
Unit A1.2.7 Extreme Driving Conditions
This unit must teach driver-trainees about the specific problems presented by extreme driving conditions. The training
provider will emphasize the factors affecting the operation of CMVs in cold, hot, and inclement weather and on steep grades
and sharp curves. The training provider must teach proper tire chaining procedures.
Section A1.3 Advanced Operating Practices
This section must introduce higher-level skills that can be acquired only after the more fundamental skills and knowledge
taught in the prior two sections have been mastered. The training providers must teach driver-trainees about the advanced
skills necessary to recognize potential hazards and must teach the driver-trainees the procedures needed to handle a CMV
when faced with a hazard.
Unit A1.3.1 Hazard Perception

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

18/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

The unit must teach driver-trainees to recognize potential hazards in the driving environment in order to reduce the
severity of the hazard and neutralize possible emergency situations. The training providers must teach driver-trainees to
identify road conditions and other road users that are a potential threat to the safety of the combination vehicle and suggest
appropriate adjustments. The instruction must emphasize hazard recognition, visual search, adequate surveillance, and
response to possible emergency-producing situations encountered by CMV drivers in various traffic situations. The training
providers must teach driver-trainees to recognize potential dangers and the safety procedures that must be utilized while
driving in construction/work zones.
Unit A1.3.2 Skid Control/Recovery, Jackknifing, and Other Emergencies
This unit must teach the causes of skidding and jackknifing and techniques for avoiding and recovering from them. The
training providers must teach the importance of maintaining directional control and bringing the CMV to a stop in the shortest
possible distance while operating over a slippery surface. This unit must provide instruction in appropriate responses when
faced with CMV emergencies. This instruction must include evasive steering, emergency braking, and off-road recovery, as
well as the proper response to brake failures, tire blowouts, hydroplaning, and rollovers. The instruction must include a review
of unsafe acts and the role the acts play in producing or worsening hazardous situations.
Unit A1.3.3 Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings
This unit must teach driver-trainees to recognize potential dangers and the appropriate safety procedures to utilize at
railroad (RR)-highway grade crossings. This instruction must include an overview of various Federal/State RR grade crossing
regulations, RR grade crossing environments, obstructed view conditions, clearance around the tracks, and rail signs and
signals. The training providers must instruct driver-trainees that railroads have personnel available (“Emergency Notification
Systems”) to receive notification of any information relating to an unsafe condition at the RR-highway grade crossing or a
disabled vehicle or other obstruction blocking a railroad track at the RR-highway grade crossing.
Section A1.4 Vehicle Systems and Reporting Malfunctions
This section must provide entry-level driver-trainees with sufficient knowledge of the combination vehicle and its systems
and subsystems to ensure that they understand and respect their role in vehicle inspection, operation, and maintenance and
the impact of those factors upon highway safety and operational efficiency.
Unit A1.4.1 Identification and Diagnosis of Malfunctions
This unit must teach driver-trainees to identify major combination vehicle systems. The goal is to explain their function and
how to check all key vehicle systems, (e.g., engine, engine exhaust auxiliary systems, brakes, drive train, coupling systems,
and suspension) to ensure their safe operation. Driver-trainees must be provided with a detailed description of each system, its
importance to safe and efficient operation, and what is needed to keep the system in good operating condition.
Unit A1.4.2 Roadside Inspections
This unit must instruct driver-trainees on what to expect during a standard roadside inspection conducted by authorized
personnel. The training providers must teach driver-trainees on what vehicle and driver violations are classified as out-ofservice (OOS), including the ramifications and penalties for operating a CMV when subject to an OOS order as defined in
section 390.5.
Unit A1.4.3 Maintenance
This unit must introduce driver-trainees to the basic servicing and checking procedures for various engine and vehicle
components and to help develop their ability to perform preventive maintenance and simple emergency repairs.
Section A1.5 Non-Driving Activities
This section must teach driver-trainees the activities that do not involve actually operating the CMV.
Unit A1.5.1 Handling and Documenting Cargo
This unit must teach the basic theory of cargo weight distribution, cargo securement on the vehicle, cargo covering, and
techniques for safe and efficient loading/unloading. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the basic cargo
security/cargo theft prevention procedures. The training provider must teach driver-trainees the basic information regarding the
proper handling and documentation of HM cargo.
Unit A1.5.2 Environmental Compliance Issues

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

19/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

This unit must teach driver-trainees to recognize environmental hazards and issues related to the CMV and load, and also
make the driver-trainee aware that city, county, State, and Federal requirements may apply to such circumstances.
Unit A1.5.3 Hours of Service Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees to understand that there are different hours-of-service (HOS) requirements applicable
to different industries. The training providers must teach driver-trainees all applicable HOS regulatory requirements. The
training providers must teach driver-trainees to complete a Driver's Daily Log (electronic and paper), timesheet, and logbook
recap, as appropriate. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the consequences (safety, legal, and personal) of
violating the HOS regulations, including the fines and penalties imposed for these types of violations.
Unit A1.5.4 Fatigue and Wellness Awareness
This unit must teach driver-trainees about the issues and consequences of chronic and acute driver fatigue and the
importance of staying alert. The training providers must teach driver-trainees wellness and basic health maintenance
information that affect a driver's ability to safely operate a CMV.
Unit A1.5.5 Post-Crash Procedures
This unit must teach driver-trainees appropriate post-crash procedures, including the requirement that the driver, if
possible, assess his or her physical condition immediately after the crash and notify authorities or assign the task to other
individuals at the crash scene. The training providers must teach driver-trainees how to protect the area; obtain emergency
medical assistance; move on-road vehicles off the road in minor crashes so as to avoid subsequent crashes or injuries;
engage flashers; place reflective triangles and other warning devices for stopped vehicles; and properly use a fire extinguisher,
if necessary. The training providers must instruct driver-trainees in post-crash testing requirements related to controlled
substances and alcohol.
Unit A1.5.6 External Communications
This unit must teach driver-trainees the value of effective interpersonal communication techniques/skills to interact with
enforcement officials. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the specifics of the roadside vehicle inspection
process, and what to expect during this activity. Driver-trainees who are not English speakers must be instructed in FMCSA
English language proficiency requirements. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the impact that violating Federal
and state regulations has on their driving records and their employing motor carrier's records.
Unit A1.5.7 Whistleblower/Coercion
This unit must teach the driver-trainees about the right of an employee to question the safety practices of an employer
without incurring the risk of losing a job or being subject to reprisals simply for stating a safety concern. The training providers
must instruct driver-trainees in the whistleblower protection regulations in 29 CFR part 1978. The training providers must teach
the procedures for reporting to FMCSA incidents of coercion from motor carriers, shippers, receivers, or transportation
intermediaries.
Unit A1.5.8 Trip Planning
This unit must address the importance of and requirements for planning routes and trips. This instruction must address
planning the safest route, planning for rest stops, heavy traffic areas, railroad-highway grade crossing safe clearance and
ground clearance (i.e., “high center”), the importance of Federal and State requirements on the need for permits, and vehicle
size and weight limitations. The training providers must teach driver-trainees in the correct identification of restricted routes,
the pros and cons of Global Positioning System (GPS)/trip routing software, and the importance of selecting fuel-efficient
routes.
Unit A1.5.9 Drugs/Alcohol
This unit must teach driver-trainees the rules applicable to controlled substances (including prescription drugs) and
alcohol use and testing related to the operation of a CMV.
Unit A1.5.10 Medical Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees the Federal rules on medical certification, medical examination procedures, general
qualifications, responsibilities, and disqualifications based on various offenses, orders, and loss of driving privileges (49 CFR
part 391, subparts B and E).
BEHIND-THE-WHEEL—RANGE

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

20/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

BTW range training must teach driving exercises related to basic vehicle control skills and mastery of basic maneuvers, as
covered in §§383.111 and 383.113 of this chapter, necessary to operate the vehicle safely. The training providers will teach
activities in this unit on a driving range as defined in §380.605. The training provider must teach “Get Out and Look” (GOAL) to
the driver-trainee as it applies to units A2.2-2.6.
Unit A2.1 Vehicle Inspection Pre-Trip/Enroute/Post-Trip
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in conducting pre-trip and post-trip inspections as specified in §§392.7 and
396.11, including appropriate inspection locations. Instruction must also be provided on enroute vehicle inspections.
Unit A2.2 Straight Line Backing
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing various straight line backing maneuvers
to appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit A2.3 Alley Dock Backing (45/90 Degree)
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing 45/90 degree alley dock maneuvers to
appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit A2.4 Off-Set Backing
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing off-set right and left backing maneuvers
to appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit A2.5 Parallel Parking Blind Side
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing parallel parking blind side
positions/maneuvers to appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit A2.6 Parallel Parking Sight Side
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing sight side parallel parking maneuvers to
appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit A2.7 Coupling and Uncoupling
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for coupling, inspecting, and uncoupling combination
vehicle units, as applicable.
BEHIND-THE-WHEEL—PUBLIC ROAD
The instructor must engage in active two-way communication with the driver-trainees during all active BTW public road
training sessions. Skills described in paragraphs A3.8 through 3.12 of this section must be discussed during public road
training, but not necessarily performed. Driver-trainees are not required to demonstrate proficiency in the skills described in
paragraphs A3.8 through 3.12.
Unit A3.1 Vehicle Controls Including: Left Turn, Right Turns, Lane Changes, Curves at Highway Speeds, and Entry and Exit
on the Interstate or Controlled Access Highway
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for initiating vehicle movement, executing left and right
turns, changing lanes, navigating curves at speed, entry and exit on the interstate or controlled access highway, and stopping
the vehicle in a controlled manner.
Unit A3.2 Shifting/Transmission
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing safe and fuel-efficient shifting.
Unit A3.3 Communications/Signaling
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for signaling intentions and effectively communicating
with other drivers.
Unit A3.4 Visual Search

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

21/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for visually searching the road for potential hazards
and critical objects.
Unit A3.5 Speed and Space Management
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper habits and techniques for adjusting and maintaining vehicle speed,
taking into consideration various factors such as traffic and road conditions. Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in
maintaining proper speed to keep appropriate spacing between the driver-trainee's CMV and other vehicles. Instruction must
include methods for calibrating safe following distances under an array of conditions including traffic, weather, and CMV weight
and length.
Unit A3.6 Safe Driver Behavior
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in safe driver behavior during their operation of the CMV.
Unit A3.7 Hours of Service (HOS) Requirements
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in the basic activities required by the HOS regulations, such as completing a
Driver's Daily Log (electronic and paper), timesheet, and logbook recap, as appropriate.
Unit A3.8 Hazard Perception
Driver-trainees must demonstrate their ability to recognize potential hazards in the driving environment in time to reduce
the severity of the hazard and neutralize possible emergency situations. Driver-trainees must demonstrate the ability to identify
road conditions and other road users that are a potential threat to the safety of the combination vehicle and suggest
appropriate adjustments.
Unit A3.9 Railroad (RR)-Highway Grade Crossing
Driver-trainees must demonstrate the ability to recognize potential dangers and to demonstrate appropriate safety
procedures when RR-highway grade crossings are reasonably available.
Unit A3.10 Night Operation
Driver-trainees must be familiar with how to operate a CMV safely at night. Training providers must teach driver-trainees
that night driving presents specific circumstances that require heightened attention on the part of the driver. Driver-trainees
must be taught special requirements for night vision, communications, speed, space management, and proper use of lights.
Unit A3.11 Extreme Driving Conditions
Driver-trainees must be familiar with the special risks created by, and the heightened precautions required by, driving
CMVs under extreme driving conditions, such as heavy rain, high wind, high heat, fog, snow, ice, steep grades, and sharp
curves. Driver-trainees must demonstrate their ability to recognize the changes in basic driving habits needed to deal with the
specific challenges presented by these extreme driving conditions.
Unit A3.12 Skid Control/Recovery, Jackknifing, and Other Emergencies
Driver-trainees must know the causes of skidding and jackknifing and techniques for avoiding and recovering from them.
Driver-trainees must know how to maintain directional control and bring the CMV to a stop in the shortest possible distance
while operating over a slippery surface. Driver-trainees must be familiar with proper techniques for responding to CMV
emergencies, such as evasive steering, emergency braking, and off-road recovery. They must also know how to prevent or
respond to brake failures, tire blowouts, hydroplaning, and rollovers.
THEORY INSTRUCTION UPGRADE CURRICULUM
Section BA1.1 Basic Operation
This section must cover the interaction between driver-trainees and the CMV. Driver-trainees will receive instruction in the
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) and will be introduced to the basic CMV instruments and controls.
Training providers will teach driver-trainees the basic operating characteristics of a CMV. This section must also teach drivertrainees how to properly perform vehicle inspections, control the motion of CMVs under various road and traffic conditions,
employ shifting and backing techniques, and properly couple and uncouple combination vehicles. Driver-trainees must
familiarize themselves with the basic operating characteristics of a CMV.
Unit BA1.1.1 Orientation

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

22/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

This unit must introduce driver-trainees to the combination vehicle driver training curriculum and the components of a
combination vehicle. The training providers must teach the safety fundamentals, essential regulatory requirements
(e.g.,overview of FMCSRs and Hazardous Materials Regulations), and driver-trainees' responsibilities not directly related to
CMV driving, such as proper cargo securement. This unit must also cover the ramifications, including driver disqualification
provisions and fines, for non-compliance with parts 380, 382, 383, and 390 through 399 of the FMCSRs. This unit must also
include an overview of the applicability of State and local laws relating to the safe operation of the CMV, stopping at weigh
stations/scales, hazard awareness of vehicle size and weight limitations, low clearance areas (e.g., CMV height restrictions),
and bridge formulas.
Unit BA1.1.2 Control Systems/Dashboard
This unit must introduce driver-trainees to vehicle instruments, controls, and safety components. The training providers
must teach driver-trainees to read gauges and instruments correctly and the proper use of vehicle safety components,
including safety belts and mirrors. The training providers must teach driver-trainees to identify, locate, and explain the function
of each of the primary and secondary controls including those required for steering, accelerating, shifting, braking systems
(e.g., ABS, hydraulic, air), as applicable, and parking.
Unit BA1.1.3 Pre- and Post-Trip Inspections
This unit must teach the driver-trainees to conduct pre-trip and post-trip inspections as specified in §§392.7 and 396.11,
including appropriate inspection locations. Instruction must also be provided on en route vehicle inspections.
Unit BA1.1.4 Basic Control
This unit must introduce basic vehicular control and handling as it applies to combination vehicles. This unit must include
instruction addressing basic combination vehicle controls in areas such as executing sharp left and right turns, centering the
vehicle, maneuvering in restricted areas, and entering and exiting the interstate or controlled access highway.
Unit BA1.1.5 Shifting/Operating Transmissions
This unit must introduce shifting patterns and procedures to driver-trainees to prepare them to safely and competently
perform basic shifting maneuvers. This unit must include training driver-trainees to execute up and down shifting techniques on
multi-speed dual range transmissions, if appropriate. The training providers must teach the importance of increased vehicle
control and improved fuel economy achieved by utilizing proper shifting techniques.
Unit BA1.1.6 Backing and Docking
This unit must teach driver-trainees to back and dock the combination vehicle safely. This unit must cover “Get Out and
Look” (GOAL), evaluation of backing/loading facilities, knowledge of backing set ups, as well as instruction in how to back with
the use of spotters.
Unit BA1.1.7 Coupling and Uncoupling
This unit must provide instruction for driver-trainees to develop the skills necessary to conduct the procedures for safe
coupling and uncoupling of combination vehicle units, as applicable.
Section BA1.2 Safe Operating Procedures
This section must teach the practices required for safe operation of the combination vehicle on the highway under various
road, weather, and traffic conditions. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the Federal rules governing the proper
use of seat belt assemblies (§392.16).
Unit BA1.2.1 Visual Search
This unit must teach driver-trainees to visually search the road for potential hazards and critical objects, including
instruction on recognizing distracted pedestrians or distracted drivers.
Unit BA1.2.2 Communication
This unit must instruct driver-trainees on how to communicate their intentions to other road users. Driver-trainees must be
instructed in techniques for different types of communication on the road, including proper use of headlights, turn signals, fourway flashers, and horns. This unit must cover instruction in proper utilization of eye contact techniques with other drivers,
bicyclists, and pedestrians.
Unit BA1.2.3 Distracted Driving

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

23/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

This unit must instruct driver-trainees in FMCSRs related to distracted driving and other key driver distraction driving
issues, including improper cell phone use, texting, and use of in-cab technology (e.g., §§392.80 and 392.82). This instruction
will include training in the following aspects: visual attention (keeping eyes on the road); manual control (keeping hands on the
wheel); and cognitive awareness (keeping mind on the task and safe operation of the CMV).
Unit BA1.2.4 Speed Management
This unit must teach driver-trainees how to manage speed effectively in response to various road, weather, and traffic
conditions. The instruction must include methods for calibrating safe following distances taking into account CMV braking
distances under an array of conditions including traffic, weather, and CMV weight and length.
Unit BA1.2.5 Space Management
This unit must teach driver-trainees about the importance of managing the space surrounding the vehicle under various
traffic and road conditions.
Unit BA1.2.6 Night Operation
This unit must instruct driver-trainees in the factors affecting the safe operation of CMVs at night and in darkness.
Additionally, driver-trainees must be instructed in changes in vision, communications, speed space management, and proper
use of lights, as needed, to deal with the special problems night driving presents.
Unit BA1.2.7 Extreme Driving Conditions
This unit must teach driver-trainees about the specific problems presented by extreme driving conditions. The training
provider will emphasize the factors affecting the operation of CMVs in cold, hot, and inclement weather and on steep grades
and sharp curves. The training provider must teach proper tire chaining procedures.
Section BA1.3 Advanced Operating Practices
This section must introduce higher-level skills that can be acquired only after the more fundamental skills and knowledge
taught in the prior two sections have been mastered. The training providers must teach driver-trainees about the advanced
skills necessary to recognize potential hazards and must teach the driver-trainees the procedures needed to handle a CMV
when faced with a hazard.
Unit BA1.3.1 Hazard Perception
The unit must teach driver-trainees to recognize potential hazards in the driving environment in order to reduce the
severity of the hazard and neutralize possible emergency situations. The training providers must teach driver-trainees to
identify road conditions and other road users that are a potential threat to the safety of the combination vehicle and suggest
appropriate adjustments. The instruction must emphasize hazard recognition, visual search, adequate surveillance, and
response to possible emergency-producing situations encountered by CMV drivers in various traffic situations. The training
providers must teach driver-trainees to recognize potential dangers and the safety procedures that must be utilized while
driving in construction/work zones.
Unit BA1.3.2 Skid Control/Recovery, Jackknifing, and Other Emergencies
This unit must teach the causes of skidding and jackknifing and techniques for avoiding and recovering from them. The
training providers must teach the importance of maintaining directional control and bringing the CMV to a stop in the shortest
possible distance while operating over a slippery surface. This unit must provide instruction in appropriate responses when
faced with CMV emergencies. This instruction must include evasive steering, emergency braking, and off-road recovery, as
well as the proper response to brake failures, tire blowouts, hydroplaning, and rollovers. The instruction must include a review
of unsafe acts and the role the acts play in producing or worsening hazardous situations.
Unit BA1.3.3 Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings
This unit must teach driver-trainees to recognize potential dangers and the appropriate safety procedures to utilize at
railroad (RR)-highway grade crossings. This instruction must include an overview of various Federal/State RR grade crossing
regulations, RR grade crossing environments, obstructed view conditions, clearance around the tracks, and rail signs and
signals. The training providers must instruct driver-trainees that railroads have personnel available (“Emergency Notification
Systems”) to receive notification of any information relating to an unsafe condition at the RR-highway grade crossing or a
disabled vehicle or other obstruction blocking a railroad track at the RR-highway grade crossing.
Section BA1.4 Vehicle Systems and Reporting Malfunctions

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

24/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

This section must provide entry-level driver-trainees with sufficient knowledge of the combination vehicle and its systems
and subsystems to ensure that they understand and respect their role in vehicle inspection, operation, and maintenance and
the impact of those factors upon highway safety and operational efficiency.
Unit BA1.4.1 Identification and Diagnosis of Malfunctions
This unit must teach driver-trainees to identify major combination vehicle systems. The goal is to explain their function and
how to check all key vehicle systems, (e.g., engine, engine exhaust auxiliary systems, brakes, drive train, coupling systems,
and suspension) to ensure their safe operation. Driver-trainees must be provided with a detailed description of each system, its
importance to safe and efficient operation, and what is needed to keep the system in good operating condition.
Unit BA1.4.2 Roadside Inspections
This unit must instruct driver-trainees on what to expect during a standard roadside inspection conducted by authorized
personnel. The training providers must teach driver-trainees on what vehicle and driver violations are classified as out-ofservice (OOS), including the ramifications and penalties for operating a CMV when subject to an OOS order as defined in
section 390.5.
Unit BA1.4.3 Maintenance
This unit must introduce driver-trainees to the basic servicing and checking procedures for various engine and vehicle
components and to help develop their ability to perform preventive maintenance and simple emergency repairs.
Section BA1.5 Non-Driving Activities
This section must teach driver-trainees the activities that do not involve actually operating the CMV.
Unit BA1.5.1 Hours of Service Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees to understand that there are different hours-of-service (HOS) requirements applicable
to different industries. The training providers must teach driver-trainees all applicable HOS regulatory requirements. The
training providers must teach driver-trainees to complete a Driver's Daily Log (electronic and paper), timesheet, and logbook
recap, as appropriate. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the consequences (safety, legal, and personal) of
violating the HOS regulations, including the fines and penalties imposed for these types of violations.
Unit BA1.5.2 Fatigue and Wellness Awareness
This unit must teach driver-trainees about the issues and consequences of chronic and acute driver fatigue and the
importance of staying alert. The training providers must teach driver-trainees wellness and basic health maintenance
information that affect a driver's ability to safely operate a CMV.
[81 FR 88794, Dec. 8, 2016, as amended at 83 FR 22875, May 17, 2018; 84 FR 8040, Mar. 6, 2019]

Back to Top
Appendix B to Part 380—Class B—CDL Training Curriculum
Class B CDL applicants must complete the Class B CDL curriculum outlined in this Appendix. The curriculum for Class B
applicants pertains to heavy straight vehicles (Group B) as defined in 49 CFR 383.91(a)(2). There is no required minimum
number of instruction hours for theory training, but the training instructor must cover all the topics in curriculum. There is no
required minimum number of instruction hours required for BTW (range and public road) training, but the training instructor
must cover all topics set forth in the BTW curriculum. BTW training must be conducted in a CMV for which a Class B CDL is
required. The instructor must determine and document that each driver-trainee has demonstrated proficiency in all elements of
the BTW curriculum unless otherwise noted. Consistent with the definitions of BTW range training and BTW public road
training in §380.605, a simulation device cannot be used to conduct such training or to demonstrate proficiency. Training
instructors must document the total number of clock hours each driver-trainee spends to complete the BTW curriculum. The
Class B curriculum must, at a minimum, include the following:
THEORY INSTRUCTION
Section B1.1 Basic Operation
This section must cover the interaction between driver-trainees and the CMV. Driver-trainees will receive instruction in the
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) and will be introduced to the basic CMV instruments and controls. This
section must also teach driver-trainees how to perform vehicle inspections, control the CMVs under various road and traffic

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

25/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

conditions, employ shifting and backing techniques, and couple and uncouple, as applicable. Driver-trainees must familiarize
themselves with the basic operating characteristics of a CMV.
Unit B1.1.1 Orientation
This unit must introduce driver-trainees to the commercial motor vehicle driver training curriculum and the components of
a commercial motor vehicle. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the safety fundamentals, essential regulatory
requirements (i.e., overview of FMCSRs/hazardous materials (HM) regulations), and driver-trainees' responsibilities not
directly related to driving. This unit must also cover the ramifications and driver disqualification provisions and fines for noncompliance with parts 380, 382, 383, and 390 through 399 of the FMCSRs. This unit must also include an overview of the
applicability of State and local laws relating to the safe operation of the CMV, stopping at weigh stations/scales, hazard
awareness of vehicle size and weight limitations, low clearance areas (e.g., CMV height restrictions), and bridge formulas.
Unit B1.1.2 Control Systems/Dashboard
This unit must introduce driver-trainees to vehicle instruments, controls, and safety components. The training providers
must teach driver-trainees to read gauges and instruments correctly and the proper use of vehicle safety components,
including safety belts and mirrors. The training providers must teach driver-trainees to identify, locate, and explain the function
of each of the primary and secondary controls including those required for steering, accelerating, shifting, braking systems
(e.g., ABS, hydraulic, air), as applicable, and parking.
Unit B1.1.3 Pre- and Post-Trip Inspections
The training provider must teach the driver-trainees to conduct pre-trip and post-trip inspections as specified in §§392.7
and 396.11, including appropriate inspection locations. Instruction must also be provided on enroute vehicle inspections.
Unit B1.1.4 Basic Control
This unit must introduce basic vehicular control and handling as it applies to commercial motor vehicles. This unit must
include instruction addressing basic CMV controls in areas such as executing sharp left and right turns, centering the vehicle,
maneuvering in restricted areas, and entering and exiting the interstate or controlled access highway.
Unit B1.1.5 Shifting/Operating Transmissions
This unit must introduce shifting patterns and procedures to driver-trainees to prepare them to safely and competently
perform basic shifting maneuvers. This unit must teach driver-trainees to execute up and down shifting techniques on multispeed dual range transmissions, if appropriate. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the importance of increased
fuel economy achieved by utilizing proper shifting techniques.
Unit B1.1.6 Backing and Docking
This unit must teach driver-trainees to back and dock the combination vehicle safely. This unit must cover “Get Out and
Look” (GOAL), evaluation of backing/loading facilities, knowledge of backing set ups, as well as instruction in how to back with
use of spotters.
Section B1.2 Safe Operating Procedures
This section must teach the practices required for safe operation of the CMV on the highway under various road, weather,
and traffic conditions. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the Federal rules governing the proper use of seat belt
assemblies (§392.16).
Unit B1.2.1 Visual Search
This unit must teach driver-trainees to visually search the road for potential hazards and critical objects, including
instruction on recognizing distracted pedestrians or distracted drivers. This unit must include instruction in how to ensure a
driver-trainee's personal security/general awareness in common surroundings such as truck stops and/or rest areas and at
shipper/receiver locations.
Unit B1.2.2 Communication
This unit must teach driver-trainees how to communicate their intentions to other road users. Driver-trainees must be
instructed in techniques for different types of communication on the road, including proper use of headlights, turn signals, fourway flashers, and horns. This unit must cover instruction in proper utilization of eye contact techniques with other drivers,
bicyclists, and pedestrians.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

26/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Unit B1.2.3 Distracted Driving
This unit must instruct driver-trainees in FMCSRs related to distracted driving and other key driver distraction driving
issues, including improper cell phone use, texting, and use of in-cab technology (e.g., §§392.80 and 392.82). This instruction
will include training in the following aspects: Visual attention (keeping eyes on the road); manual control (keeping hands on the
wheel); and cognitive awareness (keeping mind on the task and safe operation of the CMV).
Unit B1.2.4 Speed Management
This unit must teach driver-trainees how to manage speed effectively in response to various road, weather, and traffic
conditions. The instruction must include methods for calibrating safe following distances under an array of conditions including
traffic, weather and CMV weight and length.
Unit B1.2.5 Space Management
This unit must teach driver-trainees about the importance of managing the space surrounding the vehicle under various
traffic and road conditions.
Unit B1.2.6 Night Operation
This unit must instruct driver-trainees in the factors affecting the safe operation of CMVs at night and in darkness.
Additionally, driver-trainees must be instructed in changes in vision, communications, speed, space management, and proper
use of lights, as needed, to deal with the special problems night driving presents.
Unit B1.2.7 Extreme Driving Conditions
This unit must teach driver-trainees the specific problems presented by extreme driving conditions. The training will
emphasize the factors affecting the operation of CMVs in cold, hot, and inclement weather and on steep grades and sharp
curves. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the proper tire chaining procedures in this unit.
Section B1.3 Advanced Operating Practices
This section must introduce higher-level skills that can be acquired only after the more fundamental skills and knowledge
taught in the prior two sections have been mastered. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the advanced skills
necessary to recognize potential hazards and must teach driver-trainees the procedures needed to handle a CMV when faced
with a hazard.
Unit B1.3.1 Hazard Perception
The unit must provide instruction for recognizing potential hazards in the driving environment in order to reduce the
severity of the hazard and neutralize possible emergency situations. The training providers must teach driver-trainees to
identify road conditions and other road users that are a potential threat to the safety of the CMV and suggest appropriate
adjustments. The instruction must emphasize hazard recognition, visual search, adequate surveillance, and response to
possible emergency-producing situations encountered by CMV drivers in various traffic situations. The training providers must
also teach driver-trainees to recognize potential dangers and the safety procedures that must be utilized while driving in
construction/work zones.
Unit B1.3.2 Skid Control/Recovery, Jackknifing, and Other Emergencies
This unit must teach the causes of skidding and jackknifing and techniques for avoiding and recovering from them. The
training providers must teach the importance of maintaining directional control and bringing the CMV to a stop in the shortest
possible distance while operating over a slippery surface. This unit must provide instruction in appropriate responses when
faced with CMV emergencies. This instruction must include evasive steering, emergency braking, and off-road recovery, as
well as the proper response to brake failures, tire blowouts, hydroplaning, and rollovers. The instruction must include a review
of unsafe acts and the role the acts play in producing or worsening hazardous situations.
Unit B1.3.3 Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings
This unit must teach driver-trainees to recognize potential dangers and appropriate safety procedures to utilize at railroad
(RR)-highway grade crossings. This instruction must include an overview of various Federal/State RR grade crossing
regulations, RR grade crossing environments, obstructed view conditions, clearance around the tracks, and rail signs and
signals. The training providers must instruct driver-trainees that railroads have personnel available (“Emergency Notification
Systems”) to receive notification of any information relating to an unsafe condition at the RR-highway grade crossing or a
disabled vehicle or other obstruction blocking a railroad track at the RR-highway grade crossing.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

27/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Section B1.4 Vehicle Systems and Reporting Malfunctions
This unit must provide entry-level driver-trainees with sufficient knowledge of the CMV and its systems and subsystems to
ensure that they understand and respect their role in vehicle inspection, operation, and maintenance and the impact of those
factors upon highway safety and operational efficiency.
Unit B1.4.1 Identification and Diagnosis of Malfunctions
This unit must teach driver-trainees to identify major vehicle systems. The goal is to explain their function and how to
check all key vehicle systems, as appropriate (e.g., engine, engine exhaust auxiliary systems, brakes, drive train, coupling
systems, and suspension) to ensure their safe operation. Driver-trainees must be provided with a detailed description of each
system, its importance to safe and efficient operation, and what is needed to keep the system in good operating condition.
Unit B1.4.2 Roadside Inspections
This unit must instruct driver-trainees on what to expect during a standard roadside inspection conducted by authorized
personnel. The training providers must teach driver-trainees on what vehicle and driver violations are classified as out-ofservice (OOS), including the ramifications and penalties for operating a CMV when subject to an OOS order as defined in
section 390.5.
Unit B1.4.3 Maintenance
This unit must introduce driver-trainees to the basic servicing and checking procedures for various engine and vehicle
components and to help develop their ability to perform preventive maintenance and simple emergency repairs.
Section B1.5 Non-Driving Activities
This section must teach driver-trainees activities that do not involve actually operating the CMV, e.g., proper cargo
securement.
Unit B1.5.1 Handling and Documenting Cargo
This unit must teach driver-trainees the basic theory of cargo weight distribution, cargo securement on the vehicle, cargo
covering, and techniques for safe and efficient loading/unloading. The training providers must also teach driver-trainees the
basic cargo security/cargo theft prevention procedures. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the basic information
regarding the proper handling and documentation of HM cargo.
Unit B1.5.2 Environmental Compliance Issues
This unit must teach driver-trainees to recognize environmental hazards and issues related to the CMV and load, and also
make aware that city, county, State, and Federal requirements may apply to such circumstances.
Unit B1.5.3 Hours of Service Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees to understand that there are different hours-of-service (HOS) requirements applicable
to different industries. The training providers must teach driver-trainees all applicable HOS regulatory requirements. The
training providers must teach driver-trainees to complete a Driver's Daily Log (electronic and paper), timesheet, and logbook
recap, as appropriate. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the consequences (safety, legal, and personal) of
violating the HOS regulations, including the fines and penalties imposed for these types of violations.
Unit B1.5.4 Fatigue and Wellness Awareness
The issues and consequences of chronic and acute driver fatigue and the importance of staying alert will be covered in
this unit. The training providers must teach driver-trainees about wellness and basic health maintenance information that affect
a driver's ability to safely operate a CMV.
Unit B1.5.5 Post-Crash Procedures
This unit must teach driver-trainees the appropriate post-crash procedures, including the requirement that the driver, if
possible, assess his or her physical condition immediately after the crash and notify authorities, or assign the task to other
individuals at the crash scene. The training providers must teach driver-trainees how to protect the area; obtain emergency
medical assistance; move on-road vehicles off the road in minor crashes so as to avoid subsequent crashes or injuries;
engage flashers; place reflective triangles and other warning devices for stopped vehicles; and properly use a fire extinguisher,
if necessary. The training providers must instruct driver-trainees in post-crash testing requirements related to controlled
substances and alcohol.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

28/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Unit B1.5.6 External Communications
This unit must instruct driver-trainees in the value of effective interpersonal communication techniques/skills to interact
with enforcement officials. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the specifics of the roadside vehicle inspection
process, and what to expect during this activity. Driver-trainees who are not native English speakers must be instructed in
FMCSA English language proficiency requirements and the consequences for violations. The training providers must teach
driver-trainees the implications of violating Federal and state regulations will have on their driving records and their employing
motor carrier's records.
Unit B1.5.7 Whistleblower/Coercion
This unit must teach the driver-trainees about the right of an employee to question the safety practices of an employer
without incurring the risk of losing a job or being subject to reprisals simply for stating a safety concern. The training providers
must instruct driver-trainees in the whistleblower protection regulations in 29 CFR part 1978. The training providers must teach
driver-trainees the procedures for reporting to FMCSA incidents of coercion from motor carriers, shippers, receivers, or
transportation intermediaries.
Unit B1.5.8 Trip Planning
This unit must address the importance of and requirements for planning routes and trips. This instruction must address
planning the safest route, planning for rest stops, heavy traffic areas, railroad-highway grade crossing safe clearance and
ground clearance (i.e., “high center”), the importance of Federal and State requirements on the need for permits, and vehicle
size and weight limitations. The training providers must teach driver-trainees the correct identification of restricted routes, the
pros and cons of Global Positioning System (GPS)/trip routing software, and the importance of selecting fuel-efficient routes.
Unit B1.5.9 Drugs/Alcohol
This unit must teach driver-trainees the rules applicable to controlled substances (including prescription drugs) and
alcohol use and testing related to the operation of a CMV.
Unit B1.5.10 Medical Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees the Federal rules on medical certification, medical examination procedures, general
qualifications, responsibilities, and disqualifications based on various offenses, orders, and loss of driving privileges (49 CFR
part 391, subparts B and E).
BEHIND-THE-WHEEL RANGE
This unit must teach driving exercises related to basic vehicle control skills and mastery of basic maneuvers, as covered
in §§383.111 and 383.113 of this chapter necessary to operate the vehicle safely. The training providers must teach drivertrainees activities in this unit on a driving range as defined in §380.605. The training provider must teach “Get Out and Look”
(GOAL) to the driver-trainee as it applies to units B2.2-2.6.
Unit B2.1 Vehicle Inspection Pre-Trip/Enroute/Post-Trip
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in conducting pre-trip and post-trip inspections as specified in §§392.7 and
396.11, including appropriate inspection locations. Instruction must also be provided on enroute vehicle inspections.
Unit B2.2 Straight Line Backing
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing various straight line backing maneuvers
to appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit B2.3 Alley Dock Backing (45/90 Degree)
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing 45/90 degree alley dock maneuvers to
appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit B2.4 Off-Set Backing
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing off-set backing maneuvers to
appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit B2.5 Parallel Parking Blind Side

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

29/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing parallel parking blind side
positions/maneuvers to appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
Unit B2.6 Parallel Parking Sight Side
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing sight side parallel parking maneuvers to
appropriate criteria/acceptable tolerances.
BEHIND-THE-WHEEL PUBLIC ROAD
The instructor must engage in active two-way communication with the driver-trainees during all active BTW public road
training sessions. Skills described in paragraphs B3.8 through 3.12 of this section must be discussed during public road
training, but not necessarily performed. Driver-trainees are not required to demonstrate proficiency in the skills described in
paragraphs B3.8 through 3.12.
Unit B3.1 Vehicle Controls Including: Left Turns, Right Turns, Lane Changes, Curves at Highway Speeds, and Entry and Exit
on the Interstate or Controlled Access Highway
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for initiating vehicle movement, executing left and right
turns, changing lanes, navigating curves at speed, exiting and entering the interstate, and stopping the vehicle in a controlled
manner.
Unit B3.2 Shifting/Transmission
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for performing safe and fuel-efficient shifting.
Unit B3.3 Communications/Signaling
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for signaling intentions and effectively communicating
with other drivers.
Unit B3.4 Visual Search
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper techniques for visually searching the road for potential hazards
and critical objects.
Unit B3.5 Speed and Space Management
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in proper habits and techniques for adjusting and maintaining vehicle speed,
taking into consideration various factors such as traffic and road conditions. Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in
maintaining proper speed to keep appropriate spacing between the driver-trainee's CMV and other vehicles. Instruction must
include methods for calibrating safe following distances under an array of conditions including traffic, weather, and CMV weight
and length.
Unit B3.6 Safe Driver Behavior
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in safe driver behavior during their operation of the CMV.
Unit B3.7 Hours of Service (HOS) Requirements
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in the basic activities required by the HOS regulations, such as completing a
Driver's Daily Log (electronic and paper), timesheet, and logbook recap, as appropriate.
Unit B3.8 Hazard Perception
Driver-trainees must demonstrate their ability to recognize potential hazards in the driving environment in time to reduce
the severity of the hazard and neutralize possible emergency situations. Driver-trainees must demonstrate the ability to identify
road conditions and other road users that are a potential threat to vehicle safety and suggest appropriate adjustments.
Unit B3.9 Railroad (RR)-Highway Grade Crossing
Driver-trainees must demonstrate the ability to recognize potential dangers and to demonstrate appropriate safety
procedures when RR-highway grade crossings are reasonably available.
Unit B3.10 Night Operation

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

30/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Driver-trainees must be familiar with how to operate a CMV safely at night. Training providers must teach driver-trainees
that night driving presents specific circumstances that require heightened attention on the part of the driver. Driver-trainees
must be taught special requirements for night vision, communications, speed, space management, and proper use of lights.
Unit B3.11 Extreme Driving Conditions
Driver-trainees must be familiar with the special risks created by, and the heightened precautions required by, driving
CMVs under extreme driving conditions, such as heavy rain, high wind, high heat, fog, snow, ice, steep grades, and curves.
Training providers must teach driver-trainees the basic driving habits needed to deal with the specific challenges presented by
these extreme driving conditions.
Unit B3.12 Skid Control/Recovery, Jackknifing, and Other Emergencies
Driver-trainees must know the causes of skidding and jackknifing and techniques for avoiding and recovering from them.
Driver-trainees must know how to maintain directional control and bring the CMV to a stop in the shortest possible distance
while operating over a slippery surface. Driver-trainees must be familiar with proper techniques for responding to CMV
emergencies, such as evasive steering, emergency braking, and off-road recovery. They must also know how to prevent or
respond to brake failures, tire blowouts, hydroplaning, and rollovers.
[81 FR 88794, Dec. 8, 2016, as amended at 83 FR 22875, May 17, 2018]

Back to Top
Appendix C to Part 380—Passenger Endorsement Training Curriculum
Passenger (P) endorsement applicants must complete the curriculum outlined in this section, which applies to drivertrainees who expect to operate CMVs in the any of the vehicle groups defined in §383.91(a)(1)-(3) for which a P endorsement
is required.
There is no required minimum number of instruction hours for theory training, but the training provider must cover all the
topics set forth in the curriculum. There is no required minimum number of instruction hours for BTW training, but training
providers must determine whether driver-trainees have demonstrated proficiency in all elements of the BTW curriculum.
Training instructors must document the total number of clock hours each driver-trainee spends to complete the BTW
curriculum. The training must be conducted in a passenger vehicle of the same vehicle group as the applicant intends to drive.
The passenger endorsement training must, at a minimum, contain the following:
THEORY INSTRUCTION
Unit C1.1 Post-Crash Procedures
This unit must teach driver-trainees appropriate post-crash procedures, including the requirement that the driver, if
possible, assess his or her physical condition immediately after the crash and notify authorities, or assign the task to a
passenger or other individuals at the crash scene. Also, training providers must teach driver-trainees how to obtain emergency
medical assistance; move on-road vehicles off the road in minor crashes so as to avoid subsequent crashes or injuries;
engage flashers, reflective triangles and other warning devices for stopped vehicles; and properly use a fire extinguisher if
necessary.
Unit C1.2 Other Emergency Procedures
This unit must instruct driver-trainees in managing security breaches, on-board fires, emergency exit and passenger
evacuation training, medical emergencies, and emergency stopping procedures including the deployment of various
emergency hazard signals. Instruction must also include procedures for dealing with mechanical breakdowns and vehicle
defects while enroute.
Unit C1.3 Vehicle Orientation
This unit must teach driver-trainees the basic physical and operational characteristics of passenger-carrying CMV (e.g.,
bus and motor coach), including overall height, length, width, ground clearances, rear overhang, Gross Vehicle Weight and
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, axle weights, wheels and rims, tires, tire ratings, mirrors, steer wheels, lighting, windshield,
windshield wipers, engine compartments, basic electrical system, brake systems, as applicable, and spare tire storage.
Additionally, training providers must instruct driver-trainees in techniques for proper driver seat and mirror adjustments.
Unit C1.4 Pre-Trip, Enroute, and Post-Trip Inspection

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

31/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

This unit must teach the driver-trainee the importance of pre-trip, enroute, and post-trip inspections; and provide
instruction in techniques for conducting such inspections as stated in §§392.7 and 396.11, and demonstrate their ability to
inspect the following:
(1) Emergency exits;
(2) Passenger-carrying CMV interiors (including passenger seats as applicable);
(3) Restrooms and associated environmental requirements;
(4) Temperature controls (for maintaining passenger comfort);
(5) Driver and passenger seat belts.
Additionally, training providers must instruct driver-trainees in procedures, as applicable, in security-related inspections,
including inspections for unusual wires or other abnormal visible materials, interior and exterior luggage compartments,
packages or luggage left behind, and signs of cargo or vehicle tampering. Finally, training providers must instruct drivertrainees in cycling-accessible lifts and procedures for inspecting them for functionality and defects.
Unit C1.5 Fueling
This unit must instruct driver-trainees on the significance of avoiding refueling a bus while passengers are onboard and
the imperative of avoiding refueling in an enclosed space.
Unit C1.6 Idling
This unit must teach driver-trainees the importance of compliance with State and local laws and regulations, including for
example, idling limits, fuel savings; and the consequences of non-compliance, including adverse health effects and penalties.
Unit C1.7 Baggage and/or Cargo Management
In this unit, training providers must teach driver-trainees:
(1) Proper methods for handling and securing passenger baggage and containers, as applicable.
(2) Procedures for identifying and inspecting baggage and containers for prohibited items, such as hazardous materials.
(3) Proper handling and securement of devices associated with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliance,
including oxygen, wheeled mobility devices, and other associated apparatuses.
Unit C1.8 Passenger Safety Awareness Briefing
This unit must teach driver-trainees how to brief passengers on safety topics including fastening seat belts, emergency
exits, emergency phone contact information, fire extinguisher location, safely walking in the aisle when the bus is moving, and
restroom emergency push button or switch.
Unit C1.9 Passenger Management
In this unit, training providers must teach driver-trainees:
(1) Proper procedures for safe loading and unloading of passengers prior to departure, including rules concerning
standing passengers and the standee line.
(2) Procedures for dealing with disruptive passengers.
Unit C1.10 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Compliance
Along with addressing the proper operation of accessibility equipment (e.g., lifts), this must teach driver-trainees the
applicable regulations and proper procedures for engaging persons with disabilities or special needs under the ADA. Training
must cover passengers with mobility issues, engaging passengers with sight, hearing, or cognitive impairments, and
recognizing the permitted use of service animals.
Unit C1.11 Hours of Service (HOS) Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees the HOS regulations that apply to drivers for interstate passenger carriers. Training
providers must teach driver-trainees the basic activities required by the HOS regulations, such as completing a Driver's Daily

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

32/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Log (electronic and paper), timesheet, and logbook recap, as appropriate. Training providers must teach driver-trainees how to
recognize the signs of fatigue and basic fatigue countermeasures as a means to avoid crashes.
Unit C1.12 Safety Belt Safety
This unit must teach driver-trainees the Federal rules governing the proper use of safety restraint systems by CMV
drivers, as set forth in §392.16.
Unit C1.13 Distracted Driving
This unit must teach driver-trainees FMCSA regulations that prohibit drivers from texting or using hand-held mobile
phones while operating their vehicles (e.g., §§392.80 and 392.82); and must teach the serious consequences of violations,
including crashes, heavy fines, and impacts on a motor carrier's and/or driver's safety records, such as driver disqualification.
Unit C1.14 Railroad (RR)-Highway Grade Crossings and Drawbridges
This unit must instruct driver-trainees in applicable regulations, techniques, and procedures for navigating RR-highway
grade crossings and drawbridges appropriate to passenger buses.
Unit C1.15 Weigh Stations
This unit must teach driver-trainees the weigh-station regulations that apply to buses.
Unit C1.16 Security and Crime
This unit must teach driver-trainees the basic techniques for recognizing and minimizing physical risks from criminal
activities.
Unit C1.17 Roadside Inspections
This unit must teach driver-trainees what to expect during a standard roadside inspection conducted by authorized
personnel. Training providers must teach driver-trainees what passenger-carrying vehicle and driver violations are classified as
out-of-service (OOS), including the ramifications and penalties for operating a CMV when subject to an OOS order as defined
in §390.5.
Unit C1.18 Penalties and Fines
This unit must teach driver-trainees the potential consequences of violating driver-related regulations, including impacts
on driver and motor carrier safety records, adverse impacts on the driver's Pre-employment Screening Program record;
financial penalties for both the driver and carrier; and possible loss of CMV driving privileges.
BEHIND THE WHEEL—RANGE AND PUBLIC ROAD
This BTW training consists of exercises related to basic vehicle control skills and mastery of basic maneuvers necessary
to operate the vehicle safely. Activities in this unit will take place on a driving range or a public road as defined in §380.605.
The instructor must engage in active communication with the driver-trainees during all BTW training sessions.
Unit C2.1 Vehicle Orientation
Driver-trainees must demonstrate their familiarity with basic passenger-carrying CMV physical and operational
characteristics including overall height, length, width, ground clearances, rear overhang, gross vehicle weight and gross
vehicle weight rating, axle weights, wheels and rims, tires, tire ratings, mirrors, steer wheels, lighting, windshield, windshield
wipers, engine compartments, basic electric system, and spare tire storage. Additionally, driver-trainees must demonstrate
techniques for proper driver's seat and mirror adjustments.
Unit C2.2 Pre-Trip, Enroute, and Post-Trip Inspection
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in conducting such pre-trip, enroute and post-trip inspections of buses and
key components of §§392.7 and 396.11, and demonstrate their ability to inspect the following:
(1) Emergency exits;
(2) Passenger-carrying CMV interiors (including passenger seats as applicable);
(3) Restrooms and associated environmental requirements;

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

33/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

(4) Temperature controls (for maintaining passenger comfort); and
(5) Driver and passenger seat belts.
Additionally, driver-trainees must demonstrate their knowledge of procedures, as applicable, in security-related
inspections, including inspections for unusual wires or other abnormal visible materials, interior and exterior luggage
compartments, packages or luggage left behind, and signs of cargo or vehicle tampering. Driver-trainees must be familiar with
the operation of cycling-accessible lifts and the procedures for inspecting them for functionality and defects. For passengercarrying vehicles equipped with said lifts and tie-down positions, trainee must demonstrate their ability to operate the cyclingaccessible lifts.
Unit C2.3 Baggage and/or Cargo Management
In this unit, driver-trainees must demonstrate their ability to:
(1) Properly handle passenger baggage and containers to avoid worker, passenger, and non-passenger related injuries
and property damage;
(2) Visually inspect baggage and containers for prohibited items, such as hazardous materials and identify such items;
(3) Properly handle and secure devices associated with ADA compliance including oxygen, wheeled mobility devices, and
other associated apparatuses.
Unit C2.4 Passenger Safety Awareness Briefing
Driver-trainees must demonstrate their ability to brief passengers on safety on topics including: Fastening seat belts,
emergency exits, emergency phone contact information, fire extinguisher location, safely walking in the aisle when the bus is
moving, and restroom emergency push button or switch.
Unit C2.5 Passenger Management
In this unit, driver-trainees must demonstrate their ability to safely load and unload passengers prior to departure and to
deal with disruptive passengers.
Unit C2.6 Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proper procedures for safely navigating railroad-highway grade crossings in a
passenger-carrying CMV.
[81 FR 88794, Dec. 8, 2016]

Back to Top
Appendix D to Part 380—School Bus Endorsement Training Curriculum
School bus (S) endorsement applicants must complete the curriculum outlined in this section, which applies to drivertrainees who expect to operate a “school bus” as defined in §383.5. There is no required minimum number of instruction hours
for theory training, but the training provider must cover all the topics set forth in the curriculum. There is no required minimum
number of instruction hours for BTW training, but the training provider must determine whether driver-trainees have
demonstrated proficiency in all elements of the BTW curriculum. Training instructors must document the total number of clock
hours each driver-trainee spends to complete the BTW curriculum. The training must be conducted in a school bus of the
same vehicle group as the applicant intends to drive. The school bus endorsement training must, at a minimum, include the
following:
THEORY INSTRUCTION
Unit D1.1 Danger Zones and Use of Mirrors
This unit must teach driver-trainees the danger zones that exist around the school bus and the techniques to ensure the
safety of those around the bus. These techniques include correct mirror adjustment and usage. The types of mirrors and their
use must be discussed, as well as the requirements found in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 111 (49 CFR
571.111). Training providers must teach driver-trainees the dangers of “dart-outs.” Training providers must teach drivertrainees the importance of training students how to keep out of the danger zone when around school buses and the
techniques for doing so.
Unit D1.2 Loading and Unloading

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

34/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

This unit must be instruct driver-trainees on the laws and regulations for loading and unloading, as well as the required
procedures for students waiting at a bus stop and crossing the roadway at a bus stop. Special dangers involved in loading and
unloading must be specifically discussed, including procedures to ensure the danger zone is clear and that no student has
been caught in the doorway prior to moving the vehicle. Instruction also must be included on the proper use of lights, stop
arms, crossing gates, and safe operation of the door during loading and unloading; the risks involved with leaving students
unattended on a school bus; and the proper techniques for checking the bus for sleeping children and lost items at the end of
each route.
Unit D1.3 Vehicle Orientation
This unit must teach driver-trainees the basic physical and operational characteristics of school buses, including overall
height, length, width, ground clearances, rear overhang, Gross Vehicle Weight and Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, axle weights,
wheels and rims, tires, tire ratings, mirrors, steer wheels, lighting, windshield, windshield wipers, engine compartments, basic
electrical system, brake systems, as applicable, and spare tire storage. Additionally, the training providers must instruct drivertrainees in techniques for proper driver seat and mirror adjustments.
Unit D1.4 Post-Crash Procedures
This unit must instruct driver-trainees on the proper procedures following a school bus crash. The instruction must include
use of fire extinguisher(s), first aid kit(s), tending to injured passengers, post-crash vehicle securement, notification
procedures, deciding whether to evacuate the bus, data gathering, and interaction with law enforcement officials.
Unit D1.5 Emergency Exit and Evacuation
This unit must teach driver-trainees their role in safely evacuating the bus in an emergency and planning for an
emergency in advance. Training must include proper evacuation methods and procedures, such as the safe evacuation of
students on field and activity trips who only occasionally ride school buses and thus may not be familiar with the procedures.
Unit D1.6 Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings
This unit must teach driver-trainees the dangers trains present and the importance of the school bus driver and students
strictly following railroad crossing procedures. Instruction must be given on the types of crossings, warning signs and devices,
and State and local procedures and regulations for school buses when crossing railroad-highway grade crossings.
Unit D1.7 Student Management
This unit must teach driver-trainees how to manage student behavior on the bus to ensure that safety is maintained and
the rights of others are respected. Specific student management techniques must be discussed, including warning signs of
bullying and the techniques for managing student behavior and administering discipline. Training providers must teach drivertrainees to avoid becoming distracted by student behavior while driving, especially when crossing railroad tracks and during
loading and unloading.
Unit D1.8 Special Safety Considerations
This unit must teach the driver-trainees the special safety considerations and equipment in school bus operations. Topics
discussed must include use of strobe lights, driving in high winds, safe backing techniques, and preventing tail swing crashes.
Unit D1.9 Pre- and Post-Trip Inspections
This unit must teach the driver-trainees the importance of pre-trip, enroute, and post-trip inspections; and provide
instruction in techniques for conducting such inspections of buses as stated in §§392.7 and 396.11, and additionally
demonstrate their ability to inspect the following:
(1) Stop arms,
(2) Crossing arms,
(3) Emergency exits,
(4) Fire extinguishers,
(5) Passenger seats,
(6) First aid kits,

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

35/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

(7) Interior lights, and
(8) Temperature control (for maintaining passenger comfort).
Training providers must instruct driver-trainees in State and local requirements, as applicable, for inspection of school bus
equipment.
Unit D1.10 School Bus Security
This unit must teach driver-trainees the security issues facing school bus drivers. Training providers must also teach
driver-trainees potential security threats, techniques for preventing and responding to security threats, how to recognize and
report suspicious behavior, and what to do in the event of a hijacking or attack on a school bus.
Unit D1.11 Route and Stop Reviews
This unit must teach driver-trainees the importance of planning their routes prior to beginning driving in order to avoid
distraction while on the road. The training provider must also teach driver-trainees the techniques for reviewing routes and
stops, as well as State and local procedures for reporting hazards along the route and at bus stops.
BEHIND THE WHEEL—RANGE AND PUBLIC ROAD
This unit must consist of exercises related to basic vehicle control skills and mastery of basic maneuvers. Activities in this
unit will take place on a driving range or a public road as defined in §380.605. The instructor must engage in active
communication with the driver-trainees during all active training sessions.
Unit D2.1 Danger Zones and Use of Mirrors
Driver-trainees must demonstrate the techniques necessary to ensure the safety of persons in the danger zone around
the bus. Driver-trainees must practice mirror adjustment and usage. The types of mirrors and their use are shown, and cones
used to demonstrate the requirements of 49 CFR 571.111.
Unit D2.2 Loading and Unloading
Driver-trainees must demonstrate the loading and unloading techniques learned in the theory portion of the training.
Driver-trainees must demonstrate checking the vehicle for sleeping children and lost items at the end of the route.
Unit D2.3 Emergency Exit and Evacuation
Driver-trainees must demonstrate their role in safely evacuating the bus in an emergency.
Unit D2.4 Special Safety Considerations
Driver-trainees must demonstrate safe backing techniques and demonstrate their ability to avoid tail swing crashes by
using reference points when making turns.
Unit D2.5 Pre- and Post-Trip Inspections
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proficiency in conducting pre-and post-trip inspections, as stated in §§392.7 and 396.11,
and of school bus-specific equipment, such as mirrors, stop arms, crossing arms, emergency exits, fire extinguishers,
passenger seats, first aid kits, interior lights, and temperature control.
Unit D2.6 Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings
Driver-trainees must demonstrate proper procedures for safely navigating railroad-highway grade crossings in a school
bus.
[81 FR 88794, Dec. 8, 2016]

Back to Top
Appendix E to Part 380—Hazardous Materials Endorsement Training Curriculum
Hazardous materials (H) endorsement applicants must complete the Hazardous materials curriculum, which apply to
driver-trainees who intend to operate CMVs used in the transportation of hazardous materials (HM) as defined in §383.5.
Driver-trainees seeking an H endorsement, as defined in §383.93(c)(4), must complete this curriculum in order to take the
State-administered knowledge test for the H endorsement. There is no required minimum number of instruction hours for

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

36/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

theory training, but the training provider must cover all the topics in the curriculum. The HM curriculum must, at a minimum,
include the following:
THEORY INSTRUCTION
Unit E1.1 Basic Introductory HM Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees the basic HM competencies, including applicable FMCSR requirements when HM is
being transported. The training provider must also teach driver-trainees HM communication requirements including: Shipping
paper requirements, marking, labeling, placarding, emergency response information, and shipper's responsibilities.
Unit E1.2 Operational HM Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees the basic competencies for transportation of HM.
Unit E1.3 Reporting HM Crashes and Releases
The unit must teach driver-trainees the proper procedures and contacts for the immediate notification related to certain
HM incidents, including instruction in the proper completion and submission of HM Incident Reports.
Unit E.4 Tunnels and Railroad (RR)-Highway Grade Crossing Requirements
This unit must teach driver-trainees the proper operation of an HM vehicle at RR-highway grade crossings and in
vehicular tunnels.
Unit E1.5 Loading and Unloading HM
This unit must teach driver-trainees the proper loading and unloading procedures for hazardous material cargo. Training
providers must also teach driver-trainees the requirements for proper segregation and securement of HM, and the prohibitions
on transporting certain solid and liquid poisons with foodstuffs.
Unit E1.6 HM on Passenger Vehicles
This unit must teach driver-trainees the various requirements for vehicles transporting passengers and property, and the
types and quantities of HM that can and cannot be transported in these vehicles/situations.
Unit E1.7 Bulk Packages
This unit must teach driver-trainees the specialized requirements for transportation of cargo in bulk packages, including
cargo tanks, intermediate bulk containers, bulk cylinders and portable tanks. The unit must include training in the operation of
emergency control features, special vehicle handling characteristics, rollover prevention, and the properties and hazards of the
HM transported. Training providers must teach driver-trainees methods specifically designed to reduce cargo tank rollovers
including, but not limited to, vehicle design and performance, load effects, highway factors, and driver factors.
Unit E1.8 Operating Emergency Equipment
This unit must teach driver-trainees the applicable requirements of the FMCSRs and the procedures necessary for the
safe operation of the motor vehicle. This includes training in special precautions for fires, loading and unloading, operation of
cargo tank motor vehicle equipment, and shut-off/shut-down equipment.
Unit E1.9 Emergency Response Procedures
This unit must teach driver-trainees the proper procedures and best practices for handling an emergency response and
post-response operations, including what to do in the event of an unintended release of an HM. All training, preparation, and
response efforts must focus on the hazards of the materials that have been released and the protection of people, property,
and the environment.
Unit E1.10 Engine (Fueling)
This unit must teach driver-trainees the procedures for fueling a vehicle that contains HM.
Unit E1.11 Tire Check
This unit must teach driver-trainees the proper procedures for checking the vehicle tires at the start of a trip and each time
the vehicle is parked.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

37/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Unit E1.12 Routes and Route Planning
This unit must teach driver-trainees the proper routing procedures that they are required to follow for the transportation of
radioactive and non-radioactive HM.
Unit E1.13 Hazardous Materials Safety Permits (HMSP)
This unit must teach driver-trainees the proper procedures and operational requirements including communications,
constant attendance, and parking that apply to the transportation of HM for which an HMSP is required.
[81 FR 88794, Dec. 8, 2016]

Back to Top
Appendix F to Part 380—LCV Driver Training Programs, Required Knowledge and Skills
The following table lists topics of instruction required for drivers of longer combination vehicles pursuant to 49 CFR part
380, subpart B. The training courses for operators of LCV Doubles and LCV Triples must be distinct and tailored to address
their unique operating and handling characteristics. Each course must include the minimum topics of instruction, including
behind-the-wheel training designed to provide an opportunity to develop the skills outlined under the Proficiency Development
unit of the training program. Only a skills instructor may administer behind-the-wheel training involving the operation of an LCV
or one of its components. A classroom instructor may administer only instruction that does not involve the operation of an LCV
or one of its components.
TABLE TO THE APPENDIX—COURSE TOPICS FOR LCV DRIVERS
Section 1: Orientation
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

LCVs in Trucking
Regulatory Factors
Driver Qualifications
Vehicle Configuration Factors

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

Coupling and Uncoupling
Basic Control and Handling
Basic Maneuvers
Turning, Steering and Tracking
Proficiency Development

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6

Interacting with Traffic
Speed and Space Management
Night Operations
Extreme Driving Conditions
Security Issues
Proficiency Development

4.1
4.2
4.3

Hazard Perception
Hazardous Situations
Maintenance and Troubleshooting

5.1
5.2

Routes and Trip Planning
Cargo and Weight Considerations

Section 2: Basic Operation

Section 3: Safe Operating Practices

Section 4: Advanced Operations

Section 5: Non-Driving Activities

SECTION 1—ORIENTATION
The units in this section must provide an orientation to the training curriculum and must cover the role LCVs play within
the motor carrier industry, the factors that affect their operations, and the role that drivers play in the safe operation of LCVs.
Unit 1.1—LCVs in Trucking. This unit must provide an introduction to the emergence of LCVs in trucking and must serve
as an orientation to the course content. Emphasis must be placed upon the role the driver plays in transportation.
Unit 1.2—Regulatory factors. This unit must provide instruction addressing the Federal, State, and local governmental
bodies that propose, enact, and implement the laws, rules, and regulations that affect the trucking industry. Emphasis must be
placed on those regulatory factors that affect LCVs, including 23 CFR 658.23 and appendix C to part 658.

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

38/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

Unit 1.3—Driver qualifications. This unit must provide classroom instruction addressing the Federal and State laws, rules,
and regulations that define LCV driver qualifications. It also must include a discussion on medical examinations, drug and
alcohol tests, certification, and basic health and wellness issues. Emphasis must be placed upon topics essential to physical
and mental health maintenance, including (1) diet, (2) exercise, (3) avoidance of alcohol and drug abuse, and caution in the
use of prescription and nonprescription drugs, (4) the adverse effects of driver fatigue, and (5) effective fatigue
countermeasures. Driver-trainees who have successfully completed the Entry-level training segments at §380.503(a) and (c)
are considered to have satisfied the requirements of Unit 1.3.
Unit 1.4—Vehicle configuration factors. This unit must provide classroom instruction addressing the key vehicle
components used in the configuration of longer combination vehicles. It also must familiarize the driver-trainee with various
vehicle combinations, as well as provide instruction about unique characteristics and factors associated with LCV
configurations.
SECTION 2—BASIC OPERATION
The units in this section must cover the interaction between the driver and the vehicle. They must teach driver-trainees
how to couple and uncouple LCVs, ensure the vehicles are in proper operating condition, and control the motion of LCVs
under various road and traffic conditions.
During the driving exercises at off-highway locations required by this section, the driver-trainee must first familiarize
himself/herself with basic operating characteristics of an LCV. Utilizing an LCV, students must be able to perform the skills
learned in each unit to a level of proficiency required to permit safe transition to on-street driving.
Unit 2.1—Coupling and uncoupling. This unit must provide instruction addressing the procedures for coupling and
uncoupling LCVs. While vehicle coupling and uncoupling procedures are common to all truck-tractor/semi-trailer operations,
some factors are peculiar to LCVs. Emphasis must be placed upon preplanning and safe operating procedures.
Unit 2.2—Basic control and handling. This unit must provide an introduction to basic vehicular control and handling as it
applies to LCVs. This must include instruction addressing brake performance, handling characteristics and factors affecting
LCV stability while braking, turning, and cornering. Emphasis must be placed upon safe operating procedures.
Unit 2.3—Basic maneuvers. This unit must provide instruction addressing the basic vehicular maneuvers that will be
encountered by LCV drivers. This must include instruction relative to backing, lane positioning and path selection, merging
situations, and parking LCVs. Emphasis must be placed upon safe operating procedures as they apply to brake performance
and directional stability while accelerating, braking, merging, cornering, turning, and parking.
Unit 2.4—Turning, steering, and tracking. This unit must provide instruction addressing turning situations, steering
maneuvers, and the tracking of LCV trailers. This must include instruction related to trailer sway and off-tracking. Emphasis
must be placed on maintaining directional stability.
Unit 2.5—Proficiency development: basic operations. The purpose of this unit is to enable driver-students to gain the
proficiency in basic operation needed to safely undertake on-street instruction in the Safe Operations Practices section of the
curriculum.
The activities of this unit must consist of driving exercises that provide practice for the development of basic control skills
and mastery of basic maneuvers. Driver-students practice skills and maneuvers learned in the Basic Control and Handling;
Basic Maneuvers; and Turning, Steering and Tracking units. A series of basic exercises is practiced at off-highway locations
until students develop sufficient proficiency for transition to on-street driving.
Once the driver-student's skills have been measured and found adequate, the driver-student must be allowed to move to
on-the-street driving.
Nearly all activity in this unit will take place on the driving range or on streets or roads that have low-density traffic
conditions.
SECTION 3—SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES
The units in this section must cover the interaction between student drivers, the vehicle, and the traffic environment. They
must teach driver-students how to apply their basic operating skills in a way that ensures their safety and that of other road
users under various road, weather, and traffic conditions.
Unit 3.1—Interacting with traffic. This unit must provide instruction addressing the principles of visual search,
communication, and sharing the road with other traffic. Emphasis must be placed upon visual search, mirror usage, signaling

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

39/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

and/or positioning the vehicle to communicate, and understanding the special situations encountered by LCV drivers in various
traffic situations.
Unit 3.2—Speed and space management. This unit must provide instruction addressing the principles of speed and space
management. Emphasis must be placed upon maintaining safe vehicular speed and appropriate space surrounding the
vehicle under various traffic and road conditions. Particular attention must be placed upon understanding the special situations
encountered by LCVs in various traffic situations.
Unit 3.3—Night operations. This unit must provide instruction addressing the principles of Night Operations. Emphasis
must be placed upon the factors affecting operation of LCVs at night. Night driving presents specific factors that require special
attention on the part of the driver. Changes in vehicle safety inspection, vision, communications, speed management, and
space management are needed to deal with the special problems night driving presents.
Unit 3.4—Extreme driving conditions. This unit must provide instruction addressing the driving of LCVs under extreme
driving conditions. Emphasis must be placed upon the factors affecting the operation of LCVs in cold, hot, and inclement
weather and in the mountains and desert. Changes in basic driving habits are needed to deal with the specific problems
presented by these extreme driving conditions.
Unit 3.5—Security issues. This unit must include a discussion of security requirements imposed by the Department of
Homeland Security, Transportation Security Administration; the U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration; and any other State or Federal agency with responsibility for highway or motor carrier security.
Unit 3.6—Proficiency development. This unit must provide driver-students an opportunity to refine, within the on-street
traffic environment, their vehicle handling skills learned in the first three sections. Driver-student performance progress must
be closely monitored to determine when the level of proficiency required for carrying out the basic traffic maneuvers of
stopping, turning, merging, straight driving, curves, lane changing, passing, driving on hills, driving through traffic restrictions,
and parking has been attained. The driver-student must also be assessed for regulatory compliance with all traffic laws.
Nearly all activity in this unit will take place on public roadways in a full range of traffic environments applicable to this
vehicle configuration. This must include urban and rural uncontrolled roadways, expressways or freeways, under light,
moderate, and heavy traffic conditions. There must be a brief classroom session to familiarize driver-students with the type of
on-street maneuvers they will perform and how their performance will be rated.
The instructor must assess the level of skill development of the driver-student and must increase in difficulty, based upon
the level of skill attained, the types of maneuvers, roadways and traffic conditions to which the driver-student is exposed.
SECTION 4—ADVANCED OPERATIONS
The units in this section must introduce higher level skills that can be acquired only after the more fundamental skills and
knowledge taught in sections two and three have been mastered. They must teach the perceptual skills necessary to
recognize potential hazards, and must demonstrate the procedures needed to handle an LCV when faced with a hazard.
The Maintenance and Trouble-shooting Unit must provide instruction that addresses how to keep the vehicle in safe and
efficient operating condition. The purpose of this unit is to teach the correct way to perform simple maintenance tasks, and how
to troubleshoot and report those vehicle discrepancies or deficiencies that must be repaired by a qualified mechanic.
Unit 4.1—Hazard perception. This unit must provide instruction addressing the principles of recognizing hazards in
sufficient time to reduce the severity of the hazard and neutralize a possible emergency situation. While hazards are present in
all motor vehicle traffic operations, some are peculiar to LCV operations. Emphasis must be placed upon hazard recognition,
visual search, and response to possible emergency-producing situations encountered by LCV drivers in various traffic
situations.
Unit 4.2—Hazardous situations. This unit must address dealing with specific procedures appropriate for LCV
emergencies. These must include evasive steering, emergency braking, off-road recovery, brake failures, tire blowouts,
rearward amplification, hydroplaning, skidding, jackknifing and the rollover phenomenon. The discussion must include a review
of unsafe acts and the role they play in producing hazardous situations.
Unit 4.3—Maintenance and trouble-shooting. This unit must introduce driver-students to the basic servicing and checking
procedures for the various vehicle components and provide knowledge of conducting preventive maintenance functions,
making simple emergency repairs, and diagnosing and reporting vehicle malfunctions.
SECTION 5—NON-DRIVING ACTIVITIES

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

40/41

9/25/2019

eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations

The units in this section must cover activities that are not directly related to the vehicle itself but must be performed by an
LCV driver. The units in this section must ensure these activities are performed in a manner that ensures the safety of the
driver, vehicle, cargo, and other road users.
Unit 5.1—Routes and trip planning. This unit must address the importance of and requirements for planning routes and
trips. This must include classroom discussion of Federal and State requirements for a number of topics including permits,
vehicle size and weight limitations, designated highways, local access, the reasonable access rule, staging areas, and access
zones.
Unit 5.2—Cargo and weight considerations. This unit must address the importance of proper cargo documentation,
loading, securing and unloading cargo, weight distribution, load sequencing and trailer placement. Emphasis must be placed
on the importance of axle weight distribution, as well as on trailer placement and its effect on vehicle handling.
[69 FR 29404, May 21, 2004, as amended at 78 FR 58479, Sept. 24, 2013. Redesignated at 81 FR 88794, Dec. 8, 2016]

https://gov.ecfr.io/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2387946713e066c44b2918266e5faf9&mc=true&node=pt49.5.380&rgn=div5#ap49.5.380_1725.a

41/41