BLS Employment Situation April 2019

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 3, 2019

USDL-19-0731

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2019
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in April, and the unemployment rate
declined to 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in
professional and business services, construction, health care, and social assistance.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
April 2017 – April 2019

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, April 2017 – April 2019

Percent

Thousands

6.0

400
350

5.5

300

5.0

250
200

4.5

150
100

4.0

50

3.5

0
-50

3.0
Apr-17

Jul-17

Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18

Jul-18

Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19

Apr-17

Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.6 percent in April, the lowest rate since
December 1969. Over the month, the number of unemployed persons decreased by 387,000 to 5.8
million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in April for adult men (3.4
percent), adult women (3.1 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Asians (2.2 percent), and Hispanics (4.2
percent). The jobless rates for teenagers (13.0 percent) and Blacks (6.7 percent) showed little or no
change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
declined by 186,000 over the month to 2.7 million. (See table A-11.)
In April, the number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks declined by 222,000 to 1.9 million. The
number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2
million in April and accounted for 21.1 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.8 percent in April but was
unchanged from a year earlier. The employment-population ratio was unchanged at 60.6 percent in
April and has been either 60.6 percent or 60.7 percent since October 2018. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 4.7 million in April. These individuals, who would
have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or
because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In April, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year
earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 454,000 discouraged workers in April, about unchanged
from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently
looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 963,000 persons
marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons such as school
attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in April, compared with an average monthly
gain of 213,000 over the prior 12 months. In April, notable jobs gains occurred in professional and
business services, construction, health care, and social assistance. (See table B-1.)
Professional and business services added 76,000 jobs in April. Within the industry, employment gains
occurred in administrative and support services (+53,000) and in computer systems design and related
services (+14,000). Over the past 12 months, professional and business services has added 535,000 jobs.
In April, construction employment rose by 33,000, with gains in nonresidential specialty trade
contractors (+22,000) and in heavy and civil engineering construction (+10,000). Construction has
added 256,000 jobs over the past 12 months.

-2-

Employment in health care grew by 27,000 in April and 404,000 over the past 12 months. In April, job
growth occurred in ambulatory health care services (+17,000), hospitals (+8,000), and community care
facilities for the elderly (+7,000).
Social assistance added 26,000 jobs over the month, with all of the gain in individual and family
services.
Financial activities employment continued to trend up in April (+12,000). The industry has added
110,000 jobs over the past 12 months, with almost three-fourths of the growth in real estate and rental
and leasing.
Manufacturing employment changed little for the third month in a row (+4,000 in April). In the 12
months prior to February, the industry had added an average of 22,000 jobs per month.
Employment in retail trade changed little in April (-12,000). Job losses occurred in general
merchandise stores (-9,000), while motor vehicle and parts dealers added 8,000 jobs.
Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, transportation and
warehousing, information, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little change over the
month.
In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents to
$27.77. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.2 percent. Average hourly earnings
of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to $23.31 in April.
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.4
hours in April. In manufacturing, both the workweek and overtime were unchanged (40.7 hours and 3.4
hours, respectively). The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls held at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised up from +33,000 to +56,000,
and the change for March was revised down from +196,000 to +189,000. With these revisions,
employment gains in February and March combined were 16,000 more than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job
gains have averaged 169,000 per month over the last 3 months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 7, 2019, at 8:30
a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Change from:
Mar. 2019Apr. 2019

Apr.
2019

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

257,272
161,551
62.8
155,216
60.3
6,335
3.9
95,721

258,392
163,184
63.2
156,949
60.7
6,235
3.8
95,208

258,537
162,960
63.0
156,748
60.6
6,211
3.8
95,577

258,693
162,470
62.8
156,645
60.6
5,824
3.6
96,223

156
-490
-0.2
-103
0.0
-387
-0.2
646

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

3.9
3.7
3.5
13.0
3.5
6.5
2.8
4.8

3.8
3.5
3.4
13.4
3.3
7.0
3.1
4.3

3.8
3.6
3.3
12.8
3.4
6.7
3.1
4.7

3.6
3.4
3.1
13.0
3.1
6.7
2.2
4.2

-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
-0.3
0.0
-0.9
-0.5

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.3
5.8
4.3
3.4
2.1

3.1
5.3
3.8
3.2
2.2

3.1
5.9
3.7
3.4
2.0

2.9
5.4
3.5
3.1
2.1

-0.2
-0.5
-0.2
-0.3
0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

2,965
812
2,001
615

2,857
840
1,905
623

2,837
779
2,007
614

2,651
737
1,926
530

-186
-42
-81
-84

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,121
1,975
1,018
1,311

2,194
1,810
942
1,271

2,126
1,815
950
1,305

1,904
1,842
854
1,230

-222
27
-96
-75

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,952
2,990
1,564
21,295

4,310
2,792
1,347
21,153

4,499
2,909
1,329
21,297

4,654
2,891
1,446
21,322

155
-18
117
25

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,362
408

1,424
428

1,357
412

1,417
454

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196
184
60
9
29
22
17
-0.5
5
124
-13.4
3.7
6.6
1.4
5
4
62
12.8
24
20.6
18
13
12

56
46
-19
-4
-23
8
5
1.5
3
65
12.5
-13.7
-6.3
-1.3
-7
5
54
7.0
19
35.8
-1
4
10

189
179
21
1
20
0
-5
-6.3
5
158
-0.1
-15.7
2.4
1.3
7
13
24
-5.8
69
64.6
37
20
10

263
236
34
-3
33
4
0
-1.5
4
202
9.9
-12.0
11.1
-3.2
-1
12
76
17.9
62
52.6
34
14
27

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

236
220

198
189

186
174

169
154

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.6
48.2
82.4

49.8
48.4
82.4

49.8
48.4
82.4

49.8
48.4
82.4

34.5
$26.90
$928.05
109.2
0.2
140.4
0.4

34.4
$27.66
$951.50
110.6
-0.3
146.3
0.1

34.5
$27.71
$956.00
111.1
0.5
147.2
0.6

34.4
$27.77
$955.29
111.0
-0.1
147.3
0.1

64.7
63.8

58.1
52.6

59.7
53.9

60.1
48.0

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 689,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000
(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

257,272
161,280
62.7
155,348
60.4
5,932
3.7
95,992
5,010

258,537
162,823
63.0
156,441
60.5
6,382
3.9
95,714
4,887

258,693
162,097
62.7
156,710
60.6
5,387
3.3
96,596
4,951

257,272
161,551
62.8
155,216
60.3
6,335
3.9
95,721
5,143

258,888
163,240
63.1
156,945
60.6
6,294
3.9
95,649
5,327

258,239
163,229
63.2
156,694
60.7
6,535
4.0
95,010
5,254

258,392
163,184
63.2
156,949
60.7
6,235
3.8
95,208
5,222

258,537
162,960
63.0
156,748
60.6
6,211
3.8
95,577
5,227

258,693
162,470
62.8
156,645
60.6
5,824
3.6
96,223
5,121

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,418
85,965
69.1
82,610
66.4
3,355
3.9
38,453

125,037
86,286
69.0
82,606
66.1
3,681
4.3
38,750

125,114
86,027
68.8
82,963
66.3
3,064
3.6
39,087

124,418
86,102
69.2
82,599
66.4
3,502
4.1
38,317

125,227
86,441
69.0
83,041
66.3
3,401
3.9
38,785

124,890
86,577
69.3
83,031
66.5
3,545
4.1
38,313

124,965
86,439
69.2
83,095
66.5
3,343
3.9
38,527

125,037
86,442
69.1
83,034
66.4
3,408
3.9
38,595

125,114
86,179
68.9
82,959
66.3
3,221
3.7
38,935

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115,921
83,225
71.8
80,242
69.2
2,983
3.6
32,697

116,586
83,603
71.7
80,295
68.9
3,308
4.0
32,983

116,665
83,415
71.5
80,711
69.2
2,703
3.2
33,251

115,921
83,163
71.7
80,108
69.1
3,055
3.7
32,758

116,739
83,500
71.5
80,501
69.0
2,999
3.6
33,239

116,436
83,599
71.8
80,472
69.1
3,126
3.7
32,837

116,513
83,632
71.8
80,712
69.3
2,920
3.5
32,881

116,586
83,573
71.7
80,564
69.1
3,009
3.6
33,013

116,665
83,373
71.5
80,576
69.1
2,797
3.4
33,292

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

132,853
75,314
56.7
72,738
54.8
2,576
3.4
57,539

133,500
76,536
57.3
73,835
55.3
2,701
3.5
56,964

133,579
76,069
56.9
73,747
55.2
2,323
3.1
57,510

132,853
75,449
56.8
72,616
54.7
2,833
3.8
57,405

133,662
76,798
57.5
73,904
55.3
2,894
3.8
56,864

133,350
76,652
57.5
73,663
55.2
2,990
3.9
56,697

133,427
76,746
57.5
73,854
55.4
2,892
3.8
56,681

133,500
76,518
57.3
73,715
55.2
2,803
3.7
56,982

133,579
76,291
57.1
73,687
55.2
2,604
3.4
57,288

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,579
72,573
58.3
70,266
56.4
2,307
3.2
52,006

125,252
73,658
58.8
71,259
56.9
2,399
3.3
51,594

125,332
73,382
58.5
71,327
56.9
2,055
2.8
51,950

124,579
72,558
58.2
70,033
56.2
2,525
3.5
52,021

125,393
73,769
58.8
71,218
56.8
2,550
3.5
51,624

125,099
73,691
58.9
71,049
56.8
2,642
3.6
51,408

125,177
73,760
58.9
71,221
56.9
2,540
3.4
51,417

125,252
73,525
58.7
71,072
56.7
2,453
3.3
51,727

125,332
73,419
58.6
71,131
56.8
2,288
3.1
51,913

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,771
5,482
32.7
4,840
28.9
642
11.7
11,290

16,698
5,562
33.3
4,887
29.3
675
12.1
11,137

16,696
5,300
31.7
4,672
28.0
628
11.9
11,395

16,771
5,829
34.8
5,074
30.3
755
13.0
10,942

16,756
5,971
35.6
5,226
31.2
745
12.5
10,785

16,704
5,939
35.6
5,172
31.0
767
12.9
10,765

16,702
5,792
34.7
5,017
30.0
776
13.4
10,909

16,698
5,862
35.1
5,113
30.6
748
12.8
10,837

16,696
5,678
34.0
4,938
29.6
740
13.0
11,018

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

199,950
125,488
62.8
121,358
60.7
4,130
3.3
74,462

200,508
126,290
63.0
121,929
60.8
4,362
3.5
74,218

200,576
125,627
62.6
122,036
60.8
3,591
2.9
74,950

199,950
125,675
62.9
121,228
60.6
4,447
3.5
74,274

200,774
126,680
63.1
122,318
60.9
4,362
3.4
74,094

200,382
126,351
63.1
121,880
60.8
4,471
3.5
74,030

200,447
126,313
63.0
122,168
60.9
4,144
3.3
74,134

200,508
126,404
63.0
122,143
60.9
4,261
3.4
74,104

200,576
125,900
62.8
121,944
60.8
3,957
3.1
74,676

65,988
72.1
63,848
69.8
2,140
3.2

66,029
71.9
63,742
69.4
2,287
3.5

65,852
71.7
64,014
69.7
1,838
2.8

65,919
72.0
63,724
69.6
2,195
3.3

66,110
71.9
64,046
69.6
2,064
3.1

66,051
72.0
63,890
69.6
2,161
3.3

66,052
72.0
64,088
69.8
1,964
3.0

66,014
71.9
63,936
69.6
2,078
3.1

65,802
71.6
63,896
69.6
1,906
2.9

55,210
57.4
53,641
55.8
1,568
2.8

55,893
58.0
54,293
56.3
1,600
2.9

55,639
57.7
54,309
56.3
1,330
2.4

55,192
57.4
53,451
55.6
1,742
3.2

55,995
58.0
54,226
56.2
1,769
3.2

55,740
57.8
53,959
56.0
1,781
3.2

55,814
57.9
54,151
56.2
1,663
3.0

55,806
57.9
54,140
56.1
1,666
3.0

55,671
57.7
54,133
56.1
1,538
2.8

4,290
34.8
3,868
31.4
421
9.8

4,368
35.6
3,894
31.8
474
10.9

4,136
33.8
3,713
30.3
423
10.2

4,564
37.0
4,053
32.9
511
11.2

4,575
37.2
4,047
32.9
528
11.6

4,560
37.2
4,031
32.9
530
11.6

4,447
36.3
3,929
32.0
518
11.6

4,585
37.4
4,067
33.2
517
11.3

4,427
36.1
3,915
31.9
512
11.6

32,672
20,172
61.7
18,953
58.0
1,219
6.0
12,500

32,925
20,328
61.7
18,965
57.6
1,364
6.7
12,597

32,955
20,537
62.3
19,262
58.4
1,275
6.2
12,418

32,672
20,233
61.9
18,911
57.9
1,321
6.5
12,439

32,956
20,460
62.1
19,107
58.0
1,353
6.6
12,496

32,868
20,628
62.8
19,220
58.5
1,408
6.8
12,240

32,897
20,575
62.5
19,137
58.2
1,437
7.0
12,322

32,925
20,432
62.1
19,073
57.9
1,359
6.7
12,493

32,955
20,589
62.5
19,219
58.3
1,370
6.7
12,366

9,248
67.6
8,681
63.5
567
6.1

9,344
67.6
8,675
62.8
669
7.2

9,449
68.3
8,827
63.8
622
6.6

9,266
67.8
8,674
63.4
593
6.4

9,284
67.2
8,709
63.0
575
6.2

9,367
67.9
8,705
63.1
662
7.1

9,414
68.2
8,734
63.3
680
7.2

9,399
68.0
8,753
63.3
646
6.9

9,456
68.3
8,811
63.7
645
6.8

10,239
62.1
9,764
59.2
475
4.6

10,324
62.1
9,777
58.8
547
5.3

10,406
62.5
9,907
59.5
499
4.8

10,244
62.1
9,716
58.9
528
5.2

10,359
62.2
9,749
58.6
611
5.9

10,419
62.8
9,847
59.3
572
5.5

10,366
62.4
9,822
59.1
544
5.3

10,316
62.0
9,777
58.8
539
5.2

10,411
62.5
9,859
59.2
552
5.3

685
27.4
508
20.3
177
25.8

660
26.7
513
20.7
148
22.4

681
27.6
527
21.3
155
22.7

722
28.9
522
20.8
201
27.8

817
32.8
650
26.1
167
20.5

842
34.0
669
27.0
173
20.6

795
32.1
582
23.5
213
26.8

717
29.0
542
21.9
174
24.3

722
29.2
549
22.2
173
24.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2018
15,933
10,034
63.0
9,765
61.3
269
2.7
5,898

Mar.
2019
16,245
10,447
64.3
10,133
62.4
314
3.0
5,798

Apr.
2019
16,290
10,166
62.4
9,954
61.1
212
2.1
6,124

Apr.
2018
15,933
10,039
63.0
9,760
61.3
279
2.8
5,894

Dec.
2018
16,138
10,262
63.6
9,929
61.5
334
3.3
5,876

Jan.
2019
16,034
10,298
64.2
9,978
62.2
321
3.1
5,736

Feb.
2019
16,055
10,369
64.6
10,045
62.6
324
3.1
5,686

Mar.
2019
16,245
10,402
64.0
10,082
62.1
320
3.1
5,843

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Apr.
2019
16,290
10,180
62.5
9,957
61.1
223
2.2
6,110

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

42,507
28,193
66.3
26,970
63.4
1,223
4.3
14,314

43,205
28,900
66.9
27,479
63.6
1,421
4.9
14,305

43,289
28,474
65.8
27,415
63.3
1,059
3.7
14,814

42,507
28,219
66.4
26,865
63.2
1,354
4.8
14,288

43,234
28,963
67.0
27,701
64.1
1,261
4.4
14,271

43,044
28,985
67.3
27,579
64.1
1,406
4.9
14,060

43,127
28,724
66.6
27,480
63.7
1,245
4.3
14,403

43,205
28,929
67.0
27,566
63.8
1,363
4.7
14,277

43,289
28,546
65.9
27,348
63.2
1,198
4.2
14,743

15,517
80.9
14,949
77.9
568
3.7

15,836
81.2
15,114
77.5
722
4.6

15,595
79.8
15,074
77.2
521
3.3

15,516
80.9
14,891
77.6
626
4.0

15,651
80.2
15,107
77.4
544
3.5

15,699
80.8
15,066
77.6
633
4.0

15,675
80.5
15,117
77.7
557
3.6

15,832
81.2
15,187
77.9
646
4.1

15,611
79.9
15,028
76.9
583
3.7

11,437
59.0
10,929
56.3
508
4.4

11,842
60.0
11,318
57.3
524
4.4

11,776
59.6
11,381
57.6
395
3.4

11,410
58.8
10,869
56.0
541
4.7

12,002
60.8
11,487
58.2
515
4.3

11,968
60.9
11,396
58.0
572
4.8

11,798
59.9
11,331
57.5
466
4.0

11,839
60.0
11,321
57.4
518
4.4

11,762
59.5
11,330
57.3
432
3.7

1,239
31.6
1,091
27.8
148
11.9

1,222
30.8
1,048
26.4
175
14.3

1,103
27.7
961
24.2
142
12.9

1,293
32.9
1,105
28.2
187
14.5

1,310
33.0
1,107
27.9
202
15.4

1,318
33.3
1,117
28.2
201
15.2

1,252
31.6
1,031
26.0
221
17.6

1,257
31.7
1,058
26.6
199
15.9

1,172
29.5
989
24.9
183
15.6

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,438
46.6
9,836
43.9
603
5.8

10,064
45.8
9,374
42.6
689
6.9

10,081
45.7
9,554
43.3
527
5.2

10,294
46.0
9,692
43.3
602
5.8

10,283
46.1
9,683
43.4
600
5.8

10,065
45.2
9,489
42.6
576
5.7

10,267
47.0
9,720
44.5
548
5.3

10,142
46.1
9,548
43.4
594
5.9

9,996
45.3
9,460
42.8
536
5.4

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,538
57.0
34,086
54.7
1,451
4.1

36,015
57.9
34,571
55.6
1,444
4.0

35,900
57.9
34,729
56.0
1,172
3.3

35,487
56.9
33,975
54.5
1,512
4.3

36,154
58.1
34,776
55.9
1,377
3.8

36,301
58.5
34,937
56.3
1,363
3.8

36,230
58.2
34,863
56.0
1,367
3.8

35,983
57.9
34,654
55.8
1,329
3.7

35,901
57.9
34,662
55.9
1,239
3.5

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38,056
65.6
36,818
63.5
1,238
3.3

37,204
65.1
35,895
62.8
1,309
3.5

37,494
64.9
36,405
63.0
1,089
2.9

37,880
65.3
36,578
63.1
1,302
3.4

37,175
65.7
35,954
63.5
1,222
3.3

37,339
65.5
36,071
63.2
1,268
3.4

37,213
65.3
36,040
63.3
1,173
3.2

37,268
65.2
36,012
63.0
1,256
3.4

37,290
64.6
36,141
62.6
1,149
3.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

56,823
74.2
55,735
72.8
1,088
1.9

58,984
74.2
57,789
72.7
1,195
2.0

58,335
73.8
57,235
72.4
1,099
1.9

56,795
74.2
55,616
72.6
1,179
2.1

58,701
73.6
57,442
72.0
1,260
2.1

58,472
74.0
57,078
72.2
1,395
2.4

58,497
73.5
57,220
71.9
1,277
2.2

58,593
73.7
57,409
72.2
1,184
2.0

58,381
73.9
57,179
72.3
1,202
2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

Apr.
2019

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Apr.
2018

Men
Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Women
Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,280
9,582
49.7
9,231
47.9
351
3.7
9,698

18,903
9,337
49.4
9,120
48.2
217
2.3
9,566

17,418
8,446
48.5
8,117
46.6
329
3.9
8,972

17,022
8,219
48.3
8,049
47.3
171
2.1
8,803

1,862
1,136
61.0
1,114
59.8
22
1.9
726

1,881
1,118
59.4
1,072
57.0
46
4.1
763

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,070
3,356
82.5
3,193
78.5
163
4.9
714

4,248
3,390
79.8
3,331
78.4
59
1.7
858

3,378
2,849
84.3
2,702
80.0
147
5.2
529

3,552
2,913
82.0
2,880
81.1
33
1.1
639

692
507
73.3
491
70.9
16
3.2
185

697
477
68.5
451
64.8
26
5.4
220

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,134
2,441
77.9
2,397
76.5
43
1.8
694

3,119
2,413
77.4
2,360
75.7
53
2.2
705

2,638
2,085
79.0
2,044
77.5
41
2.0
553

2,593
2,056
79.3
2,011
77.5
45
2.2
538

496
355
71.6
353
71.2
2
0.6
141

525
357
68.0
349
66.6
8
2.2
168

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,714
1,628
21.1
1,576
20.4
52
3.2
6,086

7,298
1,480
20.3
1,442
19.8
38
2.6
5,818

7,452
1,569
21.0
1,516
20.3
52
3.3
5,883

7,047
1,405
19.9
1,373
19.5
33
2.3
5,642

262
60
22.7
60
22.7
0
–
202

251
75
29.9
70
27.8
5
7.3
176

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,362
2,158
49.5
2,065
47.3
93
4.3
2,204

4,238
2,054
48.5
1,986
46.9
67
3.3
2,184

3,950
1,944
49.2
1,854
46.9
89
4.6
2,006

3,830
1,846
48.2
1,785
46.6
60
3.3
1,984

412
214
52.0
211
51.2
3
1.5
198

408
208
51.0
201
49.3
7
3.2
200

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

229,048
149,781
65.4
144,475
63.1
5,306
3.5
79,267

230,997
150,960
65.4
146,047
63.2
4,913
3.3
80,038

102,525
76,583
74.7
73,719
71.9
2,864
3.7
25,942

103,613
76,873
74.2
74,093
71.5
2,780
3.6
26,740

126,524
73,198
57.9
70,756
55.9
2,442
3.3
53,326

127,385
74,087
58.2
71,953
56.5
2,133
2.9
53,298

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

Persons with no disability
Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,307
6,337
20.9
5,828
19.2
509
8.0
23,970

30,770
6,384
20.7
5,978
19.4
405
6.3
24,386

226,965
154,942
68.3
149,520
65.9
5,423
3.5
72,022

227,923
155,713
68.3
150,731
66.1
4,982
3.2
72,210

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,746
36.6
2,474
33.0
272
9.9
4,746

2,732
36.6
2,522
33.8
210
7.7
4,735

77,722
82.6
74,799
79.5
2,923
3.8
16,384

77,629
82.5
74,947
79.6
2,682
3.5
16,470

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,451
30.7
2,256
28.2
194
7.9
5,538

2,402
30.2
2,249
28.3
152
6.3
5,547

68,401
70.7
66,123
68.3
2,279
3.3
28,377

68,967
71.3
66,927
69.2
2,039
3.0
27,760

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,141
7.7
1,098
7.4
43
3.8
13,685

1,250
8.1
1,208
7.9
43
3.4
14,104

8,819
24.4
8,598
23.8
222
2.5
27,261

9,117
24.6
8,857
23.9
260
2.9
27,979

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Apr.
2018

Men
Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Women
Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

43,164
28,266
65.5
27,300
63.2
967
3.4
14,898

43,527
28,439
65.3
27,660
63.5
779
2.7
15,088

21,041
16,398
77.9
15,961
75.9
437
2.7
4,643

21,187
16,521
78.0
16,122
76.1
400
2.4
4,665

22,123
11,868
53.6
11,338
51.2
530
4.5
10,255

22,340
11,918
53.3
11,539
51.7
379
3.2
10,422

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

214,107
133,014
62.1
128,049
59.8
4,965
3.7
81,094

215,166
133,657
62.1
129,049
60.0
4,608
3.4
81,509

103,377
69,568
67.3
66,649
64.5
2,919
4.2
33,810

103,927
69,506
66.9
66,842
64.3
2,664
3.8
34,421

110,730
63,446
57.3
61,400
55.5
2,046
3.2
47,284

111,239
64,151
57.7
62,208
55.9
1,944
3.0
47,087

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

2,230
1,438
759
33
153,119
144,009
21,453
122,556
780
121,776
9,039
70

2,243
1,558
667
18
154,197
145,493
21,077
124,417
808
123,609
8,659
45

2,281
1,571
687
23
154,429
145,849
21,189
124,661
825
123,835
8,543
37

2,312
1,528
747
–
152,860
143,815
21,175
122,663
–
121,895
9,001
–

2,522
1,747
752
–
154,520
145,478
20,677
124,787
–
123,904
9,031
–

2,576
1,778
787
–
154,177
145,251
20,614
124,657
–
123,861
8,855
–

2,510
1,741
764
–
154,446
145,674
20,588
125,042
–
124,243
8,780
–

2,332
1,687
644
–
154,358
145,609
20,677
124,948
–
124,153
8,727
–

2,394
1,687
690
–
154,271
145,675
20,831
124,892
–
124,075
8,569
–

4,734
2,867
1,573
22,132

4,621
2,949
1,413
21,738

4,483
2,782
1,473
22,160

4,952
2,990
1,564
21,295

4,657
2,891
1,496
21,234

5,147
3,451
1,419
20,949

4,310
2,792
1,347
21,153

4,499
2,909
1,329
21,297

4,654
2,891
1,446
21,322

4,631
2,799
1,559
21,763

4,548
2,895
1,410
21,434

4,424
2,750
1,461
21,830

4,844
2,926
1,552
20,918

4,580
2,816
1,473
20,826

5,079
3,418
1,401
20,548

4,244
2,763
1,339
20,761

4,439
2,854
1,327
20,995

4,589
2,865
1,437
20,985

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

155,348
4,840
1,642
3,198
150,508
14,034
136,475
100,206
35,157
32,670
32,379
36,269

156,441
4,887
1,601
3,285
151,554
13,925
137,629
100,750
35,686
32,785
32,279
36,879

156,710
4,672
1,543
3,129
152,038
14,114
137,923
100,890
35,602
33,001
32,287
37,033

155,216
5,074
1,827
3,265
150,141
14,152
135,952
99,968
35,103
32,604
32,260
35,985

156,945
5,226
1,784
3,441
151,720
13,885
137,786
100,833
35,689
32,881
32,263
36,954

156,694
5,172
1,674
3,459
151,522
13,911
137,605
100,787
35,665
32,902
32,221
36,817

156,949
5,017
1,756
3,249
151,932
14,018
137,942
100,840
35,584
33,101
32,156
37,102

156,748
5,113
1,759
3,356
151,635
14,064
137,685
100,792
35,695
32,855
32,241
36,893

156,645
4,938
1,723
3,198
151,707
14,192
137,481
100,687
35,582
32,918
32,187
36,794

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

82,610
2,368
774
1,594
80,242
7,204
73,038
53,721
18,944
17,667
17,110
19,317

82,606
2,311
793
1,518
80,295
7,015
73,280
53,825
19,294
17,635
16,897
19,455

82,963
2,252
821
1,430
80,711
7,161
73,551
53,870
19,170
17,815
16,884
19,681

82,599
2,492
850
1,651
80,108
7,271
72,835
53,659
18,949
17,633
17,077
19,176

83,041
2,540
848
1,686
80,501
7,044
73,435
53,774
19,165
17,701
16,908
19,661

83,031
2,559
805
1,735
80,472
7,101
73,398
53,808
19,132
17,772
16,904
19,591

83,095
2,384
860
1,535
80,712
7,148
73,566
53,858
19,119
17,899
16,840
19,708

83,034
2,470
882
1,594
80,564
7,120
73,520
53,968
19,314
17,720
16,933
19,553

82,959
2,383
893
1,486
80,576
7,203
73,379
53,813
19,186
17,768
16,859
19,566

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72,738
2,472
868
1,603
70,266
6,829
63,437
46,485
16,213
15,003
15,269
16,952

73,835
2,576
808
1,767
71,259
6,910
64,349
46,925
16,392
15,151
15,382
17,424

73,747
2,420
721
1,699
71,327
6,954
64,373
47,020
16,432
15,186
15,402
17,352

72,616
2,583
977
1,614
70,033
6,881
63,117
46,309
16,155
14,971
15,183
16,809

73,904
2,686
936
1,755
71,218
6,841
64,352
47,059
16,524
15,180
15,355
17,293

73,663
2,613
869
1,723
71,049
6,810
64,206
46,979
16,533
15,130
15,317
17,227

73,854
2,633
896
1,714
71,221
6,870
64,377
46,983
16,465
15,202
15,316
17,394

73,715
2,643
877
1,762
71,072
6,944
64,164
46,824
16,381
15,135
15,308
17,340

73,687
2,555
830
1,712
71,131
6,989
64,102
46,874
16,396
15,150
15,327
17,228

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46,195
36,386
9,492

45,865
36,841
9,708

45,927
36,414
9,698

45,991
36,122
–

45,984
36,379
–

45,819
36,504
–

45,893
36,574
–

45,867
36,566
–

45,734
36,206
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

127,340
28,008

128,819
27,622

129,212
27,498

127,826
27,382

129,913
26,994

129,837
26,752

130,159
26,878

129,969
26,938

129,778
26,915

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,637
4.9

8,047
5.1

7,765
5.0

7,667
4.9

7,866
5.0

7,850
5.0

7,641
4.9

7,853
5.0

7,798
5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,787
9,798

5,991
9,326

6,094
9,230

–
9,748

–
9,783

–
9,642

–
9,544

–
9,371

–
9,259

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,335
755
296
466
5,580
1,015
4,598
3,522
1,598
999
925
1,107

6,211
748
254
486
5,463
1,095
4,359
3,373
1,487
930
955
1,012

5,824
740
273
451
5,085
993
4,132
3,159
1,434
898
827
978

3.9
13.0
13.9
12.5
3.6
6.7
3.3
3.4
4.4
3.0
2.8
3.0

3.9
12.5
13.8
12.1
3.5
7.2
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.8
2.9
2.9

4.0
12.9
14.4
12.2
3.7
7.6
3.3
3.3
3.9
2.9
2.9
3.2

3.8
13.4
16.0
12.2
3.5
7.2
3.1
3.2
4.0
2.6
2.9
2.7

3.8
12.8
12.6
12.7
3.5
7.2
3.1
3.2
4.0
2.8
2.9
2.7

3.6
13.0
13.7
12.4
3.2
6.5
2.9
3.0
3.9
2.7
2.5
2.6

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,502
447
176
276
3,055
604
2,488
1,856
892
486
479
632

3,408
398
116
274
3,009
690
2,327
1,765
750
505
510
562

3,221
424
127
297
2,797
601
2,226
1,703
719
497
487
522

4.1
15.2
17.2
14.3
3.7
7.7
3.3
3.3
4.5
2.7
2.7
3.2

3.9
13.7
14.9
13.7
3.6
7.8
3.1
3.2
3.7
2.8
3.0
3.0

4.1
14.1
15.6
13.1
3.7
8.4
3.3
3.3
4.0
2.9
2.9
3.3

3.9
15.1
18.0
14.0
3.5
7.6
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.6
3.0
2.8

3.9
13.9
11.7
14.7
3.6
8.8
3.1
3.2
3.7
2.8
2.9
2.8

3.7
15.1
12.5
16.6
3.4
7.7
2.9
3.1
3.6
2.7
2.8
2.6

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,833
308
119
190
2,525
411
2,110
1,666
707
513
446
485

2,803
350
137
212
2,453
404
2,032
1,608
737
426
445
463

2,604
316
146
154
2,288
392
1,906
1,456
715
401
340
468

3.8
10.7
10.9
10.5
3.5
5.6
3.2
3.5
4.2
3.3
2.9
2.8

3.8
11.3
12.9
10.5
3.5
6.5
3.1
3.3
4.2
2.7
2.8
2.8

3.9
11.7
13.3
11.2
3.6
6.7
3.2
3.3
3.9
2.9
3.0
2.9

3.8
11.8
14.0
10.6
3.4
6.8
3.1
3.2
4.2
2.6
2.8
2.6

3.7
11.7
13.5
10.7
3.3
5.5
3.1
3.3
4.3
2.7
2.8
2.6

3.4
11.0
15.0
8.3
3.1
5.3
2.9
3.0
4.2
2.6
2.2
2.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

985
905
548

912
892
479

821
668
501

2.1
2.4
5.5

2.1
2.3
4.5

2.1
2.4
5.4

1.9
2.3
4.9

1.9
2.4
4.7

1.8
1.8
4.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,150
1,204

5,026
1,224

4,680
1,163

3.9
4.2

3.7
4.8

4.0
4.2

3.8
4.1

3.7
4.3

3.5
4.1

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2,805
713
2,092
1,415
677
761
1,836
530

3,098
1,029
2,069
1,470
599
763
1,982
539

2,484
574
1,910
1,287
623
685
1,761
457

2,965
865
2,100
1,418
682
812
2,001
615

2,903
762
2,141
1,432
710
839
1,958
588

3,082
937
2,144
1,427
717
805
1,945
606

2,857
820
2,037
1,300
737
840
1,905
623

2,837
878
1,960
1,379
580
779
2,007
614

2,651
717
1,934
1,302
632
737
1,926
530

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

47.3
12.0
35.3
12.8
31.0
8.9

48.5
16.1
32.4
12.0
31.1
8.4

46.1
10.6
35.5
12.7
32.7
8.5

46.4
13.5
32.8
12.7
31.3
9.6

46.2
12.1
34.1
13.3
31.1
9.3

47.9
14.6
33.3
12.5
30.2
9.4

45.9
13.2
32.7
13.5
30.6
10.0

45.5
14.1
31.4
12.5
32.2
9.8

45.4
12.3
33.1
12.6
33.0
9.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.9
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.5
0.4
1.1
0.3

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.6
0.5
1.2
0.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,782
1,666
2,483
1,158
1,325

1,868
2,017
2,496
1,111
1,385

1,585
1,572
2,231
997
1,234

2,121
1,975
2,330
1,018
1,311

2,126
2,027
2,203
897
1,306

2,325
2,013
2,153
902
1,252

2,194
1,810
2,214
942
1,271

2,126
1,815
2,256
950
1,305

1,904
1,842
2,084
854
1,230

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24.2
11.9

22.9
10.8

24.2
11.2

23.0
9.8

21.8
9.1

20.5
8.9

21.7
9.3

22.2
9.6

22.9
9.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30.1
28.1
41.9
19.5
22.3

29.3
31.6
39.1
17.4
21.7

29.4
29.2
41.4
18.5
22.9

33.0
30.7
36.3
15.9
20.4

33.4
31.9
34.7
14.1
20.5

35.8
31.0
33.2
13.9
19.3

35.3
29.1
35.6
15.2
20.4

34.3
29.3
36.4
15.3
21.1

32.7
31.6
35.7
14.6
21.1

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

155,348
62,561

156,710
63,560

5,932
1,134

5,387
1,040

3.7
1.8

3.3
1.6

25,742
36,819
27,105
33,170
15,573
17,597

26,645
36,915
26,921
33,295
15,211
18,084

460
675
1,238
1,242
659
583

375
664
1,132
1,254
625
629

1.8
1.8
4.4
3.6
4.1
3.2

1.4
1.8
4.0
3.6
3.9
3.4

14,036
969
8,014
5,052

14,141
1,198
8,274
4,669

926
127
662
138

725
140
453
132

6.2
11.6
7.6
2.7

4.9
10.5
5.2
2.7

18,476
8,434
10,042

18,792
8,534
10,257

841
384
457

768
340
427

4.4
4.4
4.4

3.9
3.8
4.0

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

5,932
4,533
39
623
521
308
212
843
207
62
155
596
555
719
212
137
433
300

5,387
4,254
17
439
483
265
218
829
255
87
210
611
512
647
164
121
347
208

3.7
3.6
4.7
6.5
3.3
3.1
3.5
4.2
3.0
2.3
1.6
3.5
2.3
5.2
3.1
9.0
2.0
2.9

3.3
3.3
2.4
4.7
3.0
2.6
3.6
4.3
3.4
3.5
2.1
3.5
2.1
4.5
2.5
7.3
1.6
2.2

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2018

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Dec.
2018

Jan.
2019

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019

Apr.
2019

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.7

1.9

1.5

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

3.7

3.9

3.3

3.9

3.9

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.9

4.2

3.6

4.2

4.1

4.3

4.1

4.1

3.9

4.5

4.7

4.2

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.4

7.4

7.5

6.9

7.8

7.6

8.1

7.3

7.3

7.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Apr.
2018

Men
Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Women
Apr.
2019

Apr.
2018

Apr.
2019

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

95,992
5,010
1,362
408
955

96,596
4,951
1,417
454
963

38,453
2,294
706
242
463

39,087
2,420
742
288
455

57,539
2,716
657
165
491

57,510
2,531
674
166
508

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,637
4.9
4,237
2,040
273
1,053

7,765
5.0
4,317
2,098
252
1,045

3,841
4.6
2,337
756
163
572

3,693
4.5
2,227
738
168
535

3,797
5.2
1,900
1,284
111
480

4,072
5.5
2,090
1,360
84
510

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

148,383
125,581
20,422

149,148
126,370
20,576

149,862
126,998
20,700

150,988
128,058
20,912

148,475
126,054
20,587

150,643
128,133
21,022

150,832
128,312
21,043

151,095
128,548
21,077

Change
from:
Mar.2019 Apr.2019p
263
236
34

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

714
47.6
665.9
142.1
188.5
51.8
41.0

744
45.7
698.0
150.5
189.2
52.5
40.8

746
45.1
701.2
152.0
191.3
52.6
40.9

743
42.4
700.9
151.1
194.0
52.5
41.0

723
49.9
672.8
143.7
189.8
51.7
41.4

755
46.1
708.5
151.8
195.4
52.6
41.1

756
46.3
709.6
152.5
195.9
52.8
41.2

753
44.6
708.0
152.5
195.7
52.4
41.4

-3
-1.7
-1.6
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
0.2

95.7
335.3

95.9
358.3

97.8
357.9

100.5
355.8

96.7
339.3

101.7
361.3

101.9
361.2

101.9
359.8

0.0
-1.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,129
1,596.0
784.6
811.4
1,020.3
4,512.8
1,984.3
2,528.5

7,066
1,602.9
806.4
796.5
970.8
4,491.9
1,963.6
2,528.3

7,174
1,616.1
814.4
801.7
1,002.1
4,555.7
1,991.3
2,564.4

7,385
1,633.5
824.2
809.3
1,069.6
4,681.5
2,038.0
2,643.5

7,230
1,616.3
795.1
821.2
1,038.3
4,575.3
2,011.3
2,564.0

7,433
1,653.5
832.1
821.4
1,075.2
4,704.1
2,055.3
2,648.8

7,453
1,656.4
836.6
819.8
1,077.9
4,718.2
2,062.0
2,656.2

7,486
1,654.3
834.1
820.2
1,087.8
4,743.4
2,065.1
2,678.3

33
-2.1
-2.5
0.4
9.9
25.2
3.1
22.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,579

12,766

12,780

12,784

12,634

12,834

12,834

12,838

7,886
403.5
414.3
376.3
1,455.8
1,109.2
1,046.9
155.5
85.0

8,034
406.1
403.5
383.8
1,479.1
1,141.8
1,070.7
159.8
85.3

8,039
405.1
407.1
383.6
1,481.8
1,140.8
1,073.5
160.3
86.1

8,038
408.6
413.3
381.3
1,482.2
1,137.0
1,073.5
159.1
86.0

7,903
405.6
414.3
376.4
1,458.6
1,111.6
1,050.7
156.1
85.3

8,060
411.2
415.3
383.2
1,483.8
1,141.0
1,073.3
160.2
85.8

8,055
409.8
414.1
383.1
1,485.1
1,141.4
1,074.4
160.1
86.1

8,055
411.2
413.5
381.0
1,484.9
1,138.7
1,076.6
159.5
86.2

0
1.4
-0.6
-2.1
-0.2
-2.7
2.2
-0.6
0.1

367.6
405.8

374.9
417.8

375.7
418.4

374.5
421.1

368.7
407.1

375.3
418.6

375.6
419.3

375.3
422.2

-0.3
2.9

33.0
394.5
1,688.7
997.1
392.4

32.9
401.2
1,741.0
1,007.9
395.6

33.0
402.0
1,739.2
1,004.0
394.1

32.8
400.1
1,734.6
998.1
393.3

33.5
395.7
1,689.8
995.0
393.8

33.3
403.0
1,739.8
1,005.5
395.5

33.3
403.0
1,734.4
999.2
394.9

33.3
401.6
1,736.3
997.7
394.9

0.0
-1.4
1.9
-1.5
0.0

604.5

611.5

612.1

614.2

606.6

613.8

614.7

616.1

1.4

4,693
1,587.8
112.2
115.6
116.0
364.8
430.2
113.1
830.3
729.0

4,732
1,612.1
111.9
113.8
106.8
370.4
420.6
112.6
855.5
734.9

4,741
1,611.7
112.7
114.5
107.7
370.5
420.7
113.1
855.9
735.5

4,746
1,612.5
113.6
114.4
108.3
368.8
417.9
114.8
857.8
735.6

4,731
1,613.4
112.5
115.9
116.1
365.1
431.5
114.8
832.5
729.2

4,774
1,632.6
112.0
114.7
106.8
369.8
423.2
117.0
858.2
736.2

4,779
1,635.6
112.9
115.0
107.7
370.6
421.5
116.7
856.7
735.9

4,783
1,638.3
113.7
114.9
107.9
369.0
419.6
116.5
859.7
735.9

4
2.7
0.8
-0.1
0.2
-1.6
-1.9
-0.2
3.0
0.0

293.9

293.3

298.4

301.8

300.1

303.4

305.9

307.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105,159

105,794

106,298

107,146

105,467

107,111

107,269

107,471

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,354

27,474

27,495

27,567

27,589

27,827

27,815

27,820

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

4

5,805.0
3,127.2
2,139.1

5,888.8
3,190.9
2,144.4

5,895.6
3,195.7
2,150.2

5,915.3
3,204.0
2,160.1

5,821.4
3,135.2
2,144.3

5,921.6
3,202.0
2,163.6

5,921.5
3,205.1
2,163.9

5,931.4
3,212.2
2,164.6

1.5
202
5
9.9
7.1
0.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2019p

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Change
from:
Mar.2019 Apr.2019p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

538.7

553.5

549.7

551.2

541.9

556.0

552.5

554.6

2.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,681.4
2,012.0
1,293.2
159.2
559.6
473.7
489.0

15,567.4
2,020.7
1,300.7
151.2
568.8
483.7
471.9

15,577.1
2,032.7
1,304.8
153.8
574.1
484.8
468.4

15,625.6
2,049.2
1,311.0
161.1
577.1
480.8
467.3

15,838.0
2,014.1
1,296.7
158.4
559.0
479.8
495.7

15,816.6
2,038.9
1,307.2
159.0
572.7
485.7
474.2

15,800.9
2,043.0
1,308.9
157.9
576.2
488.1
472.5

15,788.9
2,050.5
1,314.0
160.2
576.3
486.9
472.4

-12.0
7.5
5.1
2.3
0.1
-1.2
-0.1

1,358.2
3,055.2
1,053.6
924.2
1,317.7

1,263.4
3,090.3
1,042.4
935.4
1,312.6

1,310.3
3,087.4
1,035.8
935.5
1,303.6

1,347.5
3,092.8
1,035.9
940.6
1,292.9

1,309.8
3,083.3
1,060.5
931.9
1,365.4

1,304.8
3,114.8
1,049.3
947.3
1,354.3

1,302.9
3,117.0
1,042.4
945.6
1,348.7

1,299.9
3,119.2
1,045.0
948.2
1,342.1

-3.0
2.2
2.6
2.6
-6.6

577.6
3,035.9
1,106.2

547.0
3,005.8
1,099.8

547.8
2,981.2
1,084.5

543.4
2,981.4
1,079.5

596.4
3,094.3
1,144.0

559.5
3,069.8
1,130.2

564.0
3,059.0
1,125.5

558.7
3,050.5
1,120.8

-5.3
-8.5
-4.7

1,929.7
821.1
563.2

1,906.0
817.2
577.0

1,896.7
814.2
575.4

1,901.9
822.3
571.5

1,950.3
834.1
572.7

1,939.6
836.5
581.5

1,933.5
836.3
581.4

1,929.7
835.2
580.3

-3.8
-1.1
-1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,311.3
498.6
212.7
63.8
1,468.7

5,467.5
511.0
212.4
62.3
1,492.9

5,468.5
513.3
211.2
62.4
1,494.4

5,475.5
514.9
211.2
63.8
1,502.9

5,372.2
499.3
212.8
64.4
1,481.4

5,534.9
514.7
213.9
65.1
1,516.5

5,537.3
514.9
212.3
64.6
1,516.8

5,548.4
515.4
211.6
64.6
1,516.3

11.1
0.5
-0.7
0.0
-0.5

500.0
48.4
30.1
705.6
673.7
1,109.7

500.0
46.8
24.7
714.6
726.5
1,176.3

502.1
47.0
26.9
717.3
720.3
1,173.6

508.3
47.1
29.9
718.3
703.1
1,176.0

486.6
48.5
34.5
706.7
714.4
1,123.6

489.0
47.2
33.9
718.7
751.3
1,184.6

489.0
47.1
34.0
719.6
752.4
1,186.6

494.1
47.2
34.1
719.7
753.4
1,192.0

5.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
5.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

556.2

550.7

553.6

550.1

557.2

553.6

554.9

551.7

-3.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,823
726.5

2,798
731.2

2,804
731.2

2,807
730.9

2,829
730.4

2,808
733.5

2,815
733.8

2,814
734.7

-1
0.9

442.6
270.6
752.9

410.2
270.6
732.5

417.1
269.8
730.3

423.2
268.4
722.6

438.7
270.4
756.6

416.8
271.1
730.9

424.1
269.0
730.1

420.6
268.5
727.0

-3.5
-0.5
-3.1

329.8
300.8

330.9
322.7

332.5
322.6

333.0
328.7

330.1
302.6

331.7
324.3

332.9
324.8

333.4
330.0

0.5
5.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,496
6,281.3
19.3

8,571
6,310.3
19.6

8,592
6,314.1
19.6

8,605
6,310.9
19.6

8,541
6,303.3
19.4

8,626
6,323.8
19.7

8,639
6,329.5
19.7

8,651
6,332.9
19.7

12
3.4
0.0

2,636.7
1,711.6
1,321.0
617.1
308.0

2,630.0
1,712.9
1,313.4
608.5
308.6

2,623.1
1,709.3
1,311.0
608.1
305.7

2,619.3
1,705.2
1,304.8
607.9
306.2

2,645.9
1,714.9
1,322.3
622.3
308.8

2,635.4
1,714.9
1,313.2
612.0
308.5

2,631.3
1,710.6
1,310.3
613.7
306.9

2,629.9
1,708.9
1,306.2
613.6
307.3

-1.4
-1.7
-4.1
-0.1
0.4

948.6
2,676.7
2,214.8
1,637.9
554.4

963.8
2,696.9
2,260.2
1,670.3
567.3

965.1
2,706.3
2,277.4
1,677.1
577.6

965.5
2,706.5
2,293.7
1,686.4
584.5

953.2
2,684.8
2,237.8
1,650.0
565.0

967.4
2,701.3
2,302.6
1,691.3
588.2

969.4
2,709.1
2,309.8
1,693.6
593.1

970.3
2,713.0
2,317.6
1,699.0
595.5

0.9
3.9
7.8
5.4
2.4

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2019p

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Change
from:
Mar.2019 Apr.2019p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

22.5

22.6

22.7

22.8

22.8

23.1

23.1

23.1

0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,828
9,281.0
1,135.1
1,093.0
1,452.6
142.8

20,987
9,525.0
1,134.0
1,144.3
1,483.2
147.5

21,073
9,541.0
1,138.3
1,145.5
1,490.5
148.2

21,362
9,573.3
1,137.5
1,132.5
1,493.9
149.5

20,878
9,230.2
1,140.0
1,005.6
1,464.1
142.8

21,313
9,479.6
1,141.7
1,037.8
1,503.1
149.1

21,337
9,508.6
1,143.1
1,041.6
1,508.3
149.5

21,413
9,522.5
1,142.4
1,042.9
1,506.6
149.4

76
13.9
-0.7
1.3
-1.7
-0.1

2,096.0

2,166.9

2,162.3

2,191.0

2,102.4

2,169.4

2,182.7

2,196.8

14.1

1,461.2

1,505.6

1,504.3

1,513.2

1,469.0

1,518.6

1,520.8

1,521.7

0.9

680.4
490.0
729.9
2,348.8
9,198.2
8,767.6
511.3
151.7
3,595.7
2,937.5
888.8

713.5
487.5
742.5
2,392.6
9,069.2
8,625.7
520.5
155.2
3,569.5
2,908.5
894.4

715.9
488.4
747.6
2,396.4
9,135.7
8,690.0
522.8
155.6
3,582.8
2,924.8
887.5

719.2
485.3
751.2
2,404.3
9,384.1
8,933.4
531.2
154.4
3,649.4
2,985.6
883.9

683.8
490.4
732.0
2,359.8
9,288.4
8,854.2
512.6
151.8
3,667.2
2,999.1
897.1

717.3
490.5
752.1
2,405.2
9,428.0
8,977.1
523.9
155.8
3,715.0
3,040.5
893.3

719.9
489.6
753.2
2,408.2
9,420.6
8,968.3
526.1
155.6
3,707.9
3,034.7
891.1

723.1
485.8
753.8
2,415.0
9,475.4
9,021.4
531.9
154.8
3,723.1
3,052.6
893.0

3.2
-3.8
0.6
6.8
54.8
53.1
5.8
-0.8
15.2
17.9
1.9

220.5
937.5
2,137.4
324.7

212.8
937.8
2,005.2
330.3

214.3
945.5
2,050.5
331.0

216.0
948.8
2,206.3
343.4

219.7
941.6
2,139.8
324.5

215.8
949.2
2,189.1
335.0

215.5
952.5
2,187.1
332.5

215.4
953.3
2,207.7
342.3

-0.1
0.8
20.6
9.8

430.6

443.5

445.7

450.7

434.2

450.9

452.3

454.0

1.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,705
3,878.3
19,827.0
15,898.2
7,442.3
2,606.8
945.6
921.3
925.5
274.1
1,459.8

24,130
3,914.5
20,215.7
16,224.9
7,651.1
2,653.9
974.1
956.4
964.7
286.5
1,509.6

24,204
3,921.1
20,283.2
16,272.2
7,682.5
2,661.1
978.5
956.7
967.8
288.1
1,520.7

24,296
3,942.5
20,353.1
16,303.9
7,707.9
2,666.9
979.9
962.8
966.2
288.7
1,532.0

23,542
3,705.4
19,836.9
15,930.9
7,455.1
2,612.4
949.3
921.6
926.5
274.2
1,461.8

23,999
3,755.0
20,243.6
16,259.9
7,669.6
2,659.1
976.5
959.4
964.8
286.9
1,515.8

24,068
3,759.3
20,308.2
16,307.4
7,699.9
2,666.6
981.3
961.1
966.6
288.1
1,526.0

24,130
3,769.0
20,360.8
16,334.4
7,717.1
2,671.6
983.4
963.4
966.8
288.7
1,531.9

62
9.7
52.6
27.0
17.2
5.0
2.1
2.3
0.2
0.6
5.9

309.2
5,114.2
3,341.7
1,602.7
640.0

305.9
5,206.0
3,367.8
1,601.6
645.8

309.6
5,217.3
3,372.4
1,600.7
650.0

311.4
5,218.9
3,377.1
1,599.1
648.7

309.3
5,123.5
3,352.3
1,608.4
640.8

307.2
5,211.6
3,378.7
1,605.9
647.4

310.2
5,220.9
3,386.6
1,608.2
651.3

311.2
5,229.2
3,388.1
1,605.1
649.9

1.0
8.3
1.5
-3.1
-1.4

933.9
165.1
3,928.8
2,447.2
171.4
327.6
982.6

950.4
170.0
3,990.8
2,498.6
177.1
326.1
989.0

951.4
170.3
4,011.0
2,513.2
176.6
328.4
992.8

959.5
169.8
4,049.2
2,548.3
176.0
326.6
998.3

937.5
165.6
3,906.0
2,443.8
171.3
329.1
961.9

954.7
170.7
3,983.7
2,502.7
175.9
329.4
975.8

955.9
171.2
4,000.8
2,517.5
175.9
331.1
976.3

962.9
170.3
4,026.4
2,543.8
176.2
328.3
978.1

7.0
-0.9
25.6
26.3
0.3
-2.8
1.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,132
2,310.3
522.5

15,997
2,225.7
471.1

16,253
2,299.9
492.1

16,586
2,424.5
538.4

16,262
2,375.8
504.0

16,646
2,472.3
517.0

16,683
2,480.9
517.5

16,717
2,490.3
519.5

34
9.4
2.0

165.4

158.6

164.3

172.7

168.9

174.2

174.8

176.1

1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Change
from:
Mar.2019 Apr.2019p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,622.4
13,821.9
1,976.9
11,845.0

1,596.0
13,771.4
1,955.9
11,815.5

1,643.5
13,953.1
1,979.5
11,973.6

1,713.4
14,161.2
1,999.6
12,161.6

1,702.9
13,886.1
2,023.0
11,863.1

1,781.1
14,173.5
2,045.5
12,128.0

1,788.6
14,202.4
2,046.6
12,155.8

1,794.7
14,226.8
2,046.0
12,180.8

6.1
24.4
-0.6
25.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,821
1,329.0
1,502.1
2,989.5

5,837
1,332.5
1,507.6
2,997.1

5,877
1,347.4
1,517.5
3,011.8

5,923
1,358.2
1,538.9
3,025.7

5,826
1,324.9
1,499.8
3,001.0

5,892
1,340.3
1,528.7
3,023.3

5,912
1,348.8
1,532.5
3,030.8

5,926
1,353.4
1,536.9
3,035.7

14
4.6
4.4
4.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,802
2,786.0
2,177.6
608.6
5,335.0
2,644.1
2,691.1
14,681.0
8,258.8
6,422.4

22,778
2,785.0
2,180.3
604.6
5,313.0
2,625.6
2,687.4
14,680.0
8,268.3
6,412.1

22,864
2,779.0
2,173.8
605.6
5,339.0
2,647.1
2,692.1
14,746.0
8,310.5
6,435.0

22,930
2,803.0
2,197.8
604.8
5,338.0
2,650.7
2,687.4
14,789.0
8,311.9
6,476.9

22,421
2,793.0
2,186.3
607.0
5,169.0
2,478.5
2,690.3
14,459.0
7,953.4
6,505.4

22,510
2,804.0
2,197.7
606.0
5,186.0
2,485.7
2,699.9
14,520.0
7,983.6
6,536.7

22,520
2,800.0
2,193.9
606.2
5,186.0
2,488.1
2,697.6
14,534.0
7,990.4
6,543.7

22,547
2,811.0
2,206.4
604.7
5,175.0
2,487.6
2,687.4
14,561.0
8,003.3
6,557.3

27
11.0
12.5
-1.5
-11.0
-0.5
-10.2
27.0
12.9
13.6

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.5
40.6
45.9
39.4
41.0
41.5
40.2
33.3
34.5
39.0
31.0
39.0
42.2
36.1
37.6
36.1
33.0
26.0
31.8

34.4
40.3
46.3
38.9
40.7
41.0
40.1
33.3
34.2
39.0
30.6
38.6
42.4
36.2
37.7
36.2
33.0
26.0
31.9

34.5
40.5
46.5
39.4
40.7
41.1
40.1
33.3
34.3
39.0
30.6
38.8
42.3
36.2
37.7
36.3
33.1
26.1
32.0

34.4
40.3
46.7
39.1
40.7
41.0
40.1
33.3
34.3
39.0
30.7
38.8
41.9
36.3
37.7
36.2
33.0
26.0
31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.7
3.7
3.6

3.5
3.5
3.6

3.4
3.4
3.5

3.4
3.4
3.5

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$26.90
28.09
32.36
29.67
26.95
28.28
24.66
26.62
23.13
30.11
18.60
24.28
40.16
39.46
34.46
32.28
26.84
15.86
24.46

$27.66
28.68
33.06
30.42
27.43
28.88
24.92
27.42
23.94
31.06
19.40
24.59
41.71
41.56
35.53
33.17
27.48
16.37
24.97

$27.71
28.73
33.08
30.47
27.45
28.91
24.95
27.47
24.04
31.31
19.42
24.62
42.31
41.68
35.52
33.28
27.50
16.41
24.85

$27.77
28.80
33.45
30.60
27.47
28.94
24.93
27.53
24.01
31.15
19.47
24.66
41.82
41.64
35.75
33.40
27.53
16.45
24.91

$928.05
1,140.45
1,485.32
1,169.00
1,104.95
1,173.62
991.33
886.45
797.99
1,174.29
576.60
946.92
1,694.75
1,424.51
1,295.70
1,165.31
885.72
412.36
777.83

$951.50
1,155.80
1,530.68
1,183.34
1,116.40
1,184.08
999.29
913.09
818.75
1,211.34
593.64
949.17
1,768.50
1,504.47
1,339.48
1,200.75
906.84
425.62
796.54

$956.00
1,163.57
1,538.22
1,200.52
1,117.22
1,188.20
1,000.50
914.75
824.57
1,221.09
594.25
955.26
1,789.71
1,508.82
1,339.10
1,208.06
910.25
428.30
795.20

$955.29
1,160.64
1,562.12
1,196.46
1,118.03
1,186.54
999.69
916.75
823.54
1,214.85
597.73
956.81
1,752.26
1,511.53
1,347.78
1,209.08
908.49
427.70
794.63

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2019 Apr.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

109.2
95.2
104.3
98.2
93.2
92.3
94.9
113.0
103.8
100.1
99.7
119.8
101.7
93.3
105.2
118.2
126.9
120.6
106.8

110.6
96.5
109.8
99.7
94.0
93.0
95.6
114.7
103.8
101.9
98.3
122.1
101.6
92.8
106.5
121.0
129.3
123.5
108.4

111.1
97.1
110.5
101.2
94.0
93.2
95.7
114.9
104.0
101.9
98.2
122.8
101.6
93.1
106.7
121.4
130.1
124.2
109.1

111.0
96.8
110.5
100.9
94.0
93.0
95.7
115.1
104.0
102.0
98.4
123.0
100.0
93.3
106.8
121.5
130.0
124.0
109.0

-0.1
-0.3
0.0
-0.3
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
-1.6
0.2
0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.1

1

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2019 Apr.
2019p

140.4
120.9
135.5
126.6
116.8
116.0
118.8
146.2
129.4
126.1
122.6
147.5
135.0
131.0
141.4
154.5
163.8
154.4
143.2

146.3
125.1
145.8
131.7
119.9
119.3
120.8
152.9
133.9
132.3
126.0
152.3
140.0
137.4
147.6
162.5
171.0
163.1
148.3

147.2
126.1
146.7
134.0
120.0
119.7
121.1
153.4
134.8
133.4
126.0
153.4
142.0
138.1
147.8
163.6
172.1
164.5
148.6

147.3
126.0
148.4
134.2
120.1
119.5
121.1
154.0
134.6
132.9
126.6
153.9
138.2
138.3
148.9
164.4
172.2
164.6
148.8

0.1
-0.1
1.2
0.1
0.1
-0.2
0.0
0.4
-0.1
-0.4
0.5
0.3
-2.7
0.1
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

73,646
60,757
4,534
91
923
3,520
1,860
1,660
56,223
11,080
1,728.8
7,892.3
1,329.2
129.4
1,115
4,830
9,440
18,142
8,532
3,084
12,889

74,994
62,009
4,676
96
960
3,620
1,919
1,701
57,333
11,161
1,778.3
7,862.0
1,388.8
131.8
1,116
4,878
9,680
18,530
8,821
3,147
12,985

75,133
62,131
4,689
97
963
3,629
1,925
1,704
57,442
11,148
1,778.6
7,846.0
1,390.7
132.6
1,119
4,887
9,702
18,583
8,846
3,157
13,002

75,298
62,278
4,701
97
964
3,640
1,931
1,709
57,577
11,160
1,787.5
7,834.7
1,405.7
132.0
1,120
4,887
9,734
18,638
8,873
3,165
13,020

49.6
48.2
22.0
12.6
12.8
27.9
23.5
35.1
53.3
40.2
29.7
49.8
24.7
23.2
39.4
56.6
45.2
77.1
52.5
52.9
57.5

49.8
48.4
22.2
12.7
12.9
28.2
23.8
35.6
53.5
40.1
30.0
49.7
25.1
23.8
39.7
56.5
45.4
77.2
53.0
53.4
57.7

49.8
48.4
22.3
12.8
12.9
28.3
23.9
35.7
53.5
40.1
30.0
49.7
25.1
23.9
39.8
56.6
45.5
77.2
53.0
53.4
57.7

49.8
48.4
22.3
12.9
12.9
28.4
24.0
35.7
53.6
40.1
30.1
49.6
25.3
23.9
39.8
56.5
45.5
77.2
53.1
53.4
57.7

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

103,853
14,796
536
5,396
8,864
5,433
3,431
89,057
23,334
4,671.2
13,543.4
4,673.2
446.4
2,276
6,619
17,007
20,682
14,316
4,823

105,559
15,106
562
5,537
9,007
5,565
3,442
90,453
23,539
4,764.2
13,505.1
4,828.1
441.6
2,264
6,684
17,401
21,066
14,620
4,879

105,703
15,106
563
5,545
8,998
5,554
3,444
90,597
23,530
4,761.8
13,493.8
4,832.0
442.3
2,263
6,692
17,431
21,131
14,655
4,895

105,877
15,122
559
5,569
8,994
5,554
3,440
90,755
23,507
4,771.6
13,454.8
4,839.0
441.3
2,260
6,700
17,517
21,177
14,687
4,907

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.8
41.7
47.0
40.0
42.4
42.7
41.8
32.5
33.9
38.9
30.3
38.4
43.0
35.9
37.0
35.3
32.3
24.9
30.8

33.6
40.9
46.8
39.0
41.8
42.0
41.3
32.4
33.8
38.7
30.4
37.9
42.3
35.5
37.0
35.4
32.2
24.8
30.8

33.7
41.3
47.1
39.9
41.7
42.0
41.3
32.5
33.9
38.7
30.5
37.9
42.5
35.6
37.0
35.4
32.3
24.9
30.9

33.7
41.1
47.3
39.6
41.7
41.9
41.2
32.4
33.9
38.7
30.5
37.9
42.4
35.6
37.0
35.4
32.3
24.7
30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.7
4.9
4.5

4.4
4.4
4.4

4.4
4.4
4.4

4.3
4.3
4.4

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$22.55
23.84
27.88
27.52
21.46
22.44
19.88
22.28
19.75
24.84
15.83
21.76
36.46
31.41
26.87
26.61
23.48
13.75
20.67

$23.17
24.41
29.11
28.19
21.92
22.86
20.37
22.91
20.33
25.78
16.27
22.27
36.94
33.15
27.47
27.26
24.10
14.28
21.22

$23.24
24.52
29.43
28.30
21.94
22.90
20.37
22.97
20.49
26.10
16.40
22.35
36.75
33.26
27.37
27.38
24.11
14.34
21.04

$23.31
24.60
29.98
28.41
21.97
22.91
20.42
23.04
20.54
26.01
16.51
22.40
36.70
33.30
27.50
27.45
24.16
14.36
21.12

$762.19
994.13
1,310.36
1,100.80
909.90
958.19
830.98
724.10
669.53
966.28
479.65
835.58
1,567.78
1,127.62
994.19
939.33
758.40
342.38
636.64

$778.51
998.37
1,362.35
1,099.41
916.26
960.12
841.28
742.28
687.15
997.69
494.61
844.03
1,562.56
1,176.83
1,016.39
965.00
776.02
354.14
653.58

$783.19
1,012.68
1,386.15
1,129.17
914.90
961.80
841.28
746.53
694.61
1,010.07
500.20
847.07
1,561.88
1,184.06
1,012.69
969.25
778.75
357.07
650.14

$785.55
1,011.06
1,418.05
1,125.04
916.15
959.93
841.30
746.50
696.31
1,006.59
503.56
848.96
1,556.08
1,185.48
1,017.50
971.73
780.37
354.69
650.50

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2019 Apr.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117.0
94.3
133.9
108.1
86.3
87.2
84.5
123.3
110.5
107.8
103.8
135.0
98.2
93.3
115.3
134.2
142.4
130.6
104.2

118.2
94.4
139.8
108.1
86.4
87.8
83.8
124.8
111.1
109.4
103.9
137.6
95.5
91.7
116.4
137.7
144.6
132.8
105.4

118.7
95.3
140.9
110.8
86.1
87.6
83.8
125.4
111.4
109.4
104.2
137.7
96.1
92.0
116.6
138.0
145.5
133.7
106.1

118.9
95.0
140.5
110.4
86.1
87.4
83.5
125.2
111.3
109.6
103.8
137.9
95.7
91.8
116.7
138.6
145.8
132.9
106.0

0.2
-0.3
-0.3
-0.4
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.2
-0.1
0.2
-0.4
0.1
-0.4
-0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
-0.6
-0.1

1

Apr.
2018

Feb.
2019

Mar.
2019p

Apr.
2019p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2019 Apr.
2019p

176.2
137.6
217.1
160.6
121.1
122.1
118.7
188.3
155.8
158.1
140.9
186.3
149.4
145.0
190.6
212.4
220.7
203.9
156.9

183.0
141.1
236.6
164.6
123.9
125.3
120.6
196.1
161.3
166.5
144.8
194.4
147.3
150.5
196.8
223.3
230.1
215.4
162.9

184.3
143.1
241.2
169.3
123.6
125.3
120.6
197.5
162.9
168.5
146.4
195.2
147.5
151.4
196.3
224.6
231.6
217.7
162.6

185.2
143.1
245.0
169.4
123.7
125.0
120.5
197.9
163.2
168.2
146.9
196.0
146.6
151.4
197.4
226.3
232.6
216.7
163.1

0.5
0.0
1.6
0.1
0.1
-0.2
-0.1
0.2
0.2
-0.2
0.3
0.4
-0.6
0.0
0.6
0.8
0.4
-0.5
0.3

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.