Attachment C - Displaced Worker 2020 News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, August 27, 2020

USDL-20-1620

Technical information: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

WORKER DISPLACEMENT: 2017-19
From January 2017 through December 2019, there were 2.7 million workers displaced from jobs
they had held for at least 3 years, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was
down from 3.0 million workers for the prior survey period covering January 2015 to December
2017. In January 2020, 70 percent of workers displaced from 2017 to 2019 were reemployed, up
from 66 percent in January 2018.
The U.S. Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office sponsored the January 2020 survey to
collect information on workers who were displaced from their jobs. Since 1984, these surveys
have been conducted biennially in January as supplements to the Current Population Survey
(CPS), a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of information on the nation's
labor force.
Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and over who lost or left jobs because
their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their
position or shift was abolished. The period covered in this study was January 2017 to December
2019, the 3 calendar years prior to the January 2020 survey date. This period was characterized
by employment growth and declining unemployment. The following analysis focuses primarily
on the 2.7 million people who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of
displacement (referred to as long-tenured workers). An additional 3.7 million persons were
displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured workers).
Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 6.3
million from 2017 to 2019. This is down from 6.8 million for the 2015-17 survey period.
Highlights from the January 2020 survey:
•

In January 2020, 70 percent of the 2.7 million long-tenured displaced workers were
reemployed, up from 66 percent in January 2018. (See table 1.)

•

Forty-one percent of long-tenured displaced workers from the 2017-19 period cited that they
lost their job because their plant or company closed down or moved; an additional 36 percent
said that their position or shift was abolished, and 23 percent cited insufficient work. (See
table 2.)

•

Seventeen percent of long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in manufacturing, and another
15 percent lost a job in professional and business services. (See table 4.)

•

Among long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary jobs and
were reemployed in such jobs in January 2020, 65 percent had earnings that were as much or
greater than those of their lost job, up from 51 percent for the prior survey. (See table 7.)

Characteristics of the Displaced
Seventy percent of the 2.7 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed at the time
of the survey in January 2020, up from 66 percent for the January 2018 survey. The proportion
unemployed at the time of the most recent survey was 12 percent, little different from January
2018. Eighteen percent of long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force in January
2020, also little changed from the previous survey. (See table 1.)
In January 2020, the reemployment rate was 75 percent for workers ages 25 to 54, little changed
from the prior survey. Reemployment rates continued to be lower for older workers; the rates for
those ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over were 67 percent and 44 percent, respectively. Among
those age 65 and over, 49 percent were no longer in the labor force when surveyed.
Among long-tenured displaced workers, men and women had similar reemployment rates in
January 2020 (72 percent and 68 percent, respectively). The reemployment rate for men
increased from the prior survey, while the rate for women changed little. Long-tenured displaced
men and women were about equally likely to be unemployed at the time of the survey (12
percent and 13 percent, respectively). The share of both male and female displaced workers who
had left the labor force (16 percent and 20 percent, respectively) changed little from the prior
survey.
In January 2020, the reemployment rate for long-tenured displaced White workers rose to 71
percent. The rates for Asians (74 percent), Hispanics (68 percent), and Blacks (62 percent)
changed little from the prior survey. Long-tenured displaced Blacks were more likely than
Whites and Hispanics to be unemployed in January 2020.
Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice
Of the 2.7 million long-tenured workers displaced during January 2017 through December 2019,
41 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company closings or moves. The proportion of
displaced workers citing that their position or shift was abolished was 36 percent, and the
proportion citing insufficient work was 23 percent. (See table 2.)
Forty-seven percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the January 2020 survey received
written advance notice that their jobs would be terminated, up from 43 percent for the January
2018 survey. Workers who lost jobs during the 2017-19 period due to plant or company closings
or moves continued to be the most likely to receive written advance notice. Of this group, 60
percent received such notice. In contrast, 44 percent of workers who were displaced because
their position or shift was abolished and 29 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient
-2-

work were notified in advance. For each of these groups, reemployment rates were not
statistically different for those who received written advanced notice and those who did not. (See
table 3.)
Industry and Occupation
During the 2017-19 survey reference period, 461,000 long-tenured manufacturing workers were
displaced from their jobs—17 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. These
displacements occurred mostly in durable goods manufacturing (279,000). Workers in
professional and business services accounted for 15 percent of all long-tenured displacements,
and retail trade accounted for another 13 percent of all displacements. (See table 4.)
In January 2020, the reemployment rates were not statistically different from January 2018 for
most major industry groups. However, the reemployment rates for workers displaced from retail
trade (78 percent) and the information industry (80 percent) increased from the prior survey. The
rate declined for workers displaced from the health care and social assistance industry (67
percent). (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from which they were
displaced.)
By major occupational group, the reemployment rate increased to 71 percent for sales and office
occupations in January 2020. Reemployment rates for other major occupational groups changed
little from the prior survey. The January 2020 rates were 74 percent for those displaced from
management, professional, and related occupations; 70 percent for service occupations; 66
percent for production, transportation, and material moving occupations; and 59 percent for
natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. (See table 5.)
Geographic Divisions
Compared with the 2015-17 period, the number of long-tenured workers displaced during the
2017-19 period declined for the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, but changed
little for the other geographic divisions of the United States. In January 2020, the reemployment
rates increased to 82 percent for the Mountain division and 74 percent for East North Central
division. The rate fell to 52 percent for the East South Central division. (See table 6.)
Earnings
Of the 1.7 million long-tenured displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs during
the 2017-19 period and were reemployed in January 2020, 1.3 million had full-time wage and
salary jobs in January 2020. Of the reemployed full-time workers who reported earnings on their
lost job, the proportion that were earning as much or more than they did at their lost job was 65
percent in January 2020, up from 51 percent for the January 2018 survey. (See table 7.)
Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)
The total number of workers displaced between January 2017 and December 2019 (regardless of
how long they had held their jobs) was 6.3 million, down by 491,000 from the 2015-17 survey
-3-

period. Of the total number of workers who lost jobs over the 2017-19 period, 71 percent were
reemployed in January 2020, up from the January 2018 survey, and 15 percent were
unemployed, little different from the prior survey. (See table 8.)

-4-

Technical Note
The data presented in this release were collected
through a supplement to the January 2020 Current
Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about
60,000 eligible households that provides basic data on
employment and unemployment for the nation. The CPS is
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was
to obtain information on the number and characteristics of
persons who had been displaced (as defined below) from
their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years. The collection of
these data is sponsored by the Department of Labor’s Chief
Evaluation Office. Additional information, reports, and
archived
news
releases
are
available
at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced.
Data presented in this release are based on Census 2010
population controls that are updated annually in January.
Additional information, reports, and archived news release
are
available
at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for
them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data are
often presented for long-tenured displaced workers—those
who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the
time of displacement.
Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries,
commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group
includes employees in both the private and public sectors but
excludes all self-employed persons, both those with
incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses.
Data discussed in this release on displaced workers
were obtained from the following questions:
(This question was asked of all persons 20 years and
over.) During the last 3 calendar years, that is, January 2017
through December 2019, did (you/name) lose a job or leave
one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or
moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished,
insufficient work, or another similar reason?
(If the respondent answered "yes" to the above question
on job loss, the following question was then asked.) Which
of these specific reasons describes why (name/you) (is/are)
no longer working at that job?

Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling
and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire
population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the true population values they
represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling
error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of
the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of
confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to
obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability
or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing
of the data.
Information about the reliability of data from the CPS
and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Concepts and questions
Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20
years of age and over who lost or left jobs because their plant

Plant or company closed down or moved
Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
Insufficient work
Position or shift abolished
Seasonal job completed
Self-operated business failed
Some other reason
Respondents who provided one of the first three
reasons—plant or company closed or moved, insufficient
work, or position or shift abolished—were classified as
displaced and asked additional questions about the lost job,
including how many years they had worked for their
employer; the year the job was lost; the earnings, industry,
and occupation of the lost job; and whether health insurance
had been provided. Other questions were asked to determine
what occurred before and after the job loss, such as: Was the
respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal? How long
did he/she go without work? Did he/she receive
unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits used
up? Did the person move to another location after the job loss
to take or look for another job? Information also was
collected about current health insurance coverage (other than
Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those
employed at the time of the survey.

Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers¹ by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status
in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status

Characteristic

Total
Total

Employed

Unemployed

Not in labor
force

Total
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women
Asian
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women

2,672
63
1,676
702
232

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

70.1
75.1
66.5
44.1

12.4
13.9
10.7
7.4

17.5
11.0
22.8
48.5

1,466
20
947
382
117

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

71.9
74.5
71.7
52.6

12.3
14.6
8.3
9.3

15.7
10.9
20.0
38.2

1,206
42
729
321
115

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

67.8
75.9
60.3
35.4

12.5
12.9
13.4
5.6

19.7
11.2
26.3
59.1

2,162
1,211
951

100.0
100.0
100.0

70.9
73.5
67.7

10.5
11.0
9.7

18.6
15.5
22.6

335
152
183

100.0
100.0
100.0

61.8
58.5
64.6

22.2
21.8
22.6

16.0
19.7
12.9

110
62
48

100.0
100.0
100.0

73.5
-

25.6
-

0.9
-

461
262
199

100.0
100.0
100.0

67.6
72.6
61.2

8.5
7.0
10.5

23.9
20.5
28.3

¹Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019
because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data
that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers¹ by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss,
January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by reason for job loss

Characteristic

Total

Plant or company
closed down or Insufficient work
moved

Total

Total
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women
Asian
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women

Position or shift
abolished

2,672
63
1,676
702
232

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.6
42.6
33.2
43.8

23.2
23.2
24.7
19.5

36.2
34.2
42.1
36.7

1,466
20
947
382
117

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.2
40.0
36.6
48.8

25.7
27.5
22.1
21.2

34.2
32.5
41.3
30.0

1,206
42
729
321
115

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.0
46.0
29.1
38.7

20.3
17.7
27.7
17.7

38.7
36.3
43.1
43.6

2,162
1,211
951

100.0
100.0
100.0

40.7
40.8
40.6

23.0
25.1
20.3

36.3
34.1
39.1

335
152
183

100.0
100.0
100.0

47.3
46.1
48.3

21.4
26.0
17.6

31.3
27.9
34.1

110
62
48

100.0
100.0
100.0

13.8
-

24.4
-

61.8
-

461
262
199

100.0
100.0
100.0

50.6
50.2
51.0

27.5
29.6
24.7

22.0
20.2
24.3

¹Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019
because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data
that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers¹ by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss,
and employment status in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status

Characteristic

Total
Total

Total
Total, 20 years and over²
Received written advance notice
Did not receive written advance notice
Plant or company closed down or moved
Total, 20 years and over²
Received written advance notice
Did not receive written advance notice
Insufficient work
Total, 20 years and over²
Received written advance notice
Did not receive written advance notice
Position or shift abolished
Total, 20 years and over²
Received written advance notice
Did not receive written advance notice

Employed

Unemployed

Not in labor
force

2,672
1,254
1,377

100.0
100.0
100.0

70.1
67.8
72.9

12.4
13.1
11.8

17.5
19.1
15.3

1,084
646
415

100.0
100.0
100.0

69.9
69.4
73.1

11.7
13.5
8.3

18.4
17.1
18.5

621
183
431

100.0
100.0
100.0

73.7
68.1
76.4

8.4
5.0
10.0

17.9
26.9
13.7

967
425
532

100.0
100.0
100.0

67.9
65.4
69.9

15.7
15.9
16.0

16.4
18.7
14.2

¹Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019
because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
²Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers¹ by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in
January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status

Industry and class of worker of lost job

Total
Total

Total, 20 years and over²
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods manufacturing
Primary metals and fabricated metal products
Machinery manufacturing
Computers and electronic products
Electrical equipment and appliances
Transportation equipment
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Food manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather
Paper and printing
Other nondurable goods industries
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and utilities³
Transportation and warehousing
Information³
Telecommunications
Financial activities
Finance and insurance
Finance
Insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional and business services
Professional and technical services
Management, administrative, and waste services
Education and health services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance³
Hospitals
Health services, except hospitals
Leisure and hospitality³
Accommodation and food services³
Food services and drinking places
Other services
Government wage and salary workers

2,672
26
2,621
2,481
31
189
461
279
57
49
55
19
25
27
47
182
48
30
41
64
435
96
340
85
78
126
48
256
221
116
105
35
393
232
161
278
60
218
53
118
140
117
94
86
140

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

Employed

70.1
70.4
70.3
63.6
64.4
62.1
68.0
76.5
70.1
78.3
72.5
74.5
80.2
67.0
70.3
75.3
64.8
71.4
72.9
69.1
68.2
67.0
75.0
78.3
74.2
71.8
72.6
71.9

Unemployed

12.4
12.2
12.4
20.0
13.1
15.3
9.7
7.0
4.5
7.7
14.1
10.8
2.9
18.2
14.2
15.4
12.8
13.2
16.5
8.4
13.9
12.1
6.3
5.2
6.2
7.7
21.9
8.1

Not in labor
force
17.5
17.4
17.3
16.5
22.4
22.6
22.3
16.5
25.4
14.0
13.4
14.7
16.9
14.8
15.5
9.3
22.4
15.5
10.6
22.4
17.8
20.9
18.7
16.5
19.6
20.5
5.5
20.0

¹Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019
because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
²Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown
separately.
³Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers¹ by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status

Occupation of lost job

Total
Total

Total, 20 years and over²
Management, professional, and related occupations
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
Professional and related occupations
Service occupations
Sales and office occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations

2,672
1,195
715
481
252
603
283
321
237
8
124
106
364
201
163

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

Employed

70.1
73.5
71.7
76.1
69.6
71.1
76.9
66.1
59.1
57.2
65.7
66.3
64.5
68.4

Unemployed

12.4
13.7
16.2
10.0
8.9
9.8
10.3
9.4
14.9
14.1
10.1
10.6
13.8
6.6

Not in labor
force
17.5
12.8
12.1
14.0
21.5
19.0
12.8
24.5
26.0
28.8
24.2
23.2
21.7
25.0

¹Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019
because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
²Total includes a small number who did not report occupation or class of worker of lost job.
NOTE: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into
the Current Population Survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No
historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates no data or data that do not
meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers¹ by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2020
(In thousands)

Characteristic

Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over
Men
Women
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or moved
Insufficient work
Position or shift abolished
Industry and class of worker of lost job
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary
workers
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services
Government wage and salary workers
Employment status in January 2020
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force

Total

New
England

Middle
Atlantic

East
North
Central

West
North
Central

South
Atlantic

East
South
Central

West
South
Central

Mountain

Pacific

2,672
1,466
1,206

147
78
69

326
189
137

408
215
193

177
109
68

445
236
210

108
59
49

404
199
206

215
127
88

442
255
187

1,084
621
967

48
45
54

114
82
130

184
84
140

66
41
70

185
112
148

52
28
27

152
91
162

85
45
84

198
93
151

26

-

-

10

-

-

-

-

3

13

2,621
2,481
31
189
461
279
182
435
85
126
256
393
278
140
86
140

143
134
12
24
21
3
18
4
9
9
25
22
6
5
8

326
316
25
54
29
25
51
11
19
40
52
36
19
10
10

398
376
13
92
59
32
65
23
21
55
34
46
9
18
21

172
161
4
44
20
23
24
5
13
15
29
14
9
3
11

440
409
53
70
45
25
79
4
6
30
74
51
34
9
31

108
103
1
15
18
12
6
17
2
12
14
16
4
5
4

395
379
25
15
41
21
19
87
19
22
56
58
30
15
12
16

211
201
1
27
25
21
4
34
6
3
4
38
38
17
7
10

429
401
4
27
94
51
43
60
12
20
33
67
36
27
21
28

1,872
331
469

103
19
25

206
41
79

300
47
61

137
17
23

301
68
77

56
13
38

292
35
77

176
15
24

301
75
65

¹Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company
closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
²Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.
NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and
Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee
compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific
Division. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers¹ who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2020 by industry
of lost job and characteristics of new job
(In thousands)
Reemployed in January 2020
Wage and salary workers
Full time

Selfemployed
and unpaid
family
workers

Industry and class of worker of lost job
Earnings relative to those of lost job

Total
Part time
Total²

Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary
workers
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services
Government wage and salary workers

20 percent
or more
below

Below, but
within 20
percent

Equal or
above, but
within 20
percent

20 percent
or more
above

1,672

186

1,335

172

181

383

269

11

4

7

-

-

5

1

151
-

1,645
1,569
18
116
285
169
116
286
62
100
172
260
144
67
59
77

181
168
9
18
10
8
46
0
11
12
30
15
27
13

1,314
1,250
14
84
244
141
103
237
53
77
150
214
109
43
27
64

172
156
2
15
28
23
5
51
9
17
15
2
16
1
1
16

180
175
6
14
26
17
9
14
13
16
20
38
16
12
1
5

373
362
0
15
86
48
38
61
19
21
51
63
32
4
10
11

267
244
5
10
47
24
23
38
7
6
22
68
17
12
12
23

150
150
4
24
23
18
5
3
9
22
11
34
6
9
5
-

¹Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company
closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
²Includes persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
³Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Total displaced workers¹ by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status

Characteristic

Total
Total

Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or moved
Insufficient work
Position or shift abolished
Occupation of lost job
Management, professional, and related occupations
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
Professional and related occupations
Service occupations
Sales and office occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations
See footnotes at end of table.

Employed

Unemployed

Not in labor
force

6,334
670
4,177
1,142
344
3,412
328
2,276
622
186
2,922
341
1,902
520
158
4,813
954
304
1,235

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

70.9
75.1
74.4
64.8
40.1
71.4
69.6
75.0
67.6
43.0
70.3
80.3
73.8
61.4
36.6
72.0
62.7
71.6
70.7

15.0
11.8
16.2
13.3
13.0
15.8
15.6
16.3
13.5
17.7
14.1
8.2
16.0
13.0
7.4
12.6
25.9
22.4
14.3

14.1
13.1
9.4
21.9
47.0
12.8
14.8
8.7
18.9
39.3
15.6
11.5
10.2
25.5
55.9
15.3
11.4
6.0
15.0

2,275
2,260
1,798

100.0
100.0
100.0

70.5
71.3
70.8

13.4
16.1
15.7

16.1
12.5
13.5

2,266
1,252
1,014
890
1,414
698
716
620
14
420
186
948
508
441

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

74.2
72.4
76.4
73.9
71.2
69.7
72.8
68.2
72.6
63.2
63.5
59.8
67.8

14.9
18.2
10.8
14.5
11.9
15.1
8.8
14.4
13.3
14.3
18.9
19.1
18.7

10.9
9.4
12.8
11.7
16.8
15.2
18.4
17.4
14.1
22.5
17.6
21.1
13.6

Table 8. Total displaced workers¹ by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2020 -Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Percent distribution by employment status

Characteristic

Total
Total

Industry and class of worker of lost job
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services
Government wage and salary workers

36
6,094
5,842
54
544
908
576
332
1,045
194
202
402
975
632
598
268
252

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

Employed

71.3
70.9
68.3
63.6
62.0
66.3
70.5
78.3
80.1
65.6
71.2
76.5
76.7
70.3
79.8

Unemployed

14.8
15.2
19.2
18.2
21.0
13.3
12.5
14.5
7.9
19.1
17.7
10.7
12.1
20.4
4.5

Not in labor
force

13.9
13.9
12.5
18.2
17.0
20.3
17.0
7.2
12.0
15.3
11.2
12.8
11.2
9.4
15.7

¹Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019
because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
²Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation, industry or class of worker of lost
job, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Effective with January 2020 data,
occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey. This
classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data
for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).