Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

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ELECTRONIC CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
e-CFR data is current as of April 14, 2021
Title 29 → Subtitle B → Chapter XVII → Part 1910 → §1910.1030
Title 29: Labor
PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS (CONTINUED)
§1910.1030 Bloodborne pathogens.
(a) Scope and Application. This section applies to all occupational exposure to blood or
other potentially infectious materials as defined by paragraph (b) of this section.
(b) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following shall apply:
Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and
Health, or designated representative.
Blood means human blood, human blood components, and products made from human
blood.
Bloodborne Pathogens means pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human
blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to,
hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Clinical Laboratory means a workplace where diagnostic or other screening procedures
are performed on blood or other potentially infectious materials.
Contaminated means the presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or
other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.
Contaminated Laundry means laundry which has been soiled with blood or other
potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps.
Contaminated Sharps means any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin
including, but not limited to, needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes, and
exposed ends of dental wires.
Decontamination means the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or
destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer
capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for
handling, use, or disposal.

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Director means the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designated representative.
Engineering controls means controls (e.g., sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing
needles, safer medical devices, such as sharps with engineered sharps injury protections
and needleless systems) that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the
workplace.
Exposure Incident means a specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact
skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from
the performance of an employee's duties.
Handwashing facilities means a facility providing an adequate supply of running potable
water, soap, and single-use towels or air-drying machines.
Licensed Healthcare Professional is a person whose legally permitted scope of practice
allows him or her to independently perform the activities required by paragraph (f) Hepatitis B
Vaccination and Post-exposure Evaluation and Follow-up.
HBV means hepatitis B virus.
HIV means human immunodeficiency virus.
Needleless systems means a device that does not use needles for:
(1) The collection of bodily fluids or withdrawal of body fluids after initial venous or
arterial access is established;
(2) The administration of medication or fluids; or
(3) Any other procedure involving the potential for occupational exposure to bloodborne
pathogens due to percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps.
Occupational Exposure means reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or
parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the
performance of an employee's duties.
Other Potentially Infectious Materials means
(1) The following human body fluids: semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid,
synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental
procedures, any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood, and all body fluids in
situations where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids;
(2) Any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact skin) from a human (living or dead);
and
(3) HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures, organ cultures, and HIV- or HBV-containing
culture medium or other solutions; and blood, organs, or other tissues from experimental
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animals infected with HIV or HBV.
Parenteral means piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events
as needlesticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions.
Personal Protective Equipment is specialized clothing or equipment worn by an
employee for protection against a hazard. General work clothes (e.g., uniforms, pants, shirts
or blouses) not intended to function as protection against a hazard are not considered to be
personal protective equipment.
Production Facility means a facility engaged in industrial-scale, large-volume or high
concentration production of HIV or HBV.
Regulated Waste means liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious
materials; contaminated items that would release blood or other potentially infectious
materials in a liquid or semi-liquid state if compressed; items that are caked with dried blood
or other potentially infectious materials and are capable of releasing these materials during
handling; contaminated sharps; and pathological and microbiological wastes containing blood
or other potentially infectious materials.
Research Laboratory means a laboratory producing or using research-laboratory-scale
amounts of HIV or HBV. Research laboratories may produce high concentrations of HIV or
HBV but not in the volume found in production facilities.
Sharps with engineered sharps injury protections means a nonneedle sharp or a needle
device used for withdrawing body fluids, accessing a vein or artery, or administering
medications or other fluids, with a built-in safety feature or mechanism that effectively
reduces the risk of an exposure incident.
Source Individual means any individual, living or dead, whose blood or other potentially
infectious materials may be a source of occupational exposure to the employee. Examples
include, but are not limited to, hospital and clinic patients; clients in institutions for the
developmentally disabled; trauma victims; clients of drug and alcohol treatment facilities;
residents of hospices and nursing homes; human remains; and individuals who donate or sell
blood or blood components.
Sterilize means the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life
including highly resistant bacterial endospores.
Universal Precautions is an approach to infection control. According to the concept of
Universal Precautions, all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if
known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.
Work Practice Controls means controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering
the manner in which a task is performed (e.g., prohibiting recapping of needles by a twohanded technique).

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(c) Exposure control—(1) Exposure Control Plan. (i) Each employer having an
employee(s) with occupational exposure as defined by paragraph (b) of this section shall
establish a written Exposure Control Plan designed to eliminate or minimize employee
exposure.
(ii) The Exposure Control Plan shall contain at least the following elements:
(A) The exposure determination required by paragraph (c)(2),
(B) The schedule and method of implementation for paragraphs (d) Methods of
Compliance, (e) HIV and HBV Research Laboratories and Production Facilities, (f) Hepatitis
B Vaccination and Post-Exposure Evaluation and Follow-up, (g) Communication of Hazards
to Employees, and (h) Recordkeeping, of this standard, and
(C) The procedure for the evaluation of circumstances surrounding exposure incidents
as required by paragraph (f)(3)(i) of this standard.
(iii) Each employer shall ensure that a copy of the Exposure Control Plan is accessible to
employees in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20(e).
(iv) The Exposure Control Plan shall be reviewed and updated at least annually and
whenever necessary to reflect new or modified tasks and procedures which affect
occupational exposure and to reflect new or revised employee positions with occupational
exposure. The review and update of such plans shall also:
(A) Reflect changes in technology that eliminate or reduce exposure to bloodborne
pathogens; and
(B) Document annually consideration and implementation of appropriate commercially
available and effective safer medical devices designed to eliminate or minimize occupational
exposure.
(v) An employer, who is required to establish an Exposure Control Plan shall solicit input
from non-managerial employees responsible for direct patient care who are potentially
exposed to injuries from contaminated sharps in the identification, evaluation, and selection
of effective engineering and work practice controls and shall document the solicitation in the
Exposure Control Plan.
(vi) The Exposure Control Plan shall be made available to the Assistant Secretary and
the Director upon request for examination and copying.
(2) Exposure determination. (i) Each employer who has an employee(s) with
occupational exposure as defined by paragraph (b) of this section shall prepare an exposure
determination. This exposure determination shall contain the following:
(A) A list of all job classifications in which all employees in those job classifications have
occupational exposure;
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(B) A list of job classifications in which some employees have occupational exposure,
and
(C) A list of all tasks and procedures or groups of closely related task and procedures in
which occupational exposure occurs and that are performed by employees in job
classifications listed in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (c)(2)(i)(B) of this
standard.
(ii) This exposure determination shall be made without regard to the use of personal
protective equipment.
(d) Methods of compliance—(1) General. Universal precautions shall be observed to
prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Under circumstances in
which differentiation between body fluid types is difficult or impossible, all body fluids shall be
considered potentially infectious materials.
(2) Engineering and work practice controls. (i) Engineering and work practice controls
shall be used to eliminate or minimize employee exposure. Where occupational exposure
remains after institution of these controls, personal protective equipment shall also be used.
(ii) Engineering controls shall be examined and maintained or replaced on a regular
schedule to ensure their effectiveness.
(iii) Employers shall provide handwashing facilities which are readily accessible to
employees.
(iv) When provision of handwashing facilities is not feasible, the employer shall provide
either an appropriate antiseptic hand cleanser in conjunction with clean cloth/paper towels or
antiseptic towelettes. When antiseptic hand cleansers or towelettes are used, hands shall be
washed with soap and running water as soon as feasible.
(v) Employers shall ensure that employees wash their hands immediately or as soon as
feasible after removal of gloves or other personal protective equipment.
(vi) Employers shall ensure that employees wash hands and any other skin with soap
and water, or flush mucous membranes with water immediately or as soon as feasible
following contact of such body areas with blood or other potentially infectious materials.
(vii) Contaminated needles and other contaminated sharps shall not be bent, recapped,
or removed except as noted in paragraphs (d)(2)(vii)(A) and (d)(2)(vii)(B) below. Shearing or
breaking of contaminated needles is prohibited.
(A) Contaminated needles and other contaminated sharps shall not be bent, recapped or
removed unless the employer can demonstrate that no alternative is feasible or that such
action is required by a specific medical or dental procedure.
(B) Such bending, recapping or needle removal must be accomplished through the use
of a mechanical device or a one-handed technique.
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(viii) Immediately or as soon as possible after use, contaminated reusable sharps shall
be placed in appropriate containers until properly reprocessed. These containers shall be:
(A) Puncture resistant;
(B) Labeled or color-coded in accordance with this standard;
(C) Leakproof on the sides and bottom; and
(D) In accordance with the requirements set forth in paragraph (d)(4)(ii)(E) for reusable
sharps.
(ix) Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm, and handling contact
lenses are prohibited in work areas where there is a reasonable likelihood of occupational
exposure.
(x) Food and drink shall not be kept in refrigerators, freezers, shelves, cabinets or on
countertops or benchtops where blood or other potentially infectious materials are present.
(xi) All procedures involving blood or other potentially infectious materials shall be
performed in such a manner as to minimize splashing, spraying, spattering, and generation
of droplets of these substances.
(xii) Mouth pipetting/suctioning of blood or other potentially infectious materials is
prohibited.
(xiii) Specimens of blood or other potentially infectious materials shall be placed in a
container which prevents leakage during collection, handling, processing, storage, transport,
or shipping.
(A) The container for storage, transport, or shipping shall be labeled or color-coded
according to paragraph (g)(1)(i) and closed prior to being stored, transported, or shipped.
When a facility utilizes Universal Precautions in the handling of all specimens, the
labeling/color-coding of specimens is not necessary provided containers are recognizable as
containing specimens. This exemption only applies while such specimens/containers remain
within the facility. Labeling or color-coding in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) is required
when such specimens/containers leave the facility.
(B) If outside contamination of the primary container occurs, the primary container shall
be placed within a second container which prevents leakage during handling, processing,
storage, transport, or shipping and is labeled or color-coded according to the requirements of
this standard.
(C) If the specimen could puncture the primary container, the primary container shall be
placed within a secondary container which is puncture-resistant in addition to the above
characteristics.

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(xiv) Equipment which may become contaminated with blood or other potentially
infectious materials shall be examined prior to servicing or shipping and shall be
decontaminated as necessary, unless the employer can demonstrate that decontamination of
such equipment or portions of such equipment is not feasible.
(A) A readily observable label in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i)(H) shall be
attached to the equipment stating which portions remain contaminated.
(B) The employer shall ensure that this information is conveyed to all affected
employees, the servicing representative, and/or the manufacturer, as appropriate, prior to
handling, servicing, or shipping so that appropriate precautions will be taken.
(3) Personal protective equipment—(i) Provision. When there is occupational exposure,
the employer shall provide, at no cost to the employee, appropriate personal protective
equipment such as, but not limited to, gloves, gowns, laboratory coats, face shields or masks
and eye protection, and mouthpieces, resuscitation bags, pocket masks, or other ventilation
devices. Personal protective equipment will be considered “appropriate” only if it does not
permit blood or other potentially infectious materials to pass through to or reach the
employee's work clothes, street clothes, undergarments, skin, eyes, mouth, or other mucous
membranes under normal conditions of use and for the duration of time which the protective
equipment will be used.
(ii) Use. The employer shall ensure that the employee uses appropriate personal
protective equipment unless the employer shows that the employee temporarily and briefly
declined to use personal protective equipment when, under rare and extraordinary
circumstances, it was the employee's professional judgment that in the specific instance its
use would have prevented the delivery of health care or public safety services or would have
posed an increased hazard to the safety of the worker or co-worker. When the employee
makes this judgement, the circumstances shall be investigated and documented in order to
determine whether changes can be instituted to prevent such occurances in the future.
(iii) Accessibility. The employer shall ensure that appropriate personal protective
equipment in the appropriate sizes is readily accessible at the worksite or is issued to
employees. Hypoallergenic gloves, glove liners, powderless gloves, or other similar
alternatives shall be readily accessible to those employees who are allergic to the gloves
normally provided.
(iv) Cleaning, Laundering, and Disposal. The employer shall clean, launder, and dispose
of personal protective equipment required by paragraphs (d) and (e) of this standard, at no
cost to the employee.
(v) Repair and Replacement. The employer shall repair or replace personal protective
equipment as needed to maintain its effectiveness, at no cost to the employee.
(vi) If a garment(s) is penetrated by blood or other potentially infectious materials, the
garment(s) shall be removed immediately or as soon as feasible.
(vii) All personal protective equipment shall be removed prior to leaving the work area.
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(viii) When personal protective equipment is removed it shall be placed in an
appropriately designated area or container for storage, washing, decontamination or
disposal.
(ix) Gloves. Gloves shall be worn when it can be reasonably anticipated that the
employee may have hand contact with blood, other potentially infectious materials, mucous
membranes, and non-intact skin; when performing vascular access procedures except as
specified in paragraph (d)(3)(ix)(D); and when handling or touching contaminated items or
surfaces.
(A) Disposable (single use) gloves such as surgical or examination gloves, shall be
replaced as soon as practical when contaminated or as soon as feasible if they are torn,
punctured, or when their ability to function as a barrier is compromised.
(B) Disposable (single use) gloves shall not be washed or decontaminated for re-use.
(C) Utility gloves may be decontaminated for re-use if the integrity of the glove is not
compromised. However, they must be discarded if they are cracked, peeling, torn, punctured,
or exhibit other signs of deterioration or when their ability to function as a barrier is
compromised.
(D) If an employer in a volunteer blood donation center judges that routine gloving for all
phlebotomies is not necessary then the employer shall:
(1) Periodically reevaluate this policy;
(2) Make gloves available to all employees who wish to use them for phlebotomy;
(3) Not discourage the use of gloves for phlebotomy; and
(4) Require that gloves be used for phlebotomy in the following circumstances:
(i) When the employee has cuts, scratches, or other breaks in his or her skin;
(ii) When the employee judges that hand contamination with blood may occur, for
example, when performing phlebotomy on an uncooperative source individual; and
(iii) When the employee is receiving training in phlebotomy.
(x) Masks, Eye Protection, and Face Shields. Masks in combination with eye protection
devices, such as goggles or glasses with solid side shields, or chin-length face shields, shall
be worn whenever splashes, spray, spatter, or droplets of blood or other potentially infectious
materials may be generated and eye, nose, or mouth contamination can be reasonably
anticipated.
(xi) Gowns, Aprons, and Other Protective Body Clothing. Appropriate protective clothing
such as, but not limited to, gowns, aprons, lab coats, clinic jackets, or similar outer garments
shall be worn in occupational exposure situations. The type and characteristics will depend
upon the task and degree of exposure anticipated

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upon the task and degree of exposure anticipated.
(xii) Surgical caps or hoods and/or shoe covers or boots shall be worn in instances when
gross contamination can reasonably be anticipated (e.g., autopsies, orthopaedic surgery).
(4) Housekeeping—(i) General. Employers shall ensure that the worksite is maintained
in a clean and sanitary condition. The employer shall determine and implement an
appropriate written schedule for cleaning and method of decontamination based upon the
location within the facility, type of surface to be cleaned, type of soil present, and tasks or
procedures being performed in the area.
(ii) All equipment and environmental and working surfaces shall be cleaned and
decontaminated after contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials.
(A) Contaminated work surfaces shall be decontaminated with an appropriate
disinfectant after completion of procedures; immediately or as soon as feasible when
surfaces are overtly contaminated or after any spill of blood or other potentially infectious
materials; and at the end of the work shift if the surface may have become contaminated
since the last cleaning.
(B) Protective coverings, such as plastic wrap, aluminum foil, or imperviously-backed
absorbent paper used to cover equipment and environmental surfaces, shall be removed and
replaced as soon as feasible when they become overtly contaminated or at the end of the
workshift if they may have become contaminated during the shift.
(C) All bins, pails, cans, and similar receptacles intended for reuse which have a
reasonable likelihood for becoming contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious
materials shall be inspected and decontaminated on a regularly scheduled basis and cleaned
and decontaminated immediately or as soon as feasible upon visible contamination.
(D) Broken glassware which may be contaminated shall not be picked up directly with
the hands. It shall be cleaned up using mechanical means, such as a brush and dust pan,
tongs, or forceps.
(E) Reusable sharps that are contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious
materials shall not be stored or processed in a manner that requires employees to reach by
hand into the containers where these sharps have been placed.
(iii) Regulated Waste—(A) Contaminated Sharps Discarding and Containment. (1)
Contaminated sharps shall be discarded immediately or as soon as feasible in containers
that are:
(i) Closable;
(ii) Puncture resistant;
(iii) Leakproof on sides and bottom; and
(iv) Labeled or color-coded in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this standard.

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(2) During use, containers for contaminated sharps shall be:
(i) Easily accessible to personnel and located as close as is feasible to the immediate
area where sharps are used or can be reasonably anticipated to be found (e.g., laundries);
(ii) Maintained upright throughout use; and
(iii) Replaced routinely and not be allowed to overfill.
(3) When moving containers of contaminated sharps from the area of use, the containers
shall be:
(i) Closed immediately prior to removal or replacement to prevent spillage or protrusion
of contents during handling, storage, transport, or shipping;
(ii) Placed in a secondary container if leakage is possible. The second container shall
be:
(A) Closable;
(B) Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage during handling, storage,
transport, or shipping; and
(C) Labeled or color-coded according to paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this standard.
(4) Reusable containers shall not be opened, emptied, or cleaned manually or in any
other manner which would expose employees to the risk of percutaneous injury.
(B) Other Regulated Waste Containment—(1) Regulated waste shall be placed in
containers which are:
(i) Closable;
(ii) Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage of fluids during handling,
storage, transport or shipping;
(iii) Labeled or color-coded in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) this standard; and
(iv) Closed prior to removal to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling,
storage, transport, or shipping.
(2) If outside contamination of the regulated waste container occurs, it shall be placed in
a second container. The second container shall be:
(i) Closable;
(ii) Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage of fluids during handling,
storage, transport or shipping;
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(iii) Labeled or color-coded in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this standard; and
(iv) Closed prior to removal to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling,
storage, transport, or shipping.
(C) Disposal of all regulated waste shall be in accordance with applicable regulations of
the United States, States and Territories, and political subdivisions of States and Territories.
(iv) Laundry. (A) Contaminated laundry shall be handled as little as possible with a
minimum of agitation. (1) Contaminated laundry shall be bagged or containerized at the
location where it was used and shall not be sorted or rinsed in the location of use.
(2) Contaminated laundry shall be placed and transported in bags or containers labeled
or color-coded in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this standard. When a facility utilizes
Universal Precautions in the handling of all soiled laundry, alternative labeling or color-coding
is sufficient if it permits all employees to recognize the containers as requiring compliance
with Universal Precautions.
(3) Whenever contaminated laundry is wet and presents a reasonable likelihood of soakthrough of or leakage from the bag or container, the laundry shall be placed and transported
in bags or containers which prevent soak-through and/or leakage of fluids to the exterior.
(B) The employer shall ensure that employees who have contact with contaminated
laundry wear protective gloves and other appropriate personal protective equipment.
(C) When a facility ships contaminated laundry off-site to a second facility which does
not utilize Universal Precautions in the handling of all laundry, the facility generating the
contaminated laundry must place such laundry in bags or containers which are labeled or
color-coded in accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i).
(e) HIV and HBV Research Laboratories and Production Facilities. (1) This paragraph
applies to research laboratories and production facilities engaged in the culture, production,
concentration, experimentation, and manipulation of HIV and HBV. It does not apply to
clinical or diagnostic laboratories engaged solely in the analysis of blood, tissues, or organs.
These requirements apply in addition to the other requirements of the standard.
(2) Research laboratories and production facilities shall meet the following criteria:
(i) Standard microbiological practices. All regulated waste shall either be incinerated or
decontaminated by a method such as autoclaving known to effectively destroy bloodborne
pathogens.
(ii) Special practices. (A) Laboratory doors shall be kept closed when work involving HIV
or HBV is in progress.
(B) Contaminated materials that are to be decontaminated at a site away from the work
area shall be placed in a durable, leakproof, labeled or color-coded container that is closed
before being removed from the work area.
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(C) Access to the work area shall be limited to authorized persons. Written policies and
procedures shall be established whereby only persons who have been advised of the
potential biohazard, who meet any specific entry requirements, and who comply with all entry
and exit procedures shall be allowed to enter the work areas and animal rooms.
(D) When other potentially infectious materials or infected animals are present in the
work area or containment module, a hazard warning sign incorporating the universal
biohazard symbol shall be posted on all access doors. The hazard warning sign shall comply
with paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this standard.
(E) All activities involving other potentially infectious materials shall be conducted in
biological safety cabinets or other physical-containment devices within the containment
module. No work with these other potentially infectious materials shall be conducted on the
open bench.
(F) Laboratory coats, gowns, smocks, uniforms, or other appropriate protective clothing
shall be used in the work area and animal rooms. Protective clothing shall not be worn
outside of the work area and shall be decontaminated before being laundered.
(G) Special care shall be taken to avoid skin contact with other potentially infectious
materials. Gloves shall be worn when handling infected animals and when making hand
contact with other potentially infectious materials is unavoidable.
(H) Before disposal all waste from work areas and from animal rooms shall either be
incinerated or decontaminated by a method such as autoclaving known to effectively destroy
bloodborne pathogens.
(I) Vacuum lines shall be protected with liquid disinfectant traps and high-efficiency
particulate air (HEPA) filters or filters of equivalent or superior efficiency and which are
checked routinely and maintained or replaced as necessary.
(J) Hypodermic needles and syringes shall be used only for parenteral injection and
aspiration of fluids from laboratory animals and diaphragm bottles. Only needle-locking
syringes or disposable syringe-needle units (i.e., the needle is integral to the syringe) shall be
used for the injection or aspiration of other potentially infectious materials. Extreme caution
shall be used when handling needles and syringes. A needle shall not be bent, sheared,
replaced in the sheath or guard, or removed from the syringe following use. The needle and
syringe shall be promptly placed in a puncture-resistant container and autoclaved or
decontaminated before reuse or disposal.
(K) All spills shall be immediately contained and cleaned up by appropriate professional
staff or others properly trained and equipped to work with potentially concentrated infectious
materials.
(L) A spill or accident that results in an exposure incident shall be immediately reported
to the laboratory director or other responsible person.

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(M) A biosafety manual shall be prepared or adopted and periodically reviewed and
updated at least annually or more often if necessary. Personnel shall be advised of potential
hazards, shall be required to read instructions on practices and procedures, and shall be
required to follow them.
(iii) Containment equipment. (A) Certified biological safety cabinets (Class I, II, or III) or
other appropriate combinations of personal protection or physical containment devices, such
as special protective clothing, respirators, centrifuge safety cups, sealed centrifuge rotors,
and containment caging for animals, shall be used for all activities with other potentially
infectious materials that pose a threat of exposure to droplets, splashes, spills, or aerosols.
(B) Biological safety cabinets shall be certified when installed, whenever they are moved
and at least annually.
(3) HIV and HBV research laboratories shall meet the following criteria:
(i) Each laboratory shall contain a facility for hand washing and an eye wash facility
which is readily available within the work area.
(ii) An autoclave for decontamination of regulated waste shall be available.
(4) HIV and HBV production facilities shall meet the following criteria:
(i) The work areas shall be separated from areas that are open to unrestricted traffic flow
within the building. Passage through two sets of doors shall be the basic requirement for
entry into the work area from access corridors or other contiguous areas. Physical separation
of the high-containment work area from access corridors or other areas or activities may also
be provided by a double-doored clothes-change room (showers may be included), airlock, or
other access facility that requires passing through two sets of doors before entering the work
area.
(ii) The surfaces of doors, walls, floors and ceilings in the work area shall be water
resistant so that they can be easily cleaned. Penetrations in these surfaces shall be sealed or
capable of being sealed to facilitate decontamination.
(iii) Each work area shall contain a sink for washing hands and a readily available eye
wash facility. The sink shall be foot, elbow, or automatically operated and shall be located
near the exit door of the work area.
(iv) Access doors to the work area or containment module shall be self-closing.
(v) An autoclave for decontamination of regulated waste shall be available within or as
near as possible to the work area.
(vi) A ducted exhaust-air ventilation system shall be provided. This system shall create
directional airflow that draws air into the work area through the entry area. The exhaust air
shall not be recirculated to any other area of the building, shall be discharged to the outside,
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and shall be dispersed away from occupied areas and air intakes. The proper direction of the
airflow shall be verified (i.e., into the work area).
(5) Training Requirements. Additional training requirements for employees in HIV and
HBV research laboratories and HIV and HBV production facilities are specified in paragraph
(g)(2)(ix).
(f) Hepatitis B vaccination and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up—(1) General. (i)
The employer shall make available the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series to all
employees who have occupational exposure, and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up to
all employees who have had an exposure incident.
(ii) The employer shall ensure that all medical evaluations and procedures including the
hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up,
including prophylaxis, are:
(A) Made available at no cost to the employee;
(B) Made available to the employee at a reasonable time and place;
(C) Performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician or by or under the
supervision of another licensed healthcare professional; and
(D) Provided according to recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service current at
the time these evaluations and procedures take place, except as specified by this paragraph
(f).
(iii) The employer shall ensure that all laboratory tests are conducted by an accredited
laboratory at no cost to the employee.
(2) Hepatitis B Vaccination. (i) Hepatitis B vaccination shall be made available after the
employee has received the training required in paragraph (g)(2)(vii)(I) and within 10 working
days of initial assignment to all employees who have occupational exposure unless the
employee has previously received the complete hepatitis B vaccination series, antibody
testing has revealed that the employee is immune, or the vaccine is contraindicated for
medical reasons.
(ii) The employer shall not make participation in a prescreening program a prerequisite
for receiving hepatitis B vaccination.
(iii) If the employee initially declines hepatitis B vaccination but at a later date while still
covered under the standard decides to accept the vaccination, the employer shall make
available hepatitis B vaccination at that time.
(iv) The employer shall assure that employees who decline to accept hepatitis B
vaccination offered by the employer sign the statement in appendix A.

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(v) If a routine booster dose(s) of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended by the U.S. Public
Health Service at a future date, such booster dose(s) shall be made available in accordance
with section (f)(1)(ii).
(3) Post-exposure Evaluation and Follow-up. Following a report of an exposure incident,
the employer shall make immediately available to the exposed employee a confidential
medical evaluation and follow-up, including at least the following elements:
(i) Documentation of the route(s) of exposure, and the circumstances under which the
exposure incident occurred;
(ii) Identification and documentation of the source individual, unless the employer can
establish that identification is infeasible or prohibited by state or local law;
(A) The source individual's blood shall be tested as soon as feasible and after consent is
obtained in order to determine HBV and HIV infectivity. If consent is not obtained, the
employer shall establish that legally required consent cannot be obtained. When the source
individual's consent is not required by law, the source individual's blood, if available, shall be
tested and the results documented.
(B) When the source individual is already known to be infected with HBV or HIV, testing
for the source individual's known HBV or HIV status need not be repeated.
(C) Results of the source individual's testing shall be made available to the exposed
employee, and the employee shall be informed of applicable laws and regulations concerning
disclosure of the identity and infectious status of the source individual.
(iii) Collection and testing of blood for HBV and HIV serological status;
(A) The exposed employee's blood shall be collected as soon as feasible and tested
after consent is obtained.
(B) If the employee consents to baseline blood collection, but does not give consent at
that time for HIV serologic testing, the sample shall be preserved for at least 90 days. If,
within 90 days of the exposure incident, the employee elects to have the baseline sample
tested, such testing shall be done as soon as feasible.
(iv) Post-exposure prophylaxis, when medically indicated, as recommended by the U.S.
Public Health Service;
(v) Counseling; and
(vi) Evaluation of reported illnesses.
(4) Information Provided to the Healthcare Professional. (i) The employer shall ensure
that the healthcare professional responsible for the employee's Hepatitis B vaccination is
provided a copy of this regulation.
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(ii) The employer shall ensure that the healthcare professional evaluating an employee
after an exposure incident is provided the following information:
(A) A copy of this regulation;
(B) A description of the exposed employee's duties as they relate to the exposure
incident;
(C) Documentation of the route(s) of exposure and circumstances under which exposure
occurred;
(D) Results of the source individual's blood testing, if available; and
(E) All medical records relevant to the appropriate treatment of the employee including
vaccination status which are the employer's responsibility to maintain.
(5) Healthcare Professional's Written Opinion. The employer shall obtain and provide the
employee with a copy of the evaluating healthcare professional's written opinion within 15
days of the completion of the evaluation.
(i) The healthcare professional's written opinion for Hepatitis B vaccination shall be
limited to whether Hepatitis B vaccination is indicated for an employee, and if the employee
has received such vaccination.
(ii) The healthcare professional's written opinion for post-exposure evaluation and followup shall be limited to the following information:
(A) That the employee has been informed of the results of the evaluation; and
(B) That the employee has been told about any medical conditions resulting from
exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials which require further evaluation or
treatment. (iii) All other findings or diagnoses shall remain confidential and shall not be
included in the written report.
(6) Medical recordkeeping. Medical records required by this standard shall be
maintained in accordance with paragraph (h)(1) of this section.
(g) Communication of hazards to employees—(1) Labels and signs—(i) Labels. (A)
Warning labels shall be affixed to containers of regulated waste, refrigerators and freezers
containing blood or other potentially infectious material; and other containers used to store,
transport or ship blood or other potentially infectious materials, except as provided in
paragraph (g)(1)(i)(E), (F) and (G).
(B) Labels required by this section shall include the following legend:

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View or download PDF
(C) These labels shall be fluorescent orange or orange-red or predominantly so, with
lettering and symbols in a contrasting color.
(D) Labels shall be affixed as close as feasible to the container by string, wire, adhesive,
or other method that prevents their loss or unintentional removal.
(E) Red bags or red containers may be substituted for labels.
(F) Containers of blood, blood components, or blood products that are labeled as to their
contents and have been released for transfusion or other clinical use are exempted from the
labeling requirements of paragraph (g).
(G) Individual containers of blood or other potentially infectious materials that are placed
in a labeled container during storage, transport, shipment or disposal are exempted from the
labeling requirement.
(H) Labels required for contaminated equipment shall be in accordance with this
paragraph and shall also state which portions of the equipment remain contaminated.
(I) Regulated waste that has been decontaminated need not be labeled or color-coded.
(ii) Signs. (A) The employer shall post signs at the entrance to work areas specified in
paragraph (e), HIV and HBV Research Laboratory and Production Facilities, which shall bear
the following legend:

View or download PDF
(Name of the Infectious Agent)
(Special requirements for entering the area)
(Name, telephone number of the laboratory director or other responsible person.)

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(B) These signs shall be fluorescent orange-red or predominantly so, with lettering and
symbols in a contrasting color.
(2) Information and Training. (i) The employer shall train each employee with
occupational exposure in accordance with the requirements of this section. Such training
must be provided at no cost to the employee and during working hours. The employer shall
institute a training program and ensure employee participation in the program.
(ii) Training shall be provided as follows:
(A) At the time of initial assignment to tasks where occupational exposure may take
place;
(B) At least annually thereafter.
(iii) [Reserved]
(iv) Annual training for all employees shall be provided within one year of their previous
training.
(v) Employers shall provide additional training when changes such as modification of
tasks or procedures or institution of new tasks or procedures affect the employee's
occupational exposure. The additional training may be limited to addressing the new
exposures created.
(vi) Material appropriate in content and vocabulary to educational level, literacy, and
language of employees shall be used.
(vii) The training program shall contain at a minimum the following elements:
(A) An accessible copy of the regulatory text of this standard and an explanation of its
contents;
(B) A general explanation of the epidemiology and symptoms of bloodborne diseases;
(C) An explanation of the modes of transmission of bloodborne pathogens;
(D) An explanation of the employer's exposure control plan and the means by which the
employee can obtain a copy of the written plan;
(E) An explanation of the appropriate methods for recognizing tasks and other activities
that may involve exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials;
(F) An explanation of the use and limitations of methods that will prevent or reduce
exposure including appropriate engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective
equipment;
(G) Information on the types, proper use, location, removal, handling, decontamination
and disposal of personal protective equipment;
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(H) An explanation of the basis for selection of personal protective equipment;
(I) Information on the hepatitis B vaccine, including information on its efficacy, safety,
method of administration, the benefits of being vaccinated, and that the vaccine and
vaccination will be offered free of charge;
(J) Information on the appropriate actions to take and persons to contact in an
emergency involving blood or other potentially infectious materials;
(K) An explanation of the procedure to follow if an exposure incident occurs, including
the method of reporting the incident and the medical follow-up that will be made available;
(L) Information on the post-exposure evaluation and follow-up that the employer is
required to provide for the employee following an exposure incident;
(M) An explanation of the signs and labels and/or color coding required by paragraph (g)
(1); and
(N) An opportunity for interactive questions and answers with the person conducting the
training session.
(viii) The person conducting the training shall be knowledgeable in the subject matter
covered by the elements contained in the training program as it relates to the workplace that
the training will address.
(ix) Additional Initial Training for Employees in HIV and HBV Laboratories and
Production Facilities. Employees in HIV or HBV research laboratories and HIV or HBV
production facilities shall receive the following initial training in addition to the above training
requirements.
(A) The employer shall assure that employees demonstrate proficiency in standard
microbiological practices and techniques and in the practices and operations specific to the
facility before being allowed to work with HIV or HBV.
(B) The employer shall assure that employees have prior experience in the handling of
human pathogens or tissue cultures before working with HIV or HBV.
(C) The employer shall provide a training program to employees who have no prior
experience in handling human pathogens. Initial work activities shall not include the handling
of infectious agents. A progression of work activities shall be assigned as techniques are
learned and proficiency is developed. The employer shall assure that employees participate
in work activities involving infectious agents only after proficiency has been demonstrated.
(h) Recordkeeping—(1) Medical Records. (i) The employer shall establish and maintain
an accurate record for each employee with occupational exposure, in accordance with 29
CFR 1910.1020.
(ii) This record shall include:
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(A) The name of the employee;
(B) A copy of the employee's hepatitis B vaccination status including the dates of all the
hepatitis B vaccinations and any medical records relative to the employee's ability to receive
vaccination as required by paragraph (f)(2);
(C) A copy of all results of examinations, medical testing, and follow-up procedures as
required by paragraph (f)(3);
(D) The employer's copy of the healthcare professional's written opinion as required by
paragraph (f)(5); and
(E) A copy of the information provided to the healthcare professional as required by
paragraphs (f)(4)(ii)(B)(C) and (D).
(iii) Confidentiality. The employer shall ensure that employee medical records required
by paragraph (h)(1) are:
(A) Kept confidential; and
(B) Not disclosed or reported without the employee's express written consent to any
person within or outside the workplace except as required by this section or as may be
required by law.
(iv) The employer shall maintain the records required by paragraph (h) for at least the
duration of employment plus 30 years in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
(2) Training Records. (i) Training records shall include the following information:
(A) The dates of the training sessions;
(B) The contents or a summary of the training sessions;
(C) The names and qualifications of persons conducting the training; and
(D) The names and job titles of all persons attending the training sessions.
(ii) Training records shall be maintained for 3 years from the date on which the training
occurred.
(3) Availability. (i) The employer shall ensure that all records required to be maintained
by this section shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the
Director for examination and copying.
(ii) Employee training records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request
for examination and copying to employees, to employee representatives, to the Director, and
to the Assistant Secretary.

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(iii) Employee medical records required by this paragraph shall be provided upon
request for examination and copying to the subject employee, to anyone having written
consent of the subject employee, to the Director, and to the Assistant Secretary in
accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
(4) Transfer of Records. The employer shall comply with the requirements involving
transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h).
(5) Sharps injury log. (i) The employer shall establish and maintain a sharps injury log for
the recording of percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps. The information in the
sharps injury log shall be recorded and maintained in such manner as to protect the
confidentiality of the injured employee. The sharps injury log shall contain, at a minimum:
(A) The type and brand of device involved in the incident,
(B) The department or work area where the exposure incident occurred, and
(C) An explanation of how the incident occurred.
(ii) The requirement to establish and maintain a sharps injury log shall apply to any
employer who is required to maintain a log of occupational injuries and illnesses under 29
CFR part 1904.
(iii) The sharps injury log shall be maintained for the period required by 29 CFR 1904.33.
(i) Dates—(1) Effective Date. The standard shall become effective on March 6, 1992.
(2) The Exposure Control Plan required by paragraph (c) of this section shall be
completed on or before May 5, 1992.
(3) Paragraphs (g)(2) Information and Training and (h) Recordkeeping of this section
shall take effect on or before June 4, 1992.
(4) Paragraphs (d)(2) Engineering and Work Practice Controls, (d)(3) Personal
Protective Equipment, (d)(4) Housekeeping, (e) HIV and HBV Research Laboratories and
Production Facilities, (f) Hepatitis B Vaccination and Post-Exposure Evaluation and Followup, and (g)(1) Labels and Signs of this section, shall take effect July 6, 1992.
A

A

S

1910.1030—H

BV

D

(M

)

I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials I may
be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity to be vaccinated
with hepatitis B vaccine, at no charge to myself. However, I decline hepatitis B vaccination at this time. I
understand that by declining this vaccine, I continue to be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, a serious disease. If
in the future I continue to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials and I
want to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, I can receive the vaccination series at no charge to me.

[56 FR 64175, Dec. 6, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 12717, Apr. 13, 1992; 57 FR 29206, July 1, 1992;
61 FR 5508, Feb. 13, 1996; 66 FR 5325, Jan. 18, 2001; 71 FR 16672, 16673, Apr. 3, 2006; 73 FR
75586, Dec. 12, 2008; 76 FR 33608, June 8, 2011; 76 FR 80740, Dec. 27, 2011; 77 FR 19934, Apr.
3, 2012]
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]

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