Legal authority for survey

Title 13 U.S.C

§131. Collection and publication; five-year periods
The Secretary shall take, compile, and publish censuses of manufactures, of mineral industries,
and of other businesses, including the distributive trades, service establishments, and transportation
(exclusive of means of transportation for which statistics are required by law to be filed with, and are
compiled and published by, a designated regulatory body), in the year 1964, then in the year 1968, and
every fifth year thereafter, and each such census shall relate to the year immediately preceding the
taking thereof.

§182. Surveys
The Secretary may make surveys deemed necessary to furnish annual and other interim current
data on the subjects covered by the censuses provided for in this title.

§224. Failure to answer questions affection companies, businesses, religious bodies, and other
organizations; false answers
Whoever, being the owner, official, agent, person in charge, or assistant to the person in charge,
of any company, business, institution, establishment, religious body, or organization of any nature
whatsoever, neglects or refuses, when requested by the Secretary or other authorized officer or
employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof, to answer completely and
correctly to the best of his knowledge all questions relating to this company, business, institution,
establishment, religious body, or other organization, or to records or statistics in his official custody,
contained on any census or other schedule or questionnaire prepared and submitted to him under the
authority of this title, shall be fined not more than $500; and if he willfully gives a false answer to any
such question, he shall be fined not more than $10,000.

§225. Surveys
(a) In connection with any survey conducted by the Secretary or other authorized officer or
employee of the Department of Commerce or bu-reau or agency thereof pursuant to subchapter IV of
chapter 5 of this title, the provisions of sections 221, 222, 223 and 224 of this title shall apply—
(1) with respect to the answering of ques-tions and furnishing of information, only to such
inquiries as are within the scope of the schedules and questionnaires and of the type and
character heretofore used in connection with the taking of complete censuses under
subchapters I and II of chapter 5 of this title, or in connection with any censuses hereafter taken
pursuant to such subchapters;

(2) only after publication of a determination with reasons therefor certified by the Sec-retary, or
by some other authorized officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or
agency thereof with the approval of the Secretary, that the information called for is needed to
aid or permit the efficient per-formance of essential governmental functions or services, or has
significant application to the needs of the public, business, or industry and is not publicly
available from nongovern-mental or other governmental sources;
(3) in the case of any new survey, only after public notice, given by the Secretary or other
authorized officer or employee of the Depart-ment of Commerce or bureau or agency there-of
at least thirty days in advance of requesting a return, that such survey is under consider-ation.
(b) The provisions for imprisonment provided by section 222 of this title shall not apply in connection with any survey conducted pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 3 of this title, or to sub-chapter
IV of chapter 5 of this title.
(c) The provisions of sections 221, 222, 223, and 224 of this title shall not apply to any censuses
or surveys of governments provided for by sub-chapters III and IV of chapter 5 of this title, nor to other
surveys provided for by subchapter IV of such chapter which are taken more frequently than annually.
(d) Where the doctrine, teaching, or discipline of any religious denomination or church prohibits the disclosure of information relative to membership, a refusal, in such circumstances, to furnish
such information shall not be an offense under this chapter. (Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Sta