14 CFR Part 48

PART 48-REGISTRATION AND MARKING REQUIREMENTS FOR SMALL
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT

Subpart A - General
Sec.
48.1 Applicability.
48.5 Compliance dates.
48.10 Definitions.
48.15 Requirement to register.
48.20 Eligibility for registration.
48.25 Applicants.
48.30 Fees.
Subpart B - Certificates of Aircraft Registration for Small Unmanned Aircraft
48.100 Application.
48.105 Requirement to maintain current information.
48.110 Registration: Persons intending to use small unmanned aircraft for purposes other than
as model aircraft.
48.115 Registration: Individuals intending to use the small unmanned aircraft exclusively as a
model aircraft.
48.120 Invalid registration.
48.125 Foreign civil aircraft.
Subpart C - Aircraft Marking
48.200 General.
48.205 Display and location of unique identifier.

AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 106(t), 106(g), 40101, 40103, 40113-40114, 41703, 44101-44103,
44105-44106,44110-44113,45302,45305,46104,46301,46306.

Subpart A- General
§ 48.1 Applicability.

(a) This part provides registration and identification requirements for small unmanned
aircraft that are part of a small unmanned aircraft system as defined in § 1.1 of this chapter.

(b) Small unmanned aircraft eligible for registration in the United States must be
registered and identified in accordance with either:
(I) The registration and identification requirements in this part; or

(2) The registration requirements in part 47 and the identification and registration
marking requirements in subparts A and C of part 45.
(c) Small unmanned aircraft intended to be operated outside of the territorial airspace of
the United States, or registered through a trust or voting trust, must be registered in accordance
with subparts A and B of part 47 and satisfy the identification and registration marking
requirements of subparts A and C of part 45.
§ 48.5 Compliance dates.

(a) Small unmanned aircraft used exclusively as model aircraft. For small unmanned
aircraft operated by the current owner prior to December 21, 2015, compliance with the
requirements of this part or part 4 7 is required no later than February 19, 2016. For all other
small unmanned aircraft, compliance with this part is required'prior to operation of the small
unmanned aircraft.
(b) Small unmanned aircraft used as other than model aircraft. Small unmanned aircraft
owners authorized to conduct operations other than model aircraft operations must register the
small unmanned aircraft in accordance with part 4 7 of this chapter. Beginning March 31, 2016,
small unmanned aircraft operated as other than model aircraft may complete aircraft registration
in accordance with this part.
§ 48.10 Definitions.

For purposes of this part, the following definitions apply:

Citizen of the United States or US. citizen means one of the following:
(1) An individual who is a citizen of the United States or one of its possessions.

(2) A partnership each of whose partners is an individual who is a citizen of the United
States.
(3) A corporation or association organized under the laws of the United States or a State,
the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States, of which the president
and at least two-thirds of the board of directors and other managing officers are citizens of the
United States, which is under the actual control of citizens of the United States, and in which at
least 75 percent of the voting interest is owned or controlled by persons that are citizens of the
United States.

Registry means the FAA, Civil Aviation Registry, Aircraft Registration Branch.
Resident alien means an individual citizen of a foreign country lawfully admitted for
permanent residence in the United States as an immigrant in conformity with the regulations of
the Department of Homeland Security (8 CFR Chapter l).
§ 48.15 Requirement to register.

No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft that is eligible for registration under
49 U.S.C. 44101-44103 unless one of the following criteria has been satisfied:
(a) The owner has registered and marked the aircraft in accordance with this part;
(b) The aircraft weighs 0.55 pounds or less on takeoff, including everything that is on
board or otherwise attached to the aircraft; or
(c) The aircraft is an aircraft of the Armed Forces of the United States.

§ 48.20 Eligibility for registration.

A small unmanned aircraft may be registered under 49 U.S.C. 44103 and under this part
only when the aircraft is not registered under the laws of a foreign country and is(a) Owned by a U.S. citizen;
(b) Owned by an individual citizen of a foreign country lawfully admitted for permanent
residence in the United States;
(c) Owned by a corporation not a citizen of the United States when the corporation is
organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or a State within the United
States, and the aircraft is based and primarily used in the United States; or
(d) An aircraft of(I) The United States Government; or
(2) A State, the District of Columbia, a territory or possession of the United States, or a
political subdivision of a State, territory, or possession.
§ 48.25 Applicants.

(a) To register a small unmanned aircraft in the United States under this part, a person
must provide the information required by § 48.100 to the Registry in the form and manner
prescribed by the Administrator. Upon submission of this information, the FAA issues a
Certificate of Aircraft Registration to that person.
(b) A small unmanned aircraft must be registered by its owner using the legal name of its
owner, unless the owner is less than 13 years of age. If the owner is less than 13 years of age,
then the small unmanned aircraft must be registered by a person who is at least 13 years of age.

(c) In accordance with 49 U .S.C. 44103( c), registration is not evidence of aircraft
ownership in any proceeding in which ownership of an unmanned aircraft by a particular person
is in issue.
(d) In this part, "owner" includes a buyer in possession, a bailee, a lessee of a small
unmanned aircraft under a contract of conditional sale, and the assignee of that person.
§ 48.30 Fees.

(a) The fee for issuing or renewing a Certificate of Aircraft Registration for aircraft
registered in accordance with § 48.1 OO(a) is $5.00 per aircraft.
(b) The fee for issuing or renewing a Certificate of Aircraft Registration for aircraft
registered in accordance with § 48.1 OO(b) is $5 .00 per certificate.
(c) Each application for and renewal of a Certificate of Aircraft Registration must be
accompanied by the fee described in paragraphs (a) and (b), as applicable, paid to the Federal
Aviation Administration through the web-based aircraft registration system, or in another manner
if prescribed by the Administrator.

Subpart B - Certificates of Aircraft Registration for Small Unmanned Aircraft
§ 48.100 Application.

(a) Required i,iformation: Persons intending to use the small unmanned aircraft as other

than a model aircraft. Each applicant for a Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued under this
part must submit all of the following information to the Registry:
(1) Applicant name and, for an applicant other than an individual, the name of the

authorized representative applying for a Certificate of Aircraft Registration.

(2) Applicant's physical address and, for an applicant other than an individual, the
physical address for the authorized representative. If the applicant or authorized representative
does not receive mail at their physical address, a mailing address must also be provided.
(3) Applicant's e-mail address or, for applicants other than individuals, the e-mail address
of the authorized representative.
(4) The aircraft manufacturer and model name.
(5) The aircraft serial number, if available.
(6) Other information as required by the Administrator.
(b) Required information: Individuals intending to use the small unmanned aircraft

exclusively as a model aircraft. Each applicant for a Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued
under this part must submit all of the following information to the Registry:
(I) Applicant name.
(2) Applicant's physical address and if the applicant does not receive mail at their
physical address, a mailing address must also be provided.
(3) Applicant's e-mail address.
(4) Other information as required by the Administrator.
(c) Provision of information. The information identified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
section must be submitted to the Registry through the web-based small unmanned aircraft
registration system in a form and manner prescribed by the Administrator.

(d) Issuance of Certificate ofAircraft registration. The FAA will issue a Certificate of
Aircraft Registration upon completion of the application requirements provided in paragraph (a)
or (b) of this section as applicable.
§ 48.105 Requirement to maintain current information.

(a) The holder of a Certificate of Aircraft Registration must ensure that the information
provided under § 48.100 remains accurate.
(b) The holder of a Certificate of Aircraft Registration must update the information using
the web-based small unmanned aircraft registration system within 14 calendar days of the
following:
(I) A change in the information provided under § 48.100.

(2) When aircraft registration requires cancellation for any reason including sale or
transfer, destruction, or export.
§ 48.110 Registration: Persons intending to use small unmanned aircraft for purposes

other than as model aircraft.

(a) Certificate ofAircraft Registration. A Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued in
accordance with § 48.100 for aircraft used for purposes other than as model aircraft constitutes
registration only for the small unmanned aircraft identified on the application.
(b) Effective date of registration. An aircraft is registered when the applicant receives a
Certificate of Aircraft Registration for the specific aircraft. The effective date of registration is
shown by the date of issue on the Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued for the aircraft.

(c) Registration renewal. A Certificate of Aircraft registration issued under this part
expires 3 years after the date of issue unless it is renewed.
( 1) The holder of a Certificate of Aircraft Registration must renew the Certificate by
verifying, in a form and manner prescribed by the Administrator, that the information provided
in accordance with § 48.100 of this subpart is accurate and if it is not, provide updated
information. The verification may take place at any time within the six months preceding the
month in which the Certificate of Aircraft registration expires.
(2) A certificate issued under this paragraph expires three years from the expiration date
of the previous certificate.
(d) Other events affecting effectiveness of Certificate. Each Certificate of Aircraft
Registration issued by the FAA under this subpart is effective, unless registration has ended by
reason of having been revoked, canceled, expired, or the ownership is transferred, until the date
upon which one of the following events occurs:
(1) Subject to the Convention on the International Recognition of Rights in Aircraft when
applicable, the aircraft is registered under the laws of a foreign country.
(2) The small unmanned aircraft is totally destroyed or scrapped.
(3) The holder of the Certificate of Aircraft Registration loses U.S. citizenship.
(4) Thirty days have elapsed since the death of the holder of the Certificate of Aircraft
Registration.
(5) The owner, if an individual who is not a citizen of the United States, loses status as a
resident alien, unless that person becomes a citizen of the United States at the same time.

(6) The owner is a corporation other than a corporation which is a citizen of the United
States and one of the following events occurs:
(i) The corporation ceases to be lawfully organized and doing business under the laws of

the United States or any State thereof; or
(ii) The aircraft was not operated exclusively within the United States during the period
of registration under this part.
§ 48.115 Registration: Individuals intending to use small unmanned aircraft exclusively as

a model aircraft.
(a} Certificate ofAircraft Registration: A Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued in
accordance with § 48.100 for small unmanned aircraft used exclusively as model aircraft
constitutes registration for all small unmanned aircraft used exclusively as model aircraft owned
by the individual identified on the application.
(b) Effective date of registration. An aircraft is registered when the applicant receives a
Certificate of Aircraft Registration. The effective date of registration is shown by the date of
issue on the Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued under this part.
(c) Registration renewal. A Certificate of Aircraft registration issued under this part
expires 3 years after the date of issue unless it is renewed.

(1) The holder of a Certificate of Aircraft Registration must renew the Certificate by
verifying, in a form and manner prescribed by the Administrator, that the information provided
in accordance with§ 48.lOO(b) and (c) ofthis part is accurate and ifit is not, provide updated
information. The verification may take place at any time within the six months preceding the
month in which the Certificate of Aircraft registration expires.

(2) A certificate issued under this paragraph expires three years from the expiration date
of the previous certificate.
(d) Other events affecting effectiveness of Certificate. Each Certificate of Aircraft
Registration issued by the FAA under this part is effective, unless registration has ended by
reason of having been revoked, canceled or expired, or until the date upon which one of the
following events occurs:

(1) The holder of the Certificate of Aircraft Registration loses U.S. citizenship.
(2) Thirty days have elapsed since the death of the holder of the Certificate of Aircraft
Registration.
(3) The owner, if an individual who is not a citizen of the United States, loses status as a

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resident alien, unless that person becomes a citizen of the United States at the same time.
§ 48.120 Invalid registration.

The registration of a small unmanned aircraft is invalid if, at the time it is made(a) The aircraft is registered in a foreign country;
(b) The applicant is not the owner, except when the applicant registers on behalf of an
owner who is under 13 years of age;
(c) The applicant is not eligible to submit an application under this part; or
(d) The interest of the applicant in the aircraft was created by a transaction that was not
entered into in good faith, but rather was made to avoid (with or without the owner's knowledge)
compliance with 49 U.S.C. 44101-44103.

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§ 48.125 Foreign civil aircraft.

Except for corporations eligible to register under§ 48.20(c), the FAA will issue a
recognition of ownership to persons required to comply with the provisions of this part pursuant
to an authorization to operate issued under part 375 of this title. The recognition of ownership
does not have the effect of U.S. aircraft registration.

Subpart C - Aircraft Marking
§ 48.200 General.

(a) No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft registered in accordance with this
part unless the aircraft displays a unique identifier in accordance with the requirements of
§ 48.205 of this subpart.
(b) A unique identifier is one of the following:
(1) The registration number issued to an individual or the registration number issued to

the aircraft by the Registry upon completion of the registration process provided by this part; or
(2) If authorized by the Administrator and provided with the application for Certificate of
Aircraft Registration under § 48. I 00 of this part, the small unmanned aircraft serial number.
§ 48.205 Display and location of unique identifier.

(a) The unique identifier must be maintained in a condition that is legible.
(b) The unique identifier must be affixed to the small unmanned aircraft by any means
necessary to ensure that it will remain affixed for the duration of each operation.

(c) The unique identifier must be readily accessible and visible upon inspection of the
small unmanned aircraft. A unique identifier enclosed in a compartment is readily accessible if it
can be accessed without the use of any tool.