Attachment E - News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 19, 2020

USDL-20-0452

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
(NOTE: Population controls used in the weighting of state data for veterans and nonveterans in
tables 6A and 6B of the Employment Situation of Veterans 2019 news release were incorrect. All
differences were minor and not statistically significant, and have been corrected as of April 22,
2020.)

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2019
The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time
since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—was 3.5 percent in 2019, little
changed from 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans
declined in 2019 to 3.1 percent. In August 2019, 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a serviceconnected disability, compared with 25 percent of all veterans.
This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of
about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment, and persons not in
the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; these monthly
data are the source of the 2019 annual averages presented in this news release. In August 2019, a
supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information
from the supplement is also presented in this news release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and
Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note in this news release.
Highlights from the 2019 data:
•

The unemployment rate for male veterans declined to 3.0 percent in 2019, and the rate for female
veterans (3.7 percent) changed little over the year. The unemployment rate for male veterans was
not statistically different from the rate for female veterans. (See table A.)

•

Among the 284,000 unemployed veterans in 2019, 56 percent were ages 25 to 54, 39 percent
were age 55 and over, and 5 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

•

Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.8 percent in August
2019, not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no disability (3.7 percent). (See
table 7.)

•

Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than 30
percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or
higher (92.2 percent, compared with 61.2 percent in August 2019). (See table 7.)

•

In August 2019, 31 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in
the public sector, compared with 17 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of
nonveterans. (See table 8.)

•

In 2019, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 0.9 percent
in Maryland to 6.1 percent in Montana. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population
In 2019, 18.8 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 8 percent of the civilian
noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, 1 in 10 were women. In the survey,
veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. Veterans are much more likely to be
men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of
veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now
over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods accounted for 38 percent (7.2
million) of the total veteran population in 2019. Thirty-nine percent of veterans (7.4 million) served
during Gulf War-era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War-era II (September 2001 to present).
Twenty-two percent (4.2 million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
Gulf War-era II Veterans
In 2019, there were 4.3 million veterans who had served during Gulf War-era II (September 2001 to
present). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared with 3.5 percent of veterans from
World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. About two-thirds of all Gulf War-era II veterans
were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men (3.4 percent) was lower than the rate
for women (4.7 percent) in 2019. The unemployment rates for men and women were little changed over
the year. (See table A.)
In 2019, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.4 percent, was little different
from the rate for male nonveterans, at 3.7 percent. Among men ages 25 to 34, Gulf War-era II veterans
had a lower unemployment rate (3.1 percent) than did nonveterans (3.8 percent). Among men ages 35 to
44, however, Gulf War-era II veterans had a higher unemployment rate (3.6 percent) than did
nonveterans (2.5 percent). (See table 2B.)
The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans was 4.7 percent in 2019, higher than the
rate for female nonveterans (3.5 percent). By age, unemployment rates for female Gulf War-era II
veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception: 35- to 44-year-old female
Gulf War-era II veterans had a rate of 5.0 percent, higher than the rate of 2.9 percent for their nonveteran
counterparts. (See table 2C.)

-2-

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2019 as
employed nonveterans—25 percent and 13 percent, respectively. Among the employed, 15 percent of
Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans.
(See table 5.)
In August 2019, 42 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both
locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.5 percent, little different from the rate for Gulf
War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (4.8 percent). (See table 10.)
Gulf War-era I Veterans
In 2019, of the 3.1 million veterans who served during Gulf War-era I (August 1990 to August 2001),
the proportion who were women (16 percent) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans (17
percent). All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2019, compared with 57 percent of Gulf
War-era II veterans. Nearly half of Gulf War-era I veterans were ages 45 to 54, 22 percent were ages 35
to 44, 22 percent were ages 55 to 64, and 10 percent were age 65 and over. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
In 2019, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were little different (2.7
percent and 2.0 percent, respectively). The rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were lower
than those of their Gulf War-era II counterparts, at 3.4 percent for male Gulf War-era II veterans and 4.7
percent for female Gulf War-era II veterans. The difference in unemployment rates reflects, at least in
part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War-era I. Younger people—whether
veterans or nonveterans—tend to have higher unemployment rates than older people. (See tables 2B and
2C.)
Veterans of Other Service Periods
In 2019, 4.2 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly between
the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War-era I. All veterans
from this period of service were age 45 and over at the time of the survey. Thirteen percent of these
veterans were ages 45 to 54 in 2019, 48 percent were ages 55 to 64, and 39 percent were age 65 and
over. (See table 2A.)
In 2019, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other service periods,
the unemployment rate for men (2.8 percent) was not statistically different from the rate for women (3.9
percent). The rate for men declined over the year, while the rate for women was little different. (See
table 1.)
Veterans with a Service-connected Disability
In August 2019, 4.7 million veterans, or 25 percent of the total, had a service-connected disability.
Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments
of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.)
The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.8 percent in August 2019,
not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no disability (3.7 percent). The labor force
participation rate for veterans with a service-connected disability (47.5 percent) was also not statistically
different from the rate for veterans with no disability (48.1 percent).
-3-

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 26 percent reported a disability rating of less than
30 percent, while another 44 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2019, veterans with
a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor
force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (53.8 percent and 40.8 percent, respectively). The
unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 3.0 percent, lower
than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher (8.6 percent).
Among veterans who served during Gulf War-era II, 41 percent (1.8 million) reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2019. In August 2019, 72.7 percent of all Gulf War-era II veterans with a
service-connected disability were in the labor force, lower than the 84.8 percent for veterans from this
period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate
for those with a service-connected disability was 5.5 percent, not statistically different from those with
no disability (4.4 percent).
Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 17 percent reported a disability
rating of less than 30 percent and another 55 percent reported a disability rating of 60 percent or higher
in August 2019. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent were
much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (92.2 percent,
compared with 61.2 percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30
percent was 2.3 percent in August 2019, much lower than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60
percent or higher (9.4 percent).
In August 2019, 26 percent (768,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War-era I reported a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate (62.6 percent) was lower than the rate for
veterans who did not have a disability (81.4 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I
veterans with a service-connected disability (2.5 percent) was not statistically different from that for
Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected disability (3.4 percent).
Fifteen percent (641,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2019. The labor force participation rate of these veterans (38.2 percent)
was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (47.0 percent), while the
unemployment rates were not statistically different for veterans with a service-connected disability (5.1
percent) and those with no disability (3.6 percent).
Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public
sector. In August 2019, 31 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or
local government, compared with 17 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of
nonveterans. Twenty percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal government,
compared with 8 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)
Reserve and National Guard Membership
In August 2019, one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were current or past
members of the Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher for veterans
who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (81.9 percent) than for veterans
who were never members (76.6 percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past
members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate (4.7 percent), not statistically
different from that for those who had never been members (3.9 percent). (See table 9.)
-4-

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,
period of service, and sex, 2018-2019 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status and period of service

2018
Total

Men

2019
Women

Total

Men

Women

TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

19,201
9,453
49.2
9,127
47.5
326
3.5
9,748

17,335
8,320
48.0
8,027
46.3
292
3.5
9,015

1,866
1,133
60.7
1,099
58.9
34
3.0
732

18,822
9,270
49.2
8,986
47.7
284
3.1
9,552

16,938
8,169
48.2
7,926
46.8
243
3.0
8,769

1,884
1,101
58.4
1,060
56.2
41
3.7
784

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

4,149
3,358
80.9
3,229
77.8
129
3.8
791

3,444
2,853
82.8
2,742
79.6
111
3.9
592

704
505
71.7
487
69.1
18
3.5
200

4,328
3,468
80.1
3,345
77.3
123
3.5
860

3,602
2,974
82.6
2,874
79.8
100
3.4
628

726
495
68.1
471
64.9
23
4.7
232

NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

229,673
150,489
65.5
144,797
63.0
5,693
3.8
79,184

102,817
76,774
74.7
73,824
71.8
2,950
3.8
26,043

126,857
73,715
58.1
70,972
55.9
2,743
3.7
53,141

231,555
152,188
65.7
146,763
63.4
5,425
3.6
79,367

103,960
77,491
74.5
74,655
71.8
2,835
3.7
26,469

127,595
74,697
58.5
72,107
56.5
2,590
3.5
52,898

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf
War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated
Department of Veterans Affairs population model.

Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through the
Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly
survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by
the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics—obtains information on employment and
unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over.
Most of the data in this release are annual averages,
compiled from the results of the monthly survey. In
August, a supplement to the CPS collected additional
information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard
status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan.
The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department
of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's
Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions
were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding
their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are
tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Definitions
The definitions underlying the data in this release are
as follows:
Veterans are men and women who previously served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were
civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the
Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they
had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on
active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope
of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as
are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing
homes and prisons.
Nonveterans are men and women who never served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf
War-era veterans are men and women who served in the
U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service,
regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who
served in more than one wartime period are classified in
the most recent one.
Veterans of other service periods are men and women
who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time other than
World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the
Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged
in several armed conflicts during other service periods,

these conflicts were more limited in scope and included a
smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected
wartime periods. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.
Veteran status is obtained from responses to the
question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces?"
Period of service identifies when a veteran served in
the Armed Forces, but not the location of their service. It is
obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans,
"When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces?" The following service periods are identified:
Gulf War era II — September 2001-present
Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001
Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975
Korean War — July 1950-January 1955
World War II — December 1941-December 1946
Other service periods — All other time periods
Veterans could have served anywhere in the world
during these periods of service. Veterans are counted only
in one period of service, their most recent wartime period.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are
classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in
both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service
definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in
law, regulations, and program needs of the survey
sponsors.
Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are
individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March
2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in
both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is
determined by answers to two questions: "Did you serve in
Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq
at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in
Afghanistan, or did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at
any time since October 2001?"
Presence of service-connected disability is
determined by answers to the question, "Has the
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of
Defense (DoD) determined that you have a serviceconnected disability, that is, a health condition or
impairment caused or made worse by any of your military
service?"
Service-connected disability rating is based on
answers to the question, "What is your current serviceconnected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to

100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings
are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule
published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38,
"Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—
"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is
"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting
from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a
result of or incident to military service. The percentage
ratings represent as far as can practicably be determined the
average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in
civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of
possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100
percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.
Reserve and National Guard membership refers only
to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members
of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve
and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever
been called to active duty. These data do not refer to all
persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or
National Guard. Reserve or National Guard status is
obtained from answers to two questions. Gulf War-era
veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the
result of a call-up from the Reserve or National Guard?" If
the answer was no, they were asked, "Have you ever been
a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes'
response to either question classified persons as "Current
or past member of the Reserve or National Guard." A 'no'
response to the latter question classified persons as "Never
a member of the Reserve or National Guard."
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather

than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates will differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this
difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is
known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by
the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including
the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.
Information about the reliability of national data
from the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates
from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 6B of this
release, see
https://www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm
Comparability of estimates
Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for
veterans incorporate population controls derived from an
updated Department of Veterans Affairs’ population
model. In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not
revise estimates for previous years. Information about the
updated veteran population model is available from the
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
at
https://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vet
pop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf.

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

250,377
18,822
7,399
4,328
3,070
7,213
4,210
231,555

161,458
9,270
5,808
3,468
2,339
1,479
1,983
152,188

64.5
49.2
78.5
80.1
76.2
20.5
47.1
65.7

155,749
8,986
5,624
3,345
2,279
1,437
1,925
146,763

62.2
47.7
76.0
77.3
74.2
19.9
45.7
63.4

5,709
284
183
123
60
42
59
5,425

3.5
3.1
3.2
3.5
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.6

88,919
9,552
1,591
860
731
5,735
2,227
79,367

Men
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120,898
16,938
6,170
3,602
2,568
6,964
3,803
103,960

85,660
8,169
4,968
2,974
1,994
1,425
1,776
77,491

70.9
48.2
80.5
82.6
77.6
20.5
46.7
74.5

82,582
7,926
4,815
2,874
1,941
1,386
1,726
74,655

68.3
46.8
78.0
79.8
75.6
19.9
45.4
71.8

3,078
243
153
100
53
39
51
2,835

3.6
3.0
3.1
3.4
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.7

35,238
8,769
1,202
628
574
5,539
2,027
26,469

Women
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

129,479
1,884
1,228
726
502
249
407
127,595

75,798
1,101
840
495
345
54
207
74,697

58.5
58.4
68.4
68.1
68.7
21.6
50.9
58.5

73,167
1,060
810
471
338
51
199
72,107

56.5
56.2
65.9
64.9
67.4
20.4
49.0
56.5

2,631
41
30
23
7
3
8
2,590

3.5
3.7
3.6
4.7
2.0
5.4
3.9
3.5

53,681
784
389
232
157
195
200
52,898

White
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

194,408
15,580
5,710
3,313
2,397
6,379
3,491
178,828

124,956
7,466
4,533
2,692
1,841
1,308
1,624
117,490

64.3
47.9
79.4
81.3
76.8
20.5
46.5
65.7

121,012
7,260
4,406
2,612
1,794
1,274
1,580
113,752

62.2
46.6
77.2
78.8
74.9
20.0
45.3
63.6

3,944
206
127
81
46
35
44
3,738

3.2
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.2

69,453
8,114
1,177
621
557
5,071
1,867
61,338

Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31,764
2,322
1,173
677
495
586
563
29,442

20,431
1,272
882
512
369
103
287
19,159

64.3
54.8
75.2
75.7
74.6
17.6
51.0
65.1

19,232
1,210
837
477
359
97
276
18,022

60.5
52.1
71.3
70.5
72.5
16.6
49.0
61.2

1,199
62
45
35
10
6
11
1,137

5.9
4.9
5.1
6.8
2.8
5.7
3.9
5.9

11,333
1,049
291
165
126
483
276
10,283

Asian
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,788
333
179
108
71

10,334
193
133
87
47

65.5
57.8
74.6
80.1
66.2

10,062
186
128
83
44

63.7
55.8
71.3
77.0
62.6

272
7
6
3
3

2.6
3.6
4.4
3.9
5.4

5,454
140
45
21
24

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019 annual averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110
44
15,455

40
19
10,142

36.2
43.8
65.6

40
19
9,876

36.0
42.1
63.9

0
1
266

0.6
–
2.6

70
25
5,313

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41,326
1,358
812
540
272
311
235
39,968

28,600
856
655
440
215
79
122
27,744

69.2
63.0
80.6
81.4
79.0
25.4
52.0
69.4

27,425
835
636
426
210
78
121
26,589

66.4
61.5
78.3
78.8
77.3
25.1
51.6
66.5

1,176
21
19
14
5
1
1
1,155

4.1
2.4
2.9
3.2
2.2
1.2
0.8
4.2

12,726
502
158
100
57
232
113
12,224

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race
groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where
base is less than 35,000).

Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

18,822
261
1,585
2,013
2,622
3,519
8,823

9,270
193
1,302
1,699
2,199
2,234
1,642

49.2
73.9
82.2
84.4
83.9
63.5
18.6

8,986
179
1,260
1,641
2,140
2,169
1,597

47.7
68.4
79.5
81.6
81.6
61.6
18.1

284
14
43
57
59
65
45

3.1
7.4
3.3
3.4
2.7
2.9
2.8

9,552
68
283
314
422
1,285
7,181

7,399
261
1,585
2,013
2,092
1,058
391

5,808
193
1,302
1,699
1,763
749
102

78.5
73.9
82.2
84.4
84.3
70.8
26.1

5,624
179
1,260
1,641
1,717
728
100

76.0
68.4
79.5
81.6
82.1
68.9
25.5

183
14
43
57
46
21
2

3.2
7.4
3.3
3.4
2.6
2.8
2.1

1,591
68
283
314
329
309
289

4,328
261
1,585
1,349
660
378
96

3,468
193
1,302
1,125
538
282
29

80.1
73.9
82.2
83.4
81.5
74.6
30.3

3,345
179
1,260
1,082
523
274
28

77.3
68.4
79.5
80.2
79.2
72.7
29.6

123
14
43
43
15
7
1

3.5
7.4
3.3
3.8
2.8
2.5
–

860
68
283
224
122
96
67

3,070
664
1,432
680
295

2,339
574
1,225
467
73

76.2
86.5
85.5
68.7
24.7

2,279
560
1,194
454
71

74.2
84.3
83.4
66.7
24.2

60
14
31
14
2

2.6
2.5
2.5
2.9
2.2

731
90
207
213
222

7,213
431
6,782

1,479
185
1,294

20.5
42.9
19.1

1,437
180
1,257

19.9
41.8
18.5

42
5
37

2.8
2.6
2.9

5,735
246
5,488

4,210
530
2,031
1,650

1,983
437
1,300
246

47.1
82.5
64.0
14.9

1,925
424
1,261
240

45.7
80.0
62.1
14.6

59
13
39
6

3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5

2,227
93
730
1,404

231,555
28,689
43,292
38,947
37,823
38,725
44,079

152,188
18,818
35,889
32,358
30,732
25,372
9,018

65.7
65.6
82.9
83.1
81.3
65.5
20.5

146,763
17,354
34,548
31,486
29,901
24,724
8,750

63.4
60.5
79.8
80.8
79.1
63.8
19.9

5,425
1,464
1,341
873
831
648
268

3.6
7.8
3.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
3.0

79,367
9,870
7,403
6,589
7,091
13,353
35,061

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

16,938
203
1,281
1,636
2,253
3,088
8,477

8,169
161
1,098
1,418
1,925
1,987
1,580

48.2
79.3
85.7
86.7
85.5
64.3
18.6

7,926
150
1,064
1,372
1,873
1,930
1,538

46.8
73.7
83.1
83.9
83.1
62.5
18.1

243
11
34
47
52
57
42

3.0
7.1
3.1
3.3
2.7
2.9
2.7

8,769
42
183
217
328
1,102
6,897

6,170
203
1,281
1,636
1,798
902
350

4,968
161
1,098
1,418
1,541
656
94

80.5
79.3
85.7
86.7
85.7
72.6
26.9

4,815
150
1,064
1,372
1,501
637
92

78.0
73.7
83.1
83.9
83.5
70.5
26.3

153
11
34
47
41
19
2

3.1
7.1
3.1
3.3
2.6
2.9
2.3

1,202
42
183
217
257
247
256

3,602
203
1,281
1,108
584
340
85

2,974
161
1,098
950
482
257
26

82.6
79.3
85.7
85.7
82.5
75.6
29.9

2,874
150
1,064
916
468
251
25

79.8
73.7
83.1
82.6
80.0
74.0
29.2

100
11
34
34
14
5
1

3.4
7.1
3.1
3.6
3.0
2.1
–

628
42
183
158
102
83
60

2,568
527
1,214
563
265

1,994
468
1,059
399
69

77.6
88.8
87.2
70.9
25.9

1,941
456
1,033
385
67

75.6
86.4
85.1
68.5
25.3

53
12
26
14
2

2.7
2.6
2.5
3.4
2.3

574
59
155
164
196

6,964
397
6,568

1,425
169
1,256

20.5
42.5
19.1

1,386
165
1,221

19.9
41.7
18.6

39
3
35

2.7
2.0
2.8

5,539
228
5,311

3,803
455
1,789
1,559

1,776
384
1,163
229

46.7
84.4
65.0
14.7

1,726
373
1,128
225

45.4
81.9
63.0
14.4

51
11
35
4

2.8
3.0
3.0
1.9

2,027
71
627
1,330

103,960
14,317
21,105
18,508
17,521
17,249
15,260

77,491
9,552
18,850
16,878
15,362
12,563
4,286

74.5
66.7
89.3
91.2
87.7
72.8
28.1

74,655
8,702
18,143
16,450
14,943
12,257
4,161

71.8
60.8
86.0
88.9
85.3
71.1
27.3

2,835
850
707
428
419
306
125

3.7
8.9
3.8
2.5
2.7
2.4
2.9

26,469
4,765
2,255
1,630
2,159
4,686
10,974

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

1,884
58
303
377
369
431
346

1,101
32
204
281
274
247
63

58.4
55.0
67.3
74.4
74.4
57.4
18.1

1,060
29
195
270
267
239
59

56.2
50.0
64.3
71.5
72.5
55.5
17.1

41
3
9
11
7
8
3

3.7
–
4.4
3.9
2.6
3.2
5.3

784
26
99
97
94
184
284

1,228
58
303
377
294
155
41

840
32
204
281
222
93
8

68.4
55.0
67.3
74.4
75.4
60.2
–

810
29
195
270
216
92
8

65.9
50.0
64.3
71.5
73.5
59.0
–

30
3
9
11
5
2
0

3.6
–
4.4
3.9
2.4
2.0
–

389
26
99
97
72
62
33

726
58
303
240
76
38
11

495
32
204
174
56
25
4

68.1
55.0
67.3
72.5
73.5
65.6
–

471
29
195
165
55
23
4

64.9
50.0
64.3
68.9
72.4
60.9
–

23
3
9
9
1
2
0

4.7
–
4.4
5.0
1.4
–
–

232
26
99
66
20
13
7

502
137
218
117
30

345
106
166
69
4

68.7
77.7
76.1
58.5
–

338
104
161
69
4

67.4
76.1
73.9
58.4
–

7
2
5
0
0

2.0
2.0
2.8
0.2
–

157
31
52
49
26

249
34
215

54
16
38

21.6
–
17.6

51
14
36

20.4
–
16.9

3
1
1

5.4
–
3.9

195
18
177

407
75
241
91

207
53
138
17

50.9
70.5
57.0
18.7

199
51
133
15

49.0
68.3
55.1
16.7

8
2
5
2

3.9
3.1
3.3
–

200
22
104
74

127,595
14,372
22,187
20,439
20,302
21,476
28,819

74,697
9,267
17,039
15,480
15,370
12,809
4,732

58.5
64.5
76.8
75.7
75.7
59.6
16.4

72,107
8,652
16,405
15,036
14,958
12,467
4,589

56.5
60.2
73.9
73.6
73.7
58.1
15.9

2,590
614
634
445
412
342
143

3.5
6.6
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.7
3.0

52,898
5,105
5,148
4,959
4,932
8,667
24,087

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational
attainment, 2019 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status,
period of service, and educational attainment

VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

18,561
738
5,247
6,446
6,130

9,077
176
2,265
3,280
3,356

48.9
23.9
43.2
50.9
54.8

8,807
171
2,199
3,172
3,266

47.5
23.1
41.9
49.2
53.3

269
6
65
108
91

3.0
3.2
2.9
3.3
2.7

9,484
562
2,982
3,166
2,773

7,138
75
1,625
2,767
2,670

5,615
46
1,253
2,125
2,190

78.7
61.3
77.2
76.8
82.0

5,446
44
1,216
2,055
2,131

76.3
57.9
74.8
74.3
79.8

169
3
38
70
59

3.0
5.5
3.0
3.3
2.7

1,523
29
371
642
480

4,067
39
939
1,586
1,502

3,275
26
746
1,228
1,276

80.5
66.6
79.4
77.4
84.9

3,167
24
722
1,183
1,238

77.9
61.4
76.9
74.6
82.4

109
2
23
45
38

3.3
–
3.1
3.7
3.0

792
13
193
359
226

3,070
36
686
1,181
1,168

2,339
20
508
897
914

76.2
55.5
74.1
76.0
78.3

2,279
20
494
872
894

74.2
54.1
72.0
73.9
76.5

60
0
14
25
20

2.6
–
2.8
2.8
2.2

731
16
178
283
254

7,213
434
2,166
2,300
2,313

1,479
65
369
476
569

20.5
14.9
17.0
20.7
24.6

1,437
63
359
459
555

19.9
14.5
16.6
20.0
24.0

42
2
10
16
14

2.8
3.0
2.6
3.4
2.4

5,735
369
1,797
1,825
1,744

4,210
229
1,456
1,378
1,146

1,983
65
642
679
597

47.1
28.5
44.1
49.3
52.1

1,925
64
624
658
579

45.7
28.0
42.9
47.7
50.5

59
1
18
22
18

3.0
1.6
2.8
3.2
3.1

2,227
164
814
699
549

202,866
20,809
57,116
51,207
73,733

133,370
9,729
33,841
34,257
55,542

65.7
46.8
59.2
66.9
75.3

129,409
9,204
32,586
33,223
54,396

63.8
44.2
57.1
64.9
73.8

3,961
525
1,256
1,034
1,146

3.0
5.4
3.7
3.0
2.1

69,496
11,079
23,275
16,950
18,192

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data
that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2019
annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Occupation and sex

Total
Total

TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEN
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gulf War Gulf War
era II
era I

WW II,
Korean
War,
and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

8,986

5,624

3,345

2,279

1,437

1,925

146,763

100.0
40.4
19.5
20.9
13.9
15.6
7.8
7.8
13.1
0.5
5.9
6.6
17.1
6.7
10.3

100.0
40.5
18.4
22.1
14.7
15.6
7.1
8.4
13.3
0.5
5.5
7.4
15.9
6.9
9.0

100.0
38.1
17.5
20.6
16.5
16.0
6.9
9.1
13.4
0.5
5.4
7.5
16.0
6.9
9.0

100.0
43.9
19.7
24.3
12.1
15.0
7.5
7.5
13.2
0.4
5.6
7.1
15.9
6.8
9.1

100.0
43.7
25.3
18.5
12.0
16.4
10.5
5.9
11.0
0.7
6.0
4.3
16.9
4.1
12.8

100.0
37.7
18.4
19.2
12.8
15.2
7.9
7.3
13.8
0.5
7.3
6.0
20.5
8.3
12.2

100.0
41.2
17.2
24.0
16.9
21.4
9.8
11.5
8.9
0.7
5.3
2.9
11.6
5.4
6.2

7,926

4,815

2,874

1,941

1,386

1,726

74,655

100.0
38.9
19.6
19.3
13.7
14.3
7.8
6.5
14.6
0.5
6.7
7.4
18.5
7.3
11.2

100.0
38.5
18.3
20.2
14.6
14.1
7.1
7.0
15.2
0.5
6.3
8.4
17.6
7.6
9.9

100.0
36.1
17.5
18.6
16.6
14.6
6.9
7.7
15.3
0.5
6.2
8.6
17.4
7.7
9.7

100.0
42.1
19.5
22.6
11.7
13.3
7.3
6.1
15.2
0.5
6.5
8.2
17.8
7.5
10.3

100.0
43.3
25.4
17.9
11.6
16.5
10.8
5.6
11.4
0.7
6.2
4.5
17.2
4.1
13.0

100.0
36.5
18.4
18.1
12.7
13.3
7.5
5.9
15.3
0.5
8.0
6.7
22.1
8.8
13.3

100.0
37.3
18.1
19.2
13.3
15.8
9.6
6.1
16.5
1.1
10.0
5.5
17.1
7.4
9.7

1,060

810

471

338

51

199

72,107

100.0
51.2
18.9
32.3
15.4
25.3
8.1
17.2
1.7
0.2
0.7
0.9

100.0
52.0
18.9
33.1
15.6
24.4
7.6
16.8
1.9
0.2
0.6
1.2

100.0
50.1
17.5
32.6
16.4
24.4
6.9
17.6
2.0
0.2
0.5
1.3

100.0
54.7
20.9
33.8
14.4
24.3
8.7
15.7
1.8
0.0
0.7
1.0

100.0
54.3
21.4
33.0
20.9
14.7
1.9
12.7
1.1
0.7
0.5
0.0

100.0
47.5
18.4
29.0
13.4
31.5
11.4
20.1
1.3
0.2
1.2
0.0

100.0
45.3
16.2
29.1
20.7
27.2
10.1
17.1
1.0
0.4
0.4
0.3

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2019
annual averages — Continued
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Occupation and sex

Total
Total

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3
2.7
3.7

6.2
2.4
3.7

Gulf War Gulf War
era II
era I
7.1
2.3
4.9

4.8
2.7
2.2

WW II,
Korean
War,
and
Vietnam
era
8.9
2.7
6.2

Other
service
periods
6.3
3.7
2.7

Nonveterans

5.8
3.3
2.5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of
service, 2019 annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total
Total

TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Gulf War
era II

Gulf War
era I

WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

8,986

5,624

3,345

2,279

1,437

1,925

146,763

100.0
1.8
0.9
0.9
98.2
92.6
71.1
0.7
6.6
12.0
2.4
7.9
7.5
1.6
4.9
11.8
8.5
4.1
3.1
21.5
10.8
4.4
6.3
5.6

100.0
0.9
0.7
0.2
99.1
95.8
70.9
0.8
6.3
12.3
2.5
7.2
7.4
1.8
4.6
12.5
8.7
4.1
2.8
24.9
13.7
4.7
6.4
3.3

100.0
0.9
0.8
0.1
99.1
96.0
70.6
0.6
6.5
12.3
2.3
6.9
7.4
1.5
4.3
12.7
8.4
4.9
2.8
25.4
14.8
4.5
6.1
3.0

100.0
0.8
0.5
0.3
99.2
95.4
71.3
0.9
6.1
12.3
2.7
7.5
7.3
2.3
5.0
12.2
9.0
3.1
2.8
24.1
12.1
5.1
6.9
3.8

100.0
5.3
1.9
3.4
94.7
82.7
69.9
0.5
6.4
8.9
2.3
10.4
6.7
1.6
6.2
11.6
6.6
4.6
4.0
12.9
3.4
3.4
6.1
11.8

100.0
1.6
0.8
0.9
98.4
90.8
72.8
0.6
7.4
13.5
2.1
8.2
8.5
1.0
5.0
9.9
9.3
3.8
3.4
18.1
7.6
4.1
6.3
7.5

100.0
1.5
1.0
0.4
98.5
92.9
79.8
0.5
5.9
9.7
2.2
9.8
4.4
1.6
6.4
10.9
15.9
8.3
4.2
13.0
2.0
4.4
6.6
5.6

7,926

4,815

2,874

1,941

1,386

1,726

74,655

100.0
1.9
1.0
0.9
98.1
92.3
72.0
0.8
7.2
12.9
2.5
7.9
8.2
1.7
4.6
12.1
6.8
4.1
3.2
20.3
10.1
4.1

100.0
0.9
0.7
0.2
99.1
95.6
71.9
0.9
7.1
13.5
2.7
7.0
8.2
1.9
4.1
12.9
6.7
4.0
2.8
23.8
13.2
4.4

100.0
1.0
0.9
0.2
99.0
95.9
71.4
0.7
7.2
13.4
2.5
6.9
8.2
1.6
4.1
13.2
6.1
4.7
2.8
24.5
14.3
4.4

100.0
0.8
0.6
0.3
99.2
95.3
72.6
1.1
6.8
13.5
3.1
7.3
8.3
2.4
4.2
12.6
7.6
3.0
2.7
22.7
11.7
4.3

100.0
5.5
2.0
3.5
94.5
82.5
70.1
0.5
6.6
9.0
2.4
10.5
6.9
1.6
6.2
11.7
6.1
4.6
4.1
12.3
3.3
3.2

100.0
1.8
0.8
1.0
98.2
90.8
73.7
0.6
8.1
14.4
2.2
8.2
9.3
1.0
4.8
10.1
7.8
3.8
3.4
17.1
7.0
4.0

100.0
2.1
1.5
0.6
97.9
91.5
81.6
0.7
10.2
13.1
3.0
9.8
6.4
1.8
5.7
12.2
7.0
7.8
3.7
9.9
1.8
3.2

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of
service, 2019 annual averages — Continued
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total

Gulf War
era II

Total
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Gulf War
era I

WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

6.1
5.8

6.1
3.4

5.8
3.1

6.6
3.9

5.8
11.9

6.1
7.5

4.8
6.4

1,060

810

471

338

51

199

72,107

100.0
0.5
0.3
0.2
99.5
95.3
64.9
0.1
1.8
5.6
1.0
8.0
2.1
1.3
7.0
9.5
21.1
4.7
2.7
30.4
15.4
6.6
8.3
4.2

100.0
0.5
0.4
0.2
99.5
96.6
65.1
0.1
2.0
5.3
1.2
8.1
2.2
1.4
7.1
9.8
20.6
4.8
2.7
31.4
16.7
6.8
7.9
2.9

100.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
99.5
97.0
66.1
0.2
2.0
5.3
1.4
7.4
2.6
1.2
5.2
9.9
22.9
5.7
2.3
30.9
18.2
4.8
7.9
2.5

100.0
0.6
0.2
0.4
99.4
96.0
63.8
0.0
2.0
5.4
0.8
9.1
1.5
1.6
9.7
9.6
17.3
3.5
3.2
32.2
14.6
9.5
8.0
3.4

100.0
0.7
0.0
0.7
99.3
89.4
62.4
0.0
0.0
7.1
0.0
7.0
1.8
2.4
4.0
9.0
22.6
5.6
3.0
27.0
6.1
7.2
13.7
10.0

100.0
0.5
0.3
0.2
99.5
91.6
64.8
0.0
1.7
6.3
0.7
7.7
2.1
0.7
7.2
8.3
22.9
4.3
2.9
26.8
12.6
5.6
8.6
7.9

100.0
0.9
0.6
0.3
99.1
94.3
78.0
0.2
1.4
6.1
1.3
9.9
2.3
1.3
7.1
9.6
25.1
8.9
4.7
16.3
2.1
5.7
8.4
4.8

Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

2

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2019 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
State

TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

18,822
324
61
476
207
1,588
334
169
76
26
1,367
693
103
119
590
408
204
167
268
266
110
406
293
557
295
178
396
93
126
235
88
311
165
755
686
48
735
285
294
813
55
394
61
457
1,579
133
39
718
515
129
380
47

Total

Percent
of
population

9,270
171
35
242
93
726
169
81
37
11
616
375
46
54
272
209
106
85
112
118
51
251
135
249
139
86
170
45
69
121
46
125
79
332
361
25
362
134
129
358
24
201
35
231
882
65
18
447
275
57
186
26

49.2
52.8
57.1
50.9
44.7
45.7
50.7
48.2
48.4
44.9
45.0
54.1
44.6
45.7
46.1
51.3
52.1
51.1
41.9
44.5
46.2
61.9
46.1
44.6
47.3
48.1
43.1
48.2
54.7
51.4
51.7
40.1
48.3
44.0
52.6
52.8
49.2
47.0
43.9
44.0
43.3
50.9
57.0
50.5
55.8
48.6
45.4
62.2
53.4
44.3
49.0
53.9

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor force

8,986
168
34
230
91
699
164
79
36
11
598
365
44
53
265
206
102
84
108
115
49
249
128
244
132
82
167
42
67
118
45
122
77
318
344
25
351
130
126
339
23
197
34
225
853
64
17
439
263
55
182
25

47.7
51.8
55.0
48.4
43.8
44.0
49.2
46.6
47.0
42.8
43.8
52.7
42.6
44.9
44.8
50.4
50.0
50.5
40.2
43.1
44.8
61.3
43.8
43.8
44.9
45.8
42.3
45.3
53.4
50.3
50.9
39.2
46.8
42.2
50.2
52.1
47.7
45.8
43.0
41.7
42.1
50.0
55.4
49.2
54.0
48.0
44.2
61.1
51.1
42.9
48.0
51.8

284
3
1
12
2
27
5
3
1
1
17
10
2
1
8
4
4
1
5
4
2
2
7
4
7
4
3
3
2
2
1
3
2
13
16
0
11
4
3
18
1
4
1
6
28
1
0
8
12
2
4
1

3.1
1.9
3.6
4.9
2.0
3.7
3.0
3.3
2.9
4.7
2.8
2.5
4.6
1.7
2.9
1.8
3.9
1.2
4.0
3.2
3.2
0.9
5.1
1.8
4.9
4.8
1.8
6.1
2.2
2.0
1.5
2.3
3.0
4.0
4.6
1.2
3.0
2.6
2.2
5.1
2.8
1.8
2.9
2.6
3.2
1.2
2.6
1.7
4.3
3.2
2.0
4.0

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Not in
labor
force

9,552
153
26
234
114
862
164
87
39
14
752
318
57
65
318
199
98
82
156
148
59
155
158
309
155
92
225
48
57
114
43
186
85
423
326
23
374
151
165
456
31
193
26
226
697
68
21
272
240
72
194
22

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2019 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
State

TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

231,555
3,421
470
5,038
2,065
28,575
4,080
2,620
684
541
15,625
7,226
952
1,201
9,043
4,648
2,191
1,972
3,124
3,168
967
4,238
5,185
7,165
3,964
2,028
4,268
734
1,296
2,126
999
6,531
1,431
14,416
7,300
517
8,214
2,613
3,012
9,150
775
3,538
594
4,776
19,618
2,114
464
5,802
5,331
1,274
4,084
387

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Total

Percent
of
population

152,188
2,074
309
3,250
1,267
18,516
2,939
1,802
447
398
9,652
4,668
608
813
6,073
3,115
1,616
1,367
1,927
1,957
624
3,031
3,644
4,618
2,886
1,178
2,864
484
952
1,432
716
4,350
870
9,049
4,685
374
5,400
1,677
1,948
6,041
521
2,179
427
3,097
13,074
1,502
320
3,975
3,653
736
2,821
261

65.7
60.6
65.7
64.5
61.4
64.8
72.0
68.8
65.4
73.7
61.8
64.6
63.9
67.7
67.2
67.0
73.8
69.3
61.7
61.8
64.5
71.5
70.3
64.5
72.8
58.1
67.1
66.0
73.4
67.4
71.7
66.6
60.8
62.8
64.2
72.4
65.7
64.2
64.7
66.0
67.2
61.6
71.9
64.9
66.6
71.0
68.8
68.5
68.5
57.8
69.1
67.6

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor force

146,763
2,013
290
3,101
1,222
17,778
2,866
1,740
429
376
9,357
4,509
592
789
5,844
3,012
1,574
1,324
1,846
1,867
606
2,920
3,545
4,437
2,798
1,116
2,775
469
923
1,375
699
4,198
827
8,698
4,508
365
5,194
1,620
1,875
5,799
503
2,115
413
2,996
12,631
1,465
312
3,865
3,503
701
2,727
253

63.4
58.9
61.6
61.6
59.2
62.2
70.3
66.4
62.8
69.5
59.9
62.4
62.2
65.7
64.6
64.8
71.8
67.1
59.1
58.9
62.7
68.9
68.4
61.9
70.6
55.0
65.0
63.9
71.2
64.7
70.0
64.3
57.8
60.3
61.8
70.6
63.2
62.0
62.2
63.4
65.0
59.8
69.6
62.7
64.4
69.3
67.3
66.6
65.7
55.0
66.8
65.4

5,425
61
19
148
45
738
72
62
18
22
295
159
16
23
229
103
42
43
81
90
18
111
99
181
88
62
89
15
29
57
17
152
43
351
177
9
206
57
73
243
18
64
14
102
444
36
7
110
151
35
94
9

3.6
2.9
6.2
4.6
3.6
4.0
2.5
3.4
4.0
5.6
3.1
3.4
2.6
2.9
3.8
3.3
2.6
3.1
4.2
4.6
2.8
3.7
2.7
3.9
3.0
5.3
3.1
3.2
3.0
4.0
2.4
3.5
4.9
3.9
3.8
2.4
3.8
3.4
3.7
4.0
3.4
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.4
2.4
2.2
2.8
4.1
4.8
3.3
3.4

Not in
labor
force

79,367
1,347
161
1,789
797
10,059
1,141
818
237
142
5,974
2,558
344
388
2,970
1,533
575
606
1,196
1,211
343
1,207
1,541
2,547
1,078
849
1,405
250
344
694
283
2,181
560
5,367
2,615
143
2,814
937
1,064
3,109
254
1,359
167
1,679
6,544
612
145
1,826
1,678
538
1,263
125

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of
population

Not in labor
force

Percent of
labor force

Total

TOTAL
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

18,776
4,742
1,241
1,029
2,092
380
13,530
505

9,017
2,252
667
590
853
142
6,503
262

48.0
47.5
53.8
57.3
40.8
37.4
48.1
51.9

8,664
2,144
647
580
780
137
6,260
261

46.1
45.2
52.2
56.3
37.3
36.2
46.3
51.7

353
109
20
11
73
5
243
1

3.9
4.8
3.0
1.8
8.6
3.3
3.7
0.3

9,759
2,489
573
439
1,239
238
7,027
243

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

7,419
2,559
524
634
1,243
159
4,614
246

5,832
1,782
432
496
741
113
3,841
210

78.6
69.6
82.4
78.3
59.6
71.3
83.2
85.2

5,596
1,698
420
491
678
110
3,688
210

75.4
66.4
80.0
77.4
54.6
69.4
79.9
85.2

236
84
12
6
63
3
153
0

4.1
4.7
2.8
1.2
8.5
2.6
4.0
0.0

1,587
777
93
137
502
46
773
36

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

4,411
1,792
304
407
986
95
2,464
155

3,520
1,302
280
344
604
73
2,090
128

79.8
72.7
92.2
84.7
61.2
77.1
84.8
82.0

3,356
1,230
273
339
547
71
1,998
128

76.1
68.7
90.1
83.3
55.5
73.9
81.1
82.0

164
72
6
6
57
3
92
0

4.7
5.5
2.3
1.7
9.4
4.4
0.0

891
490
24
62
382
22
373
28

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

3,008
768
221
227
257
63
2,150
91

2,313
480
152
152
137
40
1,750
82

76.9
62.6
68.8
66.9
53.4
81.4
90.7

2,240
468
146
152
131
40
1,690
82

74.5
61.0
66.2
66.9
50.9
78.6
90.7

72
12
6
6
60
0

3.1
2.5
3.7
4.7
3.4
0.0

695
287
69
75
120
24
400
8

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

7,162
1,541
451
273
660
157
5,458
164

1,269
226
87
43
71
25
1,037
7

17.7
14.6
19.2
15.7
10.8
15.8
19.0
4.0

1,225
213
85
43
62
23
1,006
7

17.1
13.8
18.8
15.7
9.4
14.7
18.4
4.0

44
13
2
9
2
31
0

3.5
5.6
2.2
3.0
-

5,893
1,315
365
230
589
132
4,420
157

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

4,195
641
265
122
189
64
3,459
95

1,916
245
149
51
41
4
1,625
45

45.7
38.2
56.2
41.6
21.5
47.0
47.8

1,843
232
143
46
39
4
1,566
45

43.9
36.2
53.8
37.6
20.8
45.3
47.1

72
12
6
5
1
59
1

3.8
5.1
4.2
3.6
-

2,279
396
116
71
149
60
1,833
50

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of
population

Not in labor
force

Percent of
labor force

Total

MEN
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

16,890
4,181
1,151
894
1,791
345
12,250
459

7,969
1,996
609
505
741
141
5,742
231

47.2
47.7
52.9
56.5
41.4
40.9
46.9
50.3

7,660
1,894
589
495
674
136
5,535
230

45.4
45.3
51.2
55.4
37.6
39.5
45.2
50.2

309
102
20
10
67
5
207
1

3.9
5.1
3.3
2.0
9.0
3.3
3.6
0.3

8,921
2,185
542
389
1,050
204
6,508
228

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

6,186
2,103
452
516
995
140
3,876
206

5,046
1,549
384
418
633
113
3,318
179

81.6
73.6
85.0
81.0
63.7
80.5
85.6
86.7

4,841
1,471
372
412
576
110
3,191
179

78.3
69.9
82.4
79.9
57.9
78.4
82.3
86.7

205
78
12
6
57
3
127
0

4.1
5.0
3.2
1.4
9.0
2.6
3.8
0.0

1,140
555
68
98
361
27
558
27

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

3,637
1,475
254
359
779
83
2,037
124

3,040
1,146
243
316
513
73
1,789
105

83.6
77.7
95.8
88.0
65.9
88.0
87.8
84.7

2,897
1,080
237
310
463
71
1,712
105

79.7
73.2
93.3
86.4
59.4
84.5
84.0
84.7

143
66
6
6
51
3
77
0

4.7
5.7
2.7
1.8
9.9
4.3
0.0

596
329
11
43
266
10
248
19

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

2,549
628
198
157
216
57
1,839
82

2,005
403
141
102
120
40
1,529
73

78.7
64.1
71.2
64.9
55.7
83.1
89.8

1,943
391
136
102
114
40
1,479
73

76.2
62.2
68.4
64.9
52.7
80.4
89.8

62
12
6
6
50
0

3.1
3.0
4.0
5.4
3.3
-

544
225
57
55
96
17
310
8

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

6,915
1,491
451
263
631
146
5,261
163

1,223
221
87
43
67
25
996
7

17.7
14.8
19.2
16.3
10.6
16.9
18.9
4.1

1,187
209
85
43
58
23
972
7

17.2
14.0
18.8
16.3
9.2
15.7
18.5
4.1

36
12
2
9
2
24
0

2.9
5.5
2.2
2.4
-

5,692
1,270
365
220
564
121
4,266
156

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

3,789
586
247
114
165
59
3,113
90

1,700
226
138
44
41
3
1,429
45

44.9
38.6
55.8
38.7
24.6
45.9
50.4

1,632
215
132
40
39
3
1,373
45

43.1
36.6
53.2
35.0
23.8
44.1
49.6

69
12
6
4
1
56
1

4.0
5.2
4.5
3.9
-

2,089
360
109
70
125
55
1,684
45

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of
population

Total

Not in labor
force

Percent of
labor force

Total

WOMEN
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

1,886
561
90
135
301
35
1,280
45

1,048
256
58
85
112
1
761
31

55.6
45.7
64.9
62.8
37.2
59.4
-

1,005
249
58
84
106
1
725
31

53.3
44.5
64.9
62.3
35.1
56.6
-

43
7
1
6
36
-

4.1
2.7
0.7
5.7
4.8
-

838
305
32
50
189
34
519
15

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

1,233
456
737
40

787
233
523
31

63.8
51.2
70.9
-

755
227
497
31

61.2
49.8
67.4
-

32
6
26
-

4.0
2.6
4.9
-

446
223
215
9

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

774
317
426
31

479
156
301
22

61.9
49.3
70.6
-

458
150
286
22

59.2
47.4
67.1
-

21
6
15
-

4.4
3.8
5.0
-

295
161
125
9

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

459
139
311
9

307
77
221
9

67.0
55.5
71.2
-

297
77
211
9

64.7
55.5
67.9
-

10
10
-

3.4
4.7
-

152
62
90
0

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

247
50
196
1

46
4
42
0

18.6
21.2
-

38
4
34
0

15.4
17.2
-

8
0
8
-

-

201
45
155
1

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

406
55
346
5

215
19
197
0

53.0
56.8
-

211
18
194
0

52.1
55.9
-

4
1
3
-

1.7
1.6
-

191
37
149
5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and
other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served
in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The
associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal
Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the
veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,
and class of worker, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted
Percent distribution by class of worker
Nonagricultural industries

Veteran status, presence of
disability, and period of service

Veterans, total²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

Total
Employed
(thousands)

Total

Agriculture
and
related
industries

Wage and salary workers¹
Total

Private
sector

Total

Selfemployed,
unincorpoGovernment
rated, and
unpaid
family
State and
Federal
workers
local

8,664
2,144
6,260

100.0
100.0
100.0

1.6
1.2
1.7

98.4
98.8
98.3

71.1
63.5
74.1

21.1
30.8
17.2

11.2
20.4
7.7

9.8
10.4
9.5

6.3
4.5
7.0

5,596
1,698
3,688

100.0
100.0
100.0

0.9
1.1
0.8

99.1
98.9
99.2

70.6
62.8
74.9

24.3
32.8
19.8

15.0
22.8
10.8

9.4
9.9
9.0

4.2
3.4
4.6

Gulf War era II²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

3,356
1,230
1,998

100.0
100.0
100.0

0.8
1.1
0.6

99.2
98.9
99.4

71.9
65.7
77.0

23.3
29.4
18.4

14.2
21.5
8.6

9.1
7.9
9.8

4.0
3.7
4.0

Gulf War era I²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

2,240
468
1,690

100.0
100.0
100.0

1.0
1.0
0.9

99.0
99.0
99.1

68.7
55.0
72.5

25.8
41.7
21.4

16.1
26.4
13.4

9.7
15.3
8.0

4.4
2.4
5.2

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

1,225
213
1,006

100.0
100.0
100.0

4.3
1.8
4.8

95.7
98.2
95.2

70.8
74.1
69.9

12.0
12.9
11.9

2.0
2.7
1.9

10.0
10.2
10.0

12.9
11.3
13.3

Other service periods²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

1,843
232
1,566

100.0
100.0
100.0

1.9
1.3
2.0

98.1
98.7
98.0

72.7
59.4
74.8

17.2
32.7
14.5

6.0
18.6
4.0

11.2
14.1
10.5

8.2
6.7
8.7

146,901

100.0

1.5

98.5

80.1

12.7

2.0

10.7

5.6

Gulf War era, total²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

Nonveterans

¹ Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
² Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:
Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one
period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.
Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a
health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is
determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this
release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no
data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2019, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard
status

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of
population

Percent of
labor
force

Total

Not in
labor
force

VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

7,419
2,476
4,731
212

5,832
2,029
3,623
181

78.6
81.9
76.6
85.2

5,596
1,934
3,481
181

75.4
78.1
73.6
85.2

236
95
141
0

4.1
4.7
3.9
0.0

1,587
447
1,108
32

4,411
1,451
2,821
138

3,520
1,232
2,172
115

79.8
84.9
77.0
83.3

3,356
1,162
2,079
115

76.1
80.0
73.7
83.3

164
71
93
0

4.7
5.7
4.3
0.0

891
219
649
23

3,008
1,024
1,910
74

2,313
796
1,451
66

76.9
77.8
76.0
-

2,240
772
1,403
66

74.5
75.4
73.4
-

72
24
48
0

3.1
3.1
3.3
-

695
228
459
8

Gulf War era II
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported
Gulf War era I
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The
Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)
and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include
Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans
supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where
base is less than 75,000).

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2019, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Period of service and location

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both¹
Served in Iraq²
Served in Afghanistan³
Served in both locations4
Served elsewhere

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

4,411
1,855
1,434
930
509
2,556

Employed
Total

3,520
1,433
1,117
727
411
2,086

Percent of
population

79.8
77.3
77.9
78.2
80.7
81.6

Total

3,356
1,369
1,062
700
394
1,987

Unemployed

Percent of
population
76.1
73.8
74.1
75.3
77.4
77.7

Number

164
64
54
27
17
100

Not in labor
force

Rate

4.7
4.5
4.9
3.7
4.1
4.8

891
422
317
203
98
470

¹ Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also
includes veterans who served in both countries.
² Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.
³ Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.
4
Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf
War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans
supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where
base is less than 75,000).