QID Vegetable Chemical Use Survey - CA 2020 Rev

2020 VEGETABLE CHEMICAL USE SURVEY
	OMB No. 0535-0218 Approval Expires: 05/31/2023 Project Code: 136 QID: 035219 SMetaKey: 2069
			NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Operations Division 9700 Page Avenue, Suite 400 St. Louis, MO 63132-1547 Phone: 1-888-424-7828 Fax: 1-855-415-3687 E-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov

	California Enterprise

VERSION 01

POID ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

SUBTRACT ___ ___

CONTACT RECORD
DATE	TIME	NOTES

INTRODUCTION:

[Introduce yourself, and ask for the operator. Rephrase in your own words.]

We are collecting information on chemical use and need your help to make the information as accurate as possible. The information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. Your responses will be kept confidential and any person who willfully discloses ANY identifiable information about you or your operation is subject to a jail term, a fine, or both. This survey is conducted in accordance with the Confidential Information Protection provisions of Title V, Subtitle A, Public Law 107-347 and other applicable Federal laws. For more information on how we protect your information please visit: https://www.nass.usda.gov/confidentiality. Response is voluntary. We encourage you to refer to your records during the interview.

According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0535-0218. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 60 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.

BEGINNING TIME [MILITARY]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	004 __ __ __ __
[Name, address and partners verified and updated if necessary.]

During the screening phase of the Vegetable Chemical Use Survey conducted in June and July, your operation was found to be growing or intending to grow vegetables this year. I now need to verify some of the information collected during the screening survey.

Verify operation name and operator on label and/or screener.

• If no changes, go to Section A, page 5.

• If changed, continue to “Change in Operating Status”.

CHANGE IN OPERATING STATUS

[ENUMERATOR NOTE: Skip this section if there is no change in operation name or operator.]
1. Has there been a change in operation name or operator?
NO - [Go to Enumerator Note below.]
YES - [Enter code 1, complete name and address information below for new operator, and read Enumerator Note.]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			CODE
			023
		Operation Name __________________________________
		Operator Name __________________________________
		Address ________________________________________
		________________________________________
		Phone ( ) ________________________________

[ENUMERATOR NOTE:

If the operation on the face page was in business part of the 2020 crop year, complete this questionnaire for the part of the year during which the operation did business, unless the operation has been taken over by a new operator. If the operator has changed midyear, please conduct this interview start to finish with the new operator after reading “Valid Substitution” rules in section 4 of the Interviewer’s Manual.]

2. Has the operation printed on this questionnaire been combined or merged with any other farming operations?

Yes - [Go to "Conclusion".]

No - [Continue.]

SCREENING

1. Did this operation have any of the target crops during the 2020 crop year?
YES - [Continue.]
NO - [Write notes explaining situation then go to “Conclusion” on back page.]
Notes: ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Are the day-to-day decisions for this operation (name on label) made by – [Check one.]
one individual? [Go to California Screening, page 4.]
a hired manager? [Go to California Screening, page 4.]
partners? [Continue with questions 3 and 4.]
3. How many individuals are involved in the day-to-day decisions of this operation? [Enter the number of partners, including the partner named on the label. Identify the other persons in this partnership below, then go to California Screening, page 4.] (Partners jointly operate land and share in decision making. Do not include landlords and tenants as partners.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
			NUMBER

4. Please identify the other person(s) in this partnership, then go to California Screening, page 4. [Verify partners’ names and make necessary corrections if names have already been entered.]
PARTNERS	POID__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __				PARTNERS	POID__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
PARTNER NAME					PARTNER NAME
ADDRESS					ADDRESS
CITY		STATE	ZIP		CITY		STATE	ZIP
PHONE NUMBER		Check if cell phone			PHONE NUMBER		Check if cell phone
PARTNERS	POID__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __				PARTNERS	POID__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
PARTNER NAME					PARTNER NAME
ADDRESS					ADDRESS
CITY		STATE	ZIP		CITY		STATE	ZIP
PHONE NUMBER		Check if cell phone			PHONE NUMBER		Check if cell phone

CALIFORNIA SCREENING

1. What ID (pesticide permit number) does this operation use for reporting pesticide applications on the target acres to the County Agricultural Commissioners?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

COUNTY

NUMBER

2. Is this ID used to report pesticide applications for any other operations?

YES - [Continue.]

NO - [Go to item 3.]

a. What other operation(s) is this ID used to report for?

Name________________________________________

Name__________________________________________

Address______________________________________

Address________________________________________

Phone ( ________________ Check if cell phone

Phone ( ) _______________ Check if cell phone

3. Does this operation use any OTHER ID’s to report pesticide applications on the target acres to the County Agricultural Commissioners?

YES - [Continue.]

NO - [Go to Section A.]

COUNTY

NUMBER

a. What are these other ID numbers?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

b. Do you use any of these ID’s to report pesticide applications for any other operation(s)?

YES - [Continue.]

NO - [Go to Section A.]

(i) What other operation(s) use this ID for reporting? [Identify operation and ID.]

Name________________________________________

Name__________________________________________

Reporting ID____________________________________

Reporting ID____________________________________

Address______________________________________

Address________________________________________

Phone ( ) ________________ Check if cell phone

Phone ( ) ________________ Check if cell phone

A

LAND OPERATED

A

ACRES OPERATED
[Enumerator Action: If acreage on the insert is verified as correct, enter code 1 in box 801, then skip to Section B. If acreage has changed, ask ALL questions.]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	801

Now I would like to ask about the total acres operated under this land arrangement.
1. How many acres does this operation---
	ACRES
a. Own?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +	901	. ___
b. Rent or lease from others or use rent free? (Exclude land used on an animal unit month (AUM) basis.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +	902	. ___
c. Rent to others?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -	905	. ___
2. [Calculate item 1a + 1b - 1c.] Then the total acres operated are:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =	900 . ___
a. Does this include the farmstead, all cropland, woodland, pasture land, wasteland, and government program land? YES - [Continue.] NO - [Make corrections, then continue.]
The remaining questions in this survey refer to these [item 2] acres.
3. Of the total acres operated, how many acres are considered cropland, including land in hay, summer fallow, cropland idle, cropland used for pasture and cropland in government programs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	802	.___
4. Of the total acres operated, how many acres are vegetables? (Include both target and non-target vegetables planted on the operation.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	803 . ___

B

VEGETABLE ACREAGE

B

1. What target VEGETABLE crops were on these [Section A, item 2] acres during the 2020 crop year? (Exclude new plantings of vegetables not intended for harvest in 2020.)
[Enumerator Note: If no target acreage is present, write notes and skip to “Conclusion” on back page										OFFICE USE LINES IN TABLE	TABLE 001				199
	1		2			3	4			5		6					7
L I N E						How many acres of [crop] did this operation have?	Were any commercial fertilizers applied to this crop?			Were any herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc. applied to this crop?		On what date did you complete harvest of your 2017 crop year on these [crop] acres?					On what date did you complete harvest of your 2020 crop year [crop]?
	CROP		CROP CODE			ACRES	[YES = 1]			[YES = 1]		MM DD YY					MM DD YY
01						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
02						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
03						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
04						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
05						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
06						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
07						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
08						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
09						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
10						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
11						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
12						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
13						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
14						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
15						11 . ___	12			13		14					15
CALIFORNIA – CROP CODES
701		ASPARAGUS		714	CAULIFLOWER				LETTUCE				759	SPINACH
613		BEANS, SNAP		715	CELERY			725	HEAD				742	SQUASH
705		BROCCOLI		766	CORN, SWEET			728	OTHER				748	STRAWBERRIES
808		CABBAGE		798	CUCUMBERS			824	ONIONS				770	TOMATOES
709		CANTALOUPES		723	GARLIC			736	PEPPERS, BELL				752	WATERMELONS
632		CARROTS		730	HONEYDEW			738	PUMPKINS

L I N E	CAL – EPA SITE LOCATION NUMBER (If Required)
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
INCLUDES AND EXCLUDES
INCLUDE: TARGET CROPS ONLY All acreage equal to or greater than one tenth of an acre. All acreage for processing or fresh market. All acreage for roadside stands, farmer’s markets or U-pick sales. Acreage not harvested due to weather, economic or other reasons. Crops planted in the fall of 2017 if they were part of the 2020 crop. Double Cropping.					EXCLUDE: ALL CROPS GROWN IN ANOTHER STATE. All crops grown in greenhouses and hothouses. All vegetables grown for commercial transplanting. HOME GARDEN vegetable acreage. All mushrooms, potatoes, sweetpotatoes, dry beans. All vegetable acres grown by institutional, experimental, research and university farms. Non-target vegetables.

E

PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

E

Now I have some questions about pest management practices you may have used on any of the total vegetable acres on this operation. (Include both target and non-target vegetable crops grown.) By pests, we mean insects, weeds, and diseases.

[Enumerator Action: Were PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS reported in Section B, column 5 on page 6?]
YES - [Continue.]	No - [Go to item 4.]
1. Was weather data used to assist in determining either the need or when to make pesticide applications?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .			CODE
		YES = 1	600
2. Were any biological pesticides such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), insect growth regulators (Courier, intrepid, etc.), neem or other natural/biological based products sprayed or applied to manage pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
		YES = 1	601
3. Were pesticides with different mechanisms of action rotated or tank mixed for the primary purpose of keeping pests from becoming resistant to pesticides?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
		YES = 1	602

4. In 2020, how were your vegetable acres primarily scouted for insects, weeds, diseases and/or beneficial organisms?. . . . . . . . .	1 By deliberately going to the vegetable acres specifically for scouting activities. (Enter code 1 and go to item 5.) 2 By conducting general observations while performing routine tasks. (Enter code 2 and go to item 7.) 3 The vegetable acres were not scouted. (Enter code 3 and go to item 10.)	. . . . . . . . . . . . .
			608

5. Was an established scouting process used (systemic sampling, recording counts, insect traps, etc.) on any vegetable acres?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	YES = 1	609
6. Was scouting for pests done on these vegetable acres due to---
a. a pest advisory warning?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	YES = 1	610
b. a pest development model?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	YES = 1	611

1		2
7. Were your vegetable acres scouted for –--		[If column 1 is YES, ask---] Who did the majority of the scouting for [column 1]— 1 Operator, partner or family member 2 An employee 3 Farm supply or chemical dealer 4 Independent crop consultant or commercial scout 5 Processor 6 Other (specify: __________________________ )
	YES = 1	CODE
a. weeds?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	612	614
b. insects and mites?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	615	617
c. disease?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	618	620

E

PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

E

8. Were written or electronic records kept to track the activity or numbers of weeds, insects or diseases?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .										CODE
									YES = 1	623
9. Was scouting data compared to published information on infestation thresholds to determine when to take measures to manage pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
									YES = 1	624
10. Was field mapping data used for making pest management decisions?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	625
11. Were the services of a diagnostic laboratory used for pest identification or soil or plant tissue pest analysis?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
									YES = 1	626
12. Were crop residues plowed down or removed to manage pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	627
13. Were crops rotated during the past three years for the purpose of managing pests?. . . . . . .									YES = 1	628
14. Were ground covers, mulches, or other physical barriers maintained to manage pest problems?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
									YES = 1	629
15. Was a crop variety chosen because it had resistance to a specific pest?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	630
16. Was no-till or minimum till used to manage pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	631
17. Were planting locations planned to avoid infestation of pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	632
18. Were planting or harvesting dates adjusted to manage pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	633
19. Were row spacing or plant density adjusted to manage pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	634
20. Was a trap crop grown to help manage insects?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	635
21. Were any beneficial organisms (insects, nematodes, fungi) applied or released to manage pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
									YES = 1	636
22. Were floral lures, attractants, repellants, pheromone traps or other biological pest controls used on any vegetable acres?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
									YES = 1	637
23. Were any vegetable acres cultivated for weed control during the growing season?. . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	640
24 Were field edges, lanes, ditches, roadways or fence lines chopped, mowed, plowed, or burned to manage pests on any vegetable acres?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
									YES = 1	642
25 Were equipment and implements cleaned after completing field work to reduce the spread of pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
									YES = 1	643
26. Were any vegetable acres irrigated for the 2020 crops?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .									YES = 1	644
a. [If item 26 = YES, ask---] Were water management practices (excluding chemigation) such as irrigation scheduling, controlled drainage, or treatment of retention water used to manage pests?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
									YES = 1	645
	COMPLETION CODE for FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS						COMPLETION CODE for PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
	1 Incomp/R 3 Valid Zero	200					1 Incomp/R	500

E-1 PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES E-1

Enumerator Note: For the remaining questions, primary target crop is defined as the largest target crop by acres planted for harvest in 2020, as reported in Section B, Question 1.

The primary target crop on this operation is: crop / crop code.

E-1 PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES E-1

1. Were any of the following pesticide spraying practices or activities used on this operation for [insert primary target crop] in 2020? Pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, bactericides, nematicides, and plant growth regulators (PGR).

		1	2	3	4
Pesticide Spraying Practice or Activity		Was this used in 2020?	Was it specifically used to keep pesticide application(s) on target (i.e., reduce pesticide drift)?	[Complete column for every Yes in Column 1.] Considering labor, training, capital expenditures, and other costs, how easy or difficult was it to implement this practice or activity?	[Complete column for every No in Column 1.] Why was this practice or activity not used? List all that apply.
		1 Yes 3 No 99 Don't Know	1 Yes 3 No 99 Don't Know	Very Easy Somewhat Easy Somewhat Difficult Very Difficult	Cost of labor/training Cost of associated equipment/products Incompatible with current production practices (e.g., topography, equipment limitations) General time management issue/too busy Unfamiliar with activity or practice Other, specify:
a. Altering spray time(s) depending on weather conditions (e.g., wind speed, wind direction)		5170	5171	5172	5173 5174 Specify:
b. Calibrate sprayer before the season		5190	5191	5192	5193 5194 Specify:
c. Calibrate sprayer during the season		5195	5196	5197	5198 5199 Specify:
d. Manually altering sprayer settings to improve the spray precision (e.g., altering spray pressure, ground speed, and/or boom height)		5200	5201	5202	5203 5204 Specify:
e. Electronic eye/infra-red		5165	5166	5167	5168
or other sensor-based					5169
technology (e.g., sonar)					Specify:
f. Other technologies to improve the spray precision (e.g., on/off nozzle spray technology, GPS technology, variable-rate technology)		5205	5206	5207	5208 5209 Specify:
g. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) (e.g., Aim Command, Raven's Hawk Eye, John Deere's Exact Apply)		5215	5216	5217	5218 5219 Specify:
h.	Other - Specify:	5220	5221	5222	5223
	5225				5224
					Specify:

E-1 PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES E-1

2. Which of the following spraying practices resulted in a sprayer re-calibration for [insert primary target crop] in 2020? Check all that apply.

⁵²⁶¹ Computer calibration alert system

⁵²⁶² Change in product being applied

⁵²⁶³ Observed change in spray pattern (e.g., from worn nozzles)

⁵²⁶⁴ Scheduled calibration (e.g., daily, monthly, annually)

⁵²⁶⁵ When moving to a different block or crop

⁵²⁶⁶ Other, specify: ^{5268 5267} None of the above

3. Excluding application of herbicides, which of the following methods of spraying did this operation use to apply insecticide/ fungicide/bactericides/nematicides/plant growth regulator for [insert primary target crop] in 2020? Check all that apply.

5405	Ground boom sprayer(s)
5406	Aerial application(s)
5407	Spot treatments (e.g., backpack sprayers)
5410	Chemigation (such as through drip irrigation or micro-sprinklers)
xxxx	Air blast / Air-assisted sprayer(s)
5413	Other, specify: 5400

4. Pre-emergence pesticide applications are pesticides that are applied both prior to planting and/or before the emergence of the vegetables for early-season pest management. Pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, bactericides, nematicides, and plant growth regulators (PGR). Did this operation make any pre-emergence pesticide applications using air blast sprayer and/or ground boom sprayers for [insert primary target crop] in 2020?

0000

0000

0000

Yes, made pre-emergence pesticide applications using air blast / air-assisted sprayer(s) - Complete Column 1 Yes, made pre-emergence pesticide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete Column 2

No, did not make pre-emergence pesticide applications - Go to item 5

1. What pesticide type(s) were used in this [insert

systems type] pre-emergence in 2020? Check all that apply.

2. What is the typical spray volume, in Gallons per Acre (GPA), for pesticide applications pre-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

3. What is the typical operating pressure, in PSI, for pesticide applications pre-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

4. What is the typical nozzle used when spraying pesticide applications pre-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

5. What is the typical ground speed when spraying pesticide applications pre-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

6. What is the typical boom height above the ground when spraying pesticide applications pre-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

1

For Air blast / Air-assisted sprayer(s)

systems

⁵⁴²⁰ Insecticides

⁵⁴²¹ Fungicides

⁵⁴²² Herbicides

⁵⁴²³ Bactericides

xxxx Nematicides

⁵⁴²⁴ Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)

⁵⁴²⁵ Other: specify: ⁵⁴²⁶

5434

1 ^{Less than 25 GPA}

2 ^{25 to <50 GPA}

3 ^{50 to <75 GPA}

4 ^{75 to <100 GPA}

5 ^{100 to <200 GPA}

6 ^{200 or greater GPA}

99 ^{Don't Know}

5436

1 ^{Less than 50 PSI}

2 ^{50 to <75 PSI}

3 ^{75 to <100 PSI}

4 ^{100 to <150 PSI}

5 ^{150 to <200 PSI}

6 ^{200 or greater PSI}

99 ^{Don't Know}

1 Hollow Cone

2 Full Cone

3 Disc/Core Nozzle

4 Flat fan

5 Air-inclusion (AI) Air-induction

6 Other, specify: xxxx_____________

99 Don’t Know

5440

1 ^{Less than 1 mph}

2 ^{1 to <2 mph}

3 ^{2 to <3 mph}

4 ^{3 to <4 mph}

5 ^{4 to <5 mph}

6 ^{5 mph or greater}

99 ^{Don't Know}

1 <24 inches

2 24 to <36 inches

3 36 inches or greater

4 Don’t know

2

For Ground Boom systems

⁵⁴²⁷ Insecticides

⁵⁴²⁸ Fungicides

⁵⁴²⁹ Herbicides

⁵⁴³⁰ Bactericides

Xxxx Nematicides

⁵⁴³¹ Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)

⁵⁴³² Other: specify: ⁵⁴³³

5435

1 ^{Less than 5 GPA}

2 ^{5 to <7.5 GPA}

3 ^{7.5 to <10 GPA}

4 ^{10 to <15 GPA}

5 ^{15 to <20 GPA}

6 ^{20 to <25 GPA}

7 ^{25 or greater GPA}

99 ^{Don't Know}

5437

1 ^{Less than 10 PSI}

2 ^{10 to <20 PSI}

3 ^{20 to <30 PSI}

4 ^{30 to <40 PSI}

5 ^{40 to <50 PSI}

6 ^{50 to <60 PSI}

7 ^{60 to <70 PSI}

8 ^{70 to <80 PSI}

9 ^{80 to <90 PSI}

10 ^{90 PSI or greater}

99 ^{Don't know}

5438

1 ^{Hollow Cone}

2 ^{Full Cone}

3 ^{Disc/Core Nozzle}

4 ^{Flat fan}

5 ^{Air-inclusion (Al)/Air-induction/Venturi}

6 ^{Other, specify: 5439}

99 ^{Don't Know}

5441

1 ^{Less than 1 mph}

2 ^{1 to <2 mph}

3 ^{2 to <3 mph}

4 ^{3 to <4 mph}

5 ^{4 to <5 mph}

6 ^{5 to <6 mph}

7 ^{6 to <7 mph}

8 ^{7 mph or greater}

99 ^{Don't know}

5442

1 ^{<24 inches}

2 ^{24 to <36 inches}

3 ^{36 inches or greater}

99 ^{Don't know}

19

E-1 PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES E-1

7. What is the typical target droplet size spectrum for pesticide applications pre-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

8. For which of the following reasons did this operation change the airspeed (in revolutions per minute, or RPM) pre-emergence in 2020? Check all that apply.

For Air blast / Air-as¹sisted sprayer(s) systems

5443

1 ^{Less than 106 microns (Extremely} Fine or Very Fine)

2 ^{106-235 microns (Fine)}

3 ^{236-340 microns (Medium)}

4 ^{341-403 microns (Coarse)}

5 ^{404-502 microns (Very Coarse)}

6 ^{503-665 microns (Extremely} Coarse)

7 ^{Greater than 665 microns (Ultra} Coarse)

99 ^{Don't Know}

⁵⁴⁴⁵ Crop stage

⁵⁴⁴⁶ Change of product(s)

⁵⁴⁴⁷ Use of specialty Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) applications (e.g., for thinning or fruit finish)

⁵⁴⁴⁸ Moving between blocks

⁵⁴⁴⁹ Wind speed or wind direction

⁵⁴⁵⁰ Other, specify:⁵⁴⁵¹

⁵⁴⁵² Never

2

For Ground Boom systems

5444

1 ^{Less than 106 microns (Extremely} Fine or Very Fine)

2 ^{106-235 microns (Fine)}

3 ^{236-340 microns (Medium)}

4 ^{341-403 microns (Coarse)}

5 ^{404-502 microns (Very Coarse)}

6 ^{503-665 microns (Extremely} Coarse)

7 ^{Greater than 665 microns (Ultra} Coarse)

99 ^{Don't Know}

9. Which of the following practices were used pre-emergence in 2020? Check all that apply.

5453 Drift reducing adjuvant(s)

5454 Drift reducing nozzle(s)

5454 Shielded sprayers

Xxxx Don’t know

5453

5454

5455

0000

Drift reducing adjuvant(s) Drift reducing nozzle(s) Shielded sprayers

Don't know

5. Post-emergence pesticide applications are made to control pests that occur after emergence of the vegetables.

Pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, bactericides, nematicides, and plant growth regulators (PGR). Did this operation make any post-emergence pesticide applications using air blast sprayers and/or ground boom sprayers for [insert primary target crop] in 2020?

-------------

For vegetables, copy the response options into this column for air-blast too.

5241

5240

5242

Yes, made post-emergence pesticide applications using air-assisted sprayer(s) - Complete Column 1 Yes, made post-emergence pesticide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete Column 2 No, did not make post-emergence pesticide applications - Go to item 6

For Air blast / systems

1

Air-assisted

sprayer(s)

2

For Ground Boom systems

A. What pesticide type(s) were used in this [insert

systems type] post-emergence in 2020? Check all that apply.

B. What is the typical spray volume, in Gallons per Acre (GPA), for pesticide applications post-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

C. What is the typical operating pressure, in PSI, for pesticide applications post-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

D. What is the typical nozzle used when spraying herbicide applications post-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

E. What is the typical ground speed when spraying pesticide applications post emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

1

2

3

4

F. What is the typical boom height above the ground or plant canopy when spraying herbicide applications post-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

5420

5421

5422

xxxx

5423

5424

5425

5434

1

2

3

4

5

6

99

5436

1

2

3

4

5

6

99

1

2

3

4

5

6

99

5440

1

2

3

4

5

6

99

Insecticides Fungicides Herbicides Bactericides

Nematicides

Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) Other: specify: ⁵⁴²⁶

Less than 25 GPA 25 to <50 GPA

50 to <75 GPA

75 to <100 GPA

100 to <200 GPA

200 or greater GPA Don't Know

Less than 50 PSI 50 to <75 PSI

75 to <100 PSI

100 to <150 PSI

150 to <200 PSI

200 or greater PSI Don't Know

Hollow Cone

Full Cone

Disc/Core Nozzle

Flat fan

Air-inclusion (Al)/Air-induction/Venture

Other, specify: xxxx_________

Don’t Know

Less than 1 mph 1 to <2 mph

2. to <3 mph

3. to <4 mph

4. to <5 mph

5. mph or greater Don't Know

< 24 inches

24 to <36 inches

36 inches or greater

Don’t know

5427

5428

5429

5430

xxxx 5431

5432

5435

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

99

5437

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

99

5438

1

2

3

4

5

6

99

5441

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

99

5442

1

2

3

99

Insecticides Fungicides Herbicides Bactericides

Nematicides

Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) Other: specify: ⁵⁴³³

Less than 5 GPA 5 to <7.5 GPA

7.5 to <10 GPA 10 to <15 GPA 15 to <20 GPA 20 to <25 GPA

25 or greater GPA Don't Know

Less than 10 PSI 10 to <20 PSI

20 to <30 PSI

30 to <40 PSI

40 to <50 PSI

50 to <60 PSI

60 to <70 PSI

70 to <80 PSI

80 to <90 PSI

90 PSI or greater Don't know

Hollow Cone Full Cone

Disc/Core Nozzle Flat fan

Air-inclusion (Al)/Air-induction/Venturi Other, specify: ⁵⁴³⁹ Don't Know

Less than 1 mph 1 to <2 mph

2. to <3 mph

3. to <4 mph

4. to <5 mph

5. to <6 mph

6. to <7 mph

7. mph or greater Don't know

<24 inches

24 to <36 inches

36 inches or greater Don't know

For Air Blast / Air-as¹sisted sprayer(s)

systems

5443

2

For Ground Boom systems

5444

G. What is the typical target droplet size spectrum for pesticide applications post-emergence in 2020? Select one item only.

H. For which of the following reasons did this operation change the airspeed (in revolutions per minute, or RPM) post-emergence in 2020? Check all that apply.

10. Which of the following practices were used post-emergence in 2020? Check all that apply.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

99

5445

5446

5447

5448

5449

5450

5453 Drift reducing adjuvant(s)

5454 Drift reducing nozzle(s)

5455 Shielded sprayers

xxxx Don’t Know

5452

Less than 106 microns (Extremely Fine or Very Fine)

106-235 microns (Fine)

236-340 microns (Medium)

341-403 microns (Coarse)

404-502 microns (Very Coarse) 503-665 microns (Extremely Coarse)

Greater than 665 microns (Ultra Coarse)

Don't Know

Crop stage

Change of product(s)

Use of specialty Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) applications (e.g., for thinning or fruit finish) Moving between blocks

Wind speed or wind direction Other, specify:⁵⁴⁵¹ Never

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

99

5453

5454

5455

0000

Less than 106 microns (Extremely Fine or Very Fine)

106-235 microns (Fine)

236-340 microns (Medium)

341-403 microns (Coarse)

404-502 microns (Very Coarse) 503-665 microns (Extremely Coarse)

Greater than 665 microns (Ultra Coarse)

Don't Know

Drift reducing adjuvant(s) Drift reducing nozzle(s) Shielded sprayers

Don't know

6.Now we are going to ask a few questions about spray equipment maintenance in 2020.

a. How often did this operation clean the system(s) in 2020? Check all that apply. [If the never box is checked for Item 5464 in Column 1 or 5276 in Column 2, then skip item 25b and go to 25c; otherwise go to 24b.]	1 For Air Blast / Air-assisted systems	2 For Ground Boom systems
	5457 Before the season 5458 After the season 5459 Depended on the product(s) 5460 When switching from USDA certified organic to conventional blocks 5461 Regularly scheduled cleaning 5432 Other: specify: 5463 5464 Never	5271 Before the season 5272 After the season 5273 Depended on the product(s) 5278 When switching from USDA certified organic to conventional blocks 5274 Regularly scheduled cleaning 5275 Other: specify: 5277 5276 Never
b. For each time that the system(s) was cleaned, how often was a tank cleaner used?	5473 1 Always (100%) 2 Often (51% or more) 3 Sometimes (50% or less) 4 Never (0%) 99 Don't know	5279 1 Always (100%) 2 Often (51% or more) 3 Sometimes (50% or less) 4 Never (0%) 99 Don't know
c. Did this operation use separate spray rigs for herbicides	Yes No Don’t Know
d. What were the most common reasons for replacing the nozzles on the sprayers in 2020? Check all that apply.	5481 Regularly scheduled calendar based replacement (i.e., annually, twice annually, monthly, etc.) 5482 Regularly scheduled replacement based on operating time (I.e., sprayer operating hours) 5483 Sporadic replacement based on area covered or general intuition (i.e., it feels like the right time to change nozzles) 5484 Calibration problems (i.e., too high or too low a flow rate) 5485 Observed nozzle damage (e.g., change in spray pattern or leaks) 5486 Availability of new nozzle technologies 5487 Expert and/or consultant recommendations (e.g., Cooperative Extension, crop consultants, etc.) 5488 Other, please specify: 5480 5489 None of the above	5491 Regularly scheduled calendar based replacement (i.e., annually, twice annually, monthly, etc.) 5492 Regularly scheduled replacement based on operating time (I.e., sprayer operating hours) 5493 Sporadic replacement based on area covered or general intuition (i.e., it feels like the right time to change nozzles) 5494 Calibration problems (i.e., too high or too low a flow rate) 5495 Observed nozzle damage (e.g., change in spray pattern or leaks) 5496 Availability of new nozzle technologies 5497 Expert and/or consultant recommendations (e.g., Cooperative Extension, crop consultants, etc.) 5498 Other, please specify: 5490 5499 None of the above

7.On what proportion of fields did this operation wind-breaking structures, such as hedge rows, that are at least one and a half times the height of the crop canopy in 2020?

1	0%	2	1% to 25%	3	26% to 50%
4	51% to 75%	5	76% to 100%	99	Don't know

5300

8.How often were the following sources of information used to inform pest management decisions in 2020?

Sources		of	Information	1 How often was this source of information used? Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know Code
a. Pesticide product labels...........................................................				5301
b. University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension resources/recommendations...................................................				5303
c. Non-university literature, such as trade magazines, catalogues,newspapers, etc....................				5305
d. Commodity/trade groups..........................................................				5307
e. Pesticide sales representatives and/or farm supply distributors...............................................................................				5309
f. Independent crop consultants paid for by the operation.........				5311
g. Crop consultants employed by pesticide companies or other distributors.......................................................................................				xxxx
h. Other grower(s). 5				..3.1..3..
i. Commercial or other non-university decision tools.........................				5315
j. Weather forecasting tools.........................................................				5317
k.	Other, Specify:5319	..........		5320

9.[If 8b, column 1 equals 1, 2, 3, ask--] Which of the following types of services offered by the University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension were most often used as sources of pest management decisions in 2020?

University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension Services .......	How often was this source of information used? Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know ... Code
....... a. Formal presentations (e.g., annual meetings, educational trainings)....	.5..322
....... b. Field days/demonstration workshops....................................................	.5..323
....... c. Farm visits and/or one-on-one consultation..........................................	.5..324
....... d. Email lists..............................................................................................	.5..325
...... e. Newsletters and blogs...............................................................................	..5.3. 26
....... f. Crop and/or Pest Protection Handbook.................................................	..5.3.27
...... g. Other publications (e.g., fact sheets)....................................................	..5.3. 28
...... h. Decision tools........................................................................................	..5.3. 29
i. Other, Specify:5330 .............................	5331

resistance in 2020?

		Only complete if operation uses herbicides	Only complete if operation uses fungicides	Only complete if operation uses insecticides
Practice to Manage Resistance for Herbicide, Fungicide and Insecticide		How often was each practice used on this operation to manage herbicide resistance?	How often was each practice used on this operation to manage fungicide resistance?	How often was each practice used on this operation to manage insecticide resistance?
		Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know	Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know	Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know
a. Scouting........................................................		5510	5511	5512
b. Field mapping weeds and/or keeping records of field history and pesticide use to assist pesticide decisions..............................		5332	5333	5334
c. Field Management/Sanitation Practices.......
i. For weed control (e.g., managing weeds in field borders, tillage, preventing field-to-field and within field movement of weed seed).......................		5335
ii. For disease control (e.g., removing or incorporating unharvested material, cleaning transplant trays, sanitizing process or wash water)			5336
iii. For insect control (e.g., removing or incorporating unharvested vegetables and/or other field litter).............................				5337
d. Planting disease-resistant cultivars and/or rootstock.......................................................			5338
e. Use of pest diagnostic tools (e.g., Integrated Pest Management (IPM) treatment thresholds, predictive weather models (e.g., degree day models), pest forecasting systems, and/or assistance from diagnostic networks).............................			5342	5343
f. Pesticide Mode of Action (MOA) rotation......		5344	5345	5346
g. Pesticide Mode of Action (MOA) combination (i.e., tank mix or pre-mix product).........................................................		5347	5348	5349
h.	Rotating crops	0000	0000	0000

11. In an effort to reduce off-target impacts to plants, pollinators, and/or beneficial insects, did this operation communicate with or consult any of the following sources in 2020? Check all that apply.

⁵³⁵¹ Neighboring crop producers

⁵³⁵² Nearby beekeepers

⁵³⁵³ A local expert, such as an Agricultural Cooperative Extension agent

⁵³⁵⁴ State managed pollinator protection plans, or MP3s (MP3s are state-developed efforts that intend to reduce pesticide exposure through timely communication and coordination among beekeeper growers, pesticide applicators, and landowners)

⁵³⁵⁵ Driftwatch - Driftwatch is a voluntary communication tool that enables crop producers, beekeeper and pesticide applicators to work together to protect crops and apiaries through the use of mapping programs.

⁵³⁵⁶ Other communication tool(s), Specify: ^{5358 5357} Other, Specify:⁵³⁵⁹

12. How often were the following Best Management Practice (BMPs) used during the season in 2020?

		1	2
Best Management Practices		How often was this practice used? Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know	[Only answer if column 1 = 1, 2, or 3] Was this practice specifically used to prevent exposure to bees? Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know
a.	Avoid crop bloom time applications.....................................	5520	5521
b.	Make applications when temperatures are below 50°F...........................................................................	5522	5523
c. Maintain buffer between known beehive locations.....		5524	5525
d.	Select pesticides that have the lowest residual toxicity to bees...........................................................	5526	5527
e.	Use alternative application methods of an active ingredient to prevent bee exposure (e.g., non-foliar applications when bees are foraging).........................	5528	5529
f.	Avoid applications when dew is forecast....................	5530	5531
g.	Manage blooming plants on the orchard floor before applying pesticides that are acutely toxic to bees (e.g., mowing)............................................................	5532	5533
h.	Make application(s) at nighttime or no more than two hours prior to sunset............................................	5534	5535
i.	Other, Specify:5536 ....	5537	5538

13.Which of the following auditing systems, if any, did this operation participate in during 2020? Check all that apply.

⁵³⁶¹ GLOBAL G.A.P.

⁵³⁶² State Quality Food (SQF) Program

⁵³⁶³ Other, Specify:⁵³⁶⁵

⁵³⁶⁴ The operation did not participate in an auditing system

⁵³⁶⁹ Don't know

CONCLUSION

SURVEY RESULTS
1. To receive the complete results of this survey on the release date, go to http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/

To have a brief summary emailed to you at a later date, please enter your email address.

1095

Would you rather have a brief summary mailed to you at a later date?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		CODE
	YES = 1	9990
[Thank the respondent, then review this questionnaire.]
ENDING TIME [MILITARY]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		005 ___ ___ ___ ___
		OFFICE USE TIME IN HOURS
		006 . ___

RECORD USE		CODE
Did respondent use operation records to report pesticide data?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	YES = 1	064

SUPPLEMENT USE
Record the total number of supplements used to complete this interview.	NUMBER
Fertilizer Supplements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	067

Operation Email: (if different from above) Operation Phone

9937

9936

Check if cell phone

Reported by: ________________________________	9910 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ M M D D Y Y	9911 Telephone: ________________________

OFFICE USE

R. Unit

Ptr 1 Str

Ptr 2 Str

Ptr 3 Str

Ptr 4 Str

OPS

SSO 1

ADJ

Optional Use

9921

9922

9923

9927

9928

923

9907

922

9906

9916

Response

Respondent

Mode

Enum.

POID

1-Comp 2-R 3-Inac 4-Office Hold

9901

1-Op/Mgr 2-Sp 3-Acct/Bkpr 4-Partner 9-Other

9902

2-PATI (tel) 3-PAPI (Face-to- Face)

9903

9998

9989  ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Eval.

Change

9900

9985