GSS InfoBrief, March 2020

March 2020

NSF 20-312

Graduate Enrollment in Science,
Engineering, and Health Rose 3% in 2018
by Michael Yamaner and Caren A. Arbeit1

T

 he number of graduate students
enrolled in science, engineering, and
health (SEH) programs at U.S. academic
institutions rose by 3% between 2017
and 2018, growing to 668,307. Of the
2018 students, 36% were in full-time
doctoral programs and 37% were in
full-time master’s programs (figure 1).

The increase in overall enrollment
was driven by increases in part-time
master’s, full-time doctoral, and fulltime master’s students (increases
of 9,082, 7,119, and 3,542 students,
respectively). Part-time doctoral
enrollment declined by 548 students
(figure 2, table 1, and table 2).

These and other findings are from the
2018 Survey of Graduate Students
and Postdoctorates in Science and
Engineering (GSS). Data from the
GSS provide insight into the composition of the current and future science
and engineering (S&E) workforce by
collecting data on doctorate-holding
nonfaculty researchers (NFRs), postdoctoral appointees (postdocs), and
graduate students in SEH fields. Beginning in 2017, the GSS started collecting
information on master’s and doctoral
students separately in order to look at
differences in enrollment patterns and
financial support. This 2018 report is
the first to show trend data by graduate
degree type. The GSS is sponsored by
the National Center for Science and
Engineering Statistics (NCSES) within
the National Science Foundation (NSF)
and by the National Institutes of Health
(NIH).

FIGURE 1. Enrollment, by degree level and enrollment intensity: 2018

Full-time master's, 248,552

Full-time doctoral, 242,897

Doctoral Degree Enrollment
Counts of doctoral students receiving
training in SEH are a key indicator of
the vitality of the research and development enterprise in the United States.
Between 2017 and 2018, doctoral
program enrollment increased by 6,571
students, or 2%. This includes a 3%
increase in the number of full-time
doctoral students but also a 2% decline
in part-time doctoral students (table 1).

Part-time doctoral, 34,199
Part-time master's, 142,659

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and
Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2018.

National Science Foundation

g

Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences

g

https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/

FIGURE 2. Enrollment, by degree level and enrollment intensity: 2017–18
Percent change
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2

All graduate students

Part-time master's

Full-time master's

Part-time doctoral

Full-time doctoral

Degree level
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.

Data on the doctoral enrollment population provide information on the demographic composition of the students,
their fields of study, and changes
over time. Between 2017 and 2018,
doctoral enrollment increased by 2,706
students (2%) among U.S. citizens and
permanent residents and increased by
3,865 students (4%) among temporary
visa holders. In 2018, 88% of doctoral
students were enrolled full-time (table 1).
Doctoral enrollment for several
historically underrepresented groups
also grew between 2017 and 2018.
Specifically, doctoral enrollment among
women grew at more than twice the rate
of male enrollment (4% vs. 2%). Also,
doctoral enrollment among Hispanics
or Latinos and among blacks or African
Americans grew by 8% and 6%, respectively, compared to an increase of less
than 1% among whites (table 1).

2 InfoBrief

g

NSF 20-312

Across the SEH fields of study, fulltime doctoral enrollment rose in 20
of the 22 fields of study between 2017
and 2018. Computer and information
sciences had the largest increase in fulltime students, rising by 1,710 students
(14%), while the field of psychology
and the field of engineering mechanics,
physics, and science saw the only
declines in full-time enrollment, falling
by 79 students (-1%) and 37 students
(-3%), respectively. Part-time doctoral
enrollment fell in 13 of the 22 fields.
Physical sciences saw the largest
decline in part-time doctoral students,
falling by 263 (-11%), and other health
saw the largest increase, rising by 178
part-time students (6%) (table 1).

Master’s Degree Enrollment
Master’s degree holders are an essential part of the highly skilled S&E
workforce, with nearly one-quarter of

non-academic S&E workers holding a
master’s degree (24%).2 Between 2017
and 2018, enrollment in master’s degree
programs grew by 12,624 students
(3%). This includes a rise in both
full- and part-time enrollment, which
increased by 3,542 students (1%) and
9,082 students (7%), respectively. In
2018, 64% of master’s students were
enrolled full time (table 2).
Between 2017 and 2018, enrollment
in SEH master’s programs among
U.S. citizens and permanent residents
increased by 19,394 students (8%),
which included an increase of 8,212
enrolled full time (6%) and an increase
of 11,182 enrolled part time (10%).
Overall, there was a 5% decline in
temporary visa holders (6,770 students)
enrolled in master’s-level SEH
programs (table 2).

TABLE 1. Doctoral enrollment by enrollment status, sex, citizenship, ethnicity, race, and selected fields: 2017–18
All
Characteristic
All surveyed fields
Male
Female

U.S. citizens and permanent residentsa
Male
Female
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown race and ethnicity

2018

Full time
2017
2018

Part time
2017
2018

Percent change
All Full time Part time

270,525
155,699
114,826

277,096
158,019
119,077

235,778
136,596
99,182

242,897
139,257
103,640

34,747
19,103
15,644

34,199
18,762
15,437

2.4
1.5
3.7

3.0
1.9
4.5

-1.6
-1.8
-1.3

164,585
86,517
78,068
14,999

167,291
86,601
80,690
16,161

139,077
73,517
65,560
12,935

142,158
73,849
68,309
14,009

25,508
13,000
12,508
2,064

25,133
12,752
12,381
2,152

1.6
0.1
3.4
7.7

2.2
0.5
4.2
8.3

-1.5
-1.9
-1.0
4.3

714
15,952
9,483
235
109,271
5,420

713
16,750
10,065
233
109,725
5,744

546
13,992
7,343
190
92,215
4,816

580
14,789
7,866
189
93,243
5,047

168
1,960
2,140
45
17,056
604

133
1,961
2,199
44
16,482
697

-0.1
5.0
6.1
-0.9
0.4
6.0

6.2
5.7
7.1
-0.5
1.1
4.8

-20.8
0.1
2.8
-2.2
-3.4
15.4

Temporary visa holders
Male
Female

8,511

7,900

7,040

6,435

1,471

1,465

-7.2

-8.6

-0.4

105,940
69,182
36,758

109,805
71,418
38,387

96,701
63,079
33,622

100,739
65,408
35,331

9,239
6,103
3,136

9,066
6,010
3,056

3.6
3.2
4.4

4.2
3.7
5.1

-1.9
-1.5
-2.6

Science and engineering

255,224

261,165

224,695

231,297

30,529

29,868

2.3

2.9

-2.2

186,399
3,744
51,291
14,291

190,928
3,880
52,627
16,127

165,120
3,157
47,977
11,886

170,004
3,273
49,254
13,596

21,279
587
3,314
2,405

20,924
607
3,373
2,531

2.4
3.6
2.6
12.8

3.0
3.7
2.7
14.4

-1.7
3.4
1.8
5.2

6,539
13,101
2,931
3,568
35,461
20,395
35,078

6,704
13,388
2,924
3,716
36,000
20,303
35,259

5,797
11,903
2,320
2,831
32,954
16,617
29,678

5,950
12,248
2,388
2,962
33,756
16,538
30,039

742
1,198
611
737
2,507
3,778
5,400

754
1,140
536
754
2,244
3,765
5,220

2.5
2.2
-0.2
4.1
1.5
-0.5
0.5

2.6
2.9
2.9
4.6
2.4
-0.5
1.2

1.6
-4.8
-12.3
2.3
-10.5
-0.3
-3.3

68,825

70,237

59,575

61,293

9,250

8,944

2.1

2.9

-3.3

2,386
6,845
6,874
7,626

2,506
7,278
6,950
7,732

2,078
6,103
6,451
6,529

2,173
6,564
6,583
6,573

308
742
423
1,097

333
714
367
1,159

5.0
6.3
1.1
1.4

4.6
7.6
2.0
0.7

8.1
-3.8
-13.2
5.7

17,936
1,457
3,633
11,149
4,426

18,119
1,428
3,598
11,159
4,610

15,263
1,333
2,841
9,744
4,071

15,473
1,296
2,901
9,898
4,284

2,673
124
792
1,405
355

2,646
132
697
1,261
326

1.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.1
4.2

1.4
-2.8
2.1
1.6
5.2

-1.0
6.5
-12.0
-10.2
-8.2

Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological and biomedical sciences
Computer and information sciences
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean
sciences
Mathematics and statistics
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies
Natural resources and conservation
Physical sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical
engineering
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications
engineering
Engineering mechanics, physics, and science
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical and materials engineering
Other engineeringb
Health
Clinical medicine
Other health
a

2017

6,493

6,857

5,162

5,548

1,331

1,309

5.6

7.5

-1.7

15,301
4,410
10,891

15,931
4,508
11,423

11,083
3,260
7,823

11,600
3,423
8,177

4,218
1,150
3,068

4,331
1,085
3,246

4.1
2.2
4.9

4.7
5.0
4.5

2.7
-5.7
5.8

Race and ethnicity data are available for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only.

b

Other engineering includes Agricultural engineering, Biological and biosystems engineering, Mining engineering, Nanotechnology, Nuclear engineering, Petroleum
engineering, and Engineering not elsewhere classified.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.

NSF 20-312

g

InfoBrief 3

TABLE 2. Master's enrollment by enrollment status, sex, citizenship, ethnicity, race, and selected fields: 2017–18
All
Characteristic
All surveyed fields
Male
Female

U.S. citizens and permanent residentsa
Male
Female
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
Unknown race and ethnicity
Temporary visa holders
Male
Female
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological and biomedical sciences
Computer and information sciences
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean
sciences
Mathematics and statistics
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies
Natural resources and conservation
Physical sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering

Part time

Percent change
All Full time Part time

2018

2017

2018

2017

2018

378,587
200,748
177,839

391,211
201,314
189,897

245,010
125,897
119,113

248,552
123,457
125,095

133,577
74,851
58,726

142,659
77,857
64,802

3.3
0.3
6.8

1.4
-1.9
5.0

6.8
4.0
10.3

251,896
119,906
131,990
29,622

271,290
126,552
144,738
32,923

141,321
60,203
81,118
17,316

149,533
62,052
87,481
19,011

110,575
59,703
50,872
12,306

121,757
64,500
57,257
13,912

7.7
5.5
9.7
11.1

5.8
3.1
7.8
9.8

10.1
8.0
12.6
13.1

1,136
26,093
23,266
468
148,031
8,119
15,161

1,219
28,557
25,878
497
156,010
9,120
17,086

706
14,825
11,846
240
83,943
4,996
7,449

685
15,882
13,294
269
86,699
5,455
8,238

430
11,268
11,420
228
64,088
3,123
7,712

534
12,675
12,584
228
69,311
3,665
8,848

7.3
9.4
11.2
6.2
5.4
12.3
12.7

-3.0
7.1
12.2
12.1
3.3
9.2
10.6

24.2
12.5
10.2
0.0
8.1
17.4
14.7

126,691
80,842
45,849

119,921
74,762
45,159

103,689
65,694
37,995

99,019
61,405
37,614

23,002
15,148
7,854

20,902
13,357
7,545

-5.3
-7.5
-1.5

-4.5
-6.5
-1.0

-9.1
-11.8
-3.9

325,925

334,391

209,221

210,287

116,704

124,104

2.6

0.5

6.3

229,169
5,603
33,926
75,618

241,327
5,658
35,306
77,351

145,689
3,609
23,889
44,320

151,059
3,626
24,759
44,193

83,480
1,994
10,037
31,298

90,268
2,032
10,547
33,158

5.3
1.0
4.1
2.3

3.7
0.5
3.6
-0.3

8.1
1.9
5.1
5.9

6,006
16,568
6,923
7,311
6,368
29,638
41,208

5,629
18,073
7,414
7,691
6,075
35,404
42,726

4,107
11,551
4,038
4,866
4,197
19,318
25,794

3,820
12,707
4,268
5,072
3,915
21,987
26,712

1,899
5,017
2,885
2,445
2,171
10,320
15,414

1,809
5,366
3,146
2,619
2,160
13,417
16,014

-6.3
9.1
7.1
5.2
-4.6
19.5
3.7

-7.0
10.0
5.7
4.2
-6.7
13.8
3.6

-4.7
7.0
9.0
7.1
-0.5
30.0
3.9

96,756

93,064

63,532

59,228

33,224

33,836

-3.8

-6.8

1.8

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical
engineering
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering

3,322
4,037
3,292
13,506

3,342
4,202
3,061
12,729

2,183
3,234
2,396
9,084

2,128
3,369
2,220
8,289

1,139
803
896
4,422

1,214
833
841
4,440

0.6
4.1
-7.0
-5.8

-2.5
4.2
-7.3
-8.8

6.6
3.7
-6.1
0.4

Electrical, electronics, and communications
engineering
Engineering mechanics, physics, and science
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical and materials engineering

29,816
679
12,272
16,279
2,115

28,108
729
12,389
15,434
2,079

20,941
428
7,212
10,778
1,587

19,341
472
6,492
10,178
1,539

8,875
251
5,060
5,501
528

8,767
257
5,897
5,256
540

-5.7
7.4
1.0
-5.2
-1.7

-7.6
10.3
-10.0
-5.6
-3.0

-1.2
2.4
16.5
-4.5
2.3

11,438

10,991

5,689

5,200

5,749

5,791

-3.9

-8.6

0.7

52,662
25,283
27,379

56,820
27,494
29,326

35,789
15,043
20,746

38,265
16,233
22,032

16,873
10,240
6,633

18,555
11,261
7,294

7.9
8.7
7.1

6.9
7.9
6.2

10.0
10.0
10.0

Other engineeringb
Health
Clinical medicine
Other health
a

Full time

2017

Race and ethnicity data are available for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only.

b

Other engineering includes Agricultural engineering, Biological and biosystems engineering, Mining engineering, Nanotechnology, Nuclear engineering, Petroleum
engineering, and Engineering not elsewhere classified.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.

4 InfoBrief

g

NSF 20-312

Overall, enrollment in master’s programs
increased by 12,058 women (7%) and
by 566 men (less than 1%) between
2017 and 2018. Among U.S. citizens
and permanent residents, enrollment
among women rose by 12,748 (10%),
of which 6,363 were enrolled full time
(8% increase) and 6,385 were enrolled
part time (13% increase). Among
temporary visa holders, enrollment
declined by 6,080 men (-8%) and 690
women (-2%) (table 2).
Between 2017 and 2018, enrollment
in master’s programs grew at a larger
rate for part-time students than for fulltime students for all racial and ethnic
groups except black or African American students and Native Hawaiian or
Pacific Islander students. Enrollment in
part-time master’s program increased
by 10% or more for the following
racial and ethnic categories: American
Indians or Alaska Natives, Asians,
Hispanics or Latinos, blacks or African
Americans, and more than one race.
The racial and ethnic groups with the
largest percent change in total master’s
enrollment were more than one race
and blacks or African Americans,
which grew by 12% and 11%, respectively. The percent change for whites
was 5% (table 2).
An examination of enrollment by field
of study shows that 8 out of 22 fields,
including 6 engineering fields, had
overall declines in master’s enrollment.
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering showed the largest
decline in the number of students
(-1,708 students), and mechanical
engineering had the second largest
decline (-845 students). The fields of
study with the largest increase in the
number of master’s students enrolled
were psychology and clinical medicine,
which rose by 5,766 and 2,211 students,
respectively. Both of these fields

of study also had large percentage
increases in part-time enrollment,
rising by 30% and 10%, respectively
(table 2).

NFRs behind biological and biomedical
sciences (table 3).

Postdoctoral Appointees
and Nonfaculty
Researchers in SEH Fields

Conducted since 1966, the GSS is an
annual survey of all academic institutions in the United States that grant
research-based master’s or doctoral
degrees in SEH fields. The 2018 GSS
collected data from 19,592 organizational units (departments, programs,
affiliated research centers, and health
care facilities) at 715 eligible institutions and their affiliates in the United
States, Puerto Rico, and Guam. The
unit response rate was 98.9%, which
is an improvement over 2017’s rate
of 97.6%. An overview of the survey
is available at https://www.nsf.gov/
statistics/srvygradpostdoc/.

Postdocs are recent doctorate or
doctorate-equivalent recipients
pursuing additional training to prepare
for an independent career in research.
The GSS is the primary source of data
on postdoc employment and funding
in the United States. The number of
postdocs in SEH fields of study rose
slightly from 64,733 in 2017 to 64,783
in 2018. However, despite the minimal
change in the total number of postdocs, there were noticeable changes
in the postdoc distribution by field of
research. Geosciences, atmospheric
sciences, and ocean sciences saw the
largest decrease in the number of postdocs (decline of 363 students, or -17%),
while clinical medicine saw the largest
increase in number of postdocs (rising
by 463 students, or 3%). Biological and
biomedical sciences remains the largest
SEH field of research accounting for
one-third of all postdocs (table 3).
Another important component of the
academic research and development
workforce are nonfaculty researchers
(NFRs) who have doctorate degrees. As
with postdocs, the GSS is the primary
source of data on this population. As
schools improve their administrative
data systems to accurately reflect all
faculty, the number of NFRs continues
to increase. In 2018, 1,104 more NFRs
were working at U.S. academic institutions than there were in 2017. Most
of these 1,104 NFRs were in science
fields of research. Between 2017 and
2018, there was a small decrease of 289
NFRs in clinical medicine (5%), which
is the second largest field of study for

Data Source and
Limitations

In 2017, the GSS was redesigned to
collect demographic and financial
support data separately for master’s and
doctoral students, to prioritize electronic data interchange as the primary
means of data submission,3 and to
utilize the U.S. Department of Education’s Classification of Instructional
Programs (CIP) codes to report fields
of study for graduate student enrollment data.4 More information regarding
the 2017 GSS redesign is available
in the technical notes for the 2018
data tables (https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/
gradpostdoc/2018/gss18-tech-notes.pdf).
Further, in 2017, NSF updated the GSS
fields of study to align with the NCSES
Taxonomy of Disciplines to increase
comparability to other NCSES surveys
and more accurately reflect how disciplines are currently organized.
Due to these changes, the 2017 and
2018 data are not directly comparable
to previously collected GSS data.
Trend comparisons can be made
using the “2017old” estimates in the

NSF 20-312

g

InfoBrief 5

TABLE 3. Postdoctoral appointees and nonfaculty researchers in science, engineering, and health fields of research in all institutions, by
sex and field: 2017–18
(Number)
Postdoctoral appointees

Sex and field
All surveyed fields
Male
Female
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological and biomedical sciences
Computer and information sciences
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean
sciences
Mathematics and statistics
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies
Natural resources and conservation
Physical sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications
engineering
Engineering mechanics, physics, and science
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical and materials engineering
Other engineering a
Health
Clinical medicine
Other health

Nonfaculty researchers

2017

2018

Change

Percent
change

2017

2018

Change

Percent
change

64,733
38,870
25,863
46,080
38,241
1,024
21,781
854

64,783
38,661
26,122
45,478
37,564
1,072
21,533
879

50
-209
259
-602
-677
48
-248
25

0.1
-0.5
1.0
-1.3
-1.8
4.7
-1.1
2.9

28,180
16,580
11,600
20,542
17,268
496
8,203
476

29,284
17,468
11,816
21,848
18,278
565
8,250
515

1,104
888
216
1,306
1,010
69
47
39

3.9
5.4
1.9
6.4
5.8
13.9
0.6
8.2

2,089
991
1,131
731
7,211
1,082
1,347
7,839
1,398
1,197
804

1,726
982
980
764
6,976
1,145
1,507
7,914
1,433
1,142
739

-363
-9
-151
33
-235
63
160
75
35
-55
-65

-17.4
-0.9
-13.4
4.5
-3.3
5.8
11.9
1.0
2.5
-4.6
-8.1

1,794
240
806
364
2,871
494
1,524
3,274
415
281
422

2,106
266
832
580
3,056
507
1,601
3,570
440
257
414

312
26
26
216
185
13
77
296
25
-24
-8

17.4
10.8
3.2
59.3
6.4
2.6
5.1
9.0
6.0
-8.5
-1.9

1,170
316
127
1,089
550
1,188
18,653
16,100
2,553

1,197
354
156
1,069
549
1,275
19,305
16,563
2,742

27
38
29
-20
-1
87
652
463
189

2.3
12.0
22.8
-1.8
-0.2
7.3
3.5
2.9
7.4

557
200
119
458
181
641
7,638
6,448
1,190

588
220
105
489
215
842
7,436
6,159
1,277

31
20
-14
31
34
201
-202
-289
87

5.6
10.0
-11.8
6.8
18.8
31.4
-2.6
-4.5
7.3

a

Includes Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering; Agricultural engineering; Biological and biosystems engineering; Mining engineering;
Nanotechnology; Nuclear engineering; Petroleum engineering; and Engineering not elsewhere classified.

NOTE: "Field" refers to the field of the unit that reports postdoctoral appointees and nonfaculty researchers.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.

2017 data tables, available at https://
ncsesdata.nsf.gov/gradpostdoc/2017/.
GSS health fields are collected under
the advisement of NIH. These GSS
fields are about one-third of all health
fields in the U.S. Department of Educa-

6 InfoBrief

g

NSF 20-312

tion’s CIP taxonomy. NIH information
on trends seen within these selected
health fields can be found at https://
report.nih.gov/nihdatabook/.
The full set of data tables from the 2018
survey are available at https://www.nsf.

gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/. Data
are also available in NCSES’s interactive data tool (https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/
ids/gss). For more information about the
survey, contact the GSS project officer,
Michael Yamaner.

Notes
1. Michael Yamaner, Human Resources
Statistics Program, National Center
for Science and Engineering Statistics,
National Science Foundation, 2415
Eisenhower Avenue, Suite W14200,
Alexandria, VA 22314 (myamaner@
nsf.gov; 703-292-7815). Caren A.
Arbeit, RTI International, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
2. National Science Board, National
Science Foundation. 2019. Science and

Engineering Indicators 2020: Science
and Engineering Labor Force. Science
and Engineering Indicators 2020.
NSB-2019-8. Alexandria, VA. Available
at https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20198/.
3. Electronic data interchange is a
method for transferring data between
computer systems or networks using a
standardized format.
4. CIP is a taxonomy used for reporting
postsecondary fields to the U.S.
Department of Education (ED) for the

Integrated Postsecondary Education
Data System, a mandatory survey for
institutions receiving federal financial
aid. Thus, most of institutions in
the GSS already use CIP codes to
report data on graduate students.
The CIP taxonomy was developed
by the National Center for Education
Statistics (within ED), which updates
the taxonomy about once a decade;
CIP was last revised in 2010. For more
information, see http://nces.ed.gov/
ipeds/cipcode/.

NSF 20-312

g

InfoBrief 7