§ 2530.203-3 - Suspension of pension benefits upon employment

§ 2530.203-3 - Suspension of pension benefits upon employment.
(a) General. Section 203(a)(3)(B) of the Act provides that the right to the employer-derived
portion of an accrued pension benefit shall not be treated as forfeitable solely because an
employee pension benefit plan provides that the payment of benefits is suspended during
certain periods of reemployment which occur subsequent to the commencement of payment
of such benefits. This section sets forth the circumstances and conditions under which such
benefit payments may be suspended. A plan may provide for the suspension of pension
benefits which commence prior to the attainment of normal retirement age, or for the
suspension of that portion of pension benefits which exceeds the normal retirement benefit,
or both, for any reemployment and without regard to the provisions of section 203(a)(3)(B)
and this regulation to the extent (but only to the extent) that suspension of such benefits does
not affect a retiree's entitlement to normal retirement benefits payable after attainment of
normal retirement age, or the actuarial equivalent thereof.
(b) Suspension rules - (1) General rule. A plan may provide for the permanent withholding of
an amount which does not exceed the suspendible amount of an employee's accrued benefit
for each calendar month, or for each four or five week payroll period ending in a calendar
month, during which an employee is employed in “section 203(a)(3)(B) service” as described
in § 2530.203-3(c).
(2) Resumption of payments. If benefit payments have been suspended pursuant to
paragraph (b)(1) of this section, payments shall resume no later than the first day of the
third calendar month after the calendar month in which the employee ceases to be
employed in section 203(a)(3)(B) service: Provided, That the employee has complied with
any reasonable procedure adopted by the plan for notifying the plan that he has ceased
such employment. The initial payment upon resumption shall include the payment
scheduled to occur in the calendar month when payments resume and any amounts
withheld during the period between the cessation of employment and the resumption of
payments, less any amounts which are subject to offset.
(3) Offset rules. A plan which provides for the permanent withholding of benefits may
deduct from benefit payments to be made by the plan payments previously made by the
plan during those calendar months or pay periods in which the employee was employed in
section 203(a)(3)(B) service, Provided, That such deduction or offset does not exceed in
any one month 25 percent of that month's total benefit payment which would have been
due but for the offset (excluding the initial payment described in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section, which may be subject to offset without limitation).
(4) Notification. No payment shall be withheld by a plan pursuant to this section unless the
plan notifies the employee by personal delivery or first class mail during the first calendar
month or payroll period in which the plan withholds payments that his benefits are
suspended. Such notification shall contain a description of the specific reasons why benefit
payments are being suspended, a general description of the plan provisions relating to the
suspension of payments, a copy of such provisions, and a statement to the effect that
applicable Department of Labor regulations may be found in § 2530.203-3 of the Code of
Federal Regulations. In addition, the suspension notification shall inform the employee of
the plan's procedure for affording a review of the suspension of benefits. Requests for
such reviews may be considered in accordance with the claims procedure adopted by the
plan pursuant to section 503 of the Act and applicable regulations. In the case of a plan
which requires the filing of a benefit resumption notice as a condition precedent to the
resumption of benefits, the suspension notification shall also describe the procedure for
filing such notice and include the forms (if any) which must be filed. Furthermore, if a plan
intends to offset any suspendible amounts actually paid during the periods of employment
in section 203(a)(3)(B) service, the notification shall identify specifically the periods of
employment, the suspendible amounts which are subject to offset, and the manner in which

the plan intends to offset such suspendible amounts. Where the plan's summary plan
description (SPD) contains information which is substantially the same as information
required by this paragraph (b)(4), the suspension notification may refer the employee to
relevant pages of the SPD for information as to a particular item, provided the employee
is informed how to obtain a copy of the SPD, or relevant pages thereof, and provided
requests for referenced information are honored within a reasonable period of time, not to
exceed 30 days.
(5) Verification. A plan may provide that an employee must notify the plan of any
employment. A plan may request from an employee access to reasonable information for
the purpose of verifying such employment. Furthermore, a plan may provide that an
employee must, at such time and with such frequency as may be reasonable, as a
condition to receiving future benefit payments, either certify that he is unemployed or
provide factual information sufficient to establish that any employment does not constitute
section 203(a)(3)(B) service if specifically requested by the plan administrator. Once an
employee has furnished the required certification or information, the plan must forward, at
the next regularly scheduled time for payment of benefits, all payments which had been
withheld pursuant to this paragraph (b)(5) except to the extent that payments may be
withheld and offset pursuant to other provisions of this regulation.
(6) Status determination. If a plan provides for benefits suspension, the plan shall adopt a
procedure, and so inform employees, whereunder an employee may request, and the plan
administrator in a reasonable amount of time will render, a determination of whether
specific contemplated employment will be section 203(a)(3)(B) service for purposes of plan
provisions concerning suspension of benefits. Requests for status determinations may be
considered in accordance with the claims procedure adopted by the plan pursuant to
section 503 of the Act and applicable regulations.
(7) Presumptions. (i) A plan which has adopted verification requirements described in
paragraph (b)(5) of this section, and which complies with the notice requirements set forth
in paragraph (b)(7)(ii) of this section may provide that whenever the plan fiduciaries
become aware that a retiree is employed in section 203(a)(3)(B) service and the retiree
has not complied with the plan's reporting requirements with regard to that employment,
the plan fiduciaries may, unless it is unreasonable under the circumstances to do so, act
on the basis of a rebuttable presumption that the retiree had worked a period exceeding
the plan's minimum number of hours for that month. In addition, a plan covering persons
employed in the building trades which has adopted verification requirements described in
paragraph (b)(5) of this section and which complies with the notice requirements set forth
in paragraph (b)(7)(ii) of this section may provide that whenever the plan fiduciaries
become aware that a retiree is employed in section 203(a)(3)(B) service at a construction
site and the retiree has not complied with the plan's reporting requirements with regard to
that employment, then the plan fiduciaries may, unless it is unreasonable under the
circumstances to do so, act on the basis of a rebuttable presumption that the retiree
engaged in such employment for the same employer in work at that site for so long before
the work in question as that same employer performed that work at that construction site.
(ii) A plan which provides for a presumption described in paragraph (b)(7)(i) of this
section may employ such presumption only if the following requirements are met. The
plan must describe its employment verification requirements and the nature and effect
of such presumption in the plan's summary plan description and in any communication
to plan participants which relates to such verification requirements (for example,
employment reporting reminders or forms), and retirees must be furnished such
disclosure, whether through receipt of the above communications or by special
distribution, at least once every 12 months.

(c) Section 202(a)(3)(B) service - (1) Plans other than multiemployer plans. In the case of a
plan other than a multi-employer plan, as defined in section 3(37) of the Act, the employment
of an employee, subsequent to the time the payment of benefits commenced or would have
commenced if the employee had not remained in or returned to employment, results in section
203(a)(3)(B) service during a calendar month, or during a four or five week payroll period
ending in a calendar month, if the employee, in such month or payroll period,
(i) Completes 40 or more hours of service (as defined in 29 CFR 2530.200b-2(a)(1) and (2))
for an employer which maintains the plan, including employers described in § 2530.210 (d)
and (e), as of the time that the payment of benefits commenced or would have commenced
if the employee had not remained in or returned to employment; or
(ii) Receives from such employer payment for any such hours of service performed on each
of 8 or more days (or separate work shifts) in such month or payroll period, Provided, That
the plan has not for any purpose determined or used the actual number of hours of service
which would be required to be credited to the employee under § 2530.200b-(2)(a).
(2) Multiemployer plans. In the case of a multiemployer plan, as defined in section 3(37) of
the Act, the employment of an employee subsequent to the time the payment of benefits
commenced or would have commenced if the employee had not remained in or returned to
employment results in section 203(a)(3)(B) service during a calendar month, or during a four
or five week payroll period ending in a calendar month, if the employee, in such month or
payroll period:
- Completes 40 or more hours of service (as defined in § 2530.200b-2(a)(1) and (2)) or - Receives payment for any such
hours of service performed on each of 8 or more days (or separate work shifts) in such month or payroll
period, Provided, That the plan has not for any purpose determined or used the actual number of hours of service which
would be required to be credited to the employee under § 2530.200(b)-(2)(a); in - An industry in which employees covered
by the plan were employed and accrued benefits under the plan as a result of such employment at the time that the payment
of benefits commenced or would have commenced if the employee had not remained in or returned to employment, and - A
trade or craft in which the employee was employed at any time under the plan, and - The geographic area covered by the
plan at the time that the payment of benefits commenced or would have commenced if the employee had not remained in or
returned to employment.

(i) Industry. The term “industry” means the business activities of the types engaged in by any
employers maintaining the plan.
Example.One of the employers contributing to a multiemployer plan engages in heavy construction, another in textile
manufacturing, and another in communications. Employee E began his career as an employee of an employer engaged in
heavy construction. Later E was employed by an employer in communications. With both employers, E accrued benefits
under the plan. If E retires and then becomes reemployed in the same trade or craft and in the same geographic area,
employment by E in either heavy construction, communications or textile manufacturing, whether or not with an employer
who contributes to the plan or in a self-employed capacity, may be considered by the plan to be employment in the same
industry, assuming that employees covered by the plan were accruing benefits as a result of employment in these industries
at the time E commenced receiving benefits. This is true even though E did not previously accrue benefits as a result of
employment with an employer engaged in textile manufacturing because other employees covered by the plan were
employed in that industry and were accruing benefits under the plan as a result of such employment at the time when benefit
payments to E commenced or would have commenced if E had not returned to employment.

(ii) Trade or craft. A trade or craft is (A) a skill or skills, learned during a significant period of
training or practice, which is applicable in occupations in some industry, (B) a skill or skills
relating to selling, retailing, managerial, clerical or professional occupations, or (C)
supervisory activities relating to a skill or skills described in (A) or (B) of this paragraph
(c)(2)(ii). For purposes of this paragraph (c)(2)(ii), the determination whether a particular job
classification, job description or industrial occupation constitutes or is included in a trade or
craft shall be based upon the facts and circumstances of each case. Factors which may be
examined include whether there is a customary and substantial period of practical, on-thejob training or a period of related supplementary instruction. Notwithstanding any other factor,
the registration of an apprenticeship program with the Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training
of the Employment Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor is sufficient for

the conclusion that a skill or skills which is the subject of the apprenticeship program
constitutes a trade or craft.
Example.Participation in a multiemployer plan is limited solely to electricians. Electrician E retired and then became
reemployed as a foreman of electricians. Because a “trade or craft” includes related supervisory activities, E remains within
his trade or craft for purposes of this section.

(iii) Geographic area covered by the plan. (A) With the exception of a plan covering
employees in a maritime industry, the “geographic area covered by the plan” consists of any
state or any province of Canada in which contributions were made or were required to be
made by or on behalf of an employer and the remainder of any Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Area (SMSA) which falls in part within such state, determined as of the time that
the payment of benefits commenced or would have commenced if the employee had not
returned to employment.
Example.A multiemployer plan covers plumbers in Pennsylvania. All contributing employers have always been located within
Pennsylvania. Accordingly, the “geographic area covered by the plan” consists of Pennsylvania and any SMSAs which fall in
part within Pennsylvania. Thus, for example, in the case of the Philadelphia SMSA, Burlington, Camden and Gloucester
Counties in New Jersey are within the “geographic area covered by the plan”.

(B) [Reserved - for definition of the geographic area covered by a plan that covers employees
in a maritime industry.]
For purposes of this paragraph (c)(2)(iii), contributions shall not include amounts contributed: After December 31, 1978 by or
on hehalf of an employer where no contributions were made by or on behalf of that employer before that date, if the primary
purpose of such contribution is to allow for the suspension of plan benefits in a geographic area not otherwise covered by
the plan; or with respect to isolated projects performed in states where plan participants were not otherwise employed.

(3) Employment in a maritime industry. For plans covering employees employed in a maritime
industry, as defined in § 2530.200b-6, the standard of “five or more days of service, as defined
in § 2530.200b-7(a)(1)” shall be used in lieu of the standard “40 or more hours of service”,
for purposes of determining whether an employee is employed in section 203(a)(3)(B) service.
(d) Suspendable amount - (1) Life annuity. In the case of benefits payable periodically on a
monthly basis for as long as a life (or lives) continues, such as a straight life annuity or a
qualified joint and survivor annuity, a plan may provide that an amount not greater than the
portion of a monthly benefit payment derived from employer contributions may be withheld
permanently for a calendar month, or for a four or five week payroll period ending in a
calendar month, in which the employee is employed in section 203(a)(3)(B) service.
(2) Other benefit forms. In the case of benefits payable in a form other than the form
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section, a plan may provide for the permanent
withholding of an amount of the employer-derived portion of benefit payments for a calendar
month, or for a four or five week payroll period ending in a calendar month, in which the
employee is employed in section 203(a)(3)(B) service, not exceeding the lesser of (i) The amount of benefits which would have been payable to the employee if he had been
receiving monthly benefits under the plan since actual retirement based on a single life
annuity commencing at actual retirement age; or
(ii) The actual amount paid or scheduled to be paid to the employee for such month. Payments
which are scheduled to be paid less frequently than monthly may be converted to monthly
payments for purposes of this paragraph (d)(2)(ii).