| Table 1: Average facility score | 
| by facility type, size, NICU level, and region | 
| CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) – 2018 and 2020 | 
	
| 
 | Total score | Mother-Baby Contact | Feeding Practices | Feeding Education | Discharge Support | Staff Training and Competency | Institutional Support Practices and Policies | 
| All | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Type of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | |||||||
| Government hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Non-profit hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Private hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Military hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Size of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 0-249 | |||||||
| 250-499 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 500-999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 1000-1999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 2000-4999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 5000 or more | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Teaching hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Yes | |||||||
| No | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level of Neonatal Care | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Unknown | |||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 3 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Census region | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Pacific | |||||||
| Mountain | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| New England | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Middle Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| South Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 
 | How many patients experience mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes within 1 hour of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | N | ||||
| Few | Some | Many | Most | Not sure | ||
| All | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Type of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | ||||||
| Government hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Non-profit hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Private hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Military hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Size of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 0-249 | ||||||
| 250-499 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 500-999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 1000-1999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 2000-4999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 5000 or more | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Teaching hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Yes | ||||||
| No | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level of Neonatal Care | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Unknown | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 3 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Census region | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Pacific | ||||||
| Mountain | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| New England | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Middle Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| South Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 
 | What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth | N | |||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | ||
| All | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Type of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | |||||
| Government hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Non-profit hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Private hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Military hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Size of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 0-249 | |||||
| 250-499 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 500-999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 1000-1999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 2000-4999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 5000 or more | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Teaching hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Yes | |||||
| No | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level of Neonatal Care | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Unknown | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 3 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Census region | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Pacific | |||||
| Mountain | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| New England | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Middle Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| South Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 
 | What percent of healthy breastfed infants are put to the breast within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth | N | |||
| <10% | 10-49% | 50-89% | 90% or more | ||
| All | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Type of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | |||||
| Government hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Non-profit hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Private hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Military hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Size of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 0-249 | |||||
| 250-499 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 500-999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 1000-1999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 2000-4999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 5000 or more | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Teaching hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Yes | |||||
| No | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level of Neonatal Care | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Unknown | |||||
| Healthy newborn only | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 3 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Census region | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Pacific | |||||
| Mountain | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| New England | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Middle Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| South Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 
 | How often are routine infant procedures performed while mother & infant are skin-to-skin | N | ||||
| Rarely | Sometimes | Often | Almost always | Not sure | ||
| All | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Type of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | ||||||
| Government hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Non-profit hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Private hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Military hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Size of facility | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 0-249 | ||||||
| 250-499 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 500-999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 1000-1999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 2000-4999 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 5000 or more | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Teaching hospital | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Yes | ||||||
| No | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Birth center | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level of Neonatal Care | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Unknown | ||||||
| Healthy newborn only | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 1 or 2 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Level 3 NICU | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Census region | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Pacific | ||||||
| Mountain | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East North Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| West South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| East South Central | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| New England | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| Middle Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| South Atlantic | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| 
					 | Total score | Mother-Baby Contact | Feeding Practices | Feeding Education | Discharge Support | Staff Training and Competency | Institutional Support Practices and Policies | 
| All | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| State | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| AK | |||||||
| AL | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| AR | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| AZ | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
					 | 
| CA | 
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| CO | 
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| CT | 
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| DC | 
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| DE | 
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| FL | 
					 | 
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| GA | 
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| HI | 
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| IA | 
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| ID | 
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| IL | 
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| IN | 
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| KS | 
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| KY | 
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| LA | 
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| MA | 
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| MD | 
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| ME | 
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| MI | 
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| MN | 
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| MO | 
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| MS | 
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| MT | 
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| NC | 
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| ND | 
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| NE | 
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| NH | 
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| NJ | 
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| NM | 
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| NV | 
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| NY | 
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| OH | 
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| OK | 
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| OR | 
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| PA | 
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| PR | 
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| RI | 
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| SC | 
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| SD | 
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| TN | 
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| TX | 
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| UT | 
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| VA | 
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| VT | 
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| WA | 
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| WI | 
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| WV | 
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| WY | 
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| File Type | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document | 
| File Title | V9.1 SAS System Output | 
| Author | SAS Version 9.1 | 
| File Modified | 0000-00-00 | 
| File Created | 2021-01-20 |