OMB Table

A systematic literature review and consultation with IPV subject matter experts identified 14 domains as important for distinguishing perpetrator typologies and the context of violence. The domains are: (1) Stress and Emotional Regulation Skills, (2) General Aggression; (3) Adverse Childhood Events; (4) Acceptance of Violence; (5) Stalking; (6) Relationship Discord/Satisfaction; (7) Communication and Conflict Management; (8) Power and Control; (9) IPV Physical, Sexual, Emotional and Verbal Perpetration and Victimization; (10) Psychological Conditions; (11) Substance Use; (12) Sexual Preference and Attraction; (13) Gender Roles; (14) Self-esteem and Self-efficacy. The survey also includes socio-demographic questions.

Domain	Subdomain	Questions	Reason for Inclusion & Example References
Demographics	NA	Page1 Questions: 1 – 12	Demographics information is necessary to describe the sample collected as well as potential differentiating characteristics among perpetrators. For example, certain typologies of perpetrators may be more likely to be male or to be younger. Johnson (2011)
Stress and Emotional Regulation Skills	Stress	Page 3 Questions: 13a – d	Experiencing high global stress coupled with an increased sense of loss of agency in one’s life have been found to correlate to IPV perpetration. Ames et al. (2013); Buzawa & Buzawa, (2013)
	Anger	Page 4 Questions: 14a – o	IPV perpetrators frequently report high levels of anger. Holtzworth-Munroe et al., (2000); Persampiere et al., (2014) Smith-Darden et al., (2017)
	Hostility	Page 5 Questions: 15a – o	Hostility toward others has been shown to predict IPV perpetration. Norlander & Eckhardt, (2005) Ortiz (2015); Tharp et al., (2013)
General Aggression & Typologies	Aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior	Page 6 Questions: 16a – p; 18a – f; 19-22	General aggressivity is a strong predictor of IPV perpetration. However, some perpetrators may only be aggressive toward intimate partners and not generally aggressive. Distinguishing perpetrators by general or family specific aggression may be important. Holtzworth-Munroe et al., (2000) LaViolette, A. (2009) Parrott & Zeichner (2003) Salis et al., (2014)
	Reactive-Proactive Aggression	Page 7 Questions: 17a –i	A wealth of research suggests that there is a distinction between reactive and proactive aggression relating neurobiological and developmental differences. Importantly, these different forms of aggression likely have different implications for development and treatment and many researchers have suggested that IPV perpetrators may be distinguished based on these violence characteristics. Chase et al., (2001) Ross & Babcock (2009) Reidy et al., (2011) Stanford et al., (2008) Vitello & Stoff (1997)
Adverse Childhood Experience	Trauma in household	Page 11 Questions: 23a – i; 24-27	Adverse childhood experiences (such as abuse and neglect) are correlated with IPV perpetration and victimization across all ages. Additionally, current research suggests a relationship between growing up in a community with extensive violence and IPV perpetration as an adult. However, not all youth exposed to violence will perpetrate IPV and not all persons who perpetrate IPV have a history of violence exposure. Thus, adverse childhood experiences including exposure to violence may distinguish classes of perpetrators. Capaldi et al., (2012) Copp et al., (2015); Fox & Benson (2006) Mair et al., (2012) Mbilinyi et al., (2012); Roberts et al., (2011) Reidy et al., (2017)
	Violence in the Community	Page 13 Questions: 28a – d
Acceptance of Violence	NA	Page 13 Questions: 29a – e; 30a – c; 31a – e	Beliefs about the propriety of violence correlate with IPV perpetration across ages and may differentially influence IPV perpetration based on gender. Additionally, some evidence suggests that changing these attitudes can reduce TDV perpetration. Ames et al., (2013) Eckhardt & Crane (2014) Foshee et al., (2001) Smith-Darden et al., (2017) Simon et al., (2001)
Stalking	NA	Page 15 Questions: 32a – h	Stalking is crucially linked to IPV and while not all IPV perpetrators engage in stalking, many do. Understanding which perpetrators go on to stalk partners may help understand which individuals will perpetrate more severe violence and potentially even intimate partner homicides. Likewise stalking intimate partners may differ by gender. Senkans et al., (2017) Hall et al., (2012). Melton, H. C. (2007) Smith-Darden et al., (2016) Black et al., (2011)
Relationship Context	NA	Page 16 Questions: 33 - 43	It is important to identify characteristics of the individuals’ current and past dating history to understand opportunities for perpetration as well persistence vs. desistance within and across relationships.
Relationship Discord/Satisfaction	NA	Page 18 Questions: 44a – g; 45-48	Some research has pointed to general relationship discord as a risk factor for IPV. This risk factor may differentiate reciprocally violent relationships where the violence is instigated by anger versus unidirectional violent relationships where the violence is a mechanism of control and potentially more severe. Byun (2012) Capaldi et al., (2012) Slep et al., (2010) Stith et al., (2008)
Communication and Conflict Management	NA	Page 20 Questions: 49a – u	In general negative or hostile communication styles and poor conflict management skills are linked to perpetration by men and women both. Andrews et al., (2000) Babcock et al., (1993) Capaldi et al., (2012) Hamby (2009) Smith-Darden et al., (2017) Vives-Cases, et al., (2009)
Power & Control	NA	Page 22 Questions: 50a – l	The concept of “power and control” has been central to IPV research for decades. It is most frequently espoused in connection to unidirectional violence perpetrated by men against women as method of controlling and maintaining dominance over women. However, given that we know women can perpetrate IPV too, it is likely that this factor not associated with all forms of IPV perpetration. Likewise, some evidence suggests that perpetrators that are controlling and coercive may be more Spencer et al., (2016) Loree & Cook-Daniels (2015) Johnson, (2006, 2011) Messinger et al., (2014)

Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration & Victimization	Physical	Page 23 Questions: 51a – g; 52; 53; 54a – u; 55a – e; 56a – g; 57-59; 60a –g; 61	Perpetrators of intimate violence will vary in the frequency, intensity, severity, and modality. For example, verbal/emotional violence is far more prevalent than physical and sexual IPV is the least common. Understanding the different ways in which individuals perpetrate may help identify distinct classes of perpetrators and may be associated with different risk factors. Breiding et al., (2014) Capaldi et al., (2012) Chase et al., (2001) Johnson, (2006, 2011) Messinger et al., (2014)
	Sexual	Page 27 Questions: 62a-l; 63; 64; 65a – p; 66a – l; 67-70
	Verbal / Emotional	Page 33 Questions: 71a –g; 72; 73; 74a –g; 75; 76; 77a –g; 78
Psychological Conditions	NA	Page 36 Questions: 79a –i; 80; 81	Some psychological conditions are seen more frequently in IPV perpetrators as compared to men and women in nonviolent relationships. Different forms of psychopathology may differentiate types of perpetrators and point to different areas of intervention. Capaldi et al., (2012) Hoyt, et al., (2012). Huss & Langhinrichsen-Rohling, (2006) Ross & Babcock (2009)

Substance Use	NA	Page 37 Questions: 82a –i; 83a – i;	Substance use has frequently co-exists with IPV perpetration and been uniquely associated with violent incidents on days of consumption. Capaldi et al., (2012) Ruff et al., (2010) Testa et al., (2003) Ting et al., (2009)
Sexual Preference and Attraction	NA	Page 39 Questions: 84-86	Some research suggests that the rates and nature of IPV perpetration and victimization may be affected by the sexual orientation of the relationship (i.e., same-sex vs. heterosexual). Given that little is known about risk and protective factors and relationships dynamics among gay and lesbian populations, it critical to assess the potential that class of perpetrators may be influenced by sexuality. Edwards et al., 2015; Graham et al., 2016; Gonzalez-Guarda et al., (2013) Stiles-Shields & Carroll, 2015; Reidy et al., (2014) Walters et al., 2013
Gender Roles	NA	Page 40 Questions: 87a –k; 88a – p; 89a – k; 90a – k	Belief is rigid or stereotypical gender roles correlates to IPV. However there are number disitnctions among gender roles and the manner one (non)conforms and the potential forms of stress that may be associated with gender role conformity and IPV. Eaton & Matamala, (2014) Guerrero, (2009) Parrott & Zeichner (2003) Reidy et al., (2014)
Self-esteem and Self-efficacy	NA	Page 44 Questions: 91a –j; 92a –j	Research has found that both extremely high and low self-esteem correlate with IPV. Bassuk et al., (2006) Hamberger & Hastings, 1986; Kaufman Kantor & Straus, 1990; Pan et al., 1994 Straus, 1990a

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