Empirically Validated Intimate Partner Violence Screening Tools1 |
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TOOL |
FORM(S) OF IPV MEASURED |
FOCUS |
# OF ITEMS |
# STUDIES2 |
POPULATION(S) WITH WHICH VALIDATED |
|
Empirically Validated, Behaviorally Specific Tools (Multiple Forms of IPV) |
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Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) |
Physical violence Sexual violence |
Victimization |
3 |
1 of 1 |
Pregnant women visiting urban public prenatal clinics |
|
Abuse Screening Inventory |
Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse (separate scales) |
Victimization |
1 each |
1 of 1 |
Swedish women, 15-58 years, 24.5% high school degree, 20.8% senior high school degree |
|
Unnamed Bonomi (2005) Measure |
Physical violence Emotional abuse |
Victimization |
3 |
1 of 1 |
English- and Spanish-speaking women > 18 who had previously reported an IPV incident to police or who had received an IPV-related civil protection order, < high school degree = 11%, high school degree or vocational training = 32% |
|
Brief Inpatient Screen |
Emotional, physical, sexual |
Victimization |
1 (with 3 parts) |
1 of 1 |
Women ages 18-64 admitted to medical or surgical services (inpatient) |
|
Composite Abuse Scale |
Physical, emotional abuse, severe combined abuse, and harassment |
Victimization |
10, 9, 17, and 7 |
1 of 1 |
Australian women nurses |
|
Dating Violence Questionnaire Revised (DVQ-R) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence Coercive control |
Victimization |
20 |
1 |
Adolescents from general population (Rodriguez-Diaz et al 2017) |
|
Dating Abuse Perpetration Acts Scale (DAPAS) |
Physical violence Sexual violence |
Perpetration |
24 |
1 |
Adolescents between 15 and 21 years old; patient in the ER seeking treatment for a non-emergency medical problem. Modified from Safe Dates (Goncy 2016) |
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Gay Abuse Screening Protocol (GASP) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence |
Victimization |
2 |
1 of 1 |
English-speaking gay men > 18 years old, involved in a gay relationship for > 6 months, 9% < high school degree |
|
Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick (HARK) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence |
Victimization |
4 |
1 of 1 |
Women > 17 years old in an intimate relationship in the last year recruited from a primary practice |
|
Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream (HITS) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse |
Victimization |
4 |
3 of 4 |
Tested with various adult populations:
Partnered women > 18 years old |
|
(Extended) Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream (E-HITS) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence |
Victimization |
5 |
1 of 1 |
Female veterans seen for medical appointments who were in a relationship in the past year, 22.5% < high school degree or GED |
|
Mediator’s Assessment of Safety Concerns (MASIC) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence Coercive control |
Victimization |
37 |
1 of 1 |
Family mediation clinic clients in a heterosexual relationship |
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NorVold Abuse Questionnaire |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence (sub-scales separately validated) |
Victimization |
13 |
1 of 1 |
Swedish women aged 18-64 |
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Ongoing Abuse Screen (OAS) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence Fear |
Victimization |
5 |
1 of 2
|
Emergency department patients |
|
Ongoing Violence Assessment Tool (OVAT) |
Severe physical violence Emotional abuse |
Victimization |
4 |
2 of 2 |
Emergency department patients |
|
Partner Violence Screen (PVS) |
Physical violence Perceived safety (sub-scales separately validated) |
Victimization |
3 |
2 of 4 |
Various adult populations:
|
|
Partner Violence Interview |
Physical violence Sexual violence |
Victimization Perpetration |
14 |
1 of 1 |
Homeless young men and women 18-21 years old in a private non-profit shelter/transitional housing facility |
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Perpetrator Rapid Scale (PERPS) |
Sexual abuse Physical abuse |
Victimization |
3 |
1 of 1 |
Spanish or English speaking males and females >18 in the triage or lobby area of ED |
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Relationship Behavior Rating Scale (RBRS) - Revised3 |
Psychological abuse Sexual abuse Physical abuse Physical injury |
Victimization |
30 |
1 of 1 |
Male and female undergraduates enrolled in psychology courses who reported a current romantic relationship of at least 3 months during the past year |
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STaT (Slaps, Throws, and Threatens) Screen |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence |
Victimization |
3 |
2 of 2 |
Two adult populations:
|
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STaT Spanish version |
Physical violence Emotional abuse |
Victimization |
2 |
1 of 1 |
Spanish-speaking female hospital outpatients, 18-64 years old |
|
Physical violence Sexual violence Emotional abuse |
Victimization Perpetration |
27 21 |
1 of 1 |
Convenience sample of youth aged 13-21 recruited through mental health and school counselors, clinicians, and college campus faculty; primarily White (67%), heterosexual (88%), and female (70%). |
|
|
Physical violence Emotional abuse Coercive control
|
Victimization |
3 4 (single items) |
1 of 1 |
Low-income, African American female emergency department patients who indicated experiencing some form of intimate partner violence |
|
|
Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse |
Victimization |
7 (and 1 total)
|
1 of 1 |
|
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Women’s Abuse Screening Tool-Short Form (WAST-Short) |
Abuse |
Victimization |
2 of 7 WAST items |
2 of 3 |
|
|
Unnamed Zink (2007) Measure5 |
Relationship conflict Perceived safety |
Victimization |
5 |
1 of 1 |
English-speaking mothers in primary care waiting rooms with > 1 child age 3-13 in a relationship with a steady partner for > 1 year, 60% < high school degree |
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Empirically Validated, Behaviorally Specific Tools or Scales from Larger Measures (Single Form of IPV) |
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Checklist of Controlling Behaviors |
Coercive control |
Perpetration |
16 |
1 of 1 |
Male undergraduate, graduate, and professional students |
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Coercive Control Survey – Coercion subscale (Dutton, 2006 |
Coercive control |
Victimization
|
31 |
1 of 1 |
Urban men and women > 17 years old |
|
Multidimensional Emotional Abuse Scale |
Emotional abuse Coercive control (Restrictive engulfment, hostile withdrawal, denigration, domination/ Intimidation) |
Victimization Perpetration |
54 |
1 of 1 |
Undergraduate, never married, in current dating relationship
|
|
Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA)- Physical |
Physical violence |
Victimization |
15 |
1 (full ISA not validated) |
Women 18-65 years, insured by a managed care organization or Medicaid, who had ever been in an intimate, sexual relationship with a man for > 3 months < High school: 11% |
|
Coercive control6 (scored to estimate risk of physical violence) |
Victimization |
15 |
1 of 1 |
Women > 19 years old; clients in mental health, social service, and medical agencies; in a heterosexual relationship > 1 year; 26% high school degree |
|
|
Jellinek Inventory for Assessing Partner Violence |
Physical violence |
Victimization Perpetration |
2 2 |
1 of 1
|
Dutch substance abuse treatment patients > 18 years old who met DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse or dependence |
|
Partner-Directed Insults Scale |
Emotional abuse Controlling behavior |
Victimization (women) Perpetration (men) |
47 |
1 of 1
|
Two student populations:
|
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*Subtle and Overt Scale of Psycho-logical Abuse |
Emotional abuse |
Victimization |
65 |
1 of 1 |
New mothers 18 -40 years old involved in a romantic relationship for at least 6 weeks, 20% < high school degree |
|
Trauma Quest-ionnaire |
Domestic violence Threats of domestic violence |
Victimization |
27 (single items) |
1 of 1 |
Female veterans seen for medical appointments |
|
Violence in Adolescents’ Dating Relationships Inventory (VADRI) |
|
Victimization Perpetration |
26 26 |
1 |
|
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Women’s Experiences with Battering (WEB) Scale |
Coercive control
|
Victimization |
10 |
2 of 2 |
|
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Empirically Validated, Risk-Based Tools |
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Chinese Risk Assessment Tool for Victims (CRAT-V) |
Risk of any IPV |
Victimization |
268 |
1 of 1 |
Women of Chinese ethnicity > 16 years old, married or cohabiting, and able to speak Cantonese, Mandarin, or English |
|
Chinese Risk Assessment Tool for Perpetrators (CRAT-P) |
Risk of any IPV |
Perpetration |
359 |
1 of 1 |
Men of Chinese ethnicity > 16 years old, married or cohabiting, and able to speak Cantonese, Putonghua, or English |
|
Risk of any IPV |
Perpetration |
11 |
1 of 1 |
Persons > 16 years old convicted of any family violence |
|
|
Unnamed Datner (2007) Risk Measure |
Physical violence |
Victimization |
5 |
1 of 1 |
Pregnant teens and pregnant adult women |
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Other Published, Non-Validated Tools Tested with Youth |
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TOOL |
FORM(S) OF IPV MEASURED |
FOCUS |
# OF ITEMS |
STUDIES10 |
POPULATION(S) WITH WHICH TESTED |
|
Abuse Assessment Screen Adaptations |
Physical violence Sexual violence (Fear) |
Victimization |
3
3
1 |
NA
NA
NA |
English-speaking mothers younger than 18 at conception who delivered a live infant and presented to the postpartum unit at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (Harner, 2004) Mothers 18 or younger who delivered a healthy infant at the University of Texas Medical Branch—Galveston (Harrykissoon et al., 2002; Wiemann et al., 2000) Medicaid-eligible women between ages 13 and 40 who initiated maternity care coordination services in a county health department in North Carolina (Covington et al., 1997; 2001) |
|
Add Health Measure (adapted from Conflict Tactics Scales) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse |
Victimization |
5 |
NA |
Nationally representative sample of adolescents in school, aged 11 to 21 |
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Attitudes Toward Dating Violence (AMDV) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence |
|
76 |
2 |
High school students, Canada and Mexico |
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Attitudes about Aggression in Dating Situations (AADS) |
Physical violence |
Perpetration |
12 |
2 |
High school students, NY and Spain (Slep et al 2001) |
|
Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence Coercive control |
Victimization Perpetration |
25 |
NA |
Two youth populations:
|
|
Conflict Tactics Scales Adaptations (for youth and young adults) |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Sexual violence |
Victimization Perpetration |
1 for each type of abuse (not all studies assessed emotional abuse) |
NA
NA
|
Pregnant women aged 14-25 from university affiliated OBGYN clinics that served mostly low-income, minority women (Agrawal et al., 2014) Pregnant women aged 14-21 and their romantic partners visiting OBGYN clinics and an ultrasound clinic at 4 university-affiliated hospitals in Connecticut (Gibson et al., 2015; Kershaw et al., 2013; Lewis et al., 2016)
|
|
Fragile Families Study Measure |
Physical violence Emotional abuse Coercive control |
Victimization |
7 |
NA |
Nationally representative survey of non-marital hospital births in 20 large American cities (27% of mothers and 13% of fathers were younger than 20 at enrollment; 5% of mothers were younger than 18) |
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Victimization in Dating Relationships (Safe Dates) |
Physical violence |
Victimization
|
16 |
NA |
Middle school aged youth in rural North Carolina |
|
Perpetration in Dating Relationships (Safe Dates) |
Physical violence |
Perpetration |
16 |
NA |
Middle school aged youth in rural North Carolina |
|
Psychological Abuse (Safe Dates) |
Emotional abuse
|
Victimization Perpetration |
14 14 |
NA |
Middle school aged youth in rural North Carolina |
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1 This table includes empirically validated tools, defined as those with a published measure of accuracy or validity (e.g., correlation with another known measure) and sensitivity greater than or equal to 50%. The final section of the table includes additional tools tested in specific populations, which did not meet review criteria for empirical validation based on published studies, but may be of interest to readers due to a lack of empirically validated IPV tools tested in those populations.
2 # studies meeting criteria/#total # studies with data
3 Shortened and revised from RBRS
4Universal Violence Prevention Screen includes 5 single items; 3 of the 5 items had adequate sensitivity
5 This tool may be of interest to some practitioners because it avoids using graphic language and was designed for use with mothers in front of their children. However, the sensitivity is very low (46% for the 3-item combination).
6Author calls it ethical dynamics of couple relationships.
7There are 10 items on the scale and a composite, each was validated individually and all but the two included here are not IPV.
8 CRAT-V included one factor – sexual abuse history in past year – without a number of items; we’ve considered it to be 1 item.
9 CRAT-P doesn’t explicitly say that one of the factors – Criminal History – is only 1 item but the text says it is categorical; we’ve considered it to be 1 item.
10 # studies meeting criteria/#total # studies with data
File Type | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
Author | Tasseli McKay |
File Modified | 0000-00-00 |
File Created | 2021-01-21 |