BLS The Employment Situation June 2017

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 2, 2017

USDL-17-0732

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2017
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 138,000 in May, and the unemployment rate was
little changed at 4.3 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in
health care and mining.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
May 2015 – May 2017

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted, May 2015 – May 2017

Percent

Thousands

7.0

450
400

6.0

350
300

5.0

250
200
150

4.0

100
50

3.0
May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17

0
-50
May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17

Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate, at 4.3 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 6.9 million,
changed little in May. Since January, the unemployment rate has declined by 0.5 percentage point, and
the number of unemployed has decreased by 774,000. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Whites edged down to 3.7 percent in
May. The jobless rates for Blacks (7.5 percent), Asians (3.6 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent), as
well as those for adult men (3.8 percent), adult women (4.0 percent), and teenagers (14.3 percent),
showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
declined by 211,000 to 3.3 million in May. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27
weeks or more) was essentially unchanged over the month at 1.7 million and accounted for 24.0 percent
of the unemployed. (See tables A-11 and A-12.)
The labor force participation rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.7 percent in May but has
shown no clear trend over the past 12 months. The employment-population ratio edged down to 60.0
percent in May. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.2 million in May. These individuals, who would
have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or
because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)
In May, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 238,000 from a
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 355,000 discouraged workers in May, down by 183,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work for reasons
such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 138,000 in May, compared with an average monthly
gain of 181,000 over the prior 12 months. In May, job gains occurred in health care and mining. (See
table B-1.)
Employment in health care rose by 24,000 in May. Hospitals added 7,000 jobs over the month, and
employment in ambulatory health care services continued to trend up (+13,000). Job growth in health
care has averaged 22,000 per month thus far in 2017, compared with an average monthly gain of 32,000
in 2016.
Mining added 7,000 jobs in May. Employment in mining has risen by 47,000 since reaching a recent
low point in October 2016, with most of the gain in support activities for mining.
In May, employment in professional and business services continued to trend up (+38,000). The
industry has added an average of 46,000 jobs per month thus far this year, in line with the average
monthly job gain in 2016.
Employment in food services and drinking places also continued to trend up in May (+30,000) and has
grown by 267,000 over the past 12 months.

-2-

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail
trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, showed
little change over the month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in
May. In manufacturing, the workweek also was unchanged at 40.7 hours, while overtime edged up by
0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4 cents to
$26.22. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 63 cents, or 2.5 percent. In May, average
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 3 cents to
$22.00. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down from +79,000 to +50,000,
and the change for April was revised down from +211,000 to +174,000. With these revisions,
employment gains in March and April combined were 66,000 less than previously reported. Monthly
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains
have averaged 121,000 per month.
_____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 7, 2017, at
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Change from:
Apr. 2017May 2017

May
2017

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

253,174
158,510
62.6
151,058
59.7
7,451
4.7
94,665

254,414
160,201
63.0
153,000
60.1
7,202
4.5
94,213

254,588
160,213
62.9
153,156
60.2
7,056
4.4
94,375

254,767
159,784
62.7
152,923
60.0
6,861
4.3
94,983

179
-429
-0.2
-233
-0.2
-195
-0.1
608

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.7
4.3
4.2
16.2
4.1
8.2
4.1
5.6

4.5
4.3
4.0
13.7
3.9
8.0
3.3
5.1

4.4
4.0
4.1
14.7
3.8
7.9
3.2
5.2

4.3
3.8
4.0
14.3
3.7
7.5
3.6
5.2

-0.1
-0.2
-0.1
-0.4
-0.1
-0.4
0.4
0.0

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.8
7.2
5.1
3.8
2.4

3.8
6.8
4.9
3.7
2.5

3.6
6.5
4.6
3.7
2.4

3.6
6.1
4.7
4.0
2.3

0.0
-0.4
0.1
0.3
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,578
803
2,215
865

3,519
798
2,066
790

3,538
789
2,032
712

3,327
804
2,100
656

-211
15
68
-56

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,197
2,251
1,174
1,893

2,334
2,109
1,115
1,687

2,335
2,135
1,108
1,626

2,154
1,960
1,157
1,663

-181
-175
49
37

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

6,409
3,879
2,064
20,611

5,553
3,402
1,852
20,723

5,272
3,174
1,802
20,700

5,219
3,082
1,789
21,020

-53
-92
-13
320

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,713
538

1,595
460

1,534
455

1,475
355

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43
17
-44
-9
-14
-21
-23
-5.5
2
61
-4.0
8.8
6.4
-2.0
-42
14
28
-17.1
49
41.5
9
-7
26

50
59
17
6
0
11
6
2.0
5
42
-3.0
-39.5
3.9
-0.5
-8
4
58
12.8
16
18.7
11
0
-9

174
173
19
9
-1
11
6
2.0
5
154
6.0
-5.8
-0.2
-0.5
-15
14
38
4.1
50
44.9
58
9
1

138
147
16
6
11
-1
2
-1.5
-3
131
-2.1
-6.1
3.6
-1.3
-2
11
38
12.9
47
32.3
31
12
-9

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

140
121

166
162

152
151

121
126

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.5
48.1
82.3

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

34.4
$25.59
$880.30
105.1
0.1
128.5
0.2

34.3
$26.13
$896.26
106.3
0.0
132.8
0.2

34.4
$26.18
$900.59
106.8
0.5
133.7
0.7

34.4
$26.22
$901.97
106.9
0.1
134.0
0.2

47.7
39.7

55.4
53.8

61.3
55.1

54.8
48.1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 634,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

253,174
158,800
62.7
151,594
59.9
7,207
4.5
94,374
6,449

254,588
159,817
62.8
153,262
60.2
6,555
4.1
94,771
5,560

254,767
159,979
62.8
153,407
60.2
6,572
4.1
94,788
5,976

253,174
158,510
62.6
151,058
59.7
7,451
4.7
94,665
5,912

254,082
159,716
62.9
152,081
59.9
7,635
4.8
94,366
5,739

254,246
160,056
63.0
152,528
60.0
7,528
4.7
94,190
5,597

254,414
160,201
63.0
153,000
60.1
7,202
4.5
94,213
5,781

254,588
160,213
62.9
153,156
60.2
7,056
4.4
94,375
5,707

254,767
159,784
62.7
152,923
60.0
6,861
4.3
94,983
5,561

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,316
84,524
69.1
80,673
66.0
3,851
4.6
37,792

123,032
84,851
69.0
81,341
66.1
3,509
4.1
38,181

123,120
85,007
69.0
81,572
66.3
3,436
4.0
38,113

122,316
84,367
69.0
80,389
65.7
3,979
4.7
37,948

122,781
85,096
69.3
81,013
66.0
4,083
4.8
37,685

122,862
85,194
69.3
81,141
66.0
4,053
4.8
37,668

122,945
85,076
69.2
81,136
66.0
3,940
4.6
37,870

123,032
85,175
69.2
81,419
66.2
3,755
4.4
37,857

123,120
84,896
69.0
81,290
66.0
3,606
4.2
38,224

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

113,844
81,637
71.7
78,241
68.7
3,396
4.2
32,208

114,538
82,019
71.6
78,922
68.9
3,096
3.8
32,519

114,627
82,130
71.6
79,126
69.0
3,004
3.7
32,497

113,844
81,420
71.5
77,926
68.4
3,493
4.3
32,425

114,297
82,113
71.8
78,503
68.7
3,609
4.4
32,184

114,375
82,138
71.8
78,573
68.7
3,564
4.3
32,237

114,455
82,046
71.7
78,556
68.6
3,491
4.3
32,409

114,538
82,091
71.7
78,838
68.8
3,253
4.0
32,447

114,627
81,942
71.5
78,801
68.7
3,141
3.8
32,685

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130,858
74,276
56.8
70,921
54.2
3,356
4.5
56,582

131,556
74,967
57.0
71,921
54.7
3,046
4.1
56,590

131,647
74,972
56.9
71,835
54.6
3,136
4.2
56,675

130,858
74,142
56.7
70,670
54.0
3,473
4.7
56,716

131,301
74,621
56.8
71,069
54.1
3,552
4.8
56,681

131,384
74,862
57.0
71,388
54.3
3,475
4.6
56,521

131,469
75,126
57.1
71,863
54.7
3,262
4.3
56,343

131,556
75,038
57.0
71,737
54.5
3,301
4.4
56,518

131,647
74,887
56.9
71,633
54.4
3,255
4.3
56,759

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,622
71,366
58.2
68,496
55.9
2,870
4.0
51,256

123,296
72,181
58.5
69,474
56.3
2,707
3.7
51,116

123,386
72,085
58.4
69,340
56.2
2,745
3.8
51,300

122,622
71,226
58.1
68,218
55.6
3,008
4.2
51,396

123,052
71,686
58.3
68,550
55.7
3,136
4.4
51,366

123,131
72,011
58.5
68,932
56.0
3,079
4.3
51,119

123,212
72,160
58.6
69,271
56.2
2,890
4.0
51,052

123,296
72,136
58.5
69,213
56.1
2,922
4.1
51,161

123,386
71,988
58.3
69,105
56.0
2,883
4.0
51,398

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,708
5,797
34.7
4,857
29.1
940
16.2
10,911

16,754
5,618
33.5
4,866
29.0
752
13.4
11,136

16,754
5,764
34.4
4,941
29.5
823
14.3
10,991

16,708
5,864
35.1
4,914
29.4
950
16.2
10,844

16,734
5,917
35.4
5,028
30.0
890
15.0
10,816

16,740
5,907
35.3
5,023
30.0
884
15.0
10,833

16,747
5,995
35.8
5,173
30.9
822
13.7
10,752

16,754
5,986
35.7
5,105
30.5
881
14.7
10,768

16,754
5,854
34.9
5,017
29.9
837
14.3
10,901

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

198,013
124,590
62.9
119,686
60.4
4,904
3.9
73,423

198,685
124,676
62.8
120,214
60.5
4,462
3.6
74,009

198,775
124,722
62.7
120,375
60.6
4,346
3.5
74,053

198,013
124,271
62.8
119,198
60.2
5,074
4.1
73,742

198,453
124,675
62.8
119,311
60.1
5,364
4.3
73,778

198,525
124,856
62.9
119,740
60.3
5,116
4.1
73,669

198,604
125,046
63.0
120,180
60.5
4,866
3.9
73,557

198,685
124,925
62.9
120,142
60.5
4,783
3.8
73,760

198,775
124,481
62.6
119,896
60.3
4,585
3.7
74,294

65,104
72.0
62,777
69.4
2,327
3.6

65,263
71.9
63,103
69.5
2,160
3.3

65,380
72.0
63,293
69.7
2,087
3.2

64,935
71.8
62,498
69.1
2,437
3.8

65,345
72.1
62,730
69.2
2,615
4.0

65,362
72.0
62,877
69.3
2,485
3.8

65,219
71.9
62,850
69.2
2,369
3.6

65,306
71.9
63,053
69.4
2,253
3.4

65,217
71.8
62,999
69.3
2,218
3.4

54,925
57.7
53,017
55.7
1,908
3.5

55,066
57.6
53,269
55.8
1,798
3.3

54,933
57.5
53,169
55.6
1,764
3.2

54,727
57.5
52,749
55.4
1,977
3.6

54,798
57.4
52,646
55.2
2,152
3.9

54,988
57.6
52,949
55.5
2,039
3.7

55,153
57.8
53,211
55.7
1,942
3.5

54,983
57.6
53,049
55.5
1,935
3.5

54,785
57.3
52,927
55.4
1,858
3.4

4,560
36.9
3,892
31.5
668
14.7

4,346
35.2
3,842
31.1
504
11.6

4,408
35.7
3,914
31.7
495
11.2

4,610
37.3
3,951
32.0
659
14.3

4,531
36.7
3,934
31.9
597
13.2

4,505
36.5
3,913
31.7
592
13.1

4,674
37.9
4,119
33.4
555
11.9

4,635
37.5
4,040
32.7
595
12.8

4,479
36.3
3,970
32.2
508
11.4

31,828
19,424
61.0
17,865
56.1
1,559
8.0
12,403

32,161
20,046
62.3
18,577
57.8
1,469
7.3
12,116

32,193
20,082
62.4
18,593
57.8
1,489
7.4
12,111

31,828
19,433
61.1
17,844
56.1
1,589
8.2
12,394

32,063
19,993
62.4
18,445
57.5
1,548
7.7
12,070

32,095
19,998
62.3
18,378
57.3
1,620
8.1
12,097

32,128
20,002
62.3
18,409
57.3
1,593
8.0
12,126

32,161
20,110
62.5
18,514
57.6
1,597
7.9
12,051

32,193
20,075
62.4
18,560
57.7
1,515
7.5
12,118

8,926
67.4
8,248
62.3
677
7.6

9,135
68.1
8,505
63.4
630
6.9

9,103
67.8
8,511
63.3
593
6.5

8,893
67.1
8,224
62.1
669
7.5

9,106
68.1
8,437
63.1
669
7.3

9,081
67.8
8,369
62.5
713
7.8

9,132
68.1
8,384
62.6
747
8.2

9,169
68.3
8,496
63.3
673
7.3

9,063
67.5
8,475
63.1
588
6.5

9,773
60.8
9,089
56.6
684
7.0

10,185
62.8
9,530
58.7
655
6.4

10,178
62.7
9,497
58.5
681
6.7

9,821
61.1
9,099
56.6
721
7.3

10,124
62.6
9,450
58.4
673
6.7

10,162
62.7
9,438
58.3
724
7.1

10,173
62.7
9,497
58.6
676
6.6

10,168
62.7
9,470
58.4
698
6.9

10,224
62.9
9,513
58.6
712
7.0

726
28.9
528
21.0
198
27.3

726
28.9
542
21.6
184
25.3

801
31.9
586
23.3
215
26.8

720
28.7
521
20.8
199
27.6

764
30.4
558
22.2
205
26.9

754
30.0
571
22.7
183
24.3

697
27.7
528
21.0
169
24.3

773
30.8
547
21.8
226
29.3

787
31.3
572
22.8
215
27.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May
2016
14,938
9,422
63.1
9,055
60.6
367
3.9
5,516

Apr.
2017
15,389
9,749
63.4
9,448
61.4
301
3.1
5,640

May
2017
15,433
9,818
63.6
9,479
61.4
339
3.5
5,615

May
2016
14,938
9,432
63.1
9,047
60.6
385
4.1
5,506

Jan.
2017
15,157
9,641
63.6
9,281
61.2
360
3.7
5,517

Feb.
2017
15,228
9,709
63.8
9,377
61.6
332
3.4
5,519

Mar.
2017
15,285
9,635
63.0
9,318
61.0
317
3.3
5,650

Apr.
2017
15,389
9,761
63.4
9,446
61.4
316
3.2
5,628

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

May
2017
15,433
9,826
63.7
9,471
61.4
356
3.6
5,607

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

40,558
26,535
65.4
25,163
62.0
1,372
5.2
14,023

41,162
27,155
66.0
25,897
62.9
1,258
4.6
14,007

41,241
27,218
66.0
25,939
62.9
1,279
4.7
14,024

40,558
26,534
65.4
25,044
61.7
1,490
5.6
14,023

40,922
27,044
66.1
25,453
62.2
1,590
5.9
13,879

41,003
27,251
66.5
25,727
62.7
1,523
5.6
13,753

41,081
27,387
66.7
25,986
63.3
1,402
5.1
13,694

41,162
27,241
66.2
25,832
62.8
1,410
5.2
13,921

41,241
27,239
66.0
25,833
62.6
1,405
5.2
14,003

14,616
79.9
14,016
76.7
600
4.1

14,890
80.3
14,331
77.3
559
3.8

14,932
80.4
14,357
77.3
575
3.9

14,612
79.9
13,959
76.3
653
4.5

14,898
80.9
14,187
77.0
711
4.8

14,938
80.9
14,253
77.2
685
4.6

14,957
80.9
14,291
77.3
666
4.5

14,927
80.5
14,297
77.1
630
4.2

14,936
80.4
14,304
77.0
632
4.2

10,696
57.8
10,134
54.8
562
5.3

11,098
59.0
10,538
56.1
561
5.1

11,066
58.7
10,512
55.8
554
5.0

10,680
57.7
10,071
54.4
609
5.7

11,028
59.0
10,336
55.3
692
6.3

11,119
59.4
10,494
56.0
625
5.6

11,127
59.3
10,600
56.5
527
4.7

11,086
59.0
10,493
55.8
593
5.4

11,062
58.7
10,461
55.5
601
5.4

1,223
32.5
1,014
26.9
209
17.1

1,166
30.4
1,028
26.8
138
11.9

1,220
31.8
1,070
27.9
150
12.3

1,242
33.0
1,014
26.9
228
18.4

1,117
29.3
930
24.4
187
16.7

1,193
31.3
980
25.7
214
17.9

1,304
34.1
1,095
28.6
209
16.0

1,228
32.1
1,042
27.2
186
15.2

1,240
32.3
1,068
27.8
172
13.9

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,786
45.9
10,064
42.8
722
6.7

10,249
45.6
9,594
42.7
656
6.4

10,620
46.5
10,038
43.9
582
5.5

10,488
44.6
9,734
41.4
754
7.2

10,533
45.3
9,725
41.8
808
7.7

10,229
46.1
9,424
42.5
806
7.9

10,139
45.1
9,450
42.1
689
6.8

10,041
44.7
9,385
41.8
656
6.5

10,299
45.1
9,671
42.3
628
6.1

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,688
57.4
33,993
54.7
1,695
4.8

36,186
58.0
34,603
55.4
1,583
4.4

36,127
57.9
34,535
55.4
1,592
4.4

35,609
57.3
33,800
54.4
1,809
5.1

35,443
57.9
33,580
54.9
1,863
5.3

35,853
57.9
34,078
55.0
1,776
5.0

36,092
57.8
34,315
54.9
1,778
4.9

36,032
57.7
34,374
55.1
1,658
4.6

35,909
57.6
34,211
54.9
1,697
4.7

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,776
66.1
36,416
63.7
1,361
3.6

37,854
65.8
36,532
63.5
1,321
3.5

37,187
65.4
35,786
63.0
1,401
3.8

37,801
66.2
36,347
63.6
1,454
3.8

38,007
65.7
36,563
63.2
1,444
3.8

37,754
65.8
36,245
63.2
1,509
4.0

37,851
66.1
36,454
63.7
1,397
3.7

37,850
65.8
36,465
63.4
1,385
3.7

37,433
65.9
35,941
63.3
1,492
4.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

53,448
74.4
52,247
72.7
1,201
2.2

54,821
74.1
53,585
72.4
1,236
2.3

55,146
74.0
53,978
72.4
1,168
2.1

53,402
74.3
52,100
72.5
1,303
2.4

54,271
73.8
52,925
72.0
1,346
2.5

54,804
73.5
53,498
71.8
1,306
2.4

54,653
73.9
53,308
72.0
1,345
2.5

54,764
74.0
53,426
72.2
1,338
2.4

55,039
73.8
53,760
72.1
1,278
2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

May
2016

Men
May
2017

May
2016

Women
May
2017

May
2016

May
2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,937
10,561
50.4
10,198
48.7
363
3.4
10,376

20,593
10,036
48.7
9,697
47.1
340
3.4
10,557

18,924
9,327
49.3
9,016
47.6
312
3.3
9,597

18,565
8,868
47.8
8,573
46.2
294
3.3
9,697

2,013
1,234
61.3
1,183
58.8
51
4.1
779

2,028
1,169
57.6
1,123
55.4
45
3.9
859

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,905
3,133
80.2
3,008
77.0
125
4.0
772

4,156
3,300
79.4
3,149
75.8
151
4.6
856

3,195
2,634
82.4
2,529
79.1
105
4.0
561

3,397
2,760
81.3
2,628
77.4
132
4.8
637

711
500
70.3
480
67.5
20
4.0
211

759
540
71.1
521
68.6
19
3.5
220

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,320
2,665
80.3
2,600
78.3
65
2.4
655

3,279
2,560
78.1
2,494
76.1
66
2.6
719

2,836
2,279
80.4
2,224
78.4
55
2.4
557

2,811
2,218
78.9
2,171
77.2
46
2.1
594

483
386
79.8
376
77.8
10
2.5
98

468
343
73.2
323
69.0
20
5.8
125

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,540
2,150
25.2
2,085
24.4
66
3.1
6,390

8,106
1,828
22.5
1,766
21.8
62
3.4
6,278

8,234
2,084
25.3
2,025
24.6
59
2.8
6,150

7,813
1,783
22.8
1,721
22.0
62
3.5
6,030

306
67
21.8
59
19.4
7
–
239

293
45
15.3
45
15.3
0
–
248

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,172
2,613
50.5
2,505
48.4
107
4.1
2,559

5,052
2,349
46.5
2,288
45.3
61
2.6
2,703

4,659
2,331
50.0
2,237
48.0
94
4.0
2,328

4,544
2,107
46.4
2,053
45.2
54
2.6
2,437

513
281
54.9
268
52.2
14
4.9
232

508
242
47.6
235
46.3
7
2.7
266

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

223,294
146,177
65.5
139,732
62.6
6,445
4.4
77,117

225,332
147,854
65.6
141,908
63.0
5,946
4.0
77,478

98,902
74,202
75.0
70,856
71.6
3,345
4.5
24,701

100,141
75,159
75.1
72,152
72.1
3,007
4.0
24,982

124,392
71,976
57.9
68,876
55.4
3,100
4.3
52,416

125,191
72,695
58.1
69,755
55.7
2,939
4.0
52,496

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

May
2016

May
2017

Persons with no disability
May
2016

May
2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,209
6,186
20.5
5,583
18.5
603
9.7
24,023

30,732
6,326
20.6
5,722
18.6
604
9.5
24,406

222,965
152,614
68.4
146,010
65.5
6,604
4.3
70,351

224,035
153,653
68.6
147,685
65.9
5,968
3.9
70,382

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,804
35.6
2,517
32.0
287
10.2
5,073

2,722
34.4
2,457
31.0
265
9.7
5,194

76,583
82.3
73,169
78.6
3,414
4.5
16,504

76,969
82.6
73,958
79.4
3,011
3.9
16,160

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,233
27.7
1,989
24.7
245
11.0
5,830

2,565
31.0
2,279
27.5
286
11.2
5,716

67,910
70.5
64,927
67.4
2,983
4.4
28,427

68,046
70.8
65,362
68.0
2,684
3.9
28,042

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,149
8.0
1,078
7.6
71
6.2
13,120

1,039
7.2
986
6.8
53
5.1
13,495

8,122
24.2
7,915
23.6
207
2.5
25,421

8,637
24.8
8,364
24.0
273
3.2
26,181

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

May
2016

Men
May
2017

May
2016

Women
May
2017

May
2016

May
2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

40,693
26,243
64.5
25,274
62.1
969
3.7
14,450

41,390
27,315
66.0
26,290
63.5
1,025
3.8
14,075

19,810
15,269
77.1
14,781
74.6
489
3.2
4,541

20,132
15,737
78.2
15,258
75.8
479
3.0
4,395

20,882
10,973
52.5
10,493
50.3
480
4.4
9,909

21,259
11,578
54.5
11,031
51.9
547
4.7
9,680

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

212,482
132,557
62.4
126,319
59.4
6,238
4.7
79,925

213,377
132,664
62.2
127,117
59.6
5,547
4.2
80,713

102,506
69,255
67.6
65,892
64.3
3,362
4.9
33,251

102,989
69,271
67.3
66,314
64.4
2,957
4.3
33,718

109,976
63,303
57.6
60,427
54.9
2,875
4.5
46,674

110,388
63,393
57.4
60,804
55.1
2,590
4.1
46,995

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

2,620
1,695
899
26
148,974
139,978
20,889
119,089
732
118,357
8,914
82

2,587
1,663
900
24
150,676
142,061
20,901
121,160
680
120,480
8,563
53

2,564
1,676
865
23
150,843
142,130
21,015
121,115
655
120,460
8,660
53

2,567
1,668
864
–
148,477
139,677
20,615
119,043
–
118,319
8,807
–

2,418
1,633
795
–
149,582
140,952
20,796
120,189
–
119,467
8,552
–

2,458
1,603
841
–
150,026
141,101
20,843
120,258
–
119,535
8,826
–

2,499
1,647
853
–
150,429
141,663
20,858
120,904
–
120,148
8,707
–

2,646
1,730
879
–
150,481
141,931
20,683
121,281
–
120,592
8,489
–

2,507
1,645
833
–
150,417
141,849
20,772
121,096
–
120,441
8,550
–

6,238
3,721
2,162
20,888

5,058
3,059
1,767
21,257

5,038
2,921
1,860
21,373

6,409
3,879
2,064
20,611

5,840
3,583
1,944
20,487

5,704
3,574
1,864
20,773

5,553
3,402
1,852
20,723

5,272
3,174
1,802
20,700

5,219
3,082
1,789
21,020

6,188
3,685
2,156
20,492

4,990
3,019
1,750
20,849

4,994
2,900
1,853
21,060

6,343
3,828
2,059
20,215

5,769
3,535
1,947
20,136

5,637
3,540
1,853
20,445

5,502
3,386
1,842
20,396

5,197
3,130
1,781
20,349

5,154
3,045
1,776
20,677

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

151,594
4,857
1,663
3,194
146,737
14,018
132,719
98,203
33,707
31,693
32,803
34,516

153,262
4,866
1,699
3,167
148,396
14,082
134,314
98,920
34,455
31,833
32,633
35,394

153,407
4,941
1,802
3,138
148,466
14,130
134,337
98,867
34,291
31,929
32,647
35,469

151,058
4,914
1,739
3,185
146,144
14,072
131,996
97,795
33,549
31,579
32,668
34,201

152,081
5,028
1,813
3,219
147,054
14,070
132,956
98,190
34,136
31,553
32,502
34,765

152,528
5,023
1,779
3,252
147,505
14,181
133,252
98,371
34,247
31,614
32,511
34,880

153,000
5,173
1,904
3,269
147,826
14,198
133,639
98,557
34,460
31,592
32,506
35,081

153,156
5,105
1,884
3,244
148,051
14,247
133,741
98,649
34,413
31,745
32,491
35,092

152,923
5,017
1,888
3,145
147,906
14,177
133,647
98,481
34,160
31,794
32,527
35,166

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80,673
2,432
801
1,631
78,241
7,205
71,036
52,657
18,224
17,127
17,306
18,379

81,341
2,419
853
1,566
78,922
7,214
71,708
52,800
18,415
17,234
17,151
18,908

81,572
2,446
846
1,600
79,126
7,344
71,782
52,874
18,426
17,247
17,201
18,909

80,389
2,462
831
1,634
77,926
7,214
70,654
52,439
18,142
17,057
17,240
18,215

81,013
2,509
871
1,641
78,503
7,302
71,202
52,705
18,472
17,048
17,185
18,497

81,141
2,567
895
1,677
78,573
7,223
71,299
52,687
18,408
17,072
17,206
18,612

81,136
2,581
947
1,636
78,556
7,241
71,315
52,640
18,445
17,086
17,108
18,675

81,419
2,581
957
1,631
78,838
7,293
71,532
52,770
18,426
17,217
17,127
18,762

81,290
2,489
884
1,614
78,801
7,335
71,422
52,678
18,362
17,169
17,147
18,743

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70,921
2,424
862
1,563
68,496
6,813
61,683
45,546
15,483
14,566
15,498
16,137

71,921
2,447
846
1,601
69,474
6,868
62,606
46,120
16,039
14,599
15,481
16,486

71,835
2,495
956
1,538
69,340
6,786
62,555
45,994
15,865
14,682
15,447
16,561

70,670
2,452
907
1,551
68,218
6,858
61,342
45,356
15,407
14,521
15,428
15,986

71,069
2,518
942
1,578
68,550
6,767
61,754
45,485
15,664
14,505
15,317
16,269

71,388
2,456
884
1,574
68,932
6,957
61,953
45,685
15,838
14,541
15,305
16,268

71,863
2,593
956
1,633
69,271
6,958
62,324
45,918
16,014
14,505
15,398
16,406

71,737
2,524
927
1,614
69,213
6,954
62,209
45,879
15,987
14,528
15,364
16,330

71,633
2,528
1,004
1,531
69,105
6,842
62,226
45,803
15,798
14,624
15,380
16,423

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,215
35,279
9,831

46,135
36,079
9,654

45,968
36,275
9,470

45,007
35,183
–

45,593
35,402
–

46,017
35,640
–

45,907
35,992
–

46,029
35,918
–

45,784
36,121
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,548
28,046

125,532
27,731

125,911
27,496

123,232
27,928

124,705
27,405

125,031
27,554

125,507
27,603

125,987
27,233

125,620
27,366

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,472
4.9

7,609
5.0

7,584
4.9

7,428
4.9

7,562
5.0

7,822
5.1

7,960
5.2

7,683
5.0

7,589
5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,476
9,813

5,861
9,463

5,742
9,525

–
9,671

–
9,347

–
9,667

–
9,560

–
9,368

–
9,383

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,451
950
391
541
6,502
1,268
5,245
4,069
1,780
1,137
1,152
1,184

7,056
881
379
465
6,176
1,118
5,041
3,910
1,576
1,190
1,144
1,160

6,861
837
285
536
6,024
1,014
5,022
3,928
1,747
1,092
1,089
1,121

4.7
16.2
18.4
14.5
4.3
8.3
3.8
4.0
5.0
3.5
3.4
3.3

4.8
15.0
16.0
14.5
4.4
8.3
3.9
4.1
4.9
3.9
3.3
3.5

4.7
15.0
18.0
13.5
4.3
8.0
3.9
4.1
4.8
4.1
3.2
3.4

4.5
13.7
17.4
11.2
4.1
7.3
3.8
3.9
4.5
3.9
3.2
3.4

4.4
14.7
16.8
12.5
4.0
7.3
3.6
3.8
4.4
3.6
3.4
3.2

4.3
14.3
13.1
14.6
3.9
6.7
3.6
3.8
4.9
3.3
3.2
3.1

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,979
485
196
280
3,493
703
2,811
2,121
972
590
560
690

3,755
502
181
295
3,253
668
2,564
1,945
846
601
499
619

3,606
465
140
315
3,141
632
2,517
1,961
895
534
531
557

4.7
16.5
19.1
14.6
4.3
8.9
3.8
3.9
5.1
3.3
3.1
3.6

4.8
15.9
17.2
15.1
4.4
9.3
3.8
4.0
4.9
3.9
3.1
3.3

4.8
16.0
17.7
15.3
4.3
9.4
3.8
3.9
5.0
3.8
3.0
3.4

4.6
14.8
17.7
12.8
4.3
8.5
3.8
3.9
4.8
3.8
3.1
3.4

4.4
16.3
15.9
15.3
4.0
8.4
3.5
3.6
4.4
3.4
2.8
3.2

4.2
15.7
13.7
16.4
3.8
7.9
3.4
3.6
4.6
3.0
3.0
2.9

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,473
464
195
260
3,008
565
2,434
1,948
808
547
593
522

3,301
379
198
169
2,922
451
2,477
1,964
730
589
645
548

3,255
372
145
221
2,883
383
2,504
1,967
852
557
558
583

4.7
15.9
17.7
14.4
4.2
7.6
3.8
4.1
5.0
3.6
3.7
3.2

4.8
14.2
14.8
13.8
4.4
7.1
4.0
4.2
5.0
4.1
3.5
3.6

4.6
13.9
18.3
11.6
4.3
6.5
4.0
4.2
4.6
4.5
3.5
3.5

4.3
12.6
17.0
9.6
4.0
6.0
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.1
3.4
3.3

4.4
13.1
17.6
9.5
4.1
6.1
3.8
4.1
4.4
3.9
4.0
3.2

4.3
12.8
12.6
12.6
4.0
5.3
3.9
4.1
5.1
3.7
3.5
3.4

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,225
1,035
694

1,136
1,021
615

1,082
945
688

2.6
2.9
6.6

2.7
3.1
6.3

2.6
3.1
6.5

2.6
2.8
5.5

2.4
2.8
6.0

2.3
2.5
6.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,086
1,342

5,613
1,425

5,488
1,366

4.7
4.6

4.8
4.8

4.6
5.1

4.4
4.9

4.3
5.0

4.2
4.8

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

May
2016

Apr.
2017

Seasonally adjusted

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,322
645
2,677
1,955
722
744
2,305
835

3,369
794
2,576
1,795
781
726
1,858
602

3,017
575
2,442
1,699
743
741
2,187
628

3,578
836
2,742
1,985
757
803
2,215
865

3,713
1,062
2,651
1,981
670
862
2,170
813

3,709
979
2,730
2,042
688
802
2,197
773

3,519
953
2,567
1,819
748
798
2,066
790

3,538
934
2,604
1,806
799
789
2,032
712

3,327
814
2,513
1,741
772
804
2,100
656

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

46.1
9.0
37.1
10.3
32.0
11.6

51.4
12.1
39.3
11.1
28.4
9.2

45.9
8.7
37.2
11.3
33.3
9.5

48.0
11.2
36.7
10.8
29.7
11.6

49.1
14.0
35.1
11.4
28.7
10.8

49.6
13.1
36.5
10.7
29.4
10.3

49.1
13.3
35.8
11.1
28.8
11.0

50.0
13.2
36.8
11.2
28.7
10.1

48.3
11.8
36.5
11.7
30.5
9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.1
0.5
1.5
0.5

2.1
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.4
0.4

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.5

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

Seasonally adjusted
May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,243
1,850
3,113
1,219
1,894

1,953
1,735
2,868
1,206
1,662

2,106
1,592
2,874
1,213
1,661

2,197
2,251
3,068
1,174
1,893

2,468
2,089
3,043
1,192
1,850

2,566
2,138
2,858
1,057
1,801

2,334
2,109
2,802
1,115
1,687

2,335
2,135
2,734
1,108
1,626

2,154
1,960
2,820
1,157
1,663

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.8
11.4

25.7
12.1

25.7
11.3

26.7
10.6

25.1
10.2

25.1
10.0

25.3
10.3

24.1
10.2

24.7
10.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31.1
25.7
43.2
16.9
26.3

29.8
26.5
43.7
18.4
25.4

32.0
24.2
43.7
18.5
25.3

29.2
30.0
40.8
15.6
25.2

32.5
27.5
40.0
15.7
24.4

33.9
28.3
37.8
14.0
23.8

32.2
29.1
38.7
15.4
23.3

32.4
29.6
38.0
15.4
22.6

31.1
28.3
40.7
16.7
24.0

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

May
2016

May
2017

May
2016

May
2017

May
2016

May
2017

151,594
59,613

153,407
61,174

7,207
1,305

6,572
1,208

4.5
2.1

4.1
1.9

24,907
34,706
26,931
33,235
15,721
17,515

25,319
35,855
27,001
33,015
15,510
17,506

606
699
1,533
1,541
850
690

463
745
1,529
1,394
733
660

2.4
2.0
5.4
4.4
5.1
3.8

1.8
2.0
5.4
4.1
4.5
3.6

13,941
1,227
7,964
4,750

14,402
1,245
8,235
4,921

827
113
519
196

854
81
562
211

5.6
8.4
6.1
4.0

5.6
6.1
6.4
4.1

17,873
8,725
9,148

17,815
8,670
9,144

1,154
569
584

944
416
527

6.1
6.1
6.0

5.0
4.6
5.5

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

May
2016

May
2017

May
2016

May
2017

7,207
5,473
96
461
738
466
272
981
254
134
178
713
679
933
305
116
452
330

6,572
5,074
20
502
504
327
178
916
262
123
232
690
675
905
245
103
471
297

4.5
4.4
11.1
5.2
4.7
4.7
4.8
5.0
3.9
5.2
1.8
4.3
2.9
6.6
4.6
6.5
2.1
3.2

4.1
4.0
2.5
5.3
3.2
3.3
3.1
4.7
4.2
4.7
2.3
4.1
2.8
6.3
3.6
6.0
2.2
3.0

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

May
2016

Apr.
2017

May
2017

May
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

May
2017

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

2.1

2.1

1.9

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

4.5

4.1

4.1

4.7

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.9

4.4

4.3

5.0

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.5

5.6

5.0

5.0

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.4

5.3

5.2

9.4

8.1

8.1

9.7

9.4

9.2

8.9

8.6

8.4

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

May
2016

Men
May
2017

May
2016

Women
May
2017

May
2016

May
2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

94,374
6,449
1,713
538
1,175

94,788
5,976
1,475
355
1,121

37,792
3,061
896
339
557

38,113
2,801
761
191
570

56,582
3,388
817
199
617

56,675
3,175
714
163
551

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,472
4.9
4,052
2,140
256
970

7,584
4.9
4,136
2,067
301
1,029

3,677
4.6
2,237
725
176
507

3,831
4.7
2,295
715
217
580

3,796
5.4
1,815
1,415
80
462

3,752
5.2
1,840
1,352
84
449

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

144,525
121,987
19,727

144,940
122,249
19,587

145,938
123,221
19,786

146,748
124,109
20,016

143,869
121,682
19,699

145,823
123,511
19,950

145,997
123,684
19,969

146,135
123,831
19,985

Change
from:
Apr.2017 May2017p
138
147
16

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

667
49.9
617.5
179.2
181.1
49.5
38.6

680
48.6
631.4
176.8
179.8
50.1
39.1

689
48.2
640.6
177.0
185.4
50.5
38.9

700
49.1
650.6
178.9
184.8
50.6
38.7

674
51.6
622.6
180.4
178.9
49.8
38.7

691
50.5
640.4
178.3
183.9
50.4
39.2

700
51.0
648.7
179.2
185.0
50.6
39.1

706
50.7
655.3
179.8
183.1
51.0
38.8

6
-0.3
6.6
0.6
-1.9
0.4
-0.3

93.0
257.2

90.6
274.8

96.0
278.2

95.5
286.9

90.3
263.3

94.3
278.2

95.3
284.5

93.3
292.4

-2.0
7.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,748
1,486.5
731.0
755.5
968.5
4,293.3
1,869.2
2,424.1

6,582
1,478.4
738.7
739.7
888.6
4,215.0
1,842.9
2,372.1

6,758
1,497.0
749.3
747.7
943.1
4,318.1
1,895.1
2,423.0

6,940
1,530.2
765.9
764.3
993.8
4,416.0
1,952.0
2,464.0

6,690
1,487.7
730.5
757.2
946.4
4,255.7
1,846.2
2,409.5

6,871
1,523.7
765.8
757.9
964.0
4,382.8
1,923.7
2,459.1

6,870
1,525.6
764.8
760.8
962.3
4,382.0
1,925.1
2,456.9

6,881
1,531.1
766.8
764.3
969.5
4,380.8
1,930.2
2,450.6

11
5.5
2.0
3.5
7.2
-1.2
5.1
-6.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,312

12,325

12,339

12,376

12,335

12,388

12,399

12,398

7,709
391.9
411.2
377.9
1,425.2
1,072.9
1,051.4
164.9
85.8

7,706
392.0
407.5
379.0
1,425.6
1,079.8
1,034.8
160.5
84.5

7,712
393.4
412.6
380.6
1,427.1
1,081.8
1,032.6
160.5
84.6

7,733
394.1
417.2
383.9
1,431.2
1,084.9
1,034.0
161.9
84.7

7,712
391.1
406.3
378.7
1,425.1
1,076.7
1,051.9
164.8
85.9

7,728
396.2
416.3
379.6
1,428.3
1,080.5
1,037.0
161.5
84.7

7,734
395.6
415.4
381.9
1,427.8
1,084.4
1,036.4
161.5
84.8

7,736
393.2
412.2
384.8
1,431.3
1,088.1
1,034.7
161.9
84.7

2
-2.4
-3.2
2.9
3.5
3.7
-1.7
0.4
-0.1

370.1
395.3

359.9
396.3

357.9
396.2

357.1
397.1

370.4
395.5

360.5
396.7

358.9
397.6

357.5
397.2

-1.4
-0.4

35.3
381.2
1,621.9
937.3
387.0

33.6
385.7
1,620.2
946.5
391.1

33.4
385.3
1,617.0
946.6
391.6

33.2
385.2
1,620.7
942.7
392.2

35.3
382.1
1,623.6
938.4
387.2

33.7
386.3
1,618.1
943.2
392.3

33.6
386.3
1,620.3
945.2
392.9

33.3
386.0
1,622.7
943.7
392.6

-0.3
-0.3
2.4
-1.5
-0.3

588.8

590.4

590.4

589.6

589.4

592.9

592.5

590.5

-2.0

4,603
1,523.8
114.7
116.1
131.0
371.9
448.5
112.5
810.3
704.2

4,619
1,560.3
110.8
111.7
124.0
368.7
439.2
108.3
816.6
701.7

4,627
1,569.1
109.8
111.6
122.8
369.8
437.9
110.3
815.8
700.0

4,643
1,573.4
110.2
111.5
122.3
370.2
436.3
113.3
817.8
699.3

4,623
1,545.3
114.1
116.3
131.7
372.2
448.2
111.5
811.1
701.1

4,660
1,585.5
110.8
112.5
124.5
370.3
439.7
111.3
817.1
700.6

4,665
1,594.1
110.1
112.0
123.6
370.8
438.1
111.9
817.5
699.1

4,662
1,594.7
109.8
111.7
123.1
370.3
436.1
112.0
818.3
695.3

-3
0.6
-0.3
-0.3
-0.5
-0.5
-2.0
0.1
0.8
-3.8

269.6

278.0

279.7

288.4

271.6

287.2

287.3

290.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

102,260

102,662

103,435

104,093

101,983

103,561

103,715

103,846

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,112

27,029

27,115

27,245

27,187

27,352

27,352

27,346

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

-1

5,866.6
2,928.3
2,040.8

5,876.0
2,931.7
2,044.7

5,897.6
2,941.6
2,056.5

5,915.2
2,949.4
2,067.2

5,857.0
2,926.4
2,034.5

5,902.6
2,941.3
2,059.5

5,908.6
2,947.4
2,060.9

5,906.5
2,947.0
2,061.5

3.3
131
-6
-2.1
-0.4
0.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

Seasonally adjusted
May
2017p

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Change
from:
Apr.2017 May2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

897.5

899.6

899.5

898.6

896.1

901.8

900.3

898.0

-2.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,736.3
1,983.1
1,277.6
154.2
551.3
467.0
513.2

15,613.4
1,999.1
1,297.4
149.9
551.8
479.5
508.6

15,671.3
2,011.3
1,300.0
156.6
554.7
477.6
502.5

15,756.3
2,020.4
1,304.8
162.5
553.1
477.1
497.7

15,800.3
1,975.1
1,277.0
148.8
549.3
473.4
528.3

15,848.1
2,009.6
1,301.7
154.2
553.7
484.8
514.2

15,842.3
2,012.3
1,302.9
155.8
553.6
484.4
513.0

15,836.2
2,013.4
1,304.7
156.8
552.0
483.4
511.2

-6.1
1.1
1.8
1.0
-1.6
-1.0
-1.8

1,343.5
3,082.0
1,042.7
925.4
1,305.6

1,285.5
3,061.4
1,054.1
928.2
1,298.4

1,329.3
3,058.0
1,049.2
929.9
1,299.2

1,356.7
3,072.6
1,053.0
941.0
1,305.2

1,269.2
3,085.7
1,047.6
922.7
1,350.9

1,286.7
3,092.4
1,060.1
939.4
1,349.6

1,281.9
3,087.0
1,057.3
937.1
1,349.9

1,283.5
3,081.7
1,059.0
938.4
1,349.7

1.6
-5.3
1.7
1.3
-0.2

603.8
3,113.7
1,266.0
1,847.7
835.3
521.0

583.2
3,058.3
1,240.5
1,817.8
809.8
547.3

583.6
3,063.1
1,239.1
1,824.0
819.4
548.2

586.8
3,057.2
1,232.9
1,824.3
837.2
551.4

622.1
3,160.0
1,303.0
1,857.0
831.4
533.9

603.5
3,116.4
1,277.9
1,838.5
834.2
557.2

604.2
3,120.6
1,276.8
1,843.8
834.8
559.8

605.3
3,114.4
1,273.1
1,841.3
833.5
562.7

1.1
-6.2
-3.7
-2.5
-1.3
2.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,955.0
478.4
214.4
66.7
1,448.5

4,985.8
481.6
209.7
62.6
1,448.8

4,992.9
483.4
209.4
64.2
1,460.3

5,020.5
488.4
209.4
64.8
1,471.1

4,975.7
476.8
214.5
66.2
1,450.4

5,046.6
483.9
210.5
64.4
1,475.6

5,046.4
484.5
209.9
64.6
1,473.9

5,050.0
486.5
209.6
64.4
1,473.8

3.6
2.0
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1

501.7
49.8
36.8
655.3
602.8
900.6

484.5
48.6
27.5
659.2
627.0
936.3

479.8
47.9
31.4
664.3
616.1
936.1

490.4
47.1
38.8
659.6
616.1
934.8

483.7
49.8
34.3
657.3
632.3
910.4

470.4
48.7
35.5
662.1
650.4
945.1

466.9
48.0
35.9
663.6
652.9
946.2

471.4
47.1
36.0
661.1
653.7
946.4

4.5
-0.9
0.1
-2.5
0.8
0.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

553.8

553.5

552.9

552.8

553.5

555.0

554.5

553.2

-1.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,738
725.4

2,733
725.2

2,718
721.4

2,719
721.8

2,739
729.7

2,740
727.8

2,725
725.0

2,723
726.0

-2
1.0

418.4
269.4
770.9

405.0
266.5
769.3

410.4
262.4
755.2

409.7
259.1
754.9

412.1
270.3
771.6

407.3
265.8
769.5

408.8
262.1
757.3

406.3
260.1
756.2

-2.5
-2.0
-1.1

298.4
255.9

299.0
267.5

300.5
268.3

302.7
270.8

297.9
257.5

300.7
268.9

301.1
270.5

302.1
272.3

1.0
1.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

8,248
6,114.3
18.4

8,356
6,206.8
18.8

8,377
6,212.6
18.7

8,414
6,223.5
18.7

8,263
6,129.3
18.6

8,403
6,219.0
18.8

8,417
6,230.5
18.8

8,428
6,237.2
18.8

11
6.7
0.0

2,601.3
1,696.9
1,307.3
605.7
298.7

2,644.0
1,714.2
1,315.2
621.1
308.7

2,644.7
1,712.1
1,313.9
621.3
311.3

2,651.2
1,719.3
1,319.3
620.6
311.3

2,605.7
1,697.5
1,309.3
608.4
299.8

2,648.5
1,715.2
1,316.4
622.8
310.6

2,650.6
1,715.4
1,316.6
623.6
311.7

2,655.3
1,719.1
1,320.2
623.9
312.3

4.7
3.7
3.6
0.3
0.6

923.9
2,570.7
2,134.0
1,548.1
562.5
23.4

932.1
2,611.9
2,149.2
1,577.3
548.9
23.0

934.1
2,615.1
2,164.6
1,588.5
553.1
23.0

934.6
2,619.0
2,190.2
1,597.1
569.9
23.2

928.9
2,576.1
2,133.2
1,549.6
560.2
23.4

936.8
2,614.9
2,184.3
1,596.8
564.2
23.3

938.5
2,622.6
2,186.0
1,599.3
563.4
23.3

938.7
2,624.4
2,190.4
1,600.3
566.9
23.2

0.2
1.8
4.4
1.0
3.5
-0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Change
from:
Apr.2017 May2017p

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,027
8,776.9
1,116.9
932.9
1,403.1
139.4

20,337
9,120.0
1,118.7
1,105.3
1,429.0
141.3

20,556
9,159.2
1,121.6
1,096.3
1,435.8
142.4

20,648
9,054.7
1,124.8
952.8
1,446.9
142.0

20,022
8,833.8
1,120.1
980.9
1,403.2
138.9

20,568
9,078.0
1,123.3
996.9
1,446.3
142.9

20,606
9,101.1
1,125.7
1,002.4
1,446.4
142.7

20,644
9,112.0
1,127.7
1,002.0
1,446.8
141.8

38
10.9
2.0
-0.4
0.4
-0.9

1,978.7

2,027.6

2,040.2

2,043.4

1,980.9

2,044.7

2,045.9

2,045.7

-0.2

1,358.8

1,410.9

1,424.7

1,435.8

1,361.6

1,424.6

1,432.5

1,438.9

6.4

680.1
489.5
677.5
2,228.2
9,022.3
8,619.7
490.6
141.4
3,518.9
2,869.3
896.7

697.0
487.0
703.2
2,260.8
8,956.5
8,548.8
515.7
139.5
3,547.7
2,900.3
912.4

697.4
489.8
711.0
2,260.3
9,136.3
8,726.0
518.1
141.3
3,586.2
2,933.1
906.3

702.5
488.5
718.0
2,268.3
9,325.3
8,909.6
522.9
141.8
3,672.3
3,006.7
899.0

678.5
490.5
679.2
2,230.4
8,958.2
8,556.1
490.5
140.7
3,525.5
2,875.8
907.7

699.8
490.0
709.5
2,267.9
9,221.6
8,806.6
517.3
139.2
3,661.6
2,999.3
915.2

699.6
492.2
713.6
2,269.6
9,235.6
8,820.9
518.9
140.9
3,666.2
3,003.4
913.3

701.4
489.3
718.4
2,271.3
9,260.8
8,845.3
522.1
141.3
3,680.4
3,016.3
911.6

1.8
-2.9
4.8
1.7
25.2
24.4
3.2
0.4
14.2
12.9
-1.7

218.3
896.3
2,144.9
312.6

215.2
905.7
1,992.7
319.9

214.9
906.2
2,131.3
321.7

215.8
911.1
2,222.9
323.8

216.6
898.8
2,065.1
311.2

216.2
912.7
2,123.6
320.8

214.6
912.0
2,133.3
321.9

214.3
913.9
2,139.7
322.0

-0.3
1.9
6.4
0.1

402.6

407.7

410.3

415.7

402.1

415.0

414.7

415.5

0.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,617
3,604.8
19,012.4
15,361.1
7,054.7
2,513.9
924.3
855.2
849.8
262.6
1,362.7

23,115
3,788.2
19,326.6
15,615.8
7,212.9
2,562.4
937.5
888.1
897.0
257.9
1,382.6

23,187
3,800.2
19,386.4
15,648.5
7,243.5
2,570.3
938.4
893.0
897.7
258.1
1,393.6

23,145
3,697.3
19,447.7
15,687.6
7,266.7
2,574.6
943.5
900.3
898.3
257.3
1,400.4

22,544
3,557.1
18,987.2
15,373.4
7,053.3
2,517.3
924.2
852.9
849.7
262.8
1,359.4

22,972
3,624.9
19,346.7
15,653.6
7,233.5
2,567.1
942.0
891.8
896.9
258.4
1,388.5

23,022
3,630.1
19,391.6
15,678.2
7,253.2
2,575.3
941.2
894.4
897.2
258.0
1,394.8

23,069
3,644.8
19,423.9
15,702.5
7,265.8
2,578.5
943.6
897.9
897.9
258.1
1,397.3

47
14.7
32.3
24.3
12.6
3.2
2.4
3.5
0.7
0.1
2.5

286.2
4,998.2
3,308.2
1,640.9
614.2

287.4
5,090.3
3,312.6
1,633.8
618.1

292.4
5,085.2
3,319.8
1,635.7
619.8

292.3
5,092.0
3,328.9
1,635.8
623.8

287.0
5,008.9
3,311.2
1,643.9
614.6

288.9
5,093.3
3,326.8
1,642.4
619.4

292.3
5,097.0
3,328.0
1,640.6
620.7

292.6
5,104.4
3,332.3
1,639.7
623.6

0.3
7.4
4.3
-0.9
2.9

889.6
163.5
3,651.3
2,223.5
160.5
338.8
928.5

897.6
163.1
3,710.8
2,278.9
169.0
331.8
931.1

899.2
165.1
3,737.9
2,297.8
168.7
336.3
935.1

904.6
164.7
3,760.1
2,310.1
169.5
335.0
945.5

888.9
163.9
3,613.8
2,210.7
160.7
338.3
904.0

900.4
164.6
3,693.1
2,276.7
168.7
334.9
912.7

901.2
165.4
3,713.4
2,293.2
167.9
337.2
915.1

903.8
165.2
3,721.4
2,298.0
169.6
334.6
919.1

2.6
-0.2
8.0
4.8
1.7
-2.6
4.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .

15,824
2,302.7
472.6

15,398
2,067.0
424.3

15,750
2,204.7
468.2

16,150
2,346.3
483.5

15,561
2,213.8
446.9

15,803
2,236.6
444.1

15,861
2,260.9
454.8

15,892
2,258.7
456.2

31
-2.2
1.4

165.9
1,664.2
13,521.1

153.2
1,489.5
13,330.7

160.9
1,575.6
13,545.7

172.5
1,690.3
13,804.1

160.0
1,606.9
13,346.7

162.6
1,629.9
13,566.8

164.5
1,641.6
13,599.9

165.9
1,636.6
13,632.9

1.4
-5.0
33.0

Industry

Private service-providing - Continued

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Change
from:
Apr.2017 May2017p

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,943.1
11,578.0

1,883.1
11,447.6

1,909.3
11,636.4

1,961.0
11,843.1

1,941.8
11,404.9

1,951.4
11,615.4

1,958.2
11,641.7

1,960.9
11,672.0

2.7
30.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,694
1,295.9
1,452.3
2,945.9

5,694
1,293.3
1,458.7
2,942.3

5,732
1,298.2
1,480.2
2,953.1

5,772
1,302.7
1,494.5
2,974.4

5,667
1,286.5
1,439.3
2,941.5

5,723
1,293.1
1,469.6
2,960.2

5,732
1,292.8
1,476.8
2,962.3

5,744
1,293.6
1,480.8
2,969.7

12
0.8
4.0
7.4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,538
2,790.0
2,182.8
607.3
5,096.0
2,414.6
2,681.4
14,652.0
8,248.9
6,403.5

22,691
2,796.0
2,179.9
615.6
5,250.0
2,578.2
2,671.9
14,645.0
8,300.7
6,344.1

22,717
2,799.0
2,184.7
614.1
5,262.0
2,588.8
2,672.8
14,656.0
8,277.1
6,378.7

22,639
2,812.0
2,195.6
616.7
5,100.0
2,429.9
2,670.1
14,727.0
8,280.7
6,446.4

22,187
2,791.0
2,182.0
608.8
5,079.0
2,403.8
2,674.9
14,317.0
7,913.9
6,403.4

22,312
2,813.0
2,196.0
616.9
5,094.0
2,417.9
2,676.1
14,405.0
7,956.8
6,447.8

22,313
2,807.0
2,195.6
611.4
5,093.0
2,420.2
2,672.8
14,413.0
7,960.1
6,453.0

22,304
2,815.0
2,196.8
618.4
5,085.0
2,418.8
2,665.7
14,404.0
7,954.3
6,449.7

-9
8.0
1.2
7.0
-8.0
-1.4
-7.1
-9.0
-5.8
-3.3

Industry

Accommodation and food services Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
40.3
43.1
39.1
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.2
34.3
38.8
31.0
38.8
42.2
36.0
37.4
36.1
32.8
26.1
31.9

34.3
40.1
44.7
38.7
40.6
41.1
39.7
33.2
34.3
38.9
30.9
38.5
42.3
36.3
37.3
36.0
32.9
26.0
31.9

34.4
40.3
45.0
39.2
40.7
41.1
40.0
33.3
34.5
39.0
31.2
38.7
42.0
36.3
37.5
36.0
32.9
26.1
31.9

34.4
40.3
44.9
39.2
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.2
34.4
39.0
31.0
38.7
42.0
36.3
37.4
36.0
32.9
26.0
31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.2

3.2
3.2
3.2

3.3
3.3
3.2

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$25.59
26.90
32.33
28.06
25.99
27.31
23.71
25.28
22.26
29.46
17.85
23.06
38.24
36.56
32.15
30.75
25.70
14.81
22.96

$26.13
27.35
32.60
28.56
26.39
27.64
24.24
25.84
22.64
29.94
18.03
23.69
38.88
37.56
32.74
31.57
26.08
15.32
23.50

$26.18
27.48
32.62
28.55
26.59
27.85
24.45
25.88
22.65
29.97
18.05
23.68
39.30
37.96
32.87
31.54
26.16
15.36
23.57

$26.22
27.46
32.79
28.68
26.47
27.70
24.35
25.93
22.75
30.04
18.12
23.84
38.98
38.14
32.96
31.49
26.19
15.43
23.58

$880.30
1,084.07
1,393.42
1,097.15
1,057.79
1,125.17
946.03
839.30
763.52
1,143.05
553.35
894.73
1,613.73
1,316.16
1,202.41
1,110.08
842.96
386.54
732.42

$896.26
1,096.74
1,457.22
1,105.27
1,071.43
1,136.00
962.33
857.89
776.55
1,164.67
557.13
912.07
1,644.62
1,363.43
1,221.20
1,136.52
858.03
398.32
749.65

$900.59
1,107.44
1,467.90
1,119.16
1,082.21
1,144.64
978.00
861.80
781.43
1,168.83
563.16
916.42
1,650.60
1,377.95
1,232.63
1,135.44
860.66
400.90
751.88

$901.97
1,106.64
1,472.27
1,124.26
1,077.33
1,141.24
971.57
860.88
782.60
1,171.56
561.72
922.61
1,637.16
1,384.48
1,232.70
1,133.64
861.65
401.18
749.84

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2017 May
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105.1
90.4
91.3
90.2
90.3
89.5
92.1
108.9
101.4
99.2
99.5
110.5
101.1
90.1
101.2
113.7
120.7
115.9
104.2

106.3
91.1
97.1
91.7
90.5
89.4
92.3
110.6
102.0
100.2
99.5
111.2
101.6
90.8
102.7
116.5
123.4
117.2
105.3

106.8
91.7
99.0
92.8
90.8
89.5
93.1
111.1
102.6
100.5
100.4
111.8
100.8
90.3
103.4
116.7
123.7
118.1
105.4

106.9
91.8
99.6
93.0
90.8
89.7
92.8
110.9
102.3
100.5
99.7
111.9
100.5
90.3
103.2
116.9
123.9
117.9
105.3

0.1
0.1
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.3
0.0
-0.7
0.1
-0.3
0.0
-0.2
0.2
0.2
-0.2
-0.1

1

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2017 May
2017p

128.5
110.0
118.5
109.9
109.2
108.5
110.7
133.8
121.5
121.9
117.4
129.3
127.7
117.2
126.9
141.6
149.3
138.5
131.2

132.8
112.7
127.0
113.7
111.0
109.8
113.6
138.9
124.3
125.2
118.6
133.7
130.5
121.5
131.1
149.0
154.8
144.9
135.6

133.7
113.9
129.6
115.2
112.3
110.7
115.5
139.7
125.1
125.7
119.8
134.3
130.8
122.1
132.5
149.1
155.6
146.4
136.2

134.0
113.9
131.1
115.9
111.7
110.4
114.7
139.8
125.3
126.0
119.5
135.3
129.5
122.6
132.7
149.1
156.1
146.8
136.1

0.2
0.0
1.2
0.6
-0.5
-0.3
-0.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
-0.3
0.7
-1.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.3
-0.1

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

71,255
58,543
4,310
101
835
3,374
1,803
1,571
54,233
11,056
1,733.7
7,978.4
1,213.0
130.6
1,093
4,706
8,966
17,370
8,069
2,973
12,712

72,228
59,424
4,364
100
859
3,405
1,807
1,598
55,060
11,019
1,741.3
7,925.9
1,224.0
127.3
1,092
4,757
9,247
17,707
8,219
3,019
12,804

72,283
59,472
4,375
101
865
3,409
1,807
1,602
55,097
11,002
1,740.9
7,912.1
1,221.3
127.5
1,090
4,759
9,249
17,737
8,235
3,025
12,811

72,345
59,533
4,380
101
869
3,410
1,805
1,605
55,153
10,985
1,741.3
7,898.2
1,218.0
127.3
1,087
4,758
9,273
17,774
8,246
3,030
12,812

49.5
48.1
21.9
15.0
12.5
27.4
23.4
34.0
53.2
40.7
29.6
50.5
24.4
23.6
39.9
57.0
44.8
77.0
51.9
52.5
57.3

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.5
12.5
27.5
23.4
34.3
53.2
40.3
29.5
50.0
24.3
22.9
39.9
56.6
45.0
77.1
52.0
52.8
57.4

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.4
12.6
27.5
23.4
34.3
53.1
40.2
29.5
49.9
24.2
23.0
40.0
56.5
44.9
77.0
51.9
52.8
57.4

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.3
12.6
27.5
23.3
34.4
53.1
40.2
29.5
49.9
24.1
23.0
39.9
56.5
44.9
77.0
51.9
52.8
57.4

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

100,140
14,180
474
5,051
8,655
5,302
3,353
85,960
22,843
4,684.7
13,415.0
4,300.5
443.0
2,204
6,405
16,370
19,763
13,675
4,700

101,826
14,369
488
5,186
8,695
5,314
3,381
87,457
23,017
4,726.8
13,462.2
4,380.2
447.4
2,207
6,531
16,845
20,177
13,937
4,743

101,921
14,374
497
5,171
8,706
5,314
3,392
87,547
23,019
4,732.2
13,455.8
4,384.5
446.5
2,199
6,538
16,856
20,217
13,968
4,750

101,987
14,378
503
5,165
8,710
5,318
3,392
87,609
23,010
4,731.2
13,448.2
4,385.1
445.1
2,194
6,544
16,870
20,258
13,974
4,759

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.6
41.2
45.0
39.6
41.9
42.3
41.1
32.3
33.5
38.5
29.7
38.9
42.1
35.6
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.9
30.8

33.6
41.0
45.8
39.3
41.8
42.2
41.0
32.4
33.6
38.8
30.1
38.0
42.6
35.8
36.9
35.3
32.2
24.8
30.7

33.7
41.3
46.0
39.9
41.8
42.2
41.2
32.4
33.8
38.8
30.3
38.3
42.5
35.9
36.9
35.4
32.1
24.8
30.8

33.6
41.2
45.7
39.9
41.8
42.2
41.1
32.4
33.7
38.8
30.2
38.3
42.3
35.9
37.0
35.3
32.1
24.7
30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.2
4.4
4.0

4.2
4.3
4.0

4.2
4.3
4.1

4.2
4.4
4.0

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$21.48
22.52
27.12
25.86
20.41
21.48
18.68
21.26
18.95
24.19
15.03
20.84
35.03
29.91
26.04
25.34
22.45
12.80
19.31

$21.90
22.94
27.73
26.40
20.70
21.66
19.14
21.69
19.22
24.55
15.20
21.17
36.30
30.47
26.36
25.92
22.88
13.24
19.73

$21.97
22.98
27.55
26.37
20.77
21.71
19.27
21.75
19.26
24.67
15.23
21.23
36.23
30.54
26.45
26.01
22.96
13.30
19.80

$22.00
23.03
27.31
26.50
20.79
21.75
19.25
21.79
19.30
24.69
15.24
21.34
36.28
30.64
26.48
26.02
22.98
13.35
19.79

$721.73
927.82
1,220.40
1,024.06
855.18
908.60
767.75
686.70
634.83
931.32
446.39
810.68
1,474.76
1,064.80
960.88
897.04
722.89
318.72
594.75

$735.84
940.54
1,270.03
1,037.52
865.26
914.05
784.74
702.76
645.79
952.54
457.52
804.46
1,546.38
1,090.83
972.68
914.98
736.74
328.35
605.71

$740.39
949.07
1,267.30
1,052.16
868.19
916.16
793.92
704.70
650.99
957.20
461.47
813.11
1,539.78
1,096.39
976.01
920.75
737.02
329.84
609.84

$739.20
948.84
1,248.07
1,057.35
869.02
917.85
791.18
706.00
650.41
957.97
460.25
817.32
1,534.64
1,099.98
979.76
918.51
737.66
329.75
607.55

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2017 May
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112.1
89.3
113.3
100.1
83.2
84.3
81.2
118.2
106.7
106.2
100.9
125.9
95.4
89.6
111.3
129.9
135.7
124.7
101.5

114.0
90.0
118.8
102.0
83.4
84.3
81.7
120.7
107.8
108.0
102.6
125.3
97.5
90.2
113.5
133.3
138.5
126.6
102.1

114.4
90.7
121.5
103.3
83.5
84.3
82.3
120.8
108.5
108.1
103.2
126.4
97.0
90.1
113.6
133.7
138.4
126.9
102.6

114.2
90.5
122.2
103.2
83.6
84.3
82.1
120.9
108.1
108.1
102.8
126.4
96.3
89.9
114.0
133.5
138.6
126.4
102.5

-0.2
-0.2
0.6
-0.1
0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.1
-0.4
0.0
-0.4
0.0
-0.7
-0.2
0.4
-0.1
0.1
-0.4
-0.1

1

May
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017p

May
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2017 May
2017p

160.9
123.1
178.8
139.8
111.1
113.0
107.2
172.4
144.2
151.4
129.9
166.5
139.5
132.6
178.2
195.8
201.1
181.3
142.8

166.8
126.5
191.5
145.5
112.9
114.0
110.5
179.5
147.8
156.2
133.6
168.3
147.7
136.0
184.0
205.6
209.2
190.4
146.8

168.0
127.7
194.7
147.1
113.5
114.2
112.1
180.2
149.0
157.1
134.7
170.2
146.8
136.2
184.8
207.0
209.7
191.6
148.0

167.9
127.7
194.0
147.7
113.6
114.5
111.7
180.6
148.8
157.2
134.3
171.1
145.8
136.4
185.7
206.7
210.3
191.7
147.7

-0.1
0.0
-0.4
0.4
0.1
0.3
-0.4
0.2
-0.1
0.1
-0.3
0.5
-0.7
0.1
0.5
-0.1
0.3
0.1
-0.2

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.