50 CFR Part 10

SUBCHAPTER B—TAKING, POSSESSION, TRANSPORTATION,
SALE, PURCHASE, BARTER, EXPORTATION, AND IMPORTATION OF WILDLIFE AND PLANTS
PART 10—GENERAL PROVISIONS

§ 10.2

Subpart A—Introduction
Sec.
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4

Purpose of regulations.
Scope of regulations.
Other applicable laws.
When regulations apply.

§ 10.3

Scope of definitions.
Definitions.
List of Migratory Birds.

10.21
10.22

Director.
Law enforcement offices.

Subpart C—Addresses

AUTHORITY: 18 U.S.C. 42; 16 U.S.C. 703–712;
16 U.S.C. 668a–d; 19 U.S.C. 1202, 16 U.S.C. 1531–
1543; 16 U.S.C. 1361–1384, 1401–1407; 16 U.S.C.
742a–742j-l; 16 U.S.C. 3371–3378.
SOURCE: 38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, unless
otherwise noted.

§ 10.4

When regulations apply.

The regulations of this subchapter B
shall apply to all matters arising after
the effective date of such regulations,
with the following exceptions:
(a) Civil penalty proceedings. Except as
otherwise provided in § 11.25, the civil
penalty assessment procedures contained in this subchapter B shall apply
only to any proceeding instituted by
notice of violation dated subsequent to
the effective date of these regulations,
regardless of when the act or omission
which is the basis of a civil penalty
proceeding occurred.
(b) Permits. The regulations in this
subchapter B shall apply to any permit
application received after the effective
date of the appropriate regulations in
this subchapter B and, insofar as appropriate, to any permit which is renewed after such effective date.

Subpart A—Introduction
§ 10.1

Other applicable laws.

No statute or regulation of any State
shall be construed to relieve a person
from the restrictions, conditions, and
requirements contained in this subchapter B. In addition, nothing in this
subchapter B, nor any permit issued
under this subchapter B, shall be construed to relieve a person from any
other requirements imposed by a statute or regulation of any State or of the
United States, including any applicable
health, quarantine, agricultural, or
customs laws or regulations, or other
Service enforced statutes or regulations.

Subpart B—Definitions
10.11
10.12
10.13

Scope of regulations.

The various parts of this subchapter
B are interrelated, and particular note
should be taken that the parts must be
construed with reference to each other.

Purpose of regulations.

The regulations of this Subchapter B
are promulgated to implement the following statutes enforced by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service which regulate the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of wildlife:
Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 42.
Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C.
3371–3378.
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 U.S.C. 703–712.
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, 16
U.S.C. 668a–668d.
Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C.
1531–1543.
Tariff Classification Act of 1962, 19 U.S.C.
1202, [Schedule 1, Part 15D, Headnote 2(d),
T.S.U.S.].
Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, 16 U.S.C. 742a–
742j–l.
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16
U.S.C. 1361–1384, 1401–1407.

[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 39
FR 1159, Jan. 4, 1974]

[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 53
FR 6649, Mar. 2, 1988]

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior

§ 10.12
ufactured product or in a processed
food product.
Director means the Director of the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, or his
authorized representative.
Endangered wildlife means any wildlife listed in § 17.11 or § 17.12 of this subchapter.
Fish means a member of any of the
following classes:
(1) Cyclostomata, including, but not
limited to, hagfishes and lampreys;
(2) Elasmobranchii, including but not
limited to, sharks, skates, and rays;
and
(3) Pisces, including but not limited
to trout, perch, bass, minnows, and
catfish; including any part, product,
egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead
body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed
food product.
Fish or wildlife means any wild animal, whether alive or dead, including
without limitation any wild mammal,
bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, mollusk,
crustacean, arthropod, coelenterate, or
other invertebrate, whether or not
bred, hatched, or born in captivity, and
including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof.
Foreign commerce includes, among
other things, any transaction (1) between persons within one foreign country, or (2) between persons in two or
more foreign countries, or (3) between
a person within the United States and
a person in one or more foreign countries, or (4) between persons within the
United States, where the fish or wildlife in question are moving in any
country or countries outside the
United States.
Fossil means the remains of an animal of past geological ages which has
been preserved in the earth’s crust
through mineralization of the object.
Import means to land on, bring into,
or introduce into, or attempt to land
on, bring into, or introduce into any
place subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States, whether or not such
landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the
meaning of the tariff laws of the
United States.

Subpart B—Definitions
§ 10.11

Scope of definitions.

In addition and subject to definitions
contained in applicable statutes and
subsequent parts or sections of this
subchapter B, words or their variants
shall have the meanings ascribed in
this subpart. Throughout this subchapter B words in the singular form
shall include the plural, words in the
plural form shall include the singular,
and words in the masculine form shall
include the feminine.
§ 10.12

Definitions.

Aircraft means any contrivance used
for flight in the air.
Amphibians means a member of the
class, Amphibia, including, but not
limited to, frogs, toads, and salamanders; including any part, product, egg,
or offspring thereof, or the dead body
or parts thereof (excluding fossils),
whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food
product.
Animal means an organism of the animal kingdom, as distinguished from
the plant kingdom; including any part,
product, egg, or offspring thereof, or
the dead body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not included in
a manufactured product or in a processed food product.
Birds means a member of the class,
Aves; including any part, product, egg,
or offspring thereof, or the dead body
or parts thereof (excluding fossils),
whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed food
product.
Country of exportation means the last
country from which the animal was exported before importation into the
United States.
Country of origin means the country
where the animal was taken from the
wild, or the country of natal origin of
the animal.
Crustacean means a member of the
class, Crustacea, including but not limited to, crayfish, lobsters, shrimps,
crabs, barnacles, and some terrestrial
forms; including any part, product,
egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead
body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not included in a man-

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§ 10.12

50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–05 Edition)

Injurious Wildlife means any wildlife
for which a permit is required under
subpart B of part 16 of this subchapter
before being imported into or shipped
between the continental United States,
the District of Columbia, Hawaii, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any
possession of the United States.
Mammal means a member of the
class, Mammalia; including any part,
product, egg, or offspring, or the dead
body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed
food product.
Migratory bird means any bird, whatever its origin and whether or not
raised in captivity, which belongs to a
species listed in § 10.13, or which is a
mutation or a hybrid of any such species, including any part, nest, or egg of
any such bird, or any product, whether
or not manufactured, which consists,
or is composed in whole or part, of any
such bird or any part, nest, or egg
thereof.
Migratory game birds: See § 20.11 of
this subchapter.
Mollusk means a member of the phylum, Mollusca, including but not limited to, snails, mussels, clams, oysters,
scallops, abalone, squid, and octopuses;
including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead body or
parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured
product or in a processed food product.
Permit means any document designated as a ‘‘permit,’’ ‘‘license,’’ ‘‘certificate,’’ or any other document issued
by the Service to authorize, limit, or
describe activity and signed by an authorized official of the Service.
Person means any individual, firm,
corporation, association, partnership,
club, or private body, any one or all, as
the context requires.
Plant means any member of the plant
kingdom, including seeds, roots and
other parts thereof.
Possession means the detention and
control, or the manual or ideal custody
of anything which may be the subject
of property, for one’s use and enjoyment, either as owner or as the proprietor of a qualified right in it, and either held personally or by another who
exercises it in one’s place and name.
Possession includes the act or state of

possessing and that condition of facts
under which one can exercise his power
over a corporeal thing at his pleasure
to the exclusion of all other persons.
Possession includes constructive possession which means not actual but assumed to exist, where one claims to
hold by virtue of some title, without
having actual custody.
Public as used in referring to museums, zoological parks, and scientific or
educational institutions, refers to such
as are open to the general public and
are either established, maintained, and
operated as a governmental service or
are privately endowed and organized
but not operated for profit.
Reptile means a member of the class,
Reptilia, including but not limited to,
turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and
alligators; including any part, product,
egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead
body or parts thereof, whether or not
included in a manufactured product or
in a processed food product.
Secretary means the Secretary of the
Interior or his authorized representative.
Service means the United States Fish
and Wildlife Service, Department of
the Interior.
Shellfish means an aquatic invertebrate animal having a shell, including,
but not limited to, (a) an oyster, clam,
or other mollusk; and (b) a lobster or
other crustacean; or any part, product,
egg, or offspring thereof, or the dead
body or parts thereof (excluding fossils), whether or not included in a manufactured product or in a processed
food product.
State means any State of the United
States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and
Guam.
Take means to pursue, hunt, shoot,
wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect,
or attempt to pursue, hunt, shoot,
wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect.
(With reference to marine mammals,
see Part 18 of this subchapter.)
Transportation means to ship, convey,
carry or transport by any means whatever, and deliver or receive for such
shipment, conveyance, carriage, or
transportation.
United States means the several
States of the United States of America,

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior

§ 10.13
Smooth-billed, Crotophaga ani
Auklet:
Cassin’s, Ptychoramphus aleuticus
Crested, Aethia cristatella
Least, Aethia pusilla
Parakeet, Cyclorrhynchus psittacula
Rhinoceros, Cerorhinca monocerata
Whiskered, Aethia pygmaea
Avocet, American, Recurvirostra americana
Barn-Owl, Common, Tyto alba
Beardless-Tyrannulet,
Northern,
Camptostoma imberbe
Becard, Rose-throated, Pachyramphus aglaiae
Bittern:
American, Botaurus lentiginosus
Chinese, Ixobrychus sinensis
Least, Ixobrychus exilis
Schrenk’s, Ixobrychus eurhythmus
Black-Hawk,
Common,
Buteogallus
anthracinus
Blackbird:
Brewer’s, Euphagus cyanocephalus
Red-winged, Agelaius phoeniceus
Rusty, Euphagus carolinus
Tawny-shouldered, Agelaius humeralis
Tricolored, Agelaius tricolor
Yellow-headed,
Xanthocephalus
xanthocephalus
Yellow-shouldered, Agelaius xanthomus
Bluebird:
Eastern, Sialia sialis
Mountain, Sialia currucoides
Western, Sialia mexicana
Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Booby:
Blue-footed, Sula nebouxii
Brown, Sula leucogaster
Masked, Sula dactylatra
Red-footed, Sula sula
Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
Brant, Branta bernicla
Bufflehead (see DUCKS)
Bullfinch:
Eurasian, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Puerto Rican, Loxigilla portoricensis
Bunting:
Indigo, Passerina cyanea
Lark, Calamospiza melanocorys
Lazuli, Passerina amoena
McKay’s, Plectrophenax hyperboreus
Painted, Passerina ciris
Reed (see Reed-Bunting)
Rustic, Emberiza rustica
Snow, Plectrophenax nivalis
Varied, Passerina versicolor
Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus
Canvasback (see DUCKS)
Caracara, Crested, Polyborus plancus
Cardinal, Northern, Cardinalis cardinalis
Carib, Green-throated, Eulampis holosericeus
Catbird, Gray, Dumetella carolinensis
Chat, Yellow-breasted, Icteria virens
Chickadee (see Tit):
Black-capped, Parus atricapillus
Boreal, Parus hudsonicus
Carolina, Parus carolinensis

the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American
Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and Guam.
Whoever means the same as person.
Wildlife means the same as fish or
wildlife.
[38 FR 22015, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 42
FR 32377, June 24, 1977; 42 FR 59358, Nov. 16,
1977; 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 50 FR 52889,
Dec. 26, 1985]

§ 10.13 List of Migratory Birds.
The following is a list of all species
of migratory birds protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703–
711) and subject to the regulations on
migratory birds contained in this subchapter B of title 50 CFR. The species
listed are those protected by the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, United
States-Great Britain (on behalf of Canada), 39 Stat. 1702, T.S. No. 628; the
Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals,
February 7, 1936, United States-Mexico,
50 Stat. 1311, T.S. No. 912; the Convention for the Protection of Migratory
Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4,
1972, United States-Japan, 25 U.S.T.
3329, T.I.A.S. No. 7990; and the Convention for the Conservation of Migratory
Birds and Their Environment, United
States-U.S.S.R., November 26, 1976, 92
Stat. 3110, T.I.A.S. 9073, 16 U.S.C. 703,
712. The species are listed two ways. In
the first part of the List species are arranged alphabetically by English (common) name groups, with the scientific
name following the English (common)
name. All species of ducks are listed
together under the heading ‘‘DUCKS’’.
In the second part of the List, species
are listed by scientific name arranged
in taxonomic order. Taxonomy and nomenclature follows the American Ornithologists’ Union’s Check-list of North
American Birds (6th Edition, 1983).
I. ALPHABETICAL LISTING
Accentor, Siberian, Prunella montanella
Albatross:
Black-footed, Diomedea nigripes
Laysan, Diomedea immutabilis
Short-tailed, Diomedea albatrus
Yellow-nosed, Diomedea chlororhynchos
Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga
Ani:
Groove-billed, Crotophaga sulcirostris

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§ 10.13

50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–05 Edition)

Chestnut-backed, Parus rufescens
Mexican, Parus sclateri
Mountain, Parus gambeli
Chuck-will’s-widow, Caprimulgus carolinensis
Condor, California, Gymnogyps californianus
Coot:
American, Fulica americana
Caribbean, Fulica caribaea
Eurasian, Fulica atra
Cormorant:
Brandt’s, Phalacrocorax penicillatus
Double-crested, Phalacrocorax auritus
Great, Phalacrocorax carbo
Olivaceous, Phalacrocorax olivaceus
Pelagic, Phalacrocorax pelagicus
Red-faced, Phalacrocorax urile
Cowbird:
Bronzed, Molothrus aeneus
Brown-headed, Molothrus ater
Shiny, Molothrus bonariensis
Crake:
Corn, Crex crex
Yellow-breasted, Porzana flaviventer
Crane:
Common, Grus grus
Sandhill, Grus canadensis
Whooping, Grus americana
Creeper, Brown, Certhia americana
Crossbill:
Red, Loxia curvirostra
White-winged, Loxia leucoptera
Crow:
American, Corvus brachyrhynchos
Fish, Corvus ossifragus
Hawaiian, Corvus hawaiiensis
Mexican, Corvus imparatus
Northwestern, Corvus caurinus
White-necked, Corvus leucognaphalus
Cuckoo:
Black-billed, Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Common, Cuculus canorus
Hawk (see Hawk-Cuckoo)
Lizard (see Lizard-Cuckoo)
Mangrove, Coccyzus minor
Oriental, Cuculus saturatus
Yellow-billed, Coccyzus americanus
Curlew (see Whimbrel):
Bristle-thighed, Numenius tahitiensis
Eskimo, Numenius borealis
Far Eastern, Numenius madagascariensis
Least, Numenius minutus
Long-billed, Numenius americanus
Dickcissel, Spiza americana
Dipper, American, Cinclus mexicanus
Dotterel, Eurasian, Charadrius morinellus
Dove:
Ground (see Ground-Dove)
Inca, Columbina inca
Mourning, Zenaida macroura
Quail (see Quail-Dove)
White-tipped, Leptotila verreauxi
White-winged, Zenaida asiatica
Zenaida, Zenaida aurita
Dovekie, Alle alle
Dowitcher:
Long-billed, Limnodromus scolopaceus
Short-billed, Limnodromus griseus

DUCKS
American Black Duck, Anas rubripes
Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
Eider:
Common, Somateria mollissima
King, Somateria spectabilis
Spectacled, Somateria fischeri
Steller’s, Polysticta stelleri
Gadwall, Anas strepera
Garganey, Anas querquedula
Goldeneye:
Barrow’s, Bucephala islandica
Common, Bucephala clangula
Harlequin Duck, Histrionicus histrionicus
Hawaiian Duck, Anas wyvilliana
Laysan Duck, Anas laysanensis
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
Masked Duck, Oxyura dominica
Merganser
Common, Mergus merganser
Hooded, Lophodytes cucullatus
Red-breasted, Mergus serrator
Mottled Duck, Anas fulvigula
Oldsquaw, Clangula hyemalis
Pintail:
Northern, Anas acuta
White-cheeked, Anas bahamensis
Pochard:
Baer’s, Aythya baeri
Common, Aythya ferina
Redhead, Aythya americana
Ring-necked Duck, Aythya collaris
Ruddy Duck, Oxyura jamaicensis
Scaup:
Greater, Aythya marila
Lesser, Aythya affinis
Scoter:
Black, Melanitta nigra
Surf, Melanitta perspicillata
White-winged, Melanitta fusca
Shoveler, Northern, Anas clypeata
Smew, Mergellus albellus
Teal:
Baikal, Anas formosa
Blue-winged, Anas discors
Cinnamon, Anas cyanoptera
Falcated, Anas falcata
Green-winged, Anas crecca
Tufted Duck, Aythya fuligula
Whistling-Duck:
Black-bellied, Dendrocygna autumnalis
Fulvous, Dendrocygna bicolor
West Indian, Dendrocygna arborea
Wigeon:
American, Anas americana
Eurasian, Anas penelope
Wood Duck, Aix sponsa
END OF DUCKS
Dunlin, Calidris alpina
Eagle:
Bald, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Golden, Aquila chrysaetos
Sea (see Sea-Eagle)
White-tailed, Haliaeetus albicilla

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§ 10.13

Egret:
Cattle, Bubulcus ibis
Chinese, Egretta eulophotes
Great, Casmerodius albus
Plumed, Egretta intermedia
Reddish, Egretta rufescens
Snowy, Egretta thula
Eider (see DUCKS)
Elaenia, Caribbean, Elaenia martinica
Emerald,
Puerto
Rican,
Chlorostilbon
maugaeus
Euphonia, Antillean, Euphonia musica
Falcon:
Aplomado, Falco femoralis
Peregrine, Falco peregrinus
Prairie, Falco mexicanus
Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris
Finch:
Cassin’s, Carpodacus cassinii
House, Carpodacus mexicanus
Purple, Carpodacus purpureus
Rosy, Leucosticte arctoa
Flamingo, Greater, Phoenicopterus ruber
Flicker, Northern, Colaptes auratus
Flycatcher:
Acadian, Empidonax virescens
Alder, Empidonax alnorum
Ash-throated, Myiarchus cinerascens
Brown-crested, Myiarchus tyrannulus
Buff-breasted, Empidonax fulvifrons
Dusky, Empidonax oberholseri
Dusky-capped, Myiarchus tuberculifer
Fork-tailed, Tyrannus savana
Gray, Empidonax wrightii
Gray-spotted, Muscicapa griseisticta
Great Crested, Myiarchus crinitus
Hammond’s, Empidonax hammondii
Least, Empidonax minimus
Narcissus, Muscicapa narcissina
Nutting’s, Myiarchus nuttingi
Olive-sided, Contopus borealis
Puerto Rican, Myiarchus antillarum
Scissor-tailed, Tyrannus forficatus
Sulphur-bellied, Myiodynastes luteiventris
Vermilion, Pyrocephalus rubinus
Western, Empidonax difficilis
Willow, Empidonax traillii
Yellow-bellied, Empidonax flaviventris
Frigatebird:
Great, Fregata minor
Magnificent, Fregata magnificens
Lesser, Fregata ariel
Fulmar, Northern, Fulmarus glacialis
Gadwall (see DUCKS)
Gallinule, Purple, Porphyrula martinica
Gannet, Northern, Sula bassanus
Garganey (see DUCKS)
Gnatcatcher:
Black-capped, Polioptila nigriceps
Black-tailed, Polioptila melanura
Blue-gray, Polioptila caerulea
Godwit:
Bar-tailed, Limosa lapponica
Black-tailed, Limosa limosa
Hudsonian, Limosa haemastica
Marbled, Limosa fedoa
Golden-Plover, Lesser, Pluvialis dominica

Goldeneye (see DUCKS)
Goldfinch:
American, Carduelis tristis
Lawrence’s, Carduelis lawrencei
Lesser, Carduelis psaltria
Goose:
Barnacle, Branta leucopsis
Bean, Anser fabalis
Canada, Branta canadensis
Emperor, Chen canagica
Greater White-fronted, Anser albifrons
Hawaiian, Nesochen sandvicensis
Ross’, Chen rossii
Snow, Chen caerulescens
Goshawk, Northern, Accipiter gentilis
Grackle:
Boat-tailed, Quiscalus major
Common, Quiscalus quiscula
Great-tailed, Quiscalus mexicanus
Greater Antillean, Quiscalus niger
Grasshopper-Warbler,
Middendorff’s,
Locustella ochotensis
Grassquit:
Black-faced, Tiaris bicolor
Yellow-faced, Tiaris olivacea
Grebe:
Eared, Podiceps nigricollis
Horned, Podiceps auritus
Least, Tachybaptus dominicus
Pied-billed, Podilymbus podiceps
Red-necked, Podiceps grisegena
Western, Aechmophorus occidentalis
Greenfinch, Oriental, Carduelis sinica
Greenshank, Common, Tringa nebularia
Grosbeak:
Black-headed, Pheucticus melanocephalus
Blue, Guiraca caerulea
Crimson-collared, Rhodothraupis celaeno
Evening, Coccothraustes vespertinus
Pine, Pinicola enucleator
Rose-breasted, Pheucticus ludovicianus
Yellow, Pheucticus chrysopeplus
Ground-Dove:
Common, Columbina passerina
Ruddy, Columbina talpacoti
Guillemot:
Black, Cepphus grylle
Pigeon, Cepphus columba
Gull:
Bonaparte’s, Larus philadelphia
California, Larus californicus
Common Black-headed, Larus ridibundus
Franklin’s, Larus pipixcan
Glaucous, Larus hyperboreus
Glaucous-winged, Larus glaucescens
Great Black-backed, Larus marinus
Heermann’s, Larus heermanni
Herring, Larus argentatus
Iceland, Larus glaucoides
Ivory, Pagophila eburnea
Laughing, Larus atricilla
Lesser Black-backed, Larus fuscus
Little, Larus minutus
Mew, Larus canus
Ring-billed, Larus delawarensis
Ross’, Rhodostethia rosea
Sabine’s, Xema sabini

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Slaty-backed, Larus schistisagus
Thayer’s, Larus thayeri
Western, Larus occidentalis
Yellow-footed, Larus livens
Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus
Harrier, Northern, Circus cyaneus
Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Hawk:
Asiatic Sparrow, Accipiter gularis
Black (see Black-Hawk)
Broad-winged, Buteo platypterus
Cooper’s, Accipiter cooperii
Ferruginous, Buteo regalis
Gray, Buteo nitidus
Harris’, Parabuteo unicinctus
Hawaiian, Buteo solitarius
Red-shouldered, Buteo lineatus
Red-tailed, Buteo jamaicensis
Rough-legged, Buteo lagopus
Sharp-shinned, Accipiter striatus
Short-tailed, Buteo brachyurus
Swainson’s, Buteo swainsoni
White-tailed, Buteo albicaudatus
Zone-tailed, Buteo albonotatus
Hawk-Cuckoo, Hodgson’s, Cuculus fugax
Hawk-Owl, Northern, Surnia ulula
Heron:
Great Blue, Ardea herodias
Green-backed, Butorides striatus
Little Blue, Egretta caerulea
Night (see Night-Heron)
Pacific Reef, Egretta sacra
Tricolored, Egretta tricolor
Hoopoe, Upupa epops
House-Martin, Common, Delichon urbica
Hummingbird (see Carib, Emerald, Mango,
Starthroat, Woodstar, Violet-ear):
Allen’s, Selasphorus sasin
Anna’s, Calypte anna
Antillean Crested, Orthorhynchus cristatus
Berylline, Amazilia beryllina
Black-chinned, Archilochus alexandri
Blue-throated, Lampornis clemenciae
Broad-billed, Cynanthus latirostris
Broad-tailed, Selasphorus platycercus
Buff-bellied, Amazilia yucatanensis
Calliope, Stellula calliope
Costa’s, Calypte costae
Lucifer, Calothorax lucifer
Magnificent, Eugenes fulgens
Ruby-throated, Archilochus colubris
Rufous, Selasphorus rufus
Violet-crowned, Amazilia violiceps
White-eared, Hylocharis leucotis
Ibis:
Glossy, Plegadis falcinellus
Scarlet, Eudocimus ruber
White, Eudocimus albus
White-faced, Plegadis chihi
Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria
Jacana, Northern, Jacana spinosa
Jaeger:
Long-tailed, Stercorarius longicaudus
Parasitic, Stercorarius parasiticus
Pomarine, Stercorarius pomarinus
Jay:
Blue, Cyanocitta cristata

Brown, Cyanocorax morio
Gray, Perisoreus canadensis
Gray-breasted, Aphelocoma ultramarina
Green, Cyanocorax yncas
Pinyon, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
Scrub, Aphelocoma coerulescens
Steller’s, Cyanocitta stelleri
Junco:
Dark-eyed, Junco hyemalis
Yellow-eyed, Junco phaeonotus
Kestrel:
American, Falco sparverius
Eurasian, Falco tinnunculus
Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
Kingbird:
Cassin’s, Tyrannus vociferans
Couch’s, Tyrannus couchii
Eastern, Tyrannus tyrannus
Gray, Tyrannus dominicensis
Loggerhead, Tyrannus caudifasciatus
Thick-billed, Tyrannus crassirostris
Tropical, Tyrannus melancholicus
Western, Tyrannus verticalis
Kingfisher:
Belted, Ceryle alcyon
Green, Chloroceryle americana
Ringed, Cyeryle torquata
Kinglet:
Golden-crowned, Regulus satrapa
Ruby-crowned, Regulus calendula
Kiskadee, Great, Pitangus sulphuratus
Kite:
American
Swallow-tailed,
Elanoides
forficatus
Black, Milvus migrans
Black-shouldered, Elanus caeruleus
Hook-billed, Chondrohierax uncinatus
Mississippi, Ictinia mississippiensis
Snail, Rostrhamus sociabilis
Kittiwake:
Black-legged, Larus tridactyla
Red-legged, Larus brevirostris
Knot:
Great, Calidris tenuirostris
Red, Calidris canutus
Lapwing, Northern, Vanellus vanellus
Lark, Horned, Eremophila alpestris
Limpkin, Aramus guarauna
Lizard-Cuckoo, Puerto Rican, Saurothera
vieilloti
Longspur:
Chestnut-collared, Calcarius ornatus
Lapland, Calcarius lapponicus
McCown’s, Calcarius mccownii
Smith’s, Calcarius pictus
Loon:
Arctic, Gavia arctica
Common, Gavia immer
Red-throated, Gavia stellata
Yellow-billed, Gavia adamsii
Magpie:
Black-billed, Pica pica
Yellow-billed, Pica nuttalli
Mallard (see DUCKS)
Mango:
Antillean, Anthracothorax dominicus
Green, Anthracothorax viridis

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Martin:
Caribbean, Progne dominicensis
Cuban, Progne cryptoleuca
Gray-breasted, Progne chalybea
House (see House-Martin)
Purple, Progne subis
Meadowlark:
Eastern, Sturnella magna
Western, Sturnella neglecta
Merganser (see DUCKS)
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Mockingbird, Northern, Mimus polyglottos
Moorhen, Common, Gallinula chloropus
Murre:
Common, Uria aalge
Thick-billed, Uria lomvia
Murrelet:
Ancient, Synthliboramphus antiquus
Craveri’s, Synthliboramphus craveri
Kittlitz’s, Brachyramphus brevirostris
Marbled, Brachyramphus marmoratus
Xantus’, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
Needletail,
White-throated,
Hirundapus
caudacutus
Night-Heron:
Black-crowned, Nycticorax nycticorax
Japanese, Nycticorax goisagi
Malay, Nycticorax melanolophus
Yellow-crowned, Nycticorax violaceus
Nighthawk:
Antillean, Chordeiles gundlachii
Common, Chordeiles minor
Lesser, Chordeiles acutipennis
Nightjar:
Buff-collared, Caprimulgus ridgwayi
Jungle, Caprimulgus indicus
Puerto Rican, Caprimulgus noctitherus
Noddy:
Black, Anous minutus
Blue-gray, Procelsterna cerulea
Brown, Anous stolidus
Lesser, Anous tenuirostris
Nutcracker, Clark’s, Nucifraga columbiana
Nuthatch:
Brown-headed, Sitta pusilla
Pygmy, Sitta pygmaea
Red-breasted, Sitta canadensis
White-breasted, Sitta carolinensis
Oldsquaw (see DUCKS)
Oriole:
Altamira, Icterus gularis
Audubon’s, Icterus graduacauda
Black-cowled, Icterus dominicensis
Black-vented, Icterus wagleri
Hooded, Icterus cucullatus
Northern, Icterus galbula
Orchard, Icterus spurius
Scott’s, Icterus parisorum
Streak-backed, Icterus pustulatus
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus
Owl:
Barn (see Barn-Owl)
Barred, Strix varia
Boreal, Aegolius funereus
Burrowing, Athene cunicularia
Elf, Micrathene whitneyi

Flammulated, Otus flammeolus
Great Gray, Strix nebulosa
Great Horned, Bubo virginianus
Hawk (see Hawk-Owl)
Long-eared, Asio otus
Pygmy (see Pygmy-Owl)
Saw-whet (see Saw-Whet Owl)
Screech (see Screech-Owl)
Short-eared, Asio flammeus
Snowy, Nyctea scandiaca
Spotted, Strix occidentalis
Oystercatcher:
American, Haematopus palliatus
Black, Haematopus bachmani
Parula:
Northern, Parula americana
Tropical, Parula pitiayumi
Pauraque, Common, Nyctidromus albicollis
Pelican:
American White, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Brown, Pelecanus occidentalis
Petrel:
Black-capped, Pterodroma hasitata
Bonin, Pterodroma hypoleuca
Bulwer’s, Bulweria bulwerii
Cook’s, Pterodroma cookii
Dark-rumped, Pterodroma phaeopygia
Herald, Pterodroma arminjoniana
Kermadec, Pterodroma neglecta
Mottled, Pterodroma inexpectata
Murphy’s, Pterodroma ultima
Storm (see Storm-Petrel)
White-necked, Pterodroma externa
Pewee:
Greater, Contopus pertinax
Lesser Antillean, Contopus latirostris
Wood (see Wood-Pewee)
Phainopepla, Phainopepla nitens
Phalarope:
Red, Phalaropus fulicaria
Red-necked, Phalaropus lobatus
Wilson’s, Phalaropus tricolor
Phoebe:
Black, Sayornis nigricans
Eastern, Sayornis phoebe
Say’s, Sayornis saya
Pigeon:
Band-tailed, Columba fasciata
Plain, Columba inornata
Red-billed, Columba flavirostris
Scaly-naped, Columba squamosa
White-crowned, Columba leucocephala
Pintail (see DUCKS)
Pipit:
Pechora, Anthus gustavi
Red-throated, Anthus cervinus
Sprague’s, Anthus spragueii
Tree (see Tree-Pipit)
Water, Anthus spinoletta
Plover:
Black-bellied, Pluvialis squatarola
Common Ringed, Charadrius hiaticula
Golden (see Golden-Plover)
Great Sand, Charadrius leschenaultii
Little Ringed, Charadrius dubius
Mongolian, Charadrius mongolus
Mountain, Charadrius montanus

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Piping, Charadrius melodus
Semipalmated, Charadrius semipalmatus
Snowy, Charadrius alexandrinus
Wilson’s, Charadrius wilsonia
Pochard (see DUCKS)
Poorwill, Common, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii
Puffin:
Atlantic, Fratercula arctica
Horned, Fratercula corniculata
Tufted, Fratercula cirrhata
Pygmy-Owl:
Ferruginous, Glaucidium brasilianum
Northern, Glaucidium gnoma
Pyrrhuloxia, Cardinalis sinuatus
Quail-Dove:
Bridled, Geotrygon mystacea
Key West, Geotrygon chrysia
Ruddy, Geotrygon montana
Rail:
Black, Laterallus jamaicensis
Clapper, Rallus longirostris
King, Rallus elegans
Sora (see Sora)
Virginia, Rallus limicola
Yellow, Coturnicops noveboracensis
Raven:
Chihuahuan, Corvus cryptoleucus
Common, Corvus corax
Razorbill, Alca torda
Redhead (see DUCKS)
Redpoll:
Common, Carduelis flammea
Hoary, Carduelis hornemanni
Redshank, Spotted, Tringa erythropus
Redstart:
American, Setophaga ruticilla
Painted, Myioborus pictus
Slaty-throated, Myioborus miniatus
Reed-Bunting:
Common, Emberiza schoeniculus
Pallas’, Emberiza pallasi
Roadrunner, Greater, Geococcyx californianus
Robin:
American, Turdus migratorius
Clay-colored, Turdus grayi
Rufous-backed, Turdus rufopalliatus
Rosefinch, Common, Carpodacus erythrinus
Rough-winged
Swallow,
Northern,
Stelgidopteryx serripennis
Rubythroat, Siberian, Luscinia calliope
Ruff, Philomachus pugnax
Sanderling, Calidris alba
Sandpiper:
Baird’s, Calidris bairdii
Broad-billed, Limicola falcinellus
Buff-breasted, Tryngites subruficollis
Common, Actitis hypoleucos
Curlew, Calidris ferruginea
Least, Calidris minutilla
Marsh, Tringa stagnatilis
Pectoral, Calidris melanotos
Purple, Calidris maritima
Rock, Calidris ptilocnemis
Semipalmated, Calidris pusilla
Sharp-tailed, Calidris acuminata
Solitary, Tringa solitaria
Spoonbill, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus

Spotted, Actitis macularia
Stilt, Calidris himantopus
Terek, Xenus cinereus
Upland, Bartramia longicauda
Western, Calidris mauri
White-rumped, Calidris fuscicollis
Wood, Tringa glareola
Sapsucker:
Red-breasted, Sphyrapicus ruber
Williamson’s, Sphyrapicus thyroideus
Yellow-bellied, Sphyrapicus varius
Saw-whet Owl, Northern, Aegolius acadicus
Scaup (see DUCKS)
Scoter (see DUCKS)
Screech-Owl:
Eastern, Otus asio
Puerto Rican, Otus nudipes
Western, Otus kennicottii
Whiskered, Otus trichopsis
Sea-Eagle, Steller’s, Haliaeetus pelagicus
Seedeater,
White-collared,
Sporophila
torqueola
Shearwater:
Audubon’s, Puffinus lherminieri
Black-vented, Puffinus opisthomelas
Buller’s, Puffinus bulleri
Christmas, Puffinus nativitatus
Cory’s, Calonectris diomedea
Flesh-footed, Puffinus carneipes
Greater, Puffinus gravis
Little, Puffinus assimilis
Manx, Puffinus puffinus
Pink-footed, Puffinus creatopus
Short-tailed, Puffinus tenuirostris
Sooty, Puffinus griseus
Townsend’s, Puffinus auricularis
Wedge-tailed, Puffinus pacificus
Shoveler (see DUCKS)
Shrike:
Loggerhead, Lanius ludovicianus
Northern, Lanius excubitor
Siskin, Pine, Carduelis pinus
Skimmer, Black, Rhynchops niger
Skua:
Great, Catharacta skua
South Polar, Catharacta maccormicki
Skylark, Eurasian, Alauda arvensis
Smew (see DUCKS)
Snipe:
Common, Gallinago gallinago
Jack, Lymnocryptes minimus
Pin-tailed, Gallinago stenura
Swinhoe’s, Gallinago megala
Solitaire, Townsend’s, Myadestes townsendi
Sora, Porzana carolina
Sparrow:
American Tree, Spizella arborea
Bachman’s, Aimophila aestivalis
Baird’s, Ammodramus bairdii
Black-chinned, Spizella atrogularis
Black-throated, Amphispiza bilineata
Botteri’s, Aimophila botterii
Brewer’s, Spizella breweri
Cassin’s, Aimophila cassinii
Chipping, Spizella passerina
Clay-colored, Spizella pallida
Field, Spizella pusilla

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Five-striped, Amphispiza quinquestriata
Fox, Passerella iliaca
Golden-crowned, Zonotrichia atricapilla
Grasshopper, Ammodramus savannarum
Harris’, Zonotrichia querula
Henslow’s, Ammodramus henslowii
Lark, Chondestes grammacus
Le Conte’s, Ammodramus leconteii
Lincoln’s, Melospiza lincolnii
Olive, Arremenops rufivirgatus
Rufous-crowned, Aimophila ruificeps
Rufous-winged, Aimophila carpalis
Sage, Amphispiza belli
Savannah, Passerculus sandwichensis
Seaside, Ammodramus maritimus
Sharp-tailed, Ammodramus caudacutus
Song, Melospiza melodia
Swamp, Melospiza georgiana
Vesper, Pooecetes gramineus
White-crowned, Zonotrichia leucophrys
White-throated, Zonotrichia albicollis
Worthen’s, Spizella wortheni
Spoonbill, Roseate, Ajaia ajaja
Starling:
Ashy, Sturnus cineraceus
Violet-backed, Sturnus philippensis
Starthroat,
Plain-capped
Heliomaster
constantii,
Stilt, Black-necked, Himantopus mexicanus
Stint:
Little, Calidris minuta
Long-toed, Calidris subminuta
Rufous-necked, Calidris ruficollis
Temminck’s, Calidris temminckii
Stork, Wood, Mycteria americana
Storm-Petrel:
Ashy, Oceanodroma homochroa
Band-rumped, Oceanodroma castro
Black, Oceanodroma melania
Fork-tailed, Oceanodroma furcata
Leach’s, Oceanodroma leucorhoa
Least, Oceanodroma microsoma
Sooty, Oceanodroma tristrami
Wedge-rumped, Oceanodroma tethys
White-faced, Pelagadroma marina
Wilson’s, Oceanites oceanicus
Surfbird, Aphriza virgata
Swallow:
Bahama, Tachycineta cyaneoviridis
Bank, Riparia riparia
Barn, Hirundo rustica
Cave, Hirundo fulva
Cliff, Hirundo pyrrhonota
Rough-winged (see Rough-winged Swallow)
Tree, Tachycineta bicolor
Violet-green, Tachycineta thalassina
Swan:
Trumpeter, Cygnus buccinator
Tundra, Cygnus columbianus
Whooper, Cygnus cygnus
Swift:
Antillean Palm, Tachornis pheonicobia
Black, Cypseloides niger
Chimney, Chaetura pelagica
Common, Apus apus
Fork-tailed, Apus pacificus
Needle-tailed (see Needletail)

Vaux’s, Chaetura vauxi
White-collared, Streptoprocne zonaris
White-throated, Aeronautes saxatalis
Tanager:
Hepatic, Piranga flava
Puerto Rican, Neospingus speculiferus
Scarlet, Piranga olivacea
Stripe-headed, Spindalis zena
Summer, Piranga rubra
Western, Piranga ludoviciana
Tattler:
Gray-tailed, Heteroscelus brevipes
Wandering, Heteroscelus incanus
Teal (see DUCKS)
Tern:
Aleutian, Sterna aleutica
Arctic, Sterna paradisaea
Black, Chlidonias niger
Black-naped, Sterna sumatrana
Bridled, Sterna anaethetus
Caspian, Sterna caspia
Common, Sterna hirundo
Elegant, Sterna elegans
Forster’s, Sterna forsteri
Gray-backed, Sterna lunata
Gull-billed, Sterna nilotica
Least, Sterna antillarum
Little, Sterna albifrons
Roseate, Sterna dougallii
Royal, Sterna maxima
Sandwich, Sterna sandvicensis
Sooty, Sterna fuscata
White, Gygis alba
White-winged, Chlidonias leucopterus
Thrasher:
Bendire’s, Toxostoma bendirei
Brown, Toxostoma rufum
California, Toxostoma redivivum
Crissal, Toxostoma crissale
Curve-billed, Toxostoma curvirostre
Le Conte’s, Toxostoma lecontei
Long-billed, Toxostoma longirostre
Pearly-eyed, Margarops fuscatus
Sage, Oreoscoptes montanus
Thrush:
Aztec, Ridgwayia pinicola
Blue Rock, Monticola solitarius
Dusky, Turdus naumanni
Eye-browed, Turdus obscurus
Gray-cheeked, Catharus minimus
Hawaiian, Phaeornis obscurus
Hermit, Catharus guttatus
Red-legged, Turdus plumbeus
Small Kauai, Phaeornis palmeri
Swainson’s, Catharus ustulatus
Varied, Ixoreus naevius
Wood, Hylocichla minima
Tit, Siberian, Parus cinctus
Titmouse:
Bridled, Parus wollweberi
Plain, Parus inornatus
Tufted, Parus bicolor
Towhee:
Abert’s, Pipilo aberti
Brown, Pipilo fuscus
Green-tailed, Pipilo chlorurus
Rufous-sided, Pipilo erythrophthalmus

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Tree-Pipit, Olive, Anthus hodgsoni
Trogon:
Eared, Euptilotus neoxenus
Elegant, Trogon elegans
Tropicbird:
Red-billed, Phaethon aethereus
Red-tailed, Phaethon rubricauda
White-tailed, Phaethon lepturus
Turnstone:
Black, Arenaria melanocephala
Ruddy, Arenaria interpres
Veery, Catharus fuscescens
Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps
Violet-Ear, Green, Colibri thalassinus
Vireo:
Bell’s Vireo bellii
Black-capped, Vireo atricapillus
Black-whiskered, Vireo altiloquus
Gray, Vireo vicinior
Hutton’s, Vireo huttoni
Philadelphia, Vireo philadelphicus
Puerto Rican, Vireo latimeri
Red-eyed, Vireo olivaceus
Solitary, Vireo solitarius
Warbling, Vireo gilvus
White-eyed, Vireo griseus
Yellow-throated, Vireo flavifrons
Vulture:
Black, Coragyps atratus
Turkey, Cathartes aura
Wagtail:
Black-backed, Motacilla lugens
Gray, Motacilla cinerea
White, Motacilla alba
Yellow, Motacilla flava
Warbler:
Adelaide’s, Dendroica adelaidae
Arctic, Phylloscopus borealis
Bachman’s Vermivora bachmanii
Bay-breasted, Dendroica castanea
Black-and-white, Mniotilta varia
Black-throated Blue, Dendroica caerulescens
Black-throated Gray, Dendroica nigrescens
Black-throated Green, Dendroica virens
Blackburnian, Dendroica fusca
Blackpoll, Dendroica striata
Blue-winged, Vermivora pinus
Canada, Wilsonia canadensis
Cape May, Dendroica tigrina
Cerulean, Dendroica cerulea
Chestnut-sided, Dendroica pensylvanica
Colima, Vermivora crissalis
Connecticut, Oporornis agilis
Elfin Woods, Dendroica angelae
Golden-cheeked, Dendroica chrysoparia
Golden-crowned, Basileuterus culicivorus
Golden-winged, Vermivora chrysoptera
Grace’s, Dendroica graciae
Grasshopper (see Grasshopper-Warbler)
Hermit, Dendroica occidentalis
Hooded, Wilsonia citrina
Kentucky, Oporornis formosus
Kirtland’s, Dendroica kirtlandii
Lucy’s, Vermivora luciae
MacGillivray’s, Oporornis tolmiei
Magnolia, Dendroica magnolia
Mourning, Oporornis philadelphia

Nashville, Vermivora ruficapilla
Olive, Peucedramus taeniatus
Orange-crowned, Vermivora celata
Palm, Dendroica palmarum
Parula (see Parula)
Pine, Dendroica pinus
Prairie, Dendroica discolor
Prothonotary, Protonotaria citrea
Red-faced, Cardellina rubrifrons
Rufous-capped, Basileuterus rufifrons
Swainson’s, Limnothlypis swainsonii
Tennessee, Vermivora peregrina
Townsend’s, Dendroica townsendi
Virgina’s, Vermivora virginiae
Willow, Phylloscopus trochilus
Wilson’s, Wilsonia pusilla
Worm-eating, Helmitheros vermivorus
Yellow, Dendroica petechia
Yellow-rumped, Dendroica coronata
Yellow-throated, Dendroica dominica
Waterthrush:
Louisiana, Seiurus motacilla
Northern, Seiurus noveboracensis
Waxwing:
Bohemian, Bombycilla garrulus
Cedar, Bombycilla cedrorum
Wheatear, Northern, Oenanthe oenanthe
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus
Whistling-Duck (see DUCKS)
Wigeon (see DUCKS)
Willet, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
Wood-Pewee:
Eastern, Contopus virens
Western, Contopus sordidulus
Woodcock:
American, Scolopax minor
Eurasian, Scolopax rusticola
Woodpecker:
Acorn, Melanerpes formicivorus
Black-backed, Picoides arcticus
Downy, Picoides pubescens
Gila, Melanerpes uropygialis
Golden-fronted, Melanerpes aurifrons
Hairy, Picoides villosus
Ivory-billed, Campephilus principalis
Ladder-backed, Picoides scalaris
Lewis’, Melanerpes lewis
Nuttall’s, Picoides nuttallii
Pileated, Dryocopus pileatus
Puerto Rican, Melanerpes portoricensis
Red-bellied, Melanerpes carolinus
Red-cockaded, Picoides borealis
Red-headed, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
Strickland’s, Picoides stricklandi
Three-toed, Picoides tridactylus
White-headed, Picoides albolarvatus
Woodstar, Bahama, Calliphlox evelynae
Wren:
Bewick’s Thryomanes bewickii
Cactus, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus
Canyon, Catherpes mexicanus
Carolina, Thryothorus ludovicianus
House, Troglodytes aedon
Marsh, Cistothorus palustris
Rock, Salpinctes obsoletus
Sedge, Cistothorus platensis

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§ 10.13

Winter, Troglodytes troglodytes
Wryneck, Eurasian, Jynx torquilla
Yellowlegs:
Greater, Tringa melanoleuca
Lesser, Tringa flavipes
Yellowthroat:
Common, Geothlypis trichas
Gray-crowned, Geothlypis poliocephala

Pelagodroma marina, White-faced Storm-Petrel
Oceanodroma furcata, Fork-tailed StormPetrel
Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Leach’s Storm-Petrel
Oceanodroma homochroa, Ashy Storm-Petrel
Oceanodroma castro, Band-rumped StormPetrel
Oceanodroma tethys, Wedge-rumped StormPetrel
Oceanodroma melania, Black Storm-Petrel
Oceanodroma tristrami, Sooty Storm-Petrel
Oceanodroma microsoma, Least Storm-Petrel
ORDER PELECANIFORMES
FAMILY PHAETHONTIDAE
Phaethon lepturus, White-tailed Tropicbird
Phaethon aethereus, Red-billed Tropicbird
Phaethon rubricauda, Red-tailed Tropicbird
FAMILY SULIDAE
Sula dactylatra, Masked Booby
Sula nebouxii, Blue-footed Booby
Sula leucogaster, Brown Booby
Sula sula, Red-footed Booby
Sula bassanus, Northern Gannet
FAMILY PELECANIDAE
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, American White
Pelican
Pelecanus occidentalis, Brown Pelican
AMILY
PHALACROCORACIDAE
F
Phalacrocorax carbo, Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax auritus, Double-crested Cormorant
Phalacrocorax olivaceus, Olivaceous Cormorant
Phalacrocorax penicillatus, Brandt’s Cormorant
Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Pelagic Cormorant
Phalacrocorax urile, Red-faced Cormorant
FAMILY ANHINGIDAE
Anhinga anhinga, Anhinga
FAMILY FREGATIDAE
Fregata
magnificens,
Magnificent
Frigatebird
Fregata minor, Great Frigatebird
Fregata ariel, Lesser Frigatebird
ORDER CICONIIFORMES
FAMILY ARDEIDAE
Botaurus lentiginosus, American Bittern
Ixobrychus exilis, Least Bittern
Ixobrychus sinensis, Chinese Bittern
Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Schrenk’s Bittern
Ardea herodias, Great Blue Heron
Casmerodius albus, Great Egret
Egretta eulophotes, Chinese Egret
Egretta sacra, Pacific Reef Heron
Egretta intermedia, Plumed Egret
Egretta thula, Snowy Egret
Egretta caerulea, Little Blue Heron
Egretta tricolor, Tricolored Heron
Egretta rufescens, Reddish Egret

II. TAXONOMIC LISTING
ORDER GAVIIFORMES
FAMILY GAVIIDAE
Gavia stellata, Red-throated Loon
Gavia arctica, Arctic Loon
Gavia immer, Common Loon
Gavia adamsii, Yellow-billed Loon
ORDER PODICIPEDIFORMES
FAMILY PODICIPEDIDAE
Tachybaptus dominicus, Least Grebe
Podilymbus podiceps, Pied-billed Grebe
Podiceps auritus, Horned Grebe
Podiceps grisegena, Red-necked Grebe
Podiceps nigricollis, Eared Grebe
Aechmophorus occidentalis, Western Grebe
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES
FAMILY DIOMEDEIDAE
Diomedea albatrus, Short-tailed Albatross
Diomedea nigripes, Black-footed Albatross
Diomedea immutabilis, Laysan Albatross
Diomedea chlororhynchos, Yellow-nosed Albatross
FAMILY PROCELLARIIDAE
Fulmarus glacialis, Northern Fulmar
Pterodroma hasitata, Black-capped Petrel
Pterodroma phaeopygia, Dark-rumped Petrel
Pterodroma externa, White-necked Petrel
Pterodroma inexpectata, Mottled Petrel
Pterodroma ultima, Murphy’s Petrel
Pterodroma neglecta, Kermadec Petrel
Pterodroma arminjoniana, Herald Petrel
Pterodroma cookii, Cook’s Petrel
Pterodroma hypoleuca, Bonin Petrel
Bulweria bulwerii, Bulwer’s Petrel
Calonectris diomedea, Cory’s Shearwater
Puffinus creatopus, Pink-footed Shearwater
Puffinus carneipes, Flesh-footed Shearwater
Puffinus gravis, Greater Shearwater
Puffinus pacificus, Wedge-tailed Shearwater
Puffinus bulleri, Buller’s Shearwater
Puffinus griseus, Sooty Shearwater
Puffinus
tenuirostris,
Short-tailed
Shearwater
Puffinus nativitatis, Christmas Shearwater
Puffinus puffinus, Manx Shearwater
Puffinus
opisthomelas,
Black-vented
Shearwater
Puffinus
auricularis,
Townsend’s
Shearwater
Puffinus assimilis, Little Shearwater
Puffinus lherminieri, Audubon’s Shearwater
FAMILY HYDROBATIDAE
Oceanites oceanicus, Wilson’s Storm-Petrel

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Bubulcus ibis, Cattle Egret
Butorides striatus, Green-backed Heron
Nycticorax
nycticorax,
Black-crowned
Night-Heron
Nycticorax melanolophus, Malay NightHeron
Nycticorax goisagi, Japanese Night-Heron
Nycticorax violaceus, Yellow-crowned NightHeron
FAMILY THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Eudocimus albus, White Ibis
Eudocimus ruber, Scarlet Ibis
Plegadis falcinellus, Glossy Ibis
Plegadis chihi, White-faced Ibis
Ajaia ajaja, Roseate Spoonbill
FAMILY CICONIIDAE
Jabiru mycteria, Jabiru
Mycteria americana, Wood Stork
ORDER PHOENICOPTERIFORMES
FAMILY PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Phoenicopterus ruber, Greater Flamingo
ORDER ANSERIFORMES
FAMILY ANATIDAE
Dendrocygna bicolor, Fulvous WhistlingDuck
Dendrocygna
autumnalis,
Black-bellied
Whistling-Duck
Dendrocygna arborea, West Indian Whistling-Duck
Cygnus columbianus, Tundra Swan
Cygnus cygnus, Whooper Swan
Cygnus buccinator, Trumpeter Swan
Anser fabalis, Bean Goose
Anser albifrons, Greater White-fronted
Goose
Chen caerulescens, Snow Goose
Chen rossii, Ross’ Goose
Chen canagica, Emperor Goose
Branta bernicla, Brant
Branta leucopsis, Barnacle Goose
Branta canadensis, Canada Goose
Nesochen sandvicensis, Hawaiian Goose
Aix sponsa, Wood Duck
Anas crecca, Green-winged Teal
Anas formosa, Baikal Teal
Anas falcata, Falcated Teal
Anas rubripes, American Black Duck
Anas fulvigula, Mottled Duck
Anas platyrhynchos, Mallard
Anas wyvilliana, Hawaiian Duck
Anas laysanensis, Laysan Duck
Anas bahamensis, White-cheeked Pintail
Anas acuta, Northern Pintail
Anas querquedula, Garganey
Anas discors, Blue-winged Teal
Anas cyanoptera, Cinnamon Teal
Anas clypeata, Northern Shoveler
Anas strepera, Gadwall
Anas penelope, Eurasian Wigeon
Anas americana, American Wigeon
Aythya ferina, Common Pochard
Aythya valisineria, Canvasback
Aythya americana, Redhead
Aythya baeri, Baer’s Pochard

Aythya collaris, Ring-necked Duck
Aythya fuligula, Tufted Duck
Aythya marila, Greater Scaup
Aythya affinis, Lesser Scaup
Somateria mollissima, Common Eider
Somateria spectabilis, King Eider
Somateria fischeri, Spectacled Eider
Polysticta stelleri, Steller’s Eider
Histrionicus histrionicus, Harlequin Duck
Clangula hyemalis, Oldsquaw
Melanitta nigra, Black Scoter
Melanitta perspicillata, Surf Scoter
Melanitta fusca, White-winged Scoter
Bucephala clangula, Common Goldeneye
Bucephala islandica, Barrow’s Goldeneye
Bucephala albeola, Bufflehead
Mergellus albellus, Smew
Lophodytes cucullatus, Hooded Merganser
Mergus merganser, Common Merganser
Mergus serrator, Red-breasted Merganser
Oxyura jamaicensis, Ruddy Duck
Oxyura dominica, Masked Duck
ORDER FALCONIFORMES
FAMILY CATHARTIDAE
Coragyps atratus, Black Vulture
Cathartes aura, Turkey Vulture
Gymnogyps californianus, California Condor
FAMILY ACCIPITRIDAE
Pandion haliaetus, Osprey
Chondrohierax uncinatus, Hook-billed Kite
Elanoides forficatus, American Swallowtailed Kite
Elanus caeruleus, Black-shouldered Kite
Rostrhamus sociabilis, Snail Kite
Ictinia mississippiensis, Mississippi Kite
Milvus migrans, Black Kite
Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Bald Eagle
Haliaeetus albicilla, White-tailed Eagle
Haliaeetus pelagicus, Steller’s Sea-Eagle
Circus cyaneus, Northern Harrier
Accipiter gularis, Asiatic Sparrow Hawk
Accipiter striatus, Sharp-shinned Hawk
Accipiter cooperii, Cooper’s Hawk
Accipiter gentilis, Northern Goshawk
Buteogallus anthracinus, Common BlackHawk
Parabuteo unicinctus, Harris’ Hawk
Buteo nitidus, Gray Hawk
Buteo lineatus, Red-shouldered Hawk
Buteo platypterus, Broad-winged Hawk
Buteo brachyurus, Short-tailed Hawk
Buteo swainsoni, Swainson’s Hawk
Buteo albicaudatus, White-tailed Hawk
Buteo albonotatus, Zone-tailed Hawk
Buteo solitarius, Hawaiian Hawk
Buteo jamaicensis, Red-tailed Hawk
Buteo regalis, Ferruginous Hawk
Buteo lagopus, Rough-legged Hawk
Aquila chrysaetos, Golden Eagle
FAMILY FALCONIDAE
Polyborus plancus, Crested Caracara
Falco tinnunculus, Eurasian Kestrel
Falco sparverius, American Kestrel
Falco columbarius, Merlin
Falco femoralis, Aplomado Falcon

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Falco peregrinus, Peregrine Falcon
Falco rusticolus, Gyrfalcon
Falco mexicanus, Prairie Falcon
ORDER GRUIFORMES
FAMILY RALLIDAE
Coturnicops noveboracensis, Yellow Rail
Laterallus jamaicensis, Black Rail
Crex crex, Corn Crake
Rallus longirostris, Clapper Rail
Rallus elegans, King Rail
Rallus limicola, Virginia Rail
Porzana carolina, Sora
Porzana flaviventer, Yellow-breasted Crake
Porphyrula martinica, Purple Gallinule
Gallinula chloropus, Common Moorhen
Fulica atra, Eurasian Coot
Fulica americana, American Coot
Fulica caribaea, Caribbean Coot
FAMILY ARAMIDAE
Aramus guarauna, Limpkin
FAMILY GRUIDAE
Grus canadensis, Sandhill Crane
Grus grus, Common Crane
Grus americana, Whooping Crane
ORDER CHARADRIIFORMES
FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE
Vanellus vanellus, Northern Lapwing
Pluvialis squatarola, Black-bellied Plover
Pluvialis dominica, Lesser Golden-Plover
Charadrius mongolus, Mongolian Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii, Great Sand Plover
Charadrius alexandrinus, Snowy Plover
Charadrius wilsonia, Wilson’s Plover
Charadrius hiaticula, Common Ringed Plover
Charadrius semipalmatus, Semipalmated
Plover
Charadrius melodus, Piping Plover
Charadrius dubius, Little Ringed Plover
Charadrius vociferus, Killdeer
Charadrius montanus, Mountain Plover
Charadrius morinellus, Eurasian Dotterel
FAMILY HAEMATOPODIDAE
Haematopus
palliatus,
American
Oystercatcher
Haematopus bachmani, Black Oystercatcher
FAMILY RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Himantopus mexicanus, Black-necked Stilt
Recurvirostra americana, American Avocet
FAMILY JACANIDAE
Jacana spinosa, Northern Jacana
FAMILY, SCOLOPACIDAE
Tringa nebularia, Common Greenshank
Tringa melanoleuca, Greater Yellowlegs
Tringa flavipes, Lesser Yellowlegs
Tringa stagnatilis, Marsh Sandpiper
Tringa erythropus, Spotted Redshank
Tringa glareola, Wood Sandpiper
Tringa solitaria, Solitary Sandpiper
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus, Willet
Heteroscelus incanus, Wandering Tattler
Heteroscelus brevipes, Gray-tailed Tattler

Actitis hypoleucos, Common Sandpiper
Actitis macularia, Spotted Sandpiper
Xenus cinereus, Terek Sandpiper
Bartramia longicauda, Upland Sandpiper
Numenius minutus, Least Curlew
Numenius borealis, Eskimo Curlew
Numenius phaeopus, Whimbrel
Numenius tahitiensis, Bristle-thighed Curlew
Numenius madagascariensis, Far Eastern
Curlew
Numenius americanus, Long-billed Curlew
Limosa limosa, Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa haemastica, Hudsonian Godwit
Limosa lapponica, Bar-tailed Godwit
Limosa fedoa, Marbled Godwit
Arenaria interpres, Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria melanocephala, Black Turnstone
Aphriza virgata, Surfbird
Calidris tenuirostris, Great Knot
Calidris canutus, Red Knot
Calidris alba, Sanderling
Calidris pusilla, Semipalmated Sandpiper
Calidris mauri, Western Sandpiper
Calidris ruficollis, Rufous-necked Stint
Calidris minuta, Little Stint
Calidris temminckii, Temminck’s Stint
Calidris subminuta, Long-toed Stint
Calidris minutilla, Least Sandpiper
Calidris fuscicollis, White-rumped Sandpiper
Calidris bairdii, Baird’s Sandpiper
Calidris melanotos, Pectoral Sandpiper
Calidris acuminata, Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Calidris maritima, Purple Sandpiper
Calidris ptilocnemis, Rock Sandpiper
Calidris alpina, Dunlin
Calidris ferruginea, Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris himantopus, Stilt Sandpiper
Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, Spoonbill Sandpiper
Limicola falcinellus, Broad-billed Sandpiper
Tryngites subruficollis, Buff-breasted Sandpiper
Philomachus pugnax, Ruff
Limnodromus
griseus,
Short-billed
Dowitcher
Limnodromus
scolopaceus,
Long-billed
Dowitcher
Lymnocryptes minimus, Jack Snipe
Gallinago gallinago, Common Snipe
Gallinago stenura, Pin-tailed Snipe
Gallinago megala, Swinhoe’s Snipe
Scolopax rusticola, Eurasian Woodcock
Scolopax minor, American Woodcock
Phalaropus tricolor, Wilson’s Phalarope
Phalaropus lobatus, Red-necked Phalarope
Phalaropus fulicaria, Red Phalarope
FAMILY LARIDAE
Stercorarius pomarinus, Pomarine Jaeger
Stercorarius parasiticus, Parasitic Jaeger
Stercorarius longicaudus, Long-tailed Jaeger
Catharacta skua, Great Skua
Catharacta maccormicki, South Polar Skua
Larus atricilla, Laughing Gull
Larus pipixcan, Franklin’s Gull
Larus minutus, Little Gull

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Larus ridibundus, Common Black-headed
Gull
Larus philadelphia, Bonaparte’s Gull
Larus heermanni, Heermann’s Gull
Larus canus, Mew Gull
Larus delawarensis, Ring-billed Gull
Larus californicus, California Gull
Larus argentatus, Herring Gull
Larus thayeri, Thayer’s Gull
Larus glaucoides, Iceland Gull
Larus fuscus, Lesser Black-backed Gull
Larus schistisagus, Slaty-backed Gull
Larus livens, Yellow-footed Gull
Larus occidentalis, Western Gull
Larus glaucescens, Glaucous-winged Gull
Larus hyperboreus, Glaucous Gull
Larus marinus, Great Black-backed Gull
Rissa tridactyla, Black-legged Kittiwake
Rissa brevirostris, Red-legged Kittiwake
Rhodostethia rosea, Ross’ Gull
Xema sabini, Sabine’s Gull
Pagophila eburnea, Ivory Gull
Sterna nilotica, Gull-billed Tern
Sterna caspia, Caspian Tern
Sterna maxima, Royal Tern
Sterna elegans, Elegant Tern
Sterna sandvicensis, Sandwich Tern
Sterna dougallii, Roseate Tern
Sterna hirundo, Common Tern
Sterna paradisaea, Arctic Tern
Sterna aleutica, Aleutian Tern
Sterna forsteri, Forster’s Tern
Sterna antillarum, Least Tern
Sterna albifrons, Little Tern
Sterna sumatrana, Black-naped Tern
Sterna lunata, Gray-backed Tern
Sterna anaethetus, Bridled Tern
Sterna fuscata, Sooty Tern
Chlidonias leucopterus, White-winged Tern
Chlidonias niger, Black Tern
Anous stolidus, Brown Noddy
Anous minutus, Black Noddy
Anous tenuirostris, Lesser Noddy
Procelsterna cerulea, Blue-Gray Noddy
Gygis alba, White Tern
Rynchops niger, Black Skimmer
FAMILY ALCIDAE
Alle alle, Dovekie
Uria aalge, Common Murre
Uria lomvia, Thick-billed Murre
Alca torda, Razorbill
Cepphus grylle, Black Guillemot
Cepphus columba, Pigeon Guillemot
Brachyramphus
marmoratus,
Marbled
Murrelet
Brachyramphus
brevirostris,
Kittlitz’s
Murrelet
Synthliboramphus
hypoleucus,
Xantus’
Murrelet
Synthliboramphus
craveri,
Craveri’s
Murrelet
Synthliboramphus
antiquus,
Ancient
Murrelet
Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cassin’s Auklet
Cyclorrhynchus psittacula, Parakeet Auklet
Aethia pusilla, Least Auklet

Aethia pygmaea, Whiskered Auklet
Aethia cristatella, Crested Auklet
Cerorhinca monocerata, Rhinoceros Auklet
Fratercula cirrhata, Tufted Puffin
Fratercula arctica, Atlantic Puffin
Fratercula corniculata, Horned Puffin
ORDER COLUMBIFORMES
FAMILY COLUMBIDAE
Columba squamosa, Scaly-naped Pigeon
Columba leucocephala, White-crowned Pigeon
Columba flavirostris, Red-billed Pigeon
Columba inornata, Plain Pigeon
Columba fasciata, Band-tailed Pigeon
Zenaida asiatica, White-winged Dove
Zenaida aurita, Zenaida Dove
Zenaida macroura, Mourning Dove
Columbina inca, Inca Dove
Columbina passerina, Common Ground-Dove
Columbina talpacoti, Ruddy Ground-Dove
Leptotila verreauxi, White-tipped Dove
Geotrygon chrysia, Key West Quail-Dove
Geotrygon mystacea, Bridled Quail-Dove
Geotrygon montana, Ruddy Quail-Dove
ORDER CUCULIFORMES
FAMILY CUCULIDAE
Cuculus canorus, Common Cuckoo
Cuculus saturatus, Oriental Cuckoo
Cuculus fugax, Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo
Coccyzus
erythropthalmus,
Black-billed
Cuckoo
Coccyzus americanus, Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Coccyzus minor, Mangrove Cuckoo
Geococcyx californianus, Greater Roadrunner
Saurothera vieilloti, Puerto Rican LizardCuckoo
Crotophaga ani, Smooth-billed Ani
Crotophaga sulcirostris, Groove-billed Ani
ORDER STRIGIFORMES
FAMILY TYTONIDAE
Tyto alba, Common Barn-Owl
FAMILY STRIGIDAE
Otus flammeolus, Flammulated Owl
Otus asio, Eastern Screech-Owl
Otus kennicottii, Western Screech-Owl
Otus trichopsis, Whiskered Screech-Owl
Otus nudipes, Puerto Rican Screech-Owl
Bubo virginianus, Great Horned Owl
Nyctea scandiaca, Snowy Owl
Surnia ulula, Northern Hawk-Owl
Glaucidium gnoma, Northern Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium
brasilianum,
Ferruginous
Pygmy-Owl
Micrathene whitneyi, Elf Owl
Athene cunicularia, Burrowing Owl
Strix occidentalis, Spotted Owl
Strix varia, Barred Owl
Strix nebulosa, Great Gray Owl
Asio otus, Long-eared Owl
Asio flammeus, Short-eared Owl
Aegolius funereus, Boreal Owl
Aegolius acadicus, Northern Saw-whet Owl
ORDER CAPRIMULGIFORMES

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Trogon elegans, Elegant Trogon
Euptilotus neoxenus, Eared Trogon
ORDER CORACIIFORMES
FAMILY UPUPIDAE
Upupa epops, Hoopoe
FAMILY ALCEDINIDAE
Ceryle torquata, Ringed Kingfisher
Ceryle alcyon, Belted Kingfisher
Chloroceryle americana, Green Kingfisher
ORDER PICIFORMES
FAMILY PICIDAE
Jynx torquilla, Eurasian Wryneck
Melanerpes lewis, Lewis’ Woodpecker
Melanerpes
erythrocephalus,
Red-headed
Woodpecker
Melanerpes formicivorus, Acorn Woodpecker
Melanerpes uropygialis, Gila Woodpecker
Melanerpes aurifrons, Golden-fronted Woodpecker
Melanerpes carolinus, Red-bellied Woodpecker
Melanerpes portoricensis, Puerto Rican
Woodpecker
Sphyrapicus varius, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Sphyrapicus ruber, Red-breasted Sapsucker
Sphyrapicus thyroideus, Williamson’s Sapsucker
Picoides scalaris, Ladder-Backed Woodpecker
Picoides nuttallii, Nuttall’s Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens, Downy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus, Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides stricklandi, Strickland’s Woodpecker
Picoides borealis, Red-cockaded Woodpecker
Picoides albolarvatus, White-headed Woodpecker
Picoides tridactylus, Three-toed Woodpecker
Picoides arcticus, Black-backed Woodpecker
Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker
Dryocopus pileatus, Pileated Woodpecker
Campephilus principalis, Ivory-billed Woodpecker
ORDER PASSERIFORMES
FAMILY TYRANNIDAE
Elaenia martinica, Caribbean Elaenia
Camptostoma imberbe, Northern BeardlessTyrannulet
Contopus borealis, Olive-sided Flycatcher
Contopus pertinax, Greater Pewee
Contopus sordidulus, Western Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens, Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus latirostris, Lesser Antillean Pewee
Empidonax
flaviventris,
Yellow-bellied
Flycatcher
Empidonax virescens, Acadian Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum, Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax traillii, Willow Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus, Least Flycatcher
Empidonax
hammondii,
Hammond’s
Flycatcher
Empidonax oberholseri, Dusky Flycatcher
Empidonax wrightii, Gray Flycatcher

FAMILY CAPRIMULGIDAE
Chordeiles acutipennis, Lesser Nighthawk
Chordeiles minor, Common Nighthawk
Chordeiles gundlachii, Antillean Nighthawk
Nyctidromus albicollis, Common Pauraque
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii, Common Poorwill
Caprimulgus
carolinensis,
Chuck-will’swidow
Caprimulgus
ridgwayi,
Buff-collared
Nightjar
Caprimulgus vociferus, Whip-poor-will
Caprimulgus noctitherus, Puerto Rican
Nightjar
Caprimulgus indicus, Jungle Nightjar
ORDER APODIFORMES
FAMILY APODIDAE
Cypseloides niger, Black Swift
Streptoprocne zonaris, White-collared Swift
Chaetura pelagica, Chimney Swift
Chaetura vauxi, Vaux’s Swift
Hirundapus caudacutus, White-throated
Needletail
Apus apus, Common Swift
Apus pacificus, Fork-tailed Swift
Aeronautes saxatalis, White-throated Swift
Tachornis phoenicobia, Antillean Palm
Swift
FAMILY TROCHILIDAE
Colibri thalassinus, Green Violet-ear
Anthracothorax dominicus, Antillean Mango
Anthracothorax viridis, Green Mango
Eulampis holosericeus, Green-throated Carib
Orthorhynchus cristatus, Antillean Crested
Hummingbird
Chlorostilbon maugaeus, Puerto Rican Emerald
Cynanthus latirostris, Broad-billed Hummingbird
Hylocharis leucotis, White-eared Hummingbird
Amazilia beryllina, Berylline Hummingbird
Amazilia yucatanensis, Buff-bellied Hummingbird
Amazilia violiceps, Violet-crowned Hummingbird
Lampornis clemenciae, Blue-throated Hummingbird
Eugenes fulgens, Magnificent Hummingbird
Heliomaster
constantii,
Plain-capped
Starthroat
Calliphlox evelynae, Bahama Woodstar
Calothorax lucifer, Lucifer Hummingbird
Archilochus colubris, Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Archilochus alexandri, Black-chinned Hummingbird
Calypte anna, Anna’s Hummingbird
Calypte costae, Costa’s Hummingbird
Stellula calliope, Calliope Hummingbird
Selasphorus platycercus, Broad-tailed Hummingbird
Selasphorus rufus, Rufous Hummingbird
Selasphorus sasin, Allen’s Hummingbird
ORDER TROGONIFORMES
FAMILY TROGONIDAE

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50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–05 Edition)

Empidonax difficilis, Western Flycatcher
Empidonax
fulvifrons,
Buff-breasted
Flycatcher
Sayornis nigricans, Black Phoebe
Sayornis phoebe, Eastern Phoebe
Sayornis saya, Say’s Phoebe
Pyrocephalus rubinus, Vermilion Flycatcher
Myiarchus
tuberculifer,
Dusky-capped
Flycatcher
Myiarchus
cinerascens,
Ash-throated
Flycatcher
Myiarchus nuttingi, Nutting’s Flycatcher
Myiarchus
crinitus,
Great
Crested
Flycatcher
Myiarchus
tyrannulus,
Brown-crested
Flycatcher
Myiarchus
antillarum,
Puerto
Rican
Flycatcher
Pitangus sulphuratus, Great Kiskadee
Myiodynastes luteiventris, Sulpher-bellied
Flycatcher
Tyrannus melancholicus, Tropical Kingbird
Tyrannus couchii, Couch’s Kingbird
Tyrannus vociferans, Cassin’s Kingbird
Tyrannus
crassirostris,
Thick-billed
Kingbird
Tyrannus verticalis, Western Kingbird
Tyrannus tyrannus, Eastern Kingbird
Tyrannus dominicensis, Gray Kingbird
Tyrannus
caudifasciatus,
Loggerhead
Kingbird
Tyrannus
forficatus,
Scissor-tailed
Flycatcher
Tyrannus savana, Fork-tailed Flycatcher
Pachyramphus
aglaiae,
Rose-throated
Becard
FAMILY ALAUDIDAE
Alauda arvensis, Eurasian Skylark
Eremophila alpestris, Horned Lark
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE
Progne subis, Purple Martin
Progne cryptoleuca, Cuban Martin
Progne dominicensis, Caribbean Martin
Progne chalybea, Gray-breasted Martin
Tachycineta bicolor, Tree Swallow
Tachycineta thalassina, Violet-green Swallow
Tachycineta cyaneoviridis, Bahama Swallow
Stelgidopteryx serripennis, Northern Roughwinged Swallow
Riparia riparia, Bank Swallow
Hirundo pyrrhonota, Cliff Swallow
Hirundo fulva, Cave Swallow
Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow
Delichon urbica, Common House-Martin
FAMILY CORVIDAE
Perisoreus canadensis, Gray Jay
Cyanocitta stelleri, Steller’s Jay
Cyanocitta cristata, Blue Jay
Cyanocorax yncas, Green Jay
Cyanocorax morio, Brown Jay
Aphelocoma coerulescens, Scrub Jay
Aphelocoma ultramarina, Gray-breasted Jay
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, Pinyon Jay
Nucifraga columbiana, Clark’s Nutcracker

Pica pica, Black-billed Magpie
Pica nuttalli, Yellow-billed Magpie
Corvus brachyrhynchos, American Crow
Corvus caurinus, Northwestern Crow
Corvus leucognaphalus, White-necked Crow
Corvus imparatus, Mexican Crow
Corvus ossifragus, Fish Crow
Corvus hawaiiensis, Hawaiian Crow
Corvus cryptoleucus, Chihuahuan Raven
Corvus corax, Common Raven
FAMILY PARIDAE
Parus atricapillus, Black-capped Chickadee
Parus carolinensis, Carolina Chickadee
Parus sclateri, Mexican Chickadee
Parus gambeli, Mountain Chickadee
Parus cinctus, Siberian Tit
Parus hudsonicus, Boreal Chickadee
Parus rufescens, Chestnut-backed Chickadee
Parus wollweberi, Bridled Titmouse
Parus inornatus, Plain Titmouse
Parus bicolor, Tufted Titmouse
FAMILY REMIZIDAE
Auriparus flaviceps, Verdin
FAMILY AEGITHALIDAE
Psaltriparus minimus, Bushtit
FAMILY SITTIDAE
Sitta canadensis, Red-breasted Nuthatch
Sitta carolinensis, White-breasted Nuthatch
Sitta pygmaea, Pygmy Nuthatch
Sitta pusilla, Brown-headed Nuthatch
FAMILY CERTHIIDAE
Certhia americana, Brown Creeper
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDAE
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Cactus
Wren
Salpinctes obsoletus, Rock Wren
Catherpes mexicanus, Canyon Wren
Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wren
Thryomanes bewickii, Bewick’s Wren
Troglodytes aedon, House Wren
Troglodytes troglodytes, Winter Wren
Cistothorus platensis, Sedge Wren
Cistothorus palustris, Marsh Wren
FAMILY CINCLIDAE
Cinclus mexicanus, American Dipper
FAMILY MUSCICAPIDAE
SUBFAMILY SYLVIINAE
Locustella ochotensis, Middendorff’s Grasshopper-Warbler
Phylloscopus borealis, Arctic Warbler
Phylloscopus trochilus, Willow Warbler
Regulus satrapa, Golden-crowned Kinglet
Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Polioptila caerulea, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Polioptila
melanura,
Black-tailed
Gnatcatcher
Polioptila
nigriceps,
Black-capped
Gnatcatcher
SUBFAMILY MUSCICAPINAE
Muscicapa
griseisticta,
Gray-spotted
Flycatcher

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior

§ 10.13
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo
Vireo

griseus, White-eyed Vireo
latimeri, Puerto Rican Vireo
bellii, Bells’ Vireo
atricapillus, Black-capped Vireo
vicinior, Gray Vireo
solitarius, Solitary Vireo
flavifrons, Yellow-throated Vireo
huttoni, Hutton’s Vireo
gilvus, Warbling Vireo
philadelphicus, Philadelphia Vireo
olivaceus, Red-eyed Vireo
altiloquus, Black-whiskered Vireo
FAMILY EMBERIZIDAE
SUBFAMILY PARULINAE
Vermivora bachmanii, Bachman’s Warbler
Vermivora pinus, Blue-winged Warbler
Vermivora chrysoptera, Golden-winged Warbler
Vermivora peregrina, Tennessee Warbler
Vermivora celata, Orange-crowned Warbler
Vermivora ruficapilla, Nashville Warbler
Vermivora virginiae, Virginia’s Warbler
Vermivora crissalis, Colima Warbler
Vermivora luciae, Lucy’s Warbler
Parula americana, Northern Parula
Parula pitiayumi, Tropical Parula
Dendroica petechia, Yellow Warbler
Dendroica
pensylvanica,
Chestnut-sided
Warbler
Dendroica magnolia, Magnolia Warbler
Dendroica tigrina, Cape May Warbler
Dendroica caerulescens, Black-throated Blue
Warbler
Dendroica coronata, Yellow-rumped Warbler
Dendroica nigrescens, Black-throated Gray
Warbler
Dendroica townsendi, Townsend’s Warbler
Dendroica occidentalis, Hermit Warbler
Dendroica virens, Black-throated Green
Warbler
Dendroica
chrysoparia,
Golden-cheeked
Warbler
Dendroica fusca, Blackburnian Warbler
Dendroica dominica, Yellow-throated Warbler
Dendroica graciae, Grace’s Warbler
Dendroica adelaidae, Adelaide’s Warbler
Dendroica pinus, Pine Warbler
Dendroica kirtlandii, Kirtland’s Warbler
Dendroica discolor, Prairie Warbler
Dendroica palmarum, Palm Warbler
Dendroica castanea, Bay-breasted Warbler
Dendroica striata, Blackpoll Warbler
Dendroica cerulea, Cerulean Warbler
Dendroica angelae, Elfin Woods Warbler
Mniotilta varia, Black-and-White Warbler
Setophaga ruticilla, American Redstart
Protonotaria citrea, Prothonotary Warbler
Helmitheros vermivorus, Worm-eating Warbler
Limnothlypis swainsonii, Swainson’s Warbler
Seiurus aurocapillus, Ovenbird
Seiurus
noveboracensis,
Northern
Waterthrush
Seiurus motacilla, Louisiana Waterthrush

Muscicapa narcissina, Narcissus Flycatcher
SUBFAMILY TURDINAE
Luscinia calliope, Siberian Rubythroat
Luscinia svecica, Bluethroat
Monticola solitarius, Blue Rock Thrush
Oenanthe oenanthe, Northern Wheatear
Sialis sialis, Eastern Bluebird
Sialis mexicana, Western Bluebird
Sialis currucoides, Mountain Bluebird
Myadestes townsendi, Townsend’s Solitaire
Phaeornis obscurus, Hawaiian Thrush
Phaeornis palmeri, Small Kauai Thrush
Catharus fuscescens, Veery
Catharus minimus, Gray-cheeked Thrush
Catharus ustulatus, Swainson’s Thrush
Catharus guttatus, Hermit Thrush
Hylocichla mustelina, Wood Thrush
Turdus plumbeus, Red-legged Thrush
Turdus obscurus, Eye-browed Thrush
Turdus naumanni, Dusky Thrush
Turdus pilaris, Fieldfare
Turdus grayi, Clay-colored Robin
Turdus rufopalliatus, Rufous-backed Robin
Turdus migratorius, American Robin
Ixoreus naevius, Varied Thrush
Ridgwayia pinicola, Aztec Thrush
FAMILY MIMIDAE
Dumetella carolinensis, Gray Catbird
Mimus polyglottos, Northern Mockingbird
Oreoscoptes montanus, Sage Thrasher
Toxostoma rufum, Brown Thrasher
Toxostoma longirostre, Long-billed Thrasher
Toxostoma bendirei, Bendire’s Thrasher
Toxostoma curvirostre, Curve-billed Thrasher
Toxostoma redivivum, California Thrasher
Toxostoma crissale, Crissal Thrasher
Toxostoma lecontei, Le Conte’s Thrasher
Margarops fuscatus, Pearly-eyed Thrasher
FAMILY PRUNELLIDAE
Prunella montanella, Siberian Accentor
FAMILY MOTACILLIDAE
Motacilla flava, Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla cinerea, Gray Wagtail
Motacilla alba, White Wagtail
Motacilla lugens, Black-backed Wagtail
Anthur hodgsoni, Olive Tree-Pipit
Anthus gustavi, Pechora Pipit
Anthus cervinus, Red-throated Pipit
Anthus spinoletta, Water Pipit
Anthus spragueii, Sprague’s Pipit
FAMILY BOMBYCILLIDAE
Bombycilla garrulus, Bohemian Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum, Cedar Waxwing
FAMILY PTILOGONATIDAE
Phainopepla nitens, Phainopepla
FAMILY LANIIDAE
Lanius excubitor, Northern Shrike
Lanius ludovicianus, Loggerhead Shrike
FAMILY STURNIDAE
Sturnus philippensis, Violet-backed Starling
Sturnus cineraceus, Ashy Starling
FAMILY VIREONIDAE

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50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–05 Edition)

Oporornis formosus, Kentucky Warbler
Oporornis agilis, Connecticut Warbler
Oporornis philadelphia, Mourning Warbler
Oporornis tolmiei, MacGillivray’s Warbler
Geothlypis trichas, Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis
poliocephala,
Gray-crowned
Yellowthroat
Wilsonia citrina, Hooded Warbler
Wilsonia pusilla, Wilson’s Warbler
Wilsonia canadensis, Canada Warbler
Cardellina rubrifrons, Red-faced Warbler
Myioborus pictus, Painted Redstart
Myioborus
miniatus,
Slaty-throated
Redstart
Basileuterus culicivorus, Golden-crowned
Warbler
Basileuterus rufifrons, Rufous-capped Warbler
Icteria virens, Yellow-breasted Chat
Peucedramus taeniatus, Olive Warbler
SUBFAMILY THRAUPINAE
Spindalis zena, Stripe-headed Tanager
Neospingus speculiferus, Puerto Rican Tanager
Piranga flava, Hepatic Tanager
Piranga rubra, Summer Tanager
Piranga olivacea, Scarlet Tanager
Piranga ludoviciana, Western Tanager
Euphonia musica, Antillean Euphonia
SUBFAMILY CARDINALINAE
Rhodothraupis celaeno, Crimson-collared
Grosbeak
Cardinalis cardinals, Northern Cardinal
Cardinalis sinuatus, Pyrrhuloxia
Pheucticus chrysopeplus, Yellow Grosbeak
Pheucticus
ludovicianus,
Rose-breasted
Grosbeak
Pheucticus melanocephalus, Black-headed
Grosbeak
Guiraca caerulea, Blue Grosbeak
Passerina amoena, Lazuli Bunting
Passerina cyanea, Indigo Bunting
Passerina versicolor, Varied Bunting
Passerina ciris, Painted Bunting
Spiza americana, Dickcissel
SUBFAMILY EMBERIZINAE
Arremonops rufivirgatus, Olive Sparrow
Pipilo chlorurus, Green-tailed Towhee
Pipilo
erythrophthalmus,
Rufous-sided
Towhee
Pipilo fuscus, Brown Towhee
Pipilo aberti, Abert’s Towhee
Sporophila
torqueola,
White-collared
Seedeater
Tiaris olivacea, Yellow-faced Grassquit
Tiaris bicolor, Black-faced Grassquit
Loxigilla
portoricensis,
Puerto
Rican
Bullfinch
Aimophila aestivalis, Bachman’s Sparrow
Aimophila botterii, Botteri’s Sparrow
Aimophila cassinii, Cassin’s Sparrow
Aimophila carpalis, Rufous-winged Sparrow
Aimophila ruficeps, Rufous-crowned Sparrow
Spizella arborea, American Tree Sparrow

Spizella passerina, Chipping Sparrow
Spizella pallida, Clay-colored Sparrow
Spizella breweri, Brewer’s Sparrow
Spizella pusilla, Field Sparrow
Spizella wortheni, Worthen’s Sparrow
Spizella atrogularis, Black-chinned Sparrow
Pooecetes gramineus, Vesper Sparrow
Chondestes grammacus, Lark Sparrow
Amphispiza bilineata, Black-throated Sparrow
Amphispiza belli, Sage Sparrow
Amphispiza
quinquestriata,
Five-striped
Sparrow
Calamospiza melanocorys, Lark Bunting
Passerculus sandwichensis, Savannah Sparrow
Ammodramus bairdii, Baird’s Sparrow
Ammodramus
savannarum,
Grasshopper
Sparrow
Ammodramus henslowii, Henslow’s Sparrow
Ammodramus leconteii, Le Conte’s Sparrow
Ammodramus
caudacutus,
Sharp-tailed
Sparrow
Ammodramus maritimus, Seaside Sparrow
Passerella iliaca, Fox Sparrow
Melosipza melodia, Song Sparrow
Melospiza lincolnii, Lincoln’s Sparrow
Melospiza georgiana, Swamp Sparrow
Zonotrichia albicollis, White-throated Sparrow
Zonotrichia
atricapilla,
Golden-crowned
Sparrow
Zonotrichia
leucophrys,
White-crowned
Sparrow
Zonotrichia querula, Harris’ Sparrow
Junco hyemalis, Dark-eyed Junco
Junco phaeonotus, Yellow-eyed Junco
Emberiza rustica, Rustic Bunting
Emberiza pallasi, Pallas’ Reed-Bunting
Emberiza schoeniculus, Common Reed-Bunting
Calcarius mccownii, McCown’s Longspur
Calcarius lapponicus, Lapland Longspur
Calcarius pictus, Smith’s Longspur
Calcarius
ornatus,
Chestnut-collared
Longspur
Plectrophenax nivalis, Snow Bunting
Plectrophenax hyperboreus, McKay’s Bunting
SUBFAMILY ICTERINAE
Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Bobolink
Agelaius phoeniceus, Red-winged Blackbird
Agelaius tricolor, Tricolored Blackbird
Agelaius
humeralis,
Tawny-shouldered
Blackbird
Agelaius
xanthomus,
Yellow-shouldered
Blackbird
Sturnella magna, Eastern Meadowlark
Sturnella neglecta, Western Meadowlark
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, Yellowheaded Blackbird
Euphagus carolinus, Rusty Blackbird
Euphagus cyanocephalus, Brewer’s Blackbird
Quiscalus mexicanus, Great-tailed Grackle
Quiscalus major, Boat-tailed Grackle

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Interior

§ 10.22

Quiscalus quiscula, Common Grackle
Quiscalus niger, Greater Antillean Grackle
Molothrus bonariensis, Shiny Cowbird
Molothrus aeneus, Bronzed Cowbird
Molothrus ater, Brown-headed Cowbird
Icterus dominicensis, Black-cowled Oriole
Icterus wagleri, Black-vented Oriole
Icterus spurius, Orchard Oriole
Icterus cucullatus, Hooded Oriole
Icterus pustulatus, Streak-backed Oriole
Icterus gularis, Altamira Oriole
Icterus graduacauda, Audubon’s Oriole
Icterus galbula, Northern Oriole
Icterus parisorum, Scott’s Oriole
FAMILY FRINGILLIDAE
SUBFAMILY FRINGILLINAE
Fringilla montifringilla, Brambling
SUBFAMILY CARDUELINAE
Leucosticte arctoa, Rosy Finch
Pinicola enucleator, Pine Grosbeak
Carpodacus erythrinus, Common Rosefinch
Carpodacus purpureus, Purple Finch
Carpodacus cassinii, Cassin’s Finch
Carpodacus mexicanus, House Finch
Loxia curvirostra, Red Crossbill
Loxia leucoptera, White-winged Crossbill
Carduelis flammea, Common Redpoll
Carduelis hornemanni, Hoary Redpoll
Carduelis pinus, Pine Siskin
Carduelis psaltria, Lesser Goldfinch
Carduelis lawrencei, Lawrence’s Goldfinch
Carduelis tristis, American Goldfinch
Carduelis sinica, Oriental Greenfinch
Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Eurasian Bullfinch
Coccothraustes
vespertinus,
Evening
Grosbeak
Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Hawfinch

fax Drive, Room 700, Arlington, VA
22203. Address mail for the following
permits to the Regional Director. In
the address include one of the following: for import/export licenses and
exception to designated port permits
(Attention: Import/export license); for
native endangered and threatened species (Attention: Endangered/threatened
species permit); and for migratory
birds and eagles (Attention: Migratory
bird permit office). You can find addresses for regional offices at 50 CFR
2.2.
[55 FR 48851, Nov. 23, 1990, as amended at 63
FR 52633, Oct. 1, 1998]

§ 10.22

Law enforcement offices.

Service law enforcement offices and
their areas of responsibility follow.
Mail should be addressed: ‘‘Assistant
Regional Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (appropriate address below)’’:
AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY AND OFFICE
ADDRESSES
California, Hawaii, Idaho. Nevada, Oregon,
Washington, American Samoa, Guam,
the Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana
Islands, and the Trust Territory of the
Pacific Islands (District 1):
Eastside Federal Complex, 911 N.E. 11th.
Avenue, Portland, OR 97232–4181, Telephone: 503–231–6125.
Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas
(District 2):
P.O. Box 329, Albuquerque, NM 87103, Telephone: 505–766–2091
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,
Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin (District
3):
P.O.
Box
45—Federal
Building,
Ft.
Snelling, Twin Cities, MN 55111, Telephone: 612–725–3530.
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands (District 4):
P.O. Box 4839, Atlanta, GA 30302, Telephone: 404–331–5872
Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia,
Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont,
Virginia, and West Virginia (District 5):
P.O. Box 129, New Town Branch, Boston,
MA 02258, Telephone: 617–965–2298
Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming (District 6):

[50 FR 13710, Apr. 5, 1985]

Subpart C—Addresses
§ 10.21 Director.
(a) Mail forwarded to the Director for
law enforcement purposes should be addressed: Chief, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 3247, Arlington, VA 22203–
3247.
(b) Mail sent to the Director regarding permits for the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Fauna
(CITES), injurious wildlife, Wild Bird
Conservation Act species, international
movement of all ESA-listed endangered
or threatened species, and scientific research on, exhibition of, or interstate
commerce in nonnative ESA-listed endangered and threatened species should
be addressed to: Director, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, (Attention: Office of
Management Authority), 4401 N. Fair-

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Pt. 11

50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–05 Edition)

P.O. Box 25486, Denver Federal Center,
Denver, CO 80225, Telephone: 303–236–7540
Alaska (District 7):
P.O. Box 92597, Anchorage, AK 99509–2597,
Telephone: 907–786–3311
Any foreign country (Washington Office):
P.O. Box 3247, Arlington, VA 22203–3247,
Telephone: 703–358–1949.

certain laws and regulations enforced
by the Service.
§ 11.2 Scope of regulations.
The regulations contained in this
part apply only to actions arising
under the following laws and regulations issued thereunder:

(Pub. L. 97–79, 95 Stat. 1072; 16 U.S.C. 3371–
3378)

Lacey Act, 18 U.S.C. 43;
Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371
et seq.;
Bald Eagle Protection Act, 16 U.S.C. 668–668d;
Endangered Species Act of 1973, 87 Stat. 884,
16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; and Marine Mammal
Protection Act of 1972, 16 U.S.C. 1361–1384
and 1401–1407.

[48 FR 1313, Jan. 12, 1983; 48 FR 37040, Aug. 16,
1983, as amended at 49 FR 31291, Aug. 6, 1984;
51 FR 23551, June 30, 1986; 53 FR 6649, Mar. 2,
1988; 55 FR 48851, Nov. 23, 1990]

PART 11—CIVIL PROCEDURES

[47 FR 56860, Dec. 21, 1982]

Subpart A—Introduction

§ 11.3 Filing of documents.
(a) Whenever a document or other
paper is required to be filed under this
part within a certain time, such document or paper will be considered filed
as of the date of the postmark if
mailed, or the date actually delivered
to the office where filing is required.
The time periods set forth in this part
shall begin to run as of the day following the date of the document or
other paper.
(b) If an oral or written application is
made to the Director up to 10 calendar
days after the expiration of a time period established in this part for the required filing of documents or other papers, the Director may permit a late
filing within a fixed period where reasonable grounds are found for an inability or failure to file within the
time period required. All such extensions shall be in writing. Except as provided in this subsection, no other requests for an extension of time may be
granted.

Sec.
11.1 Purpose of regulations.
11.2 Scope of regulations.
11.3 Filing of documents.

Subpart B—Assessment Procedure
11.11 Notice of violation.
11.12 Petition for relief.
11.13 Decision by the Director.
11.14 Notice of assessment.
11.15 Request for a hearing.
11.16 Final administrative decision.
11.17 Payment of final assessment.

Subpart C—Hearing and Appeal
Procedures
11.21 Commencement of hearing procedures.
11.22 Appearance and practice.
11.23 Hearings.
11.24 Final administrative action.
11.25 Appeal.
11.26 Reporting service.
AUTHORITY: Lacey Act, 83 Stat. 279–281, 18
U.S.C. 42–44; Lacey Act Amendments of 1981,
95 Stat. 1073–1080, 16 U.S.C. 3371 et seq.; Bald
Eagle Protection Act, sec. 2, 54 Stat. 251, 16
U.S.C. 668a; Endangered Species Act of 1973,
sec. 11(f), 87 Stat. 884, 16 U.S.C. 1540(f); Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, sec.
112(a), 86 Stat. 1042, 16 U.S.C. 1382.

Subpart B—Assessment Procedure
§ 11.11 Notice of violation.
(a) A notice of violation (hereinafter
‘‘notice’’), shall be issued by the Director and served personally or by registered or certified mail, return receipt
requested, upon the person believed to
be subject to a civil penalty (the respondent). The notice shall contain: (1)
A concise statement of the facts believed to show a violation, (2) a specific
reference to the provisions of the statute or regulation allegedly violated,

SOURCE: 39 FR 1159, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.
EDITORIAL NOTE: Nomenclature changes to
part 11 appear at 67 FR 38208, June 3, 2002.

Subpart A—Introduction
§ 11.1 Purpose of regulations.
The regulations contained in this
part provide uniform rules and procedures for the assessment of civil penalties in connection with violations of

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Sfmt 8010

Y:\SGML\205216.XXX

205216