NERC Implementation PLAN BAL-005

Exhibit D
Implementation Plan for Proposed BAL-005-1

Implementation Plan
Project 2010-14.2.1 Balancing Authority Reliability-based Controls
Reliability Standard BAL-005-1
R equested Approval
•

BAL-005-1 – Balancing Authority Controls

Requested Retirement
•

BAL-005-0.2b – Automatic Generation Control

•

BAL-006-2 – Inadvertent Interchange - Requirement R3

Prerequisite Approval
•

FAC-001-3 – Facility Interconnection Requirements

Revisions to Glossary Terms
The following definitions shall become effective when BAL-005-1 becomes effective:
Actual Frequency (F A ): The Interconnection frequency measured in Hertz (Hz).
Actual Net Interchange (NI A ): The algebraic sum of actual megawatt transfers
across all Tie Lines, including Pseudo‐Ties, to and from all Adjacent Balancing Authority
areas within the same Interconnection. Actual megawatt transfers on asynchronous DC
tie lines that are directly connected to another Interconnection are excluded from Actual
Net Interchange.
Scheduled Net Interchange (NI S ): The algebraic sum of all scheduled megawatt
transfers, including Dynamic Schedules, to and from all Adjacent Balancing Authority
areas within the same Interconnection, including the effect of scheduled ramps.
Scheduled megawatt transfers on asynchronous DC tie lines directly connected to
another Interconnection are excluded from Scheduled Net Interchange.

Interchange Meter Error (I ME ): A term used in the Reporting ACE calculation to
compensate for data or equipment errors affecting any other components of the
Reporting ACE calculation.
Automatic Time Error Correction (I ATEC ): The addition of a component to the ACE
equation for the Western Interconnection that modifies the control point for the
purpose of continuously paying back Primary Inadvertent Interchange to correct
accumulated time error. Automatic Time Error Correction is only applicable in the
Western Interconnection.
I𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 =

𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐⁄𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑

PII𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂
(𝟏𝟏−𝒀𝒀)∗𝑯𝑯

when operating in Automatic Time Error Correction Mode.

The absolute value of I ATEC shall not exceed L max .
I ATEC shall be zero when operating in any other AGC mode.
• L max is the maximum value allowed for I ATEC set by each BA between 0.2*|B i | and
L 10 , 0.2*|B i |≤ L max ≤ L 10 .
•

•

•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•

L 10 = 1.65 ∗ ε10 �(−10Bi )(−10BS ) .

ε10 is a constant derived from the targeted frequency bound. It is the targeted rootmean-square (RMS) value of ten-minute average frequency error based on
frequency performance over a given year. The bound, ε 10 , is the same for every
Balancing Authority Area within an Interconnection.
Y = Bi / BS.
H = Number of hours used to payback primary inadvertent interchange energy. The
value of H is set to 3.
B i = Frequency Bias Setting for the Balancing Authority Area (MW / 0.1 Hz).
B S = Sum of the minimum Frequency Bias Settings for the Interconnection (MW /
0.1 Hz).
Primary Inadvertent Interchange (PII hourly ) is (1-Y) * (II actual - B i * ΔTE/6)
II actual is the hourly Inadvertent Interchange for the last hour.
ΔTE is the hourly change in system Time Error as distributed by the Interconnection
time monitor,where: ΔTE = TE end hour – TE begin hour – TD adj – (t)*(TE offset )
TD adj is the Reliability Coordinator adjustment for differences with Interconnection
time monitor control center clocks.
t is the number of minutes of manual Time Error Correction that occurred during the
hour.
TE offset is 0.000 or +0.020 or -0.020.
PII accum is the Balancing Authority Area’s accumulated PII hourly in MWh. An On-Peak
and Off-Peak accumulation accounting is required,
where:

BAL-005-1 – Balancing Authority Control

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𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐⁄𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑

PII𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂

𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐⁄𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑

= 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒅𝒅′ 𝒔𝒔 PII𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂

+ PII𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉

Reporting ACE: The scan rate values of a Balancing Authority Area’s (BAA) Area
Control Error (ACE) measured in MW includes the difference between the Balancing
Authority Area’s Actual Net Interchange and its Scheduled Net Interchange, plus its
Frequency Bias Setting obligation, plus correction for any known meter error. In the
Western Interconnection, Reporting ACE includes Automatic Time Error Correction
(ATEC).
Reporting ACE is calculated as follows:
Reporting ACE = (NI A − NI S ) − 10B (F A − F S ) – I ME
Reporting ACE is calculated in the Western Interconnection as follows:
Reporting ACE = (NI A − NI S ) − 10B (F A − F S ) – I ME + I ATEC
Where:
• NI A

=

Actual Net Interchange.

•

NI S

=

Scheduled Net Interchange.

•

B

=

Frequency Bias Setting.

•

FA

=

Actual Frequency.

•

FS

=

Scheduled Frequency.

•

I ME

=

Interchange Meter Error.

•

I ATEC

=

Automatic Time Error Correction.

All NERC Interconnections operate using the principles of Tie-line Bias (TLB)
Control and require the use of an ACE equation similar to the Reporting ACE
defined above. Any modification(s) to this specified Reporting ACE equation that
is(are) implemented for all BAAs on an Interconnection and is(are) consistent with
the following four principles of Tie Line Bias control will provide a valid alternative
to this Reporting ACE equation:
1. All portions of the Interconnection are included in exactly one BAA so that the
sum of all BAAs’ generation, load, and loss is the same as total Interconnection
generation, load, and loss;
2. The algebraic sum of all BAAs’ Scheduled Net Interchange is equal to zero at all
times and the sum of all BAAs’ Actual Net Interchange values is equal to zero at
all times;
3. The use of a common Scheduled Frequency F S for all BAAs at all times; and,

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4. Excludes metering or computational errors. (The inclusion and use of the I ME
term corrects for known metering or computational errors.)
Automatic Generation Control (AGC): A process designed and used to adjust a
Balancing Authority Areas’ Demand and resources to help maintain the Reporting ACE in
that of a Balancing Authority Area within the bounds required by applicable NERC
Reliability Standards.
Pseudo-Tie: A time-varying energy transfer that is updated in Real-time and included in the
Actual Net Interchange term (NIA) in the same manner as a Tie Line in the affected Balancing
Authorities’ Reporting ACE equation (or alternate control processes).
Balancing Authority: The responsible entity that integrates resource plans ahead of time,
maintains Demand and resource balance within a Balancing Authority Area, and supports
Interconnection frequency in real time.

Applicable Entities
•

Balancing Authority

Applicable Facilities
•

N/A

Background
Reliability Standard BAL-005-1 addresses Balancing Authority Reliability-based Controls and
establishes requirements for acquiring data necessary to calculate Reporting Area Control Error
(Reporting ACE). Reliability Standard BAL-005-1 (Balancing Authority Controls) and associated
Implementation Plan was developed in conjunction with FAC-001-3 to ensure that entities with
facilities and Load operating in an Interconnection are within a Balancing Authority Area’s
metered boundaries. This coordination will allow for the collection of data necessary to calculate
Reporting Area Control Error (Reporting ACE) to achieve the best results under BAL-005-1.
General Considerations

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To guarantee proper coordination as intended by the standard drafting team for Project 201014.2.1, FAC-001-3 will be implemented immediately after BAL-005-1 becomes effective as
reflected in the Implementation Plan for FAC-001-3, and BAL-006-2 Requirement R3 will be
retired concurrently with the effective date for BAL-005-1 . Finally, to ensure proper
coordination with BAL-001-2, approved by the Commission in Order No. 810 issued on April
16, 2015, the following definitions associated with BAL-005-1 will be implemented concurrently
with the effective date for BAL-001-2:
•

Reporting ACE

•

Actual Frequency

•

Actual Net Interchange

•

Scheduled Net Interchange

•

Interchange Meter Error

•

Automatic Time Error Correction

Effective Dates
Definitions
The definitions of the following terms shall become effective immediately after the
effective date of BAL-001-2 1:
•

Reporting ACE

•

Actual Frequency

•

Actual Net Interchange

•

Scheduled Net Interchange

•

Interchange Meter Error

•

Automatic Time Error Correction

BAL-005-1
Where approval by an applicable governmental authority is required, BAL-005-1 and
associated definitions, except the definitions enumerated in the section directly above,
shall become effective on the first day of the first calendar quarter that is twelve months
Because the definition of “Reporting ACE” associated with BAL-005-1 will become effective immediately after the
effective date of BAL-001-2, the definition of “Reporting ACE” that was approved by the Commission on April 16,
2015 in Order No. 810 (151 FERC ¶ 61,048) will never go into effect.

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BAL-005-1 – Balancing Authority Control

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after the effective date of the applicable governmental authorities order approving the
standard, or as otherwise provided for by the applicable governmental authority.
Where approval by an applicable governmental authority is not required, BAL-005-1 and
associated definitions, except the definitions enumerated in the section directly above,
shall become effective on the first day of the first calendar quarter that is twelve months
after the date the standard is adopted by the NERC Board of Trustees’, or as otherwise
provided for in that jurisdiction.
Retirements
BAL-005-0.2b (Automatic Generation Control) shall be retired immediately prior to the
Effective Date of BAL-005-1 (Balancing Authority Controls) in the particular jurisdiction in
which the revised standard is becoming effective.
BAL-006-2 (Inadvertent Interchange) Requirement R3 shall be retired immediately prior to the
Effective Date of BAL-005-1 (Balancing Authority Controls) in the particular jurisdiction in
which the revised standard is becoming effective.
The existing definitions of Automatic Generation Control, Pseudo Tie and Balancing Authority
shall be retired at midnight of the day immediately prior to the effective date of BAL-005-1, in
the jurisdiction in which the new standard is becoming effective.
The existing definitions of Reporting ACE, Actual Frequency, Actual Net Interchange,
Scheduled Net Interchange, Interchange Meter Error, and Automatic Time Error Correction
shall be retired immediately after the effective date of BAL-001-2. 2

Note that the definition of Reporting ACE that was approved by the Commission in Order No. 810, which will
replace the existing definition of Reporting ACE, will be retired immediately prior to the effective date for the
revised definition of Reporting ACE, as described above. As such, the definition of Reporting ACE approved by the
Commission in Order No. 810 will never go into effect.

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