OMB Memo

Generic Information Collection Request:
Cognitive testing for the 2019 Annual Business Survey
Request: The Census Bureau plans to conduct additional research under the generic clearance
for questionnaire pretesting research (OMB number 0607-0725). The Census Bureau plans to
conduct pretesting activities for the 2019 Annual Business Survey (ABS).
The ABS is conducted annually as a supplement to the economic census collected by the Census
Bureau and sponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES)
within the National Science Foundation (NSF).
The ABS provides a detailed, regularly collected source of data on the status, nature, and scope
of women-, minority-, and veteran-owned businesses. The ABS provides estimates for the
number of employer firms, sales and receipts, annual payroll, and employment by owners’
gender, ethnicity, race, and veteran status. The ABS also provides information on research and
development activity and cost for businesses with 1-9 employees and includes survey questions
to measure business innovation in firms of all sizes. For the 2019 ABS, estimates will be
available for the U.S., states, and select metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Among other uses,
the Small Business Administration (SBA) and the Minority Business Development Agency
(MBDA) use results from the ABS to assess business assistance needs and allocate available
program resources. Data collected on research and development and innovation may be used to
compare R&D costs across industries, determine where R&D activity is conducted
geographically, and identify the types of businesses with R&D, to contribute to the Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) system of national accounts; to increase investments in research and
development, strengthen education, and encourage entrepreneurship; and to compare US
business innovation with innovation in other countries, including those in the European Union.
The ABS is collected via a self-administered questionnaire using the Census Bureau’s online
survey reporting system. Respondents are mailed a letter informing them of the requirement to
complete the survey and providing them with access information. Paper forms are not available,
but respondents can download a PDF worksheet containing the survey questions and
instructions. For more information regarding ABS: https://www.census.gov/programssurveys/abs.html
Purpose: The ABS asks questions about the business owner(s) as well as various characteristics
about the business. The 2019 ABS cognitive testing will include new questions in the
globalization module. The types of questions in the globalization module are listed below:
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•
•
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Type of Exporting Activity
Type of Importing Activity
Type and Sources of Business Activity
Intellectual Property Transactions
Transactions Involving Manufacturing Activities

The results from the cognitive testing will be recorded and a report produced that outlines the
findings of the pretest and recommendations for improvement to the questions.

Population of Interest: Sample members from the 2017 ABS. Businesses should be
representative of all sized businesses (in particular small and medium) and cover a variety of
industries.
Timeline: Testing will be conducted from June through September 2019.
Language: Testing will be conducted in English only.
Method: We will conduct two rounds of cognitive interviews with up to 40 respondents total in
order to evaluate and refine the new and revised questions. During the interviews, respondents
will answer self-administered paper questionnaires (see Attachment B). We will use concurrent
and retrospective probes (see Attachment A) to assess respondents’ understanding of the
questions and the flow of the questionnaire.
Travel is required for the cognitive interviews. Locations are yet to be determined, but will be
based on the concentration and availability of our target population of interest. Interviews will be
conducted by researchers from the Data Collection Methodology and Research Branch. Staff
from the NCSES and the Census Bureau’s Center for Economic Studies (CES) and/or Economic
Reimbursables Division may observe if available.
Sample: We plan to conduct a maximum of 40 interviews. We plan to conduct interviews with
a variety of sizes and types (i.e., industries) of businesses. This number of interviews was
selected because it is a manageable number of interviews for the time period allotted, it should
adequately cover target companies, and should be large enough to provide reactions to the
questions in order to identify meaningful findings. We will be targeting companies that can help
evaluate the questions on the new globalization module.
Recruitment: Participants will be recruited using a list of respondents from the 2017 ABS. All
past respondents are eligible, but we will try to recruit some respondents that have previously
reported having intellectual property, are foreign owned, have purchased foreign R&D services,
or have foreign customers (see Attachment D). Once interviews are scheduled, researchers will
send participants a confirmation email. Before beginning the interviews, we will inform
participants that their response is voluntary and that the information they provide is confidential
under Title 13. The interviews may be audio recorded (with consent; see Attachment C), to
facilitate summarization.
Protocol: A copy of a draft interview protocol and a draft questionnaire for testing purposes are
enclosed. Cognitive interviews will be conducted in person. Participants will be asked to
complete the draft ABS Globalization Module questions. We anticipate all sessions will take 60
minutes to complete, and only one participant will be intereviewed at a time.
Use of incentive: Monetary incentives for participation will not be offered.

Enclosures: All materials have been reviewed and approved by NCSES (see Attachment E).
Below is a list of materials to be used in the current study:
Attachment A:
Attachment B:
Attachment C:
Attachment D:
Attachment E:

Protocol used to outline how the research study will be conducted
Draft ABS Globalization Module questions for evaluation
Consent form
Cognitive Interview Recruiting Script
NCSES Approval email

Length of interview: For cognitive interviews, we expect that each interview will last no more
than 60 minutes (40 cases x 60 minutes per case = 40 hours). Additionally, to recruit
respondents we expect to make up to 5 phone contacts per completed case. The recruiting calls
are expected to last on average 3 minutes per call (5 attempts per phone call per completed case x
40 cases x 3 minutes per case = 10 hours). Thus, the estimated burden is 50 hours (40 hours for
interviews + 10 hours for recruiting).
Contact: The contact person for questions regarding data collection and statistical aspects of the
design of this research is listed below:
Krysten Mesner
Data Collection Methodology and Research Branch
U.S. Census Bureau
Washington, D.C. 20233
(301) 763-9852
Krysten.Mesner@census.gov

cc.:
Nick Orsini
John Jankowski
Audrey Kindlon
Rebecca Morrison
Kevin Deardorf
Aneta Erdie
Patrice Norman
Carol Caldwell
Xi Jian Liu
Diane Willimack
Amy Anderson Riemer
Jennifer Hunter Childs
Jasmine Luck
Danielle Norman
Mary Lenaiyasa

(ADEP) with enclosures
(NSF) with enclosures
(NSF) with enclosures
(NSF) with enclosures
(ERD) with enclosures
(ERD) with enclosures
(ERD) with enclosures
(ESMD) with enclosures
(ESMD) with enclosures
(ESMD) with enclosures
(ESMD) with enclosures
(ADRM) with enclosures
(ADRM) with enclosures
(PCO) with enclosures
(PCO) with enclosures