NERC Petition

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BEFORE THE
FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION

North American Electric Reliability
Corporation

)
)

Docket No. _______

PETITION OF THE
NORTH AMERICAN ELECTRIC RELIABILITY CORPORATION
FOR APPROVAL OF PROPOSED RELIABILITY STANDARDS FOR INTERCHANGE
SCHEDULING AND COORDINATION

Gerald W. Cauley
President and Chief Executive Officer
North American Electric Reliability
Corporation
3353 Peachtree Road, N.E.
Suite 600, North Tower
Atlanta, GA 30326
(404) 446-2560
(404) 446-2595 – facsimile

Charles A. Berardesco
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Holly A. Hawkins
Assistant General Counsel
Stacey Tyrewala
Senior Counsel
North American Electric Reliability
Corporation
1325 G Street, N.W., Suite 600
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 400-3000
(202) 644-8099 – facsimile
charlie.berardesco@nerc.net
holly.hawkins@nerc.net
stacey.tyrewala@nerc.net
Counsel for the North American Electric
Reliability Corporation

February 27, 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 3
A.

Proposed Reliability Standards ........................................................................................ 3

B.

Proposed Definitions ........................................................................................................ 4

C.

Technical Background: Interchange Transactions .......................................................... 5

II.

1.

Parties Involved in Interchange Transactions ............................................................... 5

2.

Mechanics of an Interchange Transaction .................................................................... 6

3.

Dynamic Interchange Schedules and Pseudo-Ties ....................................................... 8

NOTICES AND COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................ 9

III. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 9
A.

Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................................... 9

B.

NERC Reliability Standards Development Procedure ................................................... 10

IV. JUSTIFICATION FOR APPROVAL OF PROPOSED RELIABILITY STANDARDS .... 11
A.

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-004-3– Dynamic Transfers .................................... 11
1.

Procedural History ...................................................................................................... 12

2.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification ................................................................ 12
Proposed Reliability Standard INT-006-4 – Evaluation of Interchange Transactions... 14

B.
1.

Procedural History ...................................................................................................... 14

2.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification ................................................................ 14

C.

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-009-2– Implementation of Interchange ................. 17
1.

Procedural History ...................................................................................................... 17

2.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification ................................................................ 18
Proposed Reliability Standard INT-010-2 – Interchange Initiation and ............................

D.

Modification for Reliability ........................................................................................... 19
1.

Procedural History ...................................................................................................... 19

2.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification ................................................................ 20
Proposed Reliability Standard INT-011-1 – Intra-Balancing Authority ............................

E.

Transaction Identification .............................................................................................. 21
1.
V.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification ................................................................ 21

JUSTIFICATION FOR PROPOSED RETIREMENT OF RELIABILITY STANDARDS 22
A.

Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-001-3 – Interchange............................
Information .................................................................................................................... 23
i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.

Procedural History ...................................................................................................... 23

2.

Retirement Justification .............................................................................................. 23
Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-003-3 – Interchange............................

B.

Transaction Implementation ........................................................................................... 24
1.

Procedural History ...................................................................................................... 24

2.

Retirement Justification .............................................................................................. 24
Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-005-3 – Interchange............................

C.

Authority Distributes Arranged Interchange ................................................................ 255
1.

Procedural History .................................................................................................... 255

2.

Retirement Justification ............................................................................................ 266

D.

Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-007-1– Interchange.............................
Confirmation .................................................................................................................. 26
1.

Procedural History ...................................................................................................... 26

2.

Retirement Justification .............................................................................................. 27

E.

Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-008-3—Interchange............................
Authority Distributes Status........................................................................................... 27
1.

Procedural History .................................................................................................... 288

2.

Retirement Justification ............................................................................................ 288

VI. JUSTIFICATION FOR PROPOSED DEFINITIONS ......................................................... 29
A.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Adjacent Balancing Authority”................................. 29

B.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Arranged Interchange” .............................................. 29

C.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Confirmed Interchange”............................................ 30

D.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Dynamic Interchange Schedule or Dynamic ................
Schedule” ....................................................................................................................... 30

E.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Intermediate Balancing Authority” ........................... 30

F.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Operational Planning Analysis” .............................. 311

G.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Pseudo-Tie”............................................................. 322

H.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Request for Interchange” ........................................ 333

I.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Sink Balancing Authority” ...................................... 333

J.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Source Balancing Authority” .................................... 33

K.

Proposed Newly Defined Term “Attaining Balancing Authority” .............................. 344

L.

Proposed Newly Defined Term “Composite Confirmed Interchange” ........................ 344
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
M.

Proposed Newly Defined Term “Native Balancing Authority” ................................... 355

N.

Proposed Newly Defined Term “Reliability Adjustment Arranged ..................................
Interchange” ................................................................................................................. 355

O.

Enforceability of the Proposed Reliability Standards .................................................... 35

VII. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 377

Exhibit A

Proposed Reliability Standards and Definitions

Exhibit B

Implementation Plan for Proposed Reliability Standards and Definitions

Exhibit C

Order No. 672 Criteria for Proposed Reliability Standards and Definitions

Exhibit D

Mapping Document

Exhibit E

White Paper on Order No. 693 Directive, Paragraph 866

Exhibit F

Analysis of Proposed Definitions

Exhibit G

Analysis of Violation Risk Factors and Violation Security Levels

Exhibit H

Summary of Development History and Complete Record of Development

Exhibit I

Standard Drafting Team Roster for Project 2008-12

iii

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BEFORE THE
FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION

North American Electric Reliability
Corporation

)
)

Docket No. _______

PETITION OF THE
NORTH AMERICAN ELECTRIC RELIABILITY CORPORATION
FOR APPROVAL OF PROPOSED RELIABILITY STANDARDS FOR INTERCHANGE
SCHEDULING AND COORDINATION
Pursuant to Section 215(d)(1) of the Federal Power Act (“FPA”)1 and Section 39.52 of the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s (“FERC” or “Commission”) regulations, the North
American Electric Reliability Corporation (“NERC”)3 hereby submits the following five
proposed Reliability Standards for Commission approval:


INT-004-3 – Dynamic Transfers;



INT-006-4 – Evaluation of Interchange Transactions;



INT-009-2 – Implementation of Interchange;



INT-010-2 – Interchange Initiation and Modification for Reliability; and



INT-011-1 – Intra-Balancing Authority Transaction Identification.

As explained below, NERC proposes to retire five currently-effective Reliability Standards
and proposes ten revised definitions and four new definitions for inclusion in the Glossary of
Terms Used in NERC Reliability Standards.4 The Interchange Scheduling and Coordination

1

16 U.S.C. § 824o (2006).
18 C.F.R. § 39.5 (2013).
3
The Commission certified NERC as the electric reliability organization (“ERO”) in accordance with
Section 215 of the FPA on July 20, 2006. N. Am. Elec. Reliability Corp., 116 FERC ¶ 61,062 (2006).
4
Available at: http://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Glossary%20of%20Terms/Glossary_of_Terms.pdf. (“NERC
Glossary”).
2

1

(“INT”) group of Reliability Standards addresses interchange transactions, which occur when
electricity is transmitted from a seller to a buyer across the power grid.
NERC requests that the Commission approve the proposed Reliability Standards and
definitions (Exhibit A) and find that the proposed Reliability Standards and definitions are just,
reasonable, not unduly discriminatory or preferential, and in the public interest.5 NERC also
requests approval of the associated implementation plan (Exhibit B), Violation Risk Factors
(“VRFs”) and Violation Severity Levels (“VSLs”) (Exhibit G), and retirement of the currently
effective Reliability Standards and definitions as detailed in this petition.
As required by Section 39.5(a)6 of the Commission’s regulations, this petition presents
the technical basis and purpose of the proposed Reliability Standards, a summary of the
development history (Exhibit H), and a demonstration that the proposed Reliability Standards
meet the criteria identified by the Commission in Order No. 6727 (Exhibit C). The proposed
Reliability Standards and definitions were approved by the NERC Board of Trustees on February
6, 2014.

5

Unless otherwise designated, all capitalized terms shall have the meaning set forth in the Glossary of Terms
Used in NERC Reliability Standards, available at http://www.nerc.com/files/Glossary_of_Terms.pdf.
6
18 C.F.R. § 39.5(a) (2013).
7
The Commission specified in Order No. 672 certain general factors it would consider when assessing
whether a particular Reliability Standard is just and reasonable. See Rules Concerning Certification of the Electric
Reliability Organization; and Procedures for the Establishment, Approval, and Enforcement of Electric Reliability
Standards, Order No. 672, FERC Stats. & Regs. ¶ 31,204, at P 262, 321-37, order on reh’g, Order No. 672-A,
FERC Stats. & Regs. ¶ 31,212 (2006).

2

I.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Interchange refers to energy transfers that cross Balancing Authority boundaries. 8 The

proposed Reliability Standards improve reliability by making transactions more apparent for
reliability assessments and by clarifying which functional entities perform Interchange Authority
tasks. Collectively, the proposed five Reliability Standards also consolidate this body of
standards. The currently enforceable set of Interchange Scheduling and Coordination Reliability
Standards consists of nine Reliability Standards with thirteen requirements. NERC is proposing
to revise four of the currently-effective Reliability Standards and is proposing one new
Reliability Standard, INT-011-1 – Intra-Balancing Authority Transaction Identification, resulting
in a set of five proposed Reliability Standards consisting of fourteen requirements.9
A.

Proposed Reliability Standards

NERC proposes the following five Reliability Standards for approval:10
Proposed Reliability Standards


INT-004-3 – Dynamic Transfers;



INT-006-4 – Evaluation of Interchange Transactions;



INT-009-2 – Implementation of Interchange;



INT-010-2 – Interchange Initiation and Modification for Reliability; and



INT-011-1 – Intra-Balancing Authority Transaction Identification.

8

See NERC Glossary, available at:
http://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Glossary%20of%20Terms/Glossary_of_Terms.pdf.
9
These revisions and retirements are supported by the recommendation of the Independent Expert Review
Panel to retire 85% of the requirements in the Interchange Scheduling and Coordination body of Reliability
Standards. Available at:
http://www.nerc.com/pa/Stand/Standards%20Development%20Plan%20Library/Standards_Independent_Experts_R
eview_Project_Report.pdf.
10
The currently-effective versions of these Reliability Standards would be retired upon Commission approval
of the proposed Reliability Standards (INT-004-2; INT-006-3; INT-009-1; INT-010-1).

3

NERC proposes to retire the following five currently-effective Reliability Standards in entirety:
Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standards


INT-001-3 – Interchange Information;



INT-003-3 – Interchange Transaction Implementation;



INT-005-3 – Interchange Authority Distributes Arranged Interchange;



INT-007-1– Interchange Confirmation; and



INT-008-3—Interchange Authority Distributes Status.

B.

Proposed Definitions

NERC submits accompanying proposed revisions to ten definitions in the NERC Glossary of
Terms and proposes four new definitions, as follows:
Proposed Revised Definitions:
 Adjacent Balancing Authority

 Operational Planning Analysis

 Arranged Interchange

 Pseudo-Tie

 Confirmed Interchange

 Request for Interchange

 Dynamic Interchange Schedule or
Dynamic Schedule

 Sink Balancing Authority

 Intermediate Balancing Authority

 Source Balancing Authority

Proposed New Definitions:
 Attaining Balancing Authority

 Native Balancing Authority

 Composite Confirmed Interchange

 Reliability Adjustment Arranged
Interchange

The proposed revisions to the defined terms “Adjacent Balancing Authority,”
“Intermediate Balancing Authority,” “Sink Balancing Authority,” “Source Balancing Authority,”
4

and the proposed new definitions of “Attaining Balancing Authority” and “Native Balancing
Authority” are necessary to define the various Balancing Authorities involved in the
implementation of Interchange and their relationships with respect to Interchange. Each of the
proposed revised and new definitions is explained below in greater detail.
C.

Technical Background: Interchange Transactions

An Interchange Transaction refers to an agreement to transfer energy from a seller to a
buyer that crosses one or more Balancing Authority Area boundaries. Provided below is an
overview of the parties involved in Interchange Transactions and the mechanics of those
transactions.
1.

Parties Involved in Interchange Transactions

An Interchange Transaction begins with a Request for Interchange, which is a collection
of data for the purpose of implementing an energy transfer between one or more Balancing
Authorities. The “Source Balancing Authority” is the Balancing Authority in which the
generation (or source) is located. The “Sink Balancing Authority” is the Balancing Authority in
which the load (or sink) is located. If there is another Balancing Authority on the scheduling
path of an Interchange Transaction, it is known as an “Intermediate Balancing Authority.”
For Dynamic Transfers,11 NERC proposes to define the terms “Attaining Balancing
Authority” and “Native Balancing Authority.” The Attaining Balancing Authority is the
“Balancing Authority bringing generation or load into its effective control boundaries through a
Dynamic Transfer from the Native Balancing Authority.” The Native Balancing Authority is the
“Balancing Authority from which a portion of its physically interconnected generation and/or

A “Dynamic Transfer” is defined in the NERC Glossary as the “provision of the real-time monitoring,
telemetering, computer software, hardware, communications, engineering, energy accounting (including inadvertent
interchange), and administration required to electronically move all or a portion of the real energy services
associated with a generator or load out of one Balancing Authority Area into another.”
11

5

load is transferred from its effective control boundaries to the Attaining Balancing Authority
through a Dynamic Transfer.”
The Interchange Authority is the responsible entity that authorizes implementation of
valid and balanced Interchange Schedules between Balancing Authority Areas, and ensures
communication of Interchange information for reliability assessment purposes.
2.

Mechanics of an Interchange Transaction

An Interchange Schedule is the method by which the Source and Sink Balancing
Authorities agree upon the Interchange Transaction size (measured in megawatts), the start and
end time, beginning and ending ramp times and rate, and type required for delivery and receipt of
the power and energy. Net Scheduled Interchange is the algebraic sum of all Interchange
Schedules across a given path or between Balancing Authorities for a given period or instant in
time. An Interchange Transaction Tag or Tag is an electronic tag that contains all of the
transaction information and is used to populate the Interchange Distribution Calculator which
identifies transactions that are impacting Flowgates.12 Communication, submission, assessment
and approval of a Tag must be completed for reliability consideration before implementation of
the transaction. The Distribution Factor is the portion of an Interchange Transaction that flows
across a transmission facility (Flowgate).
Arranged Interchange is the state where a Request for Interchange (initial or revised) has
been submitted for approval. Confirmed Interchange is the state where no party has denied and
all required parties have approved the Arranged Interchange. Implemented Interchange is the
state where the Balancing Authority enters the Confirmed Interchange into its Area Control Error

A “Flowgate” is defined in the NERC Glossary as: “1.) A portion of the Transmission system through
which the Interchange Distribution Calculator calculates the power flow from Interchange Transactions. 2.) A
mathematical construct, comprised of one or more monitored transmission Facilities and optionally one or more
contingency Facilities, used to analyze the impact of power flows upon the Bulk Electric System.”
12

6

equation.13 The proposed definition of “Composite Confirmed Interchange” is “[t]he energy
profile (including non-default ramp) throughout a given time period, based on the aggregate of
all Confirmed Interchange occurring in that time period.”
Net Actual Interchange is the algebraic sum of all metered interchange over all
interconnections between two physically Adjacent Balancing Authority Areas. Inadvertent
Interchange is the difference between the Balancing Authority’s Net Actual Interchange and Net
Scheduled Interchange.
The proposed definition of “Reliability Adjustment Arranged Interchange” is a request to
modify a Confirmed Interchange or Implemented Interchange for reliability purposes.
Provided below is Figure A, which depicts the typical reliability-related steps in
coordinating Interchange and is provided for informational purposes.

Area Control Error or “ACE” is the instantaneous difference between a Balancing Authority’s net actual
and scheduled interchange, taking into account the effects of Frequency Bias and correction for meter error.
13

7

The North American Energy Standards Board (“NAESB”) has several Coordinate
Interchange Business Practice Standards that establish the Interchange Transaction requirements
for coordination of commercial arrangements and that complement the NERC Reliability
Standards.
3.

Dynamic Interchange Schedules and Pseudo-Ties

A Dynamic Schedule is implemented as an Interchange Transaction that is modified in
real-time to transfer time-varying amounts of power between Balancing Authorities.
Dynamic Schedules are commonly used for scheduling jointly-owned generation to or from
another Balancing Authority Area. The proposed revisions to the term “Dynamic Interchange
Schedule or Dynamic Schedule” clarify that a Dynamic Schedule is updated in Real-time and is
included in the Scheduled Net Interchange term in the affected Balancing Authorities’ control
ACE equations (or alternative control processes).
Pseudo-Ties are often employed to assign generators, loads, or both from the Balancing
Authority to which they are physically connected into a Balancing Authority that has effective
operational control of them. Thus, Pseudo-Ties often provide for change of Balancing Authority
operational responsibility from the native to the Attaining Balancing Authority and at the same
time make the Attaining Balancing Authority provider of Balancing Authority services. In
practice, Pseudo-Ties may be implemented based upon metered or calculated values. All
Balancing Authorities involved account for the power exchange and associated transmission
losses as actual interchange between the Balancing Authorities, both in their ACE equations and
throughout all of their energy accounting processes.

8

II.

NOTICES AND COMMUNICATIONS
Notices and communications with respect to this filing may be addressed to the

following:14
Charles A. Berardesco*
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Holly A. Hawkins*
Assistant General Counsel
Stacey Tyrewala*
Senior Counsel
North American Electric Reliability
Corporation
1325 G Street, N.W., Suite 600
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 400-3000
(202) 644-8099 – facsimile
charlie.berardesco@nerc.net
holly.hawkins@nerc.net
stacey.tyrewala@nerc.net

III.

Mark G. Lauby*
Vice President and Director of Standards
Laura Hussey*
Director of Standards Development
North American Electric Reliability
Corporation
3353 Peachtree Road, N.E.
Suite 600, North Tower
Atlanta, GA 30326
(404) 446-2560
(404) 446-2595 – facsimile
mark.lauby@nerc.net
laura.hussey@nerc.net

BACKGROUND
A.

Regulatory Framework

By enacting the Energy Policy Act of 2005,15 Congress entrusted the Commission with
the duties of approving and enforcing rules to ensure the reliability of the Nation’s Bulk-Power
System, and with the duties of certifying an ERO that would be charged with developing and
enforcing mandatory Reliability Standards, subject to Commission approval. Section 215(b)(1)16
of the FPA states that all users, owners, and operators of the Bulk-Power System in the United
States will be subject to Commission-approved Reliability Standards. Section 215(d)(5)17 of the
FPA authorizes the Commission to order the ERO to submit a new or modified Reliability

Persons to be included on the Commission’s service list are identified by an asterisk. NERC respectfully
requests a waiver of Rule 203 of the Commission’s regulations, 18 C.F.R. § 385.203 (2013), to allow the inclusion
of more than two persons on the service list in this proceeding.
15
16 U.S.C. § 824o (2006).
16
Id. § 824(b)(1).
17
Id. § 824o(d)(5).
14

9

Standard. Section 39.5(a)18 of the Commission’s regulations requires the ERO to file with the
Commission for its approval each Reliability Standard that the ERO proposes should become
mandatory and enforceable in the United States, and each modification to a Reliability Standard
that the ERO proposes should be made effective.
The Commission has the regulatory responsibility to approve Reliability Standards that
protect the reliability of the Bulk-Power System and to ensure that such Reliability Standards are
just, reasonable, not unduly discriminatory or preferential, and in the public interest. Pursuant to
Section 215(d)(2) of the FPA19 and Section 39.5(c)20 of the Commission’s regulations, the
Commission will give due weight to the technical expertise of the ERO with respect to the
content of a Reliability Standard.
B.

NERC Reliability Standards Development Procedure

The proposed Reliability Standards were developed in an open and fair manner and in
accordance with the Commission-approved Reliability Standard development process.21 NERC
develops Reliability Standards in accordance with Section 300 (Reliability Standards
Development) of its Rules of Procedure and the NERC Standard Processes Manual.22 In its ERO
Certification Order, the Commission found that NERC’s proposed rules provide for reasonable

18

18 C.F.R. § 39.5(a) (2012).
16 U.S.C. § 824o(d)(2).
20
18 C.F.R. § 39.5(c)(1).
21
Rules Concerning Certification of the Electric Reliability Organization; and Procedures for the
Establishment, Approval, and Enforcement of Electric Reliability Standards, Order No. 672 at P 334, FERC Stats. &
Regs. ¶ 31,204, order on reh’g, Order No. 672-A, FERC Stats. & Regs. ¶ 31,212 (2006) (“Further, in considering
whether a proposed Reliability Standard meets the legal standard of review, we will entertain comments about
whether the ERO implemented its Commission-approved Reliability Standard development process for the
development of the particular proposed Reliability Standard in a proper manner, especially whether the process was
open and fair. However, we caution that we will not be sympathetic to arguments by interested parties that choose,
for whatever reason, not to participate in the ERO’s Reliability Standard development process if it is conducted in
good faith in accordance with the procedures approved by FERC.”).
22
The NERC Rules of Procedure are available at http://www.nerc.com/AboutNERC/Pages/Rules-ofProcedure.aspx. The NERC Standard Processes Manual is available at
http://www.nerc.com/comm/SC/Documents/Appendix_3A_StandardsProcessesManual.pdf.
19

10

notice and opportunity for public comment, due process, openness, and a balance of interests in
developing Reliability Standards and thus satisfies certain of the criteria for approving Reliability
Standards. The development process is open to any person or entity with a legitimate interest in
the reliability of the Bulk-Power System. NERC considers the comments of all stakeholders, and
a vote of stakeholders and the NERC Board of Trustees is required to approve a Reliability
Standard before the Reliability Standard is submitted to the Commission for approval.

IV.

JUSTIFICATION FOR APPROVAL OF PROPOSED RELIABILITY
STANDARDS
As discussed in detail in Exhibit C, the proposed Reliability Standards satisfy the

Commission’s criteria in Order No. 672 and are just, reasonable, not unduly discriminatory or
preferential, and in the public interest. Provided below is the following: (1) a description of
each proposed Reliability Standard and discussion of how applicable Commission directives are
satisfied; and (2) justification for the proposed Reliability Standards on a Requirement-byRequirement basis.
A.

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-004-3– Dynamic Transfers

The purpose of proposed Reliability Standard INT-004-3 is to ensure that Dynamic
Schedules and Pseudo-Ties are communicated and accounted for appropriately in congestion
management procedures.

11

1.

Procedural History

Reliability Standard INT-004-1, was approved by the Commission in Order No. 693.23
Reliability Standard INT-004-2 was accepted by the Commission in Order No. 713.24
2.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-004-3 consists of three Requirements and is
applicable to Balancing Authorities and Purchasing-Selling Entities.25 Provided below is an
explanation of each of the Requirements of proposed Reliability Standard INT-004-3.
INT-004-3, Requirement R1
R1

Each Purchasing-Selling Entity that secures energy to serve Load via a Dynamic
Schedule or Pseudo-Tie shall ensure that a Request for Interchange is submitted as an ontime1 Arranged Interchange to the Sink Balancing Authority for that Dynamic Schedule
or Pseudo-Tie, unless the information about the Pseudo-Tie is included in congestion
management procedure(s) via an alternate method.
[FN 1 Please refer to the timing tables of INT-006-4.]

Proposed Requirement R1 is intended to ensure that a Request for Interchange is
submitted for a Dynamic Schedule or for a Pseudo-Tie that is not otherwise considered in
congestion management procedure(s). If a forecast is available, it is expected that the forecast
will be used to indicate the energy profile on the RFI. If no forecast is available, the energy
profile cannot exceed the maximum expected transaction MW amount. This requirement was
formerly included in Reliability Standard INT-001-3, which is proposed for retirement. The
proposed revisions to Requirement R1 now include Pseudo-Ties.

23

Mandatory Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power System, Order 693, 118 FERC ¶ 61,218 at P 843

(2007).
24

Modification of Interchange and Transmission Loading Relief Reliability Standards; and Electric
Reliability Organization Interpretation of Specific Requirements of Four Reliability Standards, Order No. 713, 124
FERC ¶ 61,071 at P 57 (2008).
25
The Standard Drafting Team considered the remarks of Santa Clara in determining the appropriate
applicability of the INT Reliability Standards, in compliance with Order No. 693 at P 819.

12

The requirement to create a Request for Interchange for Pseudo-Ties ensures that all
entities involved are aware of the Dynamic Transfer and that the various responsibilities
associated with the Dynamic Transfer have been agreed upon.
INT-004-3, Requirement R2
R2.

The Purchasing-Selling Entity that submits a Request for Interchange in accordance with
Requirement R1 shall ensure the Confirmed Interchange associated with that Dynamic
Schedule or Pseudo-Tie is updated for future hours in order to support congestion
management procedures if any one of the following occurs:
2.1.

For Confirmed Interchange greater than 250 MW for the last hour, the actual
hourly integrated energy deviates from the Confirmed Interchange by more than
10% for that hour and that deviation is expected to persist.

2.2.

For Confirmed Interchange less than or equal to 250 MW for the last hour, the
actual hourly integrated energy deviates from the Confirmed Interchange by more
than 25 MW for that hour and that deviation is expected to persist.

2.3.

The Purchasing-Selling Entity receives notification from a Reliability Coordinator
or Transmission Operator to update the Confirmed Interchange.

Proposed Requirement R2 specifies conditions under which the Confirmed Interchange is
updated in order to support congestion management procedures. The elements of this
requirement were formerly included in Reliability Standard INT-004-2, Requirement R2 and like
proposed Requirement R1, Requirement R2 has been revised to include Pseudo-Ties.
INT-004-3, Requirement R3
R3.

Each Balancing Authority shall only implement or operate a Pseudo-Tie that is included
in the NAESB Electric Industry Registry publication in order to support congestion
management procedures.
Proposed Requirement R3 applies to Balancing Authorities and was created to ensure that

coordination occurs between all entities involved, prior to the initial implementation of a PseudoTie. The NAESB Electric Industry Registry is where all of the interfaces for Interchange are

13

defined. A request to revise the NAESB Electric Industry Registry has already been submitted
for implementation.26
B.

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-006-4 – Evaluation of Interchange
Transactions

The purpose of proposed Reliability Standard INT-006-4 is to ensure that responsible
entities conduct a reliability assessment of each Arranged Interchange before it is implemented.
1.

Procedural History

Reliability Standard INT-006-1 was accepted by the Commission in Order No. 693.27
INT-006-2 was accepted by the Commission in Order No. 713.28 Reliability Standard INT-0063 was accepted by the Commission in Order No. 730.29
2.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-006-4 consists of five Requirements and is applicable
to Balancing Authorities and Transmission Service Providers. Attachment 1 provides timing
requirements for each of the Interconnections and is incorporated into each of the Requirements
of INT-006-4. Provided below is an explanation of each of the Requirements of proposed
Reliability Standard INT-006-4.
INT-006-4, Requirement R1
R1.

Each Balancing Authority shall approve or deny each on-time Arranged Interchange or
emergency Arranged Interchange that it receives and shall do so prior to the expiration of
the time period defined in Attachment 1, Column B.
1.1.

Each Source and Sink Balancing Authority shall deny the Arranged Interchange
or curtail Confirmed Interchange if it does not expect to be capable of supporting

26

This requirement is proposed to become effective on the first calendar day two calendar quarters after the
NAESB Electric Industry Registry is able to accept Pseudo‐Tie registrations. All existing and future Pseudo‐Ties
are to be registered in the NAESB Electric Industry Registry.
27
Order No. 693 at P 859.
28
Order No. 713 at P 67.
29
Revised Mandatory Reliability Standards for Interchange Scheduling and Coordination, Order No. 730,
129 FERC ¶ 61,223 at P 13 (2009).

14

the magnitude of the Interchange, including ramping, throughout the duration of
the Arranged Interchange.
1.2.

Each Balancing Authority shall deny the Arranged Interchange or curtail
Confirmed Interchange if the Scheduling Path (proper connectivity of Adjacent
Balancing Authorities) between it and its Adjacent Balancing Authorities is
invalid.

Proposed Requirement R1 requires Balancing Authorities to take action on a received
Arranged Interchange within a certain timeframe, which is specified in Attachment 1.
Requirement R1, Parts 1.1 and 1.2 provide reliability-related reasons that a Balancing Authority
must deny an Arranged Interchange, but Balancing Authorities may deny for other reasons, such
as economic or contractual issues, as outlined in the NAESB Business Practices. If the
conditions described in Requirement R1, Parts 1.1 or 1.2 are recognized after approval is
granted, the Balancing Authority may curtail the Confirmed Interchange prior to implementation.
Proposed Requirement R1 is based on Requirement R1 of the currently-effective Reliability
Standard INT-006-3.
INT-006-4, Requirement R2
R2.

Each Transmission Service Provider shall approve or deny each on-time Arranged
Interchange or emergency Arranged Interchange that it receives and shall do so prior to
the expiration of the time period defined in Attachment 1, Column B.
2.1.

Each Transmission Service Provider shall deny the Arranged Interchange or
curtail Confirmed Interchange if the transmission path (proper connectivity of
adjacent Transmission Service Providers) between it and its adjacent
Transmission Service Providers is invalid.

Transmission Service Providers must take action on a received Arranged Interchange
within a certain timeframe, which is specified in Attachment 1. Requirement R2, Part 2.1
provides reliability-related reasons that a Transmission Service Provider must deny an Arranged
Interchange, but Transmission Service Providers may deny for other reasons. If the conditions
described in Requirement R2, Part 2.1 are recognized after approval is granted, the Transmission
15

Service Provider may curtail the Confirmed Interchange prior to implementation. Proposed
Requirement R2 is based on Requirement R1 of the currently-effective Reliability Standard INT006-3.

INT-006-4, Requirement R3
R3.

The Source Balancing Authority and the Sink Balancing Authority receiving a Reliability
Adjustment Arranged Interchange shall approve or deny it prior to the expiration of the
time period defined in Attachment 1, Column B.
3.1.

If a Balancing Authority denies a Reliability Adjustment Arranged Interchange,
the Balancing Authority must communicate that fact to its Reliability Coordinator
no more than 10 minutes after the denial.

Proposed Requirement R3 ensures that Balancing Authorities who receive a Reliability
Adjustment Arranged Interchange actively approve or deny the transition to Confirmed
Interchange. Proposed Requirement R3 is based on Requirement R1 of the currently-effective
Reliability Standard INT-006-3.
INT-006-4, Requirement R4
R4.

Each Sink Balancing Authority shall confirm that none of the following conditions exist
prior to transitioning an Arranged Interchange to Confirmed Interchange:
 It is a Reliability Adjustment Arranged Interchange, the time period specified in
Attachment 1, Column B has elapsed, and the Source Balancing Authority or the Sink
Balancing Authority associated with the Arranged Interchange has not communicated
its approval of the transition.
 It is not a Reliability Adjustment Arranged Interchange, the time period specified in
Attachment 1, Column B, has elapsed, and not all Balancing Authorities and
Transmission Service Providers associated with the Arranged Interchange have
communicated their approval of the transition.
 It is not a Reliability Adjustment Arranged Interchange, the time period specified in
Attachment 1, Column B, has elapsed, and any entity associated with the Arranged
Interchange has communicated its denial of the transition.
Proposed Requirement R4 lists criteria for when a Sink Balancing Authority shall not

transition an Arranged Interchange to Confirmed Interchange. This is designed to ensure that
there is appropriate verification of information prior to the transition from Arranged Interchange
16

to Confirmed Interchange. Proposed Requirement R4 is based on Requirement R1 of currentlyeffective Reliability Standard INT-007-1, which is proposed for retirement.

INT-006-4, Requirement R5
R5.

For each Arranged Interchange that is transitioned to Confirmed Interchange, the Sink
Balancing Authority shall notify the following entities of the on-time Confirmed
Interchange such that the notification is delivered in time to be incorporated into
scheduling systems prior to ramp start as specified in Attachment 1, Column D:
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.

The Source Balancing Authority,
Each Intermediate Balancing Authority,
Each Reliability Coordinator associated with each Balancing Authority included
in the Arranged Interchange,
Each Transmission Service Provider included in the Arranged Interchange, and
Each Purchasing Selling Entity included in the Arranged Interchange.

This requirement lists the entities to which a Sink Balancing Authority must distribute
notifications of whether an Arranged Interchange has transitioned to Confirmed Interchange.
Proposed Requirement R5 is based on Requirement R1 of currently-effective Reliability
Standard INT-008-3 (proposed for retirement herein).30
C.

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-009-2– Implementation of Interchange

The purpose of proposed Reliability Standard INT-009-2 is to ensure that Balancing
Authorities implement the Interchange as agreed upon in the Interchange confirmation process.
1.

Procedural History

Reliability Standard INT-009-1 was accepted by the Commission in Order No. 693.31

30
31

Infra. at 27-28.
Order No. 693 at P 875.

17

2.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-009-2 consists of three Requirements and is
applicable to Balancing Authorities. Provided below is an explanation of each of the
Requirements of proposed Reliability Standard INT-009-2.
INT-009-2, Requirement R1
R1.

Each Balancing Authority shall agree with each of its Adjacent Balancing Authorities
that its Composite Confirmed Interchange with that Adjacent Balancing Authority, at
mutually agreed upon time intervals, excluding Dynamic Schedules and Pseudo-Ties and
including any Interchange per INT-010-2 not yet captured in the Composite Confirmed
Interchange, is:
1.1.
1.2.

Identical in magnitude to that of the Adjacent Balancing Authority, and
Opposite in sign or direction to that of the Adjacent Balancing Authority.

This proposed Requirement has been revised to ensure that a Balancing Authority agrees
to a Composite Confirmed Interchange with each of its Adjacent Balancing Authorities.
Proposed Requirement R1 is based on Requirement R1 of currently-effective Reliability
Standard INT-003-3 (proposed for retirement herein).32
INT-009-2, Requirement R2
R2.

The Attaining Balancing Authority and the Native Balancing Authority shall use a
dynamic value emanating from an agreed upon common source to account for the
Pseudo-Tie in the Actual Net Interchange (NIA) term of their respective control ACE (or
alternate control process).

Proposed Requirement R2 is a new Requirement that is intended to ensure that Adjacent
Balancing Authorities incorporating a Pseudo-Tie agree to a common source for their Actual Net
Interchange term for their ACE controls. Requirement R12.3 of currently-effective Reliability
Standard BAL-005-0.2b addresses common metering for Dynamic Schedules and Pseudo-Ties

32

Infra. at 23-24.

18

but not their implementation into ACE. Requirement R2 is parallel to R10 of BAL-005-0.2b,
which only addresses Dynamic Schedules, although this proposed Requirement applies to
Pseudo-Ties.
INT-009-2, Requirement R3
R3.

Each Balancing Authority in whose area the high-voltage direct current tie is controlled
shall coordinate the Confirmed Interchange prior to its implementation with the
Transmission Operator of the high-voltage direct current tie.

This proposed Requirement ensures that the Balancing Authority that controls a highvoltage direct current tie coordinates the Confirmed Interchange. Proposed Requirement R3 is
based on Requirement R1.2 from currently-effective Reliability Standard INT-003-3 (proposed
for retirement herein).33
By incorporating Requirements from currently-effective Reliability Standard INT-003-3,
the proposed Reliability Standard INT-009-2 is intended to ensure that Balancing Authorities
confirm Interchange Schedules and implement the Interchange as agreed upon in the Interchange
confirmation process.
D.

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-010-2 – Interchange Initiation and
Modification for Reliability

The purpose of proposed Reliability Standard INT-010-2 is to provide guidance for
required actions on Confirmed Interchange or Implemented Interchange to address reliability.
1.

Procedural History

Reliability Standard INT-010-1 was accepted by the Commission in Order No. 693.34

33
34

Supra at 24-25.
Order No. 693 at P 887.

19

2.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-010-2 consists of three Requirements and is
applicable to Balancing Authorities. Provided below is an explanation of each of the
Requirements of proposed Reliability Standard INT-010-2.
INT-010-2, Requirement R1

R1.

The Balancing Authority that experiences a loss of resources covered by an energy
sharing agreement or other reliability needs covered by an energy sharing agreement shall
ensure that a Request for Interchange (RFI) is submitted with a start time no more than 60
minutes beyond the resource loss. If the use of the energy sharing agreement does not
exceed 60 minutes from the time of the resource loss, no RFI is required.
Proposed Requirement R1 has been modified to replace the term “request for Arranged

Interchange” with the corrected term “Request for Interchange,” which is a defined term in the
NERC Glossary. Revisions to the definition of “Request for Interchange” are also proposed
herein.35
INT-010-2, Requirement R2
R2.

Each Sink Balancing Authority shall ensure that a Reliability Adjustment Arranged
Interchange reflecting a modification is submitted within 60 minutes of the start of the
modification if a Reliability Coordinator directs the modification of a Confirmed
Interchange or Implemented Interchange for actual or anticipated reliability-related
reasons.
Proposed Requirement R2 has been revised to apply to “Sink Balancing Authorities”

instead of “Reliability Coordinators” to provide clarity as to which entity is to perform the
reliability task. The revised language clarifies that the Sink Balancing Authority is the
responsible entity.

35

Supra at 33.

20

INT-010-2, Requirement R3
R3.

Each Sink Balancing Authority shall ensure that a Request for Interchange is submitted
reflecting that Interchange Schedule within 60 minutes of the start of the scheduled
Interchange if a Reliability Coordinator directs the scheduling of Interchange for actual or
anticipated reliability-related reasons.
Proposed Requirement R3 has been revised to apply to “Sink Balancing Authorities”

instead of “Reliability Coordinators” to provide clarity as to which entity is to perform the
reliability task. The revised language clarifies that the Sink Balancing Authority is the
responsible entity.
E.

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-011-1 – Intra-Balancing Authority
Transaction Identification

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-011-1 is a new Reliability Standard, and the purpose
of the Standard is to ensure that transfers within a Balancing Authority Area using Point-to-Point
Transmission Service are communicated and accounted for in congestion management
procedures.
1.

Requirement-by-Requirement Justification

Proposed Reliability Standard INT-011-1 consists of one Requirement and is applicable
to Load-Serving Entities. Provided below is the full text and a subsequent explanation of
Requirement R1.
INT-011-1, Requirement R1
R1.

Each Load-Serving Entity that uses Point to Point Transmission Service for intraBalancing Authority Area transfers shall submit a Request for Interchange unless the
information about intra-Balancing Authority transfers is included in congestion
management procedure(s) via an alternate method.
Proposed Requirement R1 of INT-011-1 addresses the Commission’s directive in

Paragraph 817 of Order No. 693. The Commission “direct[ed] the ERO to include a
21

modification to INT-001-2 that includes a Requirement that interchange information must be
submitted for all point-to-point transfers entirely within a balancing authority area, including all
grandfathered and ‘non-Order No. 888’ transfers.”36 While Reliability Standard INT-001-3 is
proposed for retirement, the Commission’s directive is addressed via proposed Reliability
Standard INT-011-1.
The transfers within a Balancing Authority Area using Point to Point Transmission
Service can impact transmission congestion, and proposed Reliability Standard INT-011-1
ensures that these transfers are communicated and accounted for in congestion management
procedures. If a transfer within a Balancing Authority Area is submitted as a Request for
Interchange or otherwise accounted for in congestion management procedures, it can be
evaluated and processed comparable to a Request for Interchange that crosses Balancing
Authority Areas.
V.

JUSTIFICATION FOR PROPOSED RETIREMENT OF RELIABILITY
STANDARDS
NERC proposes to retire the following five currently-effective Reliability Standards:

INT-001-3– Interchange Information; INT-003-3 – Interchange Transaction Implementation;
INT-005-3 – Interchange Authority Distributes Arranged Interchange; INT-007-1– Interchange
Confirmation; and INT-008-3—Interchange Authority Distributes Status. Provided below is the
following: (1) a description of each proposed Reliability Standard, including the procedural
history; and (2) justification for the proposed retirement.

36

Order No. 693 at P 817.

22

A.

Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-001-3 – Interchange
Information

The purpose of Reliability Standard INT-001-3 is to “ensure that Interchange Information
is submitted to the NERC-identified reliability analysis service.”
1.

Procedural History

Reliability Standard INT-001-2, which superseded the Version 1 Reliability Standard
INT-001-1, was approved by the Commission in Order No. 693.37 Reliability Standard INT-0013 was approved by the Commission in Order No. 713.38
2.

Retirement Justification

Reliability Standard INT-001-3 consists of two Requirements and applies to PurchasingSelling Entities and Balancing Authorities. Requirement R1 has been revised and incorporated
into proposed Reliability Standard INT-004-3– Dynamic Transfers, as explained herein.39
Requirement R2 of INT-001-3 is proposed for retirement, and this retirement can be removed
with little or no effect on reliability, consistent with Commission precedent, because the
proposed Requirement R1 of Reliability Standard INT-009-2 makes it clear that the Net
Scheduled Interchange term in the control equation can only include Confirmed Interchange as
agreed to between Balancing Authorities. This, by definition, requires that an Arranged
Interchange be created in order to implement the schedules listed in Requirements R2.1 and
R2.2.

37
38
39

Order No. 693 at P 814.
Order No. 713 at P 57.
Supra at 12.

23

B.

Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-003-3 – Interchange
Transaction Implementation

The purpose of Reliability Standard INT-003-3 is to ensure that Balancing Authorities
confirm Interchange Schedules with Adjacent Balancing Authorities prior to implementing the
schedules in their ACE equations.
1.

Procedural History

In approving INT-003-1, the Commission proposed to direct NERC to submit a
modification to INT-003-1 that includes Measures and Levels of Non-Compliance. NERC filed
INT-003-2 with the Commission on November 15, 2006 to replace the Version 1 Reliability
Standard INT-003-1 and add Measures and Levels of Non-Compliance pursuant to Commission
directives. INT-003-2 was approved by the Commission on March 16, 2007 in Order No. 693.40
On November 20, 2009, NERC submitted a proposal for the Commission to approve Reliability
Standard INT-003-3, which would supersede INT-003-2 and remove the MISO tagging waivers
that were once necessary to accommodate the operation of the MISO market in a multiBalancing Authority environment.41 Because MISO is now a single Balancing Authority for the
geographic region it encompasses, NERC determined this waiver was not needed. Reliability
Standard INT-003-3 was approved by the Commission on January 6, 2011.42
2.

Retirement Justification

Reliability Standard INT-003-3 consists of one Requirement and is applicable to
Balancing Authorities. While this Reliability Standard is proposed for retirement, Requirement
R1 has been incorporated into Requirement R1 of the proposed Reliability Standard, INT-009-

40

Order No. 693 at P 833.
Petition of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation for Approval of Two Reliability Standards
Revisions to Withdraw MISO Waivers, Docket No. RD10-4 (November 20, 2009).
42
North American Electric Reliability Corp., 134 FERC ¶ 61,007 at P 6 (2011).
41

24

2.43 The purpose of INT-003-3, to ensure that a Balancing Authority agrees to a Composite
Confirmed Interchange with each of its Adjacent Balancing Authorities, is maintained in
proposed Reliability Standard INT-009-2. As explained herein, Requirement R3 of proposed
Reliability Standard INT-009-2 is based on Requirement R1.2 of INT-003-3 and ensures that
Confirmed Interchange on a high-voltage direct current tie is coordinated with the Transmission
Operators.44
C.

Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-005-3 – Interchange
Authority Distributes Arranged Interchange

The purpose of Reliability Standard INT-005-3 is to ensure that the implementation of
Interchange between Source and Sink Balancing Authorities is distributed by an Interchange
Authority such that Interchange information is available for reliability assessments.
1.

Procedural History

Reliability Standard INT-005-1 was accepted by the Commission in Order No. 693,
wherein the Commission directed NERC to consider adding additional Measures and Levels of
Non-Compliance to the Reliability Standard.45 Reliability Standard INT-005-2, which
superseded the Version 1 Reliability Standard INT-005-1, was one of several standards that
aimed to increase the timeframe for applicable WECC entities to perform the reliability
assessment from five to ten minutes for next hour interchange tags submitted in the first thirty
minutes of the hour before. INT-005-2 was approved by the Commission in Order No. 713.46
Reliability Standard INT-005-3 was approved by the Commission in Order No. 730 to help
facilitate the reliable operation of the Bulk-Power System by providing WECC entities sufficient

43
44
45
46

Supra at 18.
Supra at 19.
Order No. 693 at P 847, 848
Order No. 713 at P 67.

25

time to assess and response to requests for interchange service before the underlying e-Tags for
these requests expire, and by clarifying timing requirements for all affected entities.47
2.

Retirement Justification

Currently-effective Reliability Standard INT-005-3 consists of one Requirement and is
applicable to Interchange Authorities. The Electronic Tagging Functional Specification, which
is a NAESB document, describes the functional requirements and detailed technical
specifications for the implementation of an electronic tag or e-Tag. Section 3.6.1.1.1 of this
document requires the identification of a distribution list for an e-Tag. Accordingly, the task set
forth in Requirement R1 of INT-005-3 is not necessary and the proposed retirement of this
Reliability Standard will not create a reliability gap.
D.

Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-007-1– Interchange
Confirmation

The purpose of Reliability Standard INT-007-1 is to ensure that Arranged Interchange is
checked for reliability before it is implemented. Reliability Standard INT-007 requires that
before changing the status of submitted Arranged Interchange to Confirmed Interchange, the
Interchange Authority must verify that the submitted Arranged Interchange is valid and complete
with relevant information and approvals from the Balancing Authorities and transmission service
providers.
1.

Procedural History

Reliability Standard INT-007-1 was submitted for Commission approval on August 28,
2006 in Docket No. RM06-16-000 and was approved on March 16, 2007 in Order No. 693.48 On
February 28, 2013, NERC filed a petition with the Commission requesting retirement of

47
48

Order No. 730 at P 13-14.
Order No. 693 at P 867.

26

Requirement R1.2 of INT-007-1 due to the fact that this requirement was considered an outdated
administrative task after the implementation of the NAESB Electric Industry Registry. The
Commission approved the retirement of this Requirement in Order No. 788.49
2.

Retirement Justification

Currently-effective Reliability Standard INT-007-1 consists of one Requirement and
applies to Interchange Authorities. The reliability purpose of INT-007-1 is to ensure that each
Arranged Interchange is checked for reliability before it is implemented, and this purpose is
unaffected by the proposed retirement, as proposed Reliability Standard INT-006-4 is designed
to ensure that this action occurs. Specifically, proposed Requirement R4 of INT-006-4 specifies
conditions under which the Sink Balancing Authority shall not transition to Confirmed
Interchange. Requirement R1.4 of currently-effective Reliability Standard INT-007-1 is also
addressed via the proposed revisions to the definition of the term “Confirmed Interchange,”
which clarify that this is a “state where no party has denied and all required parties have
approved the Arranged Interchange.” For these reasons, the proposed retirement of Reliability
Standard INT-007-1 presents no reliability gap.
E.

Proposed Retirement of Reliability Standard INT-008-3—Interchange
Authority Distributes Status

The purpose of Reliability Standard INT-008-3 is to ensure that the implementation of
Interchange between Source and Sink Balancing Authorities is coordinated by an Interchange
Authority.

49

Electric Reliability Organization Proposal to Retire Requirements in Reliability Standards, Order No. 788,
145 FERC ¶ 61, 147 at P 17 (2013).

27

1.

Procedural History

Reliability Standard INT-008-1 was submitted for Commission approval on August 28,
2006 and approved in Order No. 693, pending further clarification on a permanent entity to serve
as interchange authority.50 Reliability Standard INT-008-2, which superseded the Version 1
Reliability Standard INT-008-1, was proposed by the NERC Standards Committee through the
urgent action process in February 2007 as part of an effort to increase an aspect of the timing
table commonly contained in each reliability standard.51 The Commission approved INT-008-2
in Order No. 713.52 Finally, Reliability Standard INT-008-3, which superseded the Version 2
Reliability Standard INT-008-2, was submitted to the Commission on February 5, 2009 and
included a variety of insubstantial changes to the timing tables in addition to those included in
the original urgent action process.53 The Commission approved INT-008-3 in Order No. 730 on
December 17, 2009.54
2.

Retirement Justification

Currently-effective Reliability Standard INT-008-3 consists of one Requirement and is
applicable to Interchange Authorities. The reliability purpose of INT-008-3 is unaffected by this
proposed retirement as Requirement R5 of proposed Reliability Standard INT-006-4 lists the
entities to which a Sink Balancing Authority must distribute notifications of whether an
Arranged Interchange has transitioned to Confirmed Interchange.55 For this reason, the proposed
retirement of Reliability Standard INT-008-3 presents no reliability gap.

50

Order No. 693 at P 872.
Petition Of The North American Electric Reliability Corporation For Approval Of Five (5) Proposed
Reliability Standards, Docket No. RM08-7 (December 26, 2007).
52
Order No. 713 at P 67.
53
Petition of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation for Approval Of INT-005-3, INT-006-3
and INT-008-3 Reliability Standards and Three Associated Terms, Docket No. RM09-8 (February 5,
2009).
54
Order No. 730 at P 13.
55
Supra at 17.
51

28

VI.

JUSTIFICATION FOR PROPOSED DEFINITIONS
NERC proposes revisions to ten definitions in the NERC Glossary of Terms (Adjacent

Balancing Authority; Arranged Interchange; Confirmed Interchange; Dynamic Interchange
Schedule or Dynamic Schedule; Intermediate Balancing Authority; Operational Planning
Analysis; Pseudo-Tie; Request for Interchange; Sink Balancing Authority; and Source Balancing
Authority) and four new definitions (Attaining Balancing Authority; Composite Confirmed
Interchange; Native Balancing Authority; and Reliability Adjustment Arranged Interchange) for
Commission approval. Provided below is the full text of each proposed definition and an
explanation of the proposed revisions.
A.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Adjacent Balancing Authority”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Adjacent Balancing
Authority:”
Adjacent Balancing Authority - A Balancing Authority whose Balancing Authority Area is
interconnected with another Balancing Authority Area either directly or via a multi-party
agreement or transmission tariff.
The proposed revisions are minor, non-substantive changes to improve the clarity of the
term, as illustrated in Exhibit F. The proposed revisions are intended to clarify the various
Balancing Authorities involved in the implementation of Interchange and their relationships with
regards to Interchange.
B.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Arranged Interchange”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Arranged Interchange:”
Arranged Interchange - The state where a Request for Interchange (initial or revised) has been
submitted for approval.
The proposed revisions to the term “Arranged Interchange” remove references to the
“Interchange Authority,” to provide clarity. This proposed term is now based solely on NAESB
29

Business Practice Standards and definitions rather than any entity that may be responsible for its
application for reliability.
C.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Confirmed Interchange”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Confirmed Interchange:”
Confirmed Interchange - The state where no party has denied and all required parties have
approved the Arranged Interchange.
The proposed revisions to the term “Confirmed Interchange” are necessary to clarify the
various stages of Interchange and are designed to ensure that Arranged Interchange is checked
for reliability purposes before it is implemented.
D.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Dynamic Interchange Schedule or Dynamic
Schedule”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Dynamic Interchange
Schedule or Dynamic Schedule:”
Dynamic Interchange Schedule or Dynamic Schedule: A time-varying energy transfer that is
updated in Real-time and included in the Scheduled Net Interchange term in the same manner as
an Interchange Schedule in the affected Balancing Authorities’ control ACE equations (or
alternate control processes).

This defined term was revised to provide clarity that a Dynamic Schedule is updated in
Real-time and is included in the Scheduled Net Interchange term in the affected Balancing
Authorities’ control ACE equations (or alternate control processes). Dynamic Schedules are
commonly used for scheduling jointly owned generation to or from another Balancing Authority
Area.
E.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Intermediate Balancing Authority”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Intermediate Balancing
Authority:”
30

Intermediate Balancing Authority - A Balancing Authority on the scheduling path of an
Interchange Transaction other than the Source Balancing Authority and Sink Balancing
Authority.
The proposed revisions to “Intermediate Balancing Authority” are intended to clarify the
various Balancing Authorities involved in the implementation of Interchange and their
relationships with regards to Interchange.
F.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Operational Planning Analysis”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Operational Planning
Analysis:”
Operational Planning Analysis: An analysis of the expected system conditions for the next
day’s operation. (That analysis may be performed either a day ahead or as much as 12 months
ahead.) Expected system conditions include things such as load forecast(s), generation output
levels, Interchange, and known system constraints (transmission facility outages, generator
outages, equipment limitations, etc.).
The proposed revisions to the term “Operational Planning Analysis” are presented as an
equally effective and efficient alternative to addressing the Commission’s concerns regarding
Reliability Standard INT-006-1 in Order No. 693. The Commission directed:
the ERO to develop a modification to INT-006-1 through the Reliability Standards
development process that: (1) makes it applicable to reliability coordinators and
transmission operators and (2) requires reliability coordinators and transmission operators
to review energy interchange transactions from the wide-area and local area reliability
viewpoints respectively and, where their review indicates a potential detrimental
reliability impact, communicate to the sink balancing authorities necessary transaction
modifications before implementation.56
The term “Operational Planning Analysis” is used in Reliability Standards that apply to
both Reliability Coordinators and Transmission Operators. Currently-effective Reliability
Standard IRO-008-1 applies to Reliability Coordinators and Requirement R1 requires each

56

Order No. 693 at P 866.

31

Reliability Coordinator to perform an Operational Planning Analysis.57 By explicitly including
“Interchange” in the definition of “Operational Planning Analysis,” the Reliability Coordinator
must consider Interchange when performing the analysis required in Reliability Standard IRO008-1. This addresses the Commission’s concern in Order No. 693 regarding the need for
Reliability Coordinators to review energy Interchange Transactions from a wide-area perspective
for potential detrimental reliability impacts. When the results of the analysis indicate the need
for action, Requirement R3 of Reliability Standard IRO-008-1 requires the Reliability
Coordinator to share its results with those entities that are expected to take those actions.58 The
proposed modified to “Operational Planning Analysis” is intended to ensure that Transmission
Operators would be able to review Interchange Transactions from a local area reliability
perspective.
G.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Pseudo-Tie”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Pseudo-Tie:”
Pseudo-Tie: A time-varying energy transfer that is updated in Real-time and included in the
Actual Net Interchange term (NIA) in the same manner as a Tie Line in the affected Balancing
Authorities’ control ACE equations (or alternate control processes).
The proposed revisions to this defined term are intended to clarify that a Pseudo-Tie is
updated in Real-time and is included in the Actual Net Interchange (NIA) term in the affected
Balancing Authorities’ control ACE equations (or alternate control processes). Pseudo-Ties are

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IRO-008-1, Requirement R1 provides: R1. Each Reliability Coordinator shall perform an Operational
Planning Analysis to assess whether the planned operations for the next day within its Wide Area, will exceed any
of its Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits (IROLs) during anticipated normal and Contingency event
conditions.
58
IRO-008-1, Requirement R3 provides: R3. When a Reliability Coordinator determines that the results of
an Operational Planning Analysis or Real-Time Assessment indicates the need for specific operational actions to
prevent or mitigate an instance of exceeding an IROL, the Reliability Coordinator shall share its results with those
entities that are expected to take those actions.

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commonly used as a “virtual” tie line flow in the ACE equation but for which no physical tie or
energy metering actually exists.
H.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Request for Interchange”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Request for Interchange:”
Request for Interchange - A collection of data as defined in the NAESB Business Practice
Standards submitted for the purpose of implementing bilateral Interchange between Balancing
Authorities or an energy transfer within a single Balancing Authority.
The proposed revisions to “Request for Interchange” are intended to eliminate ambiguity
by removing references to the Interchange Authority. The proposed revisions are also consistent
with NAESB Business Practice Standards. This defined term is also contained within the term
“Emergency Request for Interchange” and the proposed revisions are consistent with that
intended meaning.
I.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Sink Balancing Authority”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Sink Balancing Authority:”
Sink Balancing Authority - The Balancing Authority in which the load (sink) is located for an
Interchange Transaction and any resulting Interchange Schedule.
The proposed revisions to “Sink Balancing Authority” are intended to clarify the various
Balancing Authorities involved in the implementation of Interchange and their relationships with
regards to Interchange.
J.

Proposed Revised Definition of “Source Balancing Authority”

NERC proposes the following revised definition of the term “Source Balancing
Authority:”
Source Balancing Authority - The Balancing Authority in which the generation (source) is
located for an Interchange Transaction and for any resulting Interchange Schedule.

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The proposed revisions to “Source Balancing Authority” are intended to clarify the
various Balancing Authorities involved in the implementation of Interchange and their
relationships with regards to Interchange.
K.

Proposed Newly Defined Term “Attaining Balancing Authority”

NERC proposes the following new definition for the term “Attaining Balancing
Authority:”
Attaining Balancing Authority: A Balancing Authority bringing generation or load into its
effective control boundaries through a Dynamic Transfer from the Native Balancing Authority.
The proposed term “Attaining Balancing Authority” is intended to clarify the various
Balancing Authorities involved in the implementation of Interchange and their relationships with
regards to Interchange. The term “Attaining Balancing Authority” is also used in the NERC
Operating Manual.59
L.

Proposed Newly Defined Term “Composite Confirmed Interchange”

NERC proposes the following new definition for the term “Composite Confirmed
Interchange:”
Composite Confirmed Interchange – The energy profile (including non-default ramp)
throughout a given time period, based on the aggregate of all Confirmed Interchange occurring
in that time period.
The proposed term “Composite Confirmed Interchange” was developed to define what is
included in proposed Reliability Standard INT-009-2, Requirement R1 to ensure that a Balancing
Authority agrees to a Composite Confirmed Interchange with each of its Adjacent Balancing
Authorities.

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Available at: http://www.nerc.com/files/opman_3_2012.pdf.

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M.

Proposed Newly Defined Term “Native Balancing Authority”

NERC proposes the following new definition for the term “Native Balancing Authority:”
Native Balancing Authority: A Balancing Authority from which a portion of its physically
interconnected generation and/or load is transferred from its effective control boundaries to the
Attaining Balancing Authority through a Dynamic Transfer.
The proposed term “Native Balancing Authority” is intended to clarify the various
Balancing Authorities involved in the implementation of Interchange and their relationships with
regards to Interchange. The term “Native Balancing Authority” is also used in the NERC
Operating Manual.60
N.

Proposed Newly Defined Term “Reliability Adjustment Arranged
Interchange”

NERC proposes the following new definition for the term “Reliability Adjustment
Arranged Interchange:”
Reliability Adjustment Arranged Interchange – A request to modify a Confirmed Interchange
or Implemented Interchange for reliability purposes.
The proposed term “Reliability Adjustment Arrange Interchange” was developed to
accurately reflect the types of Interchange that are adjusted for reliability reasons.
O.

Enforceability of the Proposed Reliability Standards

The proposed Reliability Standards include Violation Risk Factors (“VRFs”) and
Violation Severity Levels (“VSLs”). The VSLs provide guidance on the way that NERC will
enforce the Requirements of the proposed Reliability Standards. The VRFs are one of several
elements used to determine an appropriate sanction when the associated Requirement is violated.
The VRFs assess the impact to reliability of violating a specific Requirement. The VRFs and

60

Available at: http://www.nerc.com/files/opman_3_2012.pdf.

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VSLs for the proposed Reliability Standards comport with NERC and Commission guidelines
related to their assignment. For a detailed review of the VRFs, the VSLs, and the analysis of
how the VRFs and VSLs were determined using these guidelines, please see Exhibit G.
The proposed Reliability Standards also include Measures that support each Requirement
by clearly identifying what is required and how the Requirement will be enforced. These
Measures help ensure that the Requirements will be enforced in a clear, consistent, and nonpreferential manner and without prejudice to any party.61

Order No. 672 at P 327 (“There should be a clear criterion or measure of whether an entity is in compliance
with a proposed Reliability Standard. It should contain or be accompanied by an objective measure of compliance
so that it can be enforced and so that enforcement can be applied in a consistent and non-preferential manner.”).
61

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VII.

CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, NERC respectfully requests that the Commission:

•

approve the proposed Reliability Standards, definitions, and associated elements included
in Exhibit A, effective as proposed herein;

•

approve the implementation plan included in Exhibit B; and

•

approve the retirement of Reliability Standards, effective as proposed herein.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Stacey Tyrewala
Charles A. Berardesco
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Holly A. Hawkins
Assistant General Counsel
Stacey Tyrewala
Senior Counsel
North American Electric Reliability
Corporation
1325 G Street, N.W., Suite 600
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202) 400-3000
(202) 644-8099 – facsimile
charlie.berardesco@nerc.net
holly.hawkins@nerc.net
stacey.tyrewala@nerc.net
Counsel for the North American Electric
Reliability Corporation

Date: February 27, 2014

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