2011 National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households (Attachment A4)

2011 FDIC
National Survey
of Unbanked and
Underbanked
Households

Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation

September 2012

Members of the FDIC Unbanked/Underbanked Survey Study Group
Division of Depositor and Consumer Protection: Susan Burhouse, Sarah Campbell, Timothy Critchfield, Keith Ernst,
Ryan Goodstein, Yazmin Osaki, Luke Reynolds, and Sherrie Rhine
Division of Insurance and Research: David Chapman, Eric Robbins, and Katherine Samolyk
Legal Division: Leneta Gregorie

Lead Authors
Susan Burhouse and Yazmin Osaki

Lead Statistical Analysts and Advisors
Sarah Campbell, David Chapman, and Ryan Goodstein

Contributors:
Michael Bachman, Karyen Chu, Peggi Gill, Anirudh Sarna, Francis Solomon, David Spanburg, Masseh Tahiry, and
Kathy Zeidler
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Table of Contents
I. Executive Summary............................................................................................................................................... 4
II. Background and Objectives................................................................................................................................... 8
A. Background................................................................................................................................................... 8
B. What’s New in the 2011 Survey....................................................................................................................... 9
III. Banking Status of US Households......................................................................................................................... 10
A. Top Level Results............................................................................................................................................10
B. Unbanked and Underbanked Rates by Region and State.................................................................................. 11
IV. Banking Status and Account Type Ownership by Demographic Groups ................................................................. 14
A. Which Groups Have Higher Proportions of Unbanked Households?...................................................................14
B. Which Groups Have Higher Proportions of Underbanked Households?..............................................................17
C. Bank Account Type by Demographic Group.....................................................................................................19
V. Who Are the Unbanked, Underbanked, and Fully Banked?.................................................................................... 21
A. Demographic Composition of Households by Banking Status.............................................................................21
B. Unbanked Households’ Banking History and Reasons For Not Having a Bank Account ......................................25
VI. Household Use of Alternative Financial Services.................................................................................................... 29
A. Overall Use of AFS .......................................................................................................................................29
B. AFS Use Among Unbanked and Underbanked Households...............................................................................29
C. Bank Account Ownership and AFS Use...........................................................................................................35
D. Reasons Households Use AFS.........................................................................................................................37
E. Descriptions of AFS Users...............................................................................................................................38
VII. Future Banking Plans of Unbanked Households.................................................................................................... 43
A. Likelihood of Opening an Account by Household Characteristics.......................................................................43
B. Reasons for Opening a Bank Account............................................................................................................ 44
VIII. Implications....................................................................................................................................................... 46
Appendix A — National Tables................................................................................................................................. 49
Appendix B — Focus on Select Demographic Groups................................................................................................ 107
Appendix C — State Tables..................................................................................................................................... 125
Appendix D — MSA Tables..................................................................................................................................... 131
Appendix E — FDIC Technical Notes....................................................................................................................... 140
Appendix F — Revisions to the FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households.............................. 145
Appendix G — Survey Instrument............................................................................................................................ 147
Appendix H - Detailed State Tables.................................................................................................. Published Separately
Appendix I - Detailed MSA Tables................................................................................................... Published Separately

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I. Executive Summary

providers, while others use cash or other financial
arrangements.
• 8.2 percent of US households are unbanked. This
represents 1 in 12 households in the nation, or
nearly 10 million in total. Approximately 17 million
adults live in unbanked households.4

The FDIC is committed to ensuring that all Americans
have access to safe, secure, and affordable banking
services. Public confidence in the banking system derives
in part from how effectively banks serve the needs of the
nation’s diverse population. To assess the inclusiveness of
the banking system, and in response to a statutory
mandate, the FDIC conducts biennial surveys of households to estimate the proportion of households that do not
fully participate in the banking system.1 This report presents the results of the 2011 FDIC National Survey of
Unbanked and Underbanked Households.

• The proportion of unbanked households increased
slightly since the first survey. The estimated 0.6
percentage point increase represents an additional
821,000 unbanked households.5
• 20.1 percent of US households are underbanked.
This represents one in five households, or 24
million households with 51 million adults.6 The
2011 underbanked rate in 2011 is higher than the
2009 rate of 18.2 percent, although the proportions
are not directly comparable because of differences
in the two surveys.7

The FDIC partnered with the US Census Bureau to
conduct this survey in June 2011, collecting responses
from nearly 45,000 households. The FDIC used survey
responses to categorize households’ banking status as
unbanked, underbanked, or fully banked. Unbanked
households are those that lack any kind of deposit account
at an insured depository institution. Underbanked households hold a bank account, but also rely on alternative
financial services (AFS) providers.2 Fully banked households are those that have a bank account of any kind and
have not recently relied on any of the AFS included in
the survey.3

• 29.3 percent of households do not have a savings
account, while about 10 percent do not have a
checking account. About two-thirds of households
have both checking and savings accounts.
• One-quarter of households have used at least one
AFS product in the last year, and almost one in ten
households have used two or more types of AFS
products. In all, 12 percent of households used AFS
products in the last 30 days, including four in ten
unbanked and underbanked households.

Key Findings
More than one in four households (28.3 percent) are
either unbanked or underbanked, conducting some or all
of their financial transactions outside of the mainstream
banking system. Many of these households rely on AFS
1
Section 7 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 (Pub. L. 109–173) calls for the FDIC to conduct ongoing
surveys, “on efforts by insured depository institutions to bring those individuals and families who have rarely, if ever, held a checking account, a
savings account or other type of transaction or check cashing account at
an insured depository institution [‘unbanked’] into the conventional
finance system.” Section 7 further instructs the FDIC to consider several
factors when conducting the surveys, including estimating the size and
worth of the unbanked market in the United States and identifying the
primary issues that prevent unbanked individuals from establishing
conventional accounts.
2
For the purposes of this report, households are identified as
“unbanked” if they answered “no” to the question, “Do you or does
anyone in your household currently have a checking or savings account?”
Underbanked households are defined as those households that have a
checking and/or a savings account and had used non-bank money orders,
non-bank check cashing services, non-bank remittances, payday loans,
rent-to-own services, pawn shops, or refund anticipation loans (RALs) in
the past 12 months.
3
Fully banked households may have used AFS more than a year ago or
may currently use types of AFS not included in this survey. Based on the
banking status classification used in this report, fully banked households
are the most engaged in the financial mainstream. However, there are still
opportunities to improve the quality and sustainability of banking relationships for some of the fully banked households (e.g., expanding the use of
savings accounts or bank credit products).

2011 FDIC National Survey

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In addition, unbanked adults may also reside in other households. This
is a lower-bound estimate of the number of unbanked adults in the United
States because it is based on the assumption that all adults residing in a
“banked” household are banked. A banked household may contain one or
more unbanked adults; these unbanked adults residing in banked households are not included in the 17.6 million adults number cited in this report.
Adults are defined as persons aged 16 and older.
5
All reported differences resulting from direct comparisons described in
the text are statistically significant at the 10 percent level unless otherwise noted.
6
This is an upper-bound estimate of the total number of underbanked
adults in the United States because it is based on the assumption that all
adults residing in an underbanked household are underbanked. However,
an underbanked household may contain one or more adults who are not
underbanked.
7
Revisions made to the 2011 survey instrument led to changes in the
definition of an underbanked household. Specifically, the inclusion of
questions regarding households’ use of non-bank remittances in 2011 and
changes to the questions regarding the time frames during which households used AFS make it impossible to directly compare underbanked estimates across years.
4

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Figure 1.1 2011 Banking Status of US
Households (Percent)
Banked, but
Underbanked
Status Unknown*,
2.9
Fully Banked, 68.8
Unbanked, 8.2

Underbanked,
20.1

Notes: Percentages are based on 120.4 million US households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
* These households are banked, but there is not enough information to determine if they are underbanked.

Figure 1.2 2011 US Households by Account
Type (Percent)
Savings Account
Only, 2.0

Checking and
Savings Accounts,
67.2

Checking Account
Only, 21.1

Banked but
Unknown Type, 1.5
Unbanked, 8.2
Notes: Percentages are based on 120.4 million US households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Unbanked and Underbanked Households
Unbanked and underbanked households are not homogeneous populations. On the contrary, these groups have
diverse demographic characteristics, past banking experiences, reasons for not holding an account, and future
banking plans.
The highest unbanked and underbanked rates are found
among non-Asian minorities, lower-income households,
younger households, and unemployed households.8 Close
to half of all households in these groups are unbanked or
underbanked compared to slightly more than one-quarter
of all households. Relative to 2009, the estimated
unbanked rates in 2011 are essentially unchanged for most
groups.9
The demographic characteristics of a household, such as race, age,
education, and employment, are taken to be those of the owner or renter
of the home (i.e., “householder”), unless the characteristic is one defined
at the household level, such as income or household type. For convenience, some abbreviated language will be used to refer to the demographic characteristics of households. For example, the term “black
household” refers to a household for which the householder has been
identified as black. Note that other members of a household could have
different characteristics from those of the householder. For instance, an
unemployed household is defined as a household whose householder is
unemployed, but other household members could be employed and earning income. The income measures included in this report reflect the
income earned by all household members and not only the householder.
9
Reported differences between groups described in the text do not
account for other geographic or demographic factors that may also
contribute to the disparities.
8

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Table 1.1 Banking Status for Select Demographic Groups
Select Demographic
Groups

Percent
Percent
Percent
Fully
Unbanked Underbanked Banked

All households
Blacks
Foreign-born non-citizens
Households experiencing
unemployment
Lower-income households (less
than $15,000)
Unmarried female family
households*
Hispanics
Households with householders
under age 24

8.2
21.4
22.2

20.1
33.9
28.9

68.8
41.6
45.8

22.5

28.0

47.5

28.2

21.6

47.6

19.1
20.1

29.5
28.6

48.4
48.7

17.4

31.0

49.7

* The Census Bureau classifies households into different household types. For example, a family
household is a household that includes two or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption and
residing together, along with any unrelated people who may be residing there. Single mothers are an
example of female family households. For more detail, refer to the Technical Note (Appendix E).

Comparing the demographic composition of unbanked,
underbanked, and fully banked households shows stark
differences between these groups. The same demographic
groups are generally overrepresented among both
unbanked and underbanked households. However, on
many measures, such as employment and income, underbanked households are more similar to fully banked households than to unbanked households.
Among unbanked households, slightly more than half
have never had a bank account. Relatively high proportions of Hispanic (14.7 percent) and foreign-born noncitizen households (18.9 percent) have never had an
account.
The most common reasons why households report they do
not have bank accounts are that they feel they do not
have enough money for an account, or they do not need
or want one. Households that have previously had an
account are less likely to report that they do not need or
want an account relative to those that have never had
one.
Certain segments of the unbanked population are more
inclined to open an account. While most unbanked
households report that they are not likely to open an
account in the future, one-third (33.9 percent) report they
are “very likely” or “somewhat likely” to do so. Among
unbanked households more likely to want to open a bank
account in the future are those that were previously
banked or that became unbanked within the last year, as
well as those individuals who are younger, unemployed,
have some college education, or are in family households
headed by an unmarried woman. The likelihood of opening a bank account also increases with AFS use and with
the use of a payroll card or a prepaid debit card.

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Use of Alternative Financial Services and Prepaid
Debit Cards
About 25 percent of households, including all underbanked households and 64.9 percent of unbanked households, have used AFS in the last year. The use of both
transaction and credit AFS became more widespread
between 2009 and 2011, with higher proportions of households reporting having used either product.
AFS transaction products (i.e., non-bank money orders,
non-bank check cashing, and non-bank remittances) are
considerably more widely used than AFS credit products
(i.e., payday loans, pawn shops, rent-to-own stores, and
refund anticipation loans). In the last year, 23.3 percent of
households used transaction AFS and 6.0 percent used
AFS credit products.
The relationship between household banking status and
AFS use is complex. A non-trivial share of unbanked
households (29.5 percent) do not use any of the AFS
providers asked about in the survey, suggesting they rely
primarily on cash. However, overall, unbanked households
are more active AFS users than underbanked households.
Unbanked households are more likely to use multiple
products and to have used AFS, particularly transaction
products, more recently and more frequently than underbanked households. The use of AFS credit products does
not differ markedly between unbanked and underbanked
households, except for payday lending, which typically
requires a bank account, making it more prevalent among
the underbanked.
Unbanked and underbanked households value the convenience of transaction AFS and perceive AFS credit to be
easier to obtain than bank credit. The most common
reason households use transaction AFS is convenience,
while the main reason households use AFS credit products
is because they are easier or faster to obtain than bank
credit. The main reason many unbanked households use
AFS providers for transaction services is because they do
not have a bank account. Among underbanked households, the ability to get money faster and the perceived
lower cost of non-bank money orders were also common
reasons for using AFS providers.
Although not considered AFS in this survey, prepaid debit
cards continue to be more widely used among the
unbanked and underbanked than among fully banked
households. With one in ten households reporting use of a
prepaid debit card, overall use of the product appears to be
relatively stable from 2009. However, the proportion of
unbanked households that have used a prepaid debit card
climbed from 12.2 percent to 17.8 percent in 2011, with
no significant change among the underbanked.

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Implications
The survey results presented in this report suggest four
lessons for policymakers, financial institutions, and other
stakeholders working to improve access to financial
services.
1. Understanding the characteristics of different
segments of the unbanked and underbanked populations
might increase the efficacy of economic inclusion strategies. Different subgroups among unbanked and underbanked households have different characteristics and
varying levels of demand for banking services. Understanding these differences could lead to the development
of products and strategies that more effectively engage
these households. For example, economic inclusion strategies that target unbanked Hispanic households might
consider that this group includes two distinct segments
with starkly different financial services behavior. One
substantial segment (29.6 percent) of this group does not
use any financial services from bank or non-bank providers, while another uses AFS more actively than any other
ethnic or racial group: 51.8 percent of unbanked Hispanics used AFS in the last 30 days, including almost a quarter (22.5 percent) who used two or more AFS in that
period. In contrast, among other unbanked segments, only
about 43 percent of white or black households used AFS
in the last 30 days and about 14 percent used two or more
in that time frame.
In many cases, underbanked households, and particularly
unbanked households, face challenging economic circumstances, such as unemployment. Understanding these
families’ varying situations could help drive collaborative
efforts between financial institutions and public and
private entities that serve other needs of this population
(e.g., employment or social services agencies).
2. Having a bank account does not guarantee long-term
participation in the banking system. Households can and
do cycle in and out the banking system over time. For
example, nearly half of unbanked households had an
account in the past, and nearly half (48.2 percent) of
these report that they are likely to join the banking system
again in the future. Also, almost a quarter of fully banked
households have used AFS in the past and could have
been considered underbanked at that time. Economic
inclusion efforts require not only banking the unbanked,
but also retaining and better engaging current bank
customers to prevent them from becoming unbanked or
underbanked. The offering of low-cost deposit accounts
with transparent fee structures could play an important
role in this effort.
3. Households with banking experience appear to have
more positive perceptions of having an account and rely
less on AFS. Unbanked households that previously had a

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relationship with a financial institution are more likely to
see value in having a bank account than unbanked households without this relationship. Previously banked households are more likely to want to open an account in the
future and less likely to say that the main reason they are
unbanked is because they “do not want or need an
account.”
In addition, survey results show that households that have
an account, particularly a checking account, tend to use
transaction AFS less actively than those that do not have
a checking account. On average, unbanked households are
more active transaction AFS users than the underbanked.
Even among underbanked households, those that only
have a savings account are more active transaction AFS
users than underbanked households that have a checking
account.
4. Financial institutions interested in pursuing the
market opportunity that AFS users present might need
to more clearly demonstrate the value in having a bank
account to AFS users who perceive non-bank financial
services to be more convenient, faster, less expensive, or
to present lower barriers to qualification. For example,
banks might find it useful to promote mobile technology
to increase convenience, thereby addressing the most
commonly reported reason households use non-bank
check cashers. In addition, for the notable share of
unbanked and underbanked consumers who cited speed as
a reason for using non-bank check cashing, efforts toward
expediting the availability of deposited funds might make
deposit accounts more appealing. Making affordable smalldollar loans available with streamlined but solid underwriting could help attract consumers who currently rely
on credit AFS.

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II. Background and
Objectives

surveys, including estimating the size and worth of the
unbanked market in the United States and identifying the
primary issues that prevent unbanked individuals from
establishing conventional accounts.

A. Background
Access to an account at a federally insured institution
provides households with the opportunity to conduct basic
financial transactions, save for emergency and long-term
security needs, and access credit on fair and affordable
terms. Participation in the banking system also protects
households from theft and reduces their vulnerability to
discriminatory or predatory lending practices. Despite
these benefits, many people, particularly low-to-moderate
income households, do not access mainstream financial
products such as bank accounts and low-cost loans. Other
households have access to a bank account, but nevertheless rely on non-bank financial services providers for many
reasons. These households may incur higher costs for
transaction and credit products and services, be more
vulnerable to loss or struggle to build credit histories and
achieve financial security. In addition, households that
use non-bank financial services providers do not receive
the full range of consumer protections available through
the banking system.
The FDIC is committed to expanding economic inclusion
in the financial mainstream by ensuring that all Americans have access to safe, secure, and affordable banking
services. As part of this effort, the FDIC is working to fill
the research and data gap regarding household participation in mainstream banking and the use of non-bank
financial services. Every two years, the FDIC conducts the
National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households (household survey). This survey estimates the
proportions of households that do not participate in the
banking system (unbanked households) and that have a
relationship with a federally insured institution but also
rely on alternative financial services (AFS) providers
(underbanked households). The FDIC also conducts the
Survey of Banks’ Efforts to Serve the Unbanked and
Underbanked (bank survey) to identify the products,
services, and outreach strategies banks use to serve
unbanked and underbanked households.
The household and bank surveys are key components of
the FDIC’s efforts to comply with the Federal Deposit
Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005
(Pub. L. 109–173), which calls for the FDIC to conduct
ongoing surveys, “on efforts by insured depository institutions to bring those individuals and families who have
rarely, if ever, held a checking account, a savings account
or other type of transaction or check cashing account at
an insured depository institution (‘unbanked’) into the
conventional finance system.” The law further instructs
the FDIC to consider several factors when conducting the
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

The FDIC conducts the household survey in partnership
with the US Census Bureau. The FDIC sponsors a special
supplement on unbanked and underbanked households
that is administered in conjunction with Census Bureau’s
Current Population Survey (CPS).
The first household survey was conducted in January
2009, and the results were released to the public in
December 2009. The release of the 2009 survey represented the first time consistent and comparable data on
unbanked and underbanked households were available at
the national, state, and large metropolitan statistical area
(MSA) levels. Teamed with the rich demographic and
geographic data available through the CPS, the survey
provides a wealth of information regarding household
banking status and banking decisions.
This report presents the results of the second FDIC
National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households, which was conducted in June 2011. The household
survey collects data on the proportions of US households
that are unbanked and underbanked, their demographic
characteristics, and their reasons for not participating fully
in the financial mainstream. The Census Bureau surveyed
approximately 54,000 households, and about 44,900 (84
percent) participated in the FDIC-sponsored supplement
survey (see FDIC Technical Note in Appendix D for additional details). All numerical results that appear in this
report, such as the total number of unbanked households
(or the percentage of all households that are unbanked),
are population estimates rather than direct measurements.
For brevity of presentation, qualifying text such as “an
estimated” is generally not used.
The results of this survey complement other FDIC efforts
and initiatives to increase sustainable and safe access to
the financial mainstream.10 Shortly after the release of this
report, the Census Bureau will make the data collected in
the survey publicly available. Additional information
related to the survey effort and results are presented at
www.economicinclusion.gov. The FDIC encourages
researchers, policymakers, consumer and community
groups, and financial institutions to use the publicly available data to improve understanding of the issues and challenges underserved households perceive when deciding
how and where to conduct financial transactions. The
information provided in this report, as well as future analysis produced with the publicly available data, will
Information about other economic inclusion efforts undertaken by the
FDIC, including the Survey of Banks’ Effort to Serve the Unbanked and
Underbanked, can be found at www.economicinclusion.gov.
10

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contribute to efforts to create sustainable banking opportunities for a broad set of consumers.

B. What’s New in the 2011 Survey
Revisions to the 2009 Estimates
The 2009 survey results presented in this report are
revised, but are not materially different from the estimates
published in the December 2009 report. To be consistent
with the 2011 survey, the revised 2009 estimates reflect a
change in how survey respondents are defined. In the
2009 report, any household whose respondent reported
whether the household had a checking or a savings
account was considered a survey respondent. In 2011, a
respondent must also have reported that he or she is
involved in the household’s finances in order to be considered a survey respondent.

households use AFS are not directly comparable across
years. However, estimates of unbanked households, previous banking history of unbanked households, the likelihood that unbanked households will open an account in
the future, and the proportions of households that have
ever used the specific AFS included in 2009 are comparable across years.

The change in the definition of survey respondent affects
a small proportion of the 2009 respondents (1.5 percent of
households) who reported that they did not participate in
their household finances, or did not report their level of
involvement with their household finances. In the 2009
survey, these households were classified as missing/
unknown when calculating all estimates, other than the
estimate of unbanked households. In the revised 2009 estimates, these households are considered non-respondents,
and sample weights are adjusted accordingly. The effect of
this revision did not change the general findings presented
in the 2009 report.

Revisions to the 2011 Survey Instrument
The 2011 survey instrument is similar to the 2009 survey.
However, a few important changes were made to cover a
broader array of non-bank financial services, and to
improve and streamline data collection. Most notably, the
2011 survey added non-bank remittances as AFS covered
in the survey and revised questions related to the timeframes during which households used AFS. The revisions
to the 2011 survey also streamlined the questions about
the reasons households do not have a bank account.
Finally, the 2011 survey collected information regarding
the types of accounts held by each member of a household. The changes in the survey instrument allowed for a
revised definition of an underbanked household to be used
in 2011; details about this new definition can be found on
Box 2 on page 18, and a detailed summary of all of the
revisions to the instrument is provided in Appendix F.
Differences between the surveys make it difficult or impossible to compare certain 2009 and 2011 estimates. Specifically, estimates of underbanked households, the reasons
households are unbanked, the reasons unbanked households would open an account in the future, the timeframes
during which households used AFS, and the reasons
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III. Banking Status
of US Households

used non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing
services, non-bank remittances, payday loans, rent-to-own
services, pawn shops, or refund anticipation loans (RALs)
in the last 12 months.

The 2011 survey results show that 8.2 percent of
US households are unbanked, up from 7.6 percent
in 2009. An additional 20.1 percent of US households are underbanked. Consistent with 2009,
groups that are more likely to be unbanked and
underbanked include non-Asian minorities, foreignborn non-citizens, unmarried families, less educated
households, younger households, unemployed households, non-homeowners, and lower-income
households.

Overall, at least 28.3 percent of US households are either
unbanked or underbanked and may benefit from becoming
more engaged in the financial mainstream (see Table 3.1).
Opportunities exist for banks to provide accounts to those
households that currently do not have one and to provide
financial products and services that alternative financial
services providers currently supply.
Box 1 – 2011 Person-Level Estimates

A. Top Level Results

In 2011, about 17.1 million adults (7.3 percent of
adults) resided in unbanked households and 51
million (21.7 percent of adults) in underbanked
households. It is also possible to calculate the proportion of adults in the United States who do not have a
bank account, regardless of the banking status of their
household. The proportion of US adults that do not
have a bank account is 20.5 percent. However, this
report focuses on household-level rather than personlevel estimates since one account can help meet the
financial needs of more than one person in a
household.

In 2011, an estimated 8.2 percent of households in the
United States did not have a bank account (i.e., they were
“unbanked”). This proportion represents approximately
9.9 million households. About 17.1 million adults (7.3
percent of all adults) and 9 million children under age 15
(13.6 percent of all children) reside in these unbanked
households. For the purposes of this report, households are
identified as “unbanked” if they answered “no” to the
question, “Do you or does anyone in your household
currently have a checking or savings account?” (see Figure
3.1).
Figure 3.1 2011 Banking Status of US
Households (Percent)
Banked, but
Underbanked
Status Unknown*,
2.9
Fully Banked, 68.8

Unbanked, 8.2

Relative to 2009, the proportion of US households that
are unbanked has increased. In 2009, 7.6 percent of
households were unbanked compared with 8.2 percent in
2011.12 The estimated 0.6 percentage point increase in the
national unbanked rate represents more than 821,000
additional unbanked households.13
Table 3.1 Banking Status of US Households 2009-2011
2009

2011

Households

Households

Underbanked, 20.1

Banking Status

Notes: Percentages are based on 120.4 million US households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
* These households are banked, but there is not enough information to determine if they are underbanked.

Another 20.1 percent of US households (or 24 million
households) are “underbanked,” meaning that they have a
bank account but also rely on alternative financial services
(AFS). Altogether, an estimated 51 million adults (21.7
percent of adults) and 16.6 million children (25.1 percent
of children) reside in underbanked households11 (see
Table 3.1 and Box 1). Another 2.9 percent of households
are banked, but information about their use of AFS is
insufficient to determine whether they are underbanked.
Underbanked households are defined as those households
that have a checking or savings account or both, and had
11

See footnotes 4 and 6 about person-level counts.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

All US Households
Unbanked
Underbanked*
Fully Banked*
Underbanked Status Unknown*

(Millions) Percent (Millions) Percent
119.0
9.1
21.7
84.9
3.3

*Estimates not directly comparable across years.

100.0
7.6
18.2
71.4
2.8

120.4
9.9
24.2
82.8
3.5

100.0
8.2
20.1
68.8
2.9

In 2009, 18.2 percent of households (21.7 million) were
underbanked. Due to changes in the definition of an
underbanked household in 2011, the 2009 estimate and
This comparison reflects revised 2009 estimates, based on a new definition of survey respondent used in 2011, that differ from those published
in the 2009 report. See Background (page 9) for more information.
13
Of the increase of 821,000 unbanked households, approximately 108,000
additional households can be attributed to population growth between
2009 and 2011, and the remaining 712,000 can be explained by the
increase in unbanked rate.
12

Underbanked Households • September 2012

10

the 2011 estimate of 20.1 percent are not directly comparable (see Box 2 on page 18). However, among banked
households, AFS use (excluding RALs and remittances)
has increased.14

Types of Bank Accounts
For the first time, the 2011 survey questionnaire asked
about the specific types of bank accounts—checking and
savings—held by each household member. The large
majority of US households (at least 88.5 percent) have a
checking account (meaning that at least one person in the
household has a checking account). Savings accounts are
less prevalent than checking accounts. Only 69.2 percent
of households have a savings account, meaning almost
one-third of US households do not.
Figure 3.2 2011 US Households by Account
Type (Percent)
Savings Account
Only, 2.0

Checking and
Savings Accounts,
67.2

Checking Account
Only, 21.1

Banked but
Unknown Type, 1.5

types of accounts (62.5 percent) compared with fully
banked households (77.1 percent). In addition, almost one
in three (31.2 percent) underbanked households have
only a checking account but not a savings account,
compared with 20.7 percent of fully banked households.

B. Unbanked and Underbanked Rates by Region
and State
Between 2009 and 2011, there were statistically significant increases in the proportion of unbanked households
in three states, and no state experienced a significant
decrease. The proportion of banked households that used
AFS (excluding RALs and remittances) increased in eight
states and decreased in two. The South continues to have
the highest proportions of unbanked and underbanked
households.
Unbanked rates vary geographically. The South has the
highest incidence of unbanked households at 10.0 percent.
This region is home to 37.3 percent of US households, but
45.5 percent of all unbanked households in the country
reside there.15 The Midwest and Northeast have the
lowest unbanked rates, at 7.1 percent. Notably, the
Midwest, which had the lowest unbanked rate in 2009 at
6.1 percent, experienced the largest increase in the
proportion of unbanked households (see Figure 3.3).
Figure 3.3 2011 US Households Banking
Status by Census Region

Unbanked, 8.2
Notes: Percentages are based on 120.4 million US households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Fully Banked

Underbanked

3.1

Unbanked

3.1

Banked but Underbanked Status Unknown

2.9

2.7

Most households that have a savings account also have a
checking account; more than two-thirds of households
(67.2 percent) have both a savings and a checking
account, while only 2.0 percent of households have a
savings account but not a checking account. It is more
common for households to have a checking account and
not a savings account: more than one in five households
(21.1 percent) have a checking account only (see Figure
3.2).

Percentage of Households

100

Among underbanked households that, by definition, have
at least one type of bank account, almost all (93.9
percent) have a checking account. Underbanked households are less likely to have a savings account (67.8
percent) than fully banked households (78.4 percent).
Underbanked households are also less likely to have both

Figure 3.4A illustrates that state-level household
unbanked rates vary widely, from 1.9 percent in New
Hampshire to 15.1 percent in Mississippi. Between 2009
and 2011, the proportion of households that are unbanked

90
80

7.1

7.1

17.9

17.7

72.0

72.0

7.2

10.0

19.0

23.2

70
60
50
40

70.9

64.1

30
20
10
0

Northeast

Midwest

South

West

The US Census Bureau classifies the United States into four regions.
The Northeast region comprises Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and
Vermont; the Midwest region comprises Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; the South region comprises Alabama, Arkansas,
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; the West region is composed of
Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
15

The proportion of households with bank accounts that used AFS
(excluding RALs and remittances) in the last year increased by 0.9
percentage points between 2009 and 2011. RAL and remittance use are
excluded from this comparison because the data collected on these AFS
products are not comparable between surveys. The AFS included in this
comparison are: nonbank check cashing, non-bank money orders, payday
lenders, pawn shops, and rent-to-own stores. Since the 2011 survey asked
about the timing for using the AFS somewhat differently from the 2009
survey, these estimates are still not strictly comparable, even after
excluding RALs and remittances from the calculations.
14

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

11

increased by a statistically significant amount in three
states: West Virginia (3.4 percentage points), Wyoming
(2.3 percentage points), and Minnesota (1.6 percentage
points). Unbanked rates also appear to have increased
considerably in other states, such as Arizona (4.0 percentage points), Louisiana (3.0 percentage points), Arkansas
(2.1 percentage points), Ohio (1.9 percentage points), and
Virginia (1.8 percentage points), but the changes were not
statistically significant. The proportion of unbanked
households appears to have declined in several states,
although the decreases were not statistically significant:
Kentucky (2.1 percentage points), Alabama (1.7 percentage points), and Oregon (1.6 percentage points) (see
Appendix Table C-3).
Similar to unbanked rates, household underbanked rates
vary by geographic region (see Figure 3.4B). The South,
which has the highest proportion of unbanked households,
also has the highest proportion of underbanked households (23.2 percent), followed by the West (19.0 percent),
the Northeast (17.9 percent), and Midwest (17.7 percent).
Of all underbanked households in the United States, 43.1
percent live in the South, while just one in five (21.0
percent) live in the West.
Underbanked rates also vary considerably by state, ranging
from 12.5 percent in New Hampshire to 31.2 percent in
Nevada (see Figure 3.4B and Appendix Table C-4). As
previously noted, 2011 and 2009 underbanked estimates
are not comparable because of changes in the survey.16
However, AFS use (excluding RALs and remittances)
among banked households increased. Specifically, the
proportion of households that used AFS in the last 12
months increased in eight states: Alabama, Nevada,
Arkansas, Georgia, New Jersey, South Dakota, Vermont,
and Rhode Island, and decreased in Alaska and in the
District of Columbia.17

See Box 2 on page 18.
This analysis is based on the measure of AFS use that excludes use of
non-bank remittances and RALs, as discussed in footnote 14.
16
17

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

12

Figure 3.4A Unbanked Rates by State

Figure 3.4B Underbanked Rates by State

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

13

IV. Banking Status and
Account Type Ownership
by Demographic Groups
Some of the highest unbanked rates are found
among non-Asian minority households, lower
income households, households headed by younger
householders, and households experiencing unemployment. These groups are also some of the demographic groups with the highest concentrations of
underbanked households. The types of bank
accounts households own also vary with householders’ demographic characteristics. While over twothirds (67.2 percent) of US households have both
checking and savings accounts, the proportion of
households with both types of accounts is much
lower among non-Asian minorities, lower-income
households and less educated households. Underbanked households are less likely than fully banked
households to have both savings and checking
accounts.

Unbanked rates generally decrease with increasing age and
income. Among the youngest households (those with
householders under age 24), 17.4 percent are unbanked.
The proportion of unbanked households is lower, at 12.7
percent, for households between age 25 and age 34, and it
continues to decline across older age categories. Unbanked
rates also decline sharply with income. Almost three in
ten households (28.2 percent) with annual income below
$15,000 do not have a bank account, while about one in
ten households (11.7 percent) with income between
$15,000 and $30,000 are unbanked. Still, almost half
(47.6 percent) of households with income below $15,000
are fully banked (see Figures 4.2 and 4.3).

A. Which Groups Have Higher Proportions of
Unbanked Households?
The proportion of unbanked households varies by demographic characteristics (see Table 4.1).18 Unbanked rates
are higher among non-Asian minority households than
other racial and ethnic groups. Black (21.4 percent),
Hispanic (20.1 percent), and American Indian (14.5
percent) households have the largest proportions of
unbanked households. In contrast, much smaller proportions of white and Asian households (4.0 percent and 2.7
percent, respectively) are unbanked (see Figure 4.1).
Unbanked households are also disproportionately represented among foreign-born non-citizens (22.2 percent)
and households where Spanish is the only language
spoken (36.9 percent).

30

Figure 4.1 Unbanked Households by Race
and Ethnicity
2009

2011

Percentage of Households

25

21.5 21.4
19.2

20

20.1
15.3 14.5

15

10

2011 National
Estimate: 8.2%

9.0

7.6 8.2

6.2
3.3 4.0

5

0

18

All

Black

Hispanic

American
Hawaiian/Pacific
Indian/Alaskan
Islander

White

3.5

2.7

Asian

See footnote 8.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

14

Table 4.1. 2011 Household Banking Status by Demographic Characteristics
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Household Characteristic
All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Non-family household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not the only language spoken
Spanish is the only language spoken
Nativity
US-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not Inside principal city
Not Identified
Not in metropolitan area
Not Identified

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

120,408

100.0

9,875

8.2

24,199

20.1

82,830

68.8

3,504

2.9

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

65.5
12.9
4.7
47.8
34.4
18.0
16.4
0.1

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,960
1,702
2,258
11

7.5
19.1
14.3
3.7
9.5
7.8
11.4
10.9

16,931
4,598
1,662
10,671
7,239
3,359
3,880
29

21.5
29.5
29.4
18.5
17.5
15.5
19.6
28.6

53,797
7,544
3,006
43,247
28,978
15,868
13,110
55

68.2
48.4
53.1
75.1
69.9
73.2
66.2
53.5

2,194
462
186
1,545
1,303
760
543
7

2.8
3.0
3.3
2.7
3.1
3.5
2.7
7.0

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
23

13.3
11.4
4.1
1.2
0.2
69.8
-

3,430
2,762
134
202
17
3,330
NA

21.4
20.1
2.7
14.5
6.2
4.0
NA

5,441
3,927
825
372
81
13,551
NA

33.9
28.6
16.6
26.8
30.2
16.1
NA

6,672
6,677
3,844
765
168
64,690
NA

41.6
48.7
77.1
55.1
62.9
77.0
NA

503
344
182
50
2
2,417
NA

3.1
2.5
3.6
3.6
0.7
2.9
NA

117,940
2,467

98.0
2.0

8,965
910

7.6
36.9

23,496
703

19.9
28.5

82,018
812

69.5
32.9

3,462
41

2.9
1.7

104,143
8,380
7,885

86.5
7.0
6.5

7,673
453
1,750

7.4
5.4
22.2

20,038
1,880
2,282

19.2
22.4
28.9

73,435
5,783
3,612

70.5
69.0
45.8

2,998
264
241

2.9
3.2
3.1

6,299
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

5.2
16.9
17.8
20.5
18.3
21.3

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

17.4
12.7
9.3
8.1
5.5
3.9

1,955
4,993
4,918
5,336
4,064
2,933

31.0
24.5
23.0
21.6
18.4
11.4

3,129
12,286
13,996
16,553
16,132
20,733

49.7
60.3
65.4
67.1
73.2
80.9

121
509
506
766
638
963

1.9
2.5
2.4
3.1
2.9
3.8

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

11.9
28.6
28.2
31.2

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

25.8
10.9
5.9
1.1

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

24.5
22.2
22.6
14.3

6,677
21,969
23,388
30,796

46.6
63.7
68.8
81.9

443
1,090
944
1,026

3.1
3.2
2.8
2.7

72,580
6,779
41,049

60.3
5.6
34.1

3,818
1,525
4,532

5.3
22.5
11.0

15,515
1,899
6,786

21.4
28.0
16.5

51,294
3,218
28,318

70.7
47.5
69.0

1,953
137
1,414

2.7
2.0
3.4

19,541
22,073
24,787
21,975
32,032

16.2
18.3
20.6
18.3
26.6

5,510
2,581
1,221
431
132

28.2
11.7
4.9
2.0
0.4

4,225
5,628
5,787
4,142
4,418

21.6
25.5
23.3
18.9
13.8

9,299
13,134
17,015
16,757
26,624

47.6
59.5
68.6
76.3
83.1

507
730
764
644
857

2.6
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7

79,144
41,264

65.7
34.3

2,238
7,637

2.8
18.5

12,590
11,610

15.9
28.1

61,833
20,996

78.1
50.9

2,483
1,021

3.1
2.5

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

18.1
22.3
37.3
22.3

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

7.1
7.1
10.0
7.2

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

17.9
17.7
23.2
19.0

15,675
19,379
28,772
19,005

72.0
72.0
64.1
70.9

664
828
1,226
784

3.0
3.1
2.7
2.9

100,311
33,636
49,548
17,127
19,193
903

83.3
27.9
41.2
14.2
15.9
0.8

8,029
4,066
2,754
1,209
1,764
83

8.0
12.1
5.6
7.1
9.2
9.2

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367
3,857
276

20.0
22.3
18.6
19.7
20.1
30.6

69,203
21,111
36,057
12,034
13,096
531

69.0
62.8
72.8
70.3
68.2
58.8

3,014
974
1,523
516
477
13

3.0
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.5
1.5

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

15

Unbanked households are also disproportionately represented among less educated households (25.8 percent of
those with a householder without a high school degree),
unemployed households (22.5 percent), and non-homeowners (18.5 percent) (see Figures 4.5 and 4.6).

Figure 4.2 Unbanked Households by Age
30

20

15.7

2009

17.4

15

11.7
10

7.6

2011

Figure 4.5 Unbanked Households
by Education

12.7
8.9

8.2

8.9

7.5

4.8 5.5

5

0

All
Households

Age 15-24

Age 25-34

Age 35-44

30

2011 National
Estimate: 8.2%

8.1

Age 45-54

3.5 3.9

Age 55-64

Age 65+

Figure 4.3 Unbanked Households by Income

Percentage of Households

Percentage of Households

25

24.4

25

25.8
2009

2011

20

15

10

7.6

9.6

8.2

10.9

2011 National
Estimate: 8.2%
4.9

5

5.9
1.2

29.6

30

2009

25

All
Households

2011

10

13.0
7.6

11.4

2011 National
Estimate: 8.2%

8.2

25

1.5

1.4

0.3

0

All Households Less than $15K

$15K-$30K

$30K -$50K

$50K -$75K

0.2

At least $75K

Notes: In 2009, close to 15 percent of households did not have income data and were categorized as missing income. In
2011 the US Census Bureau imputed income to households with missing income information. For year to year
comparisons, households with imputed income in 2011 are categorized as missing income. Missing income is not shown in
chart.

Unmarried family households are more likely to be
unbanked than other types of family groups: 17.8 percent
of unmarried family households do not have an account.19
Notably, almost one in five unmarried female family
households (19.1 percent) do not have a bank account
compared to 14.3 percent of unmarried male family households and 3.7 percent of married families (see Figure 4.4).
Figure 4.4 Unbanked Households
by Household Type

Percentage of Households

30

25

2009

2011

19.5 19.1

20

14.8 14.3

15

10.7 11.4
10

7.6

6.6

8.2

7.8

2011 National
Estimate: 8.2%
3.5

5

3.7

0

All
Households

Unmarried Unmarried Male
Female Family
Family

High School
Degree

Some College

College Degree

30

4.5

4.1

5

No High School
Degree

Figure 4.6 Unbanked Households
by Employment Status

20

15

1.1

0

27.0

Individual
Female
Household

Individual Male
Household

Married
Couples

The Census Bureau classifies households into different household
types. For example, a family household is a household that includes two or
more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together,
along with any unrelated people who may be residing there. Single mothers are an example of female family households. For more detail, refer to
the Technical Note (Appendix E).

Percentage of Households

Percentage of Households

35

22.5

2009

2011

19.1

20

15

10

7.6

9.7

8.2

11.0

2011 National
Estimate: 8.2%
5.5

5

5.3

0

All
Households

Unemployed

Not in Labor Force

Employed

Generally, the demographic groups with higher concentrations of unbanked households were the same in both 2009
and 2011, and in many cases unbanked rates were essentially unchanged. However, for some groups, the increase
in the proportion of unbanked households was statistically
significant. The largest increases between 2009 and 2011
occurred among households that typically have high
unbanked rates, such as unemployed households (from
19.1 percent to 22.5 percent), those not in the labor force
(from 9.7 percent to 11.0 percent), and households with
annual income below $15,000 (from 27.0 percent to 29.6
percent).20 However, unbanked rates also increased among
white households (0.7 percentage points) and US-born
households (0.7 percentage points), while no statistically
significant changes in unbanked rates were found among
minorities or foreign-born households. Unbanked rates

19

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

In 2009, close to 15 percent of households did not have income data
and were categorized as missing income. In 2011, the US Census Bureau
imputed income to households with missing income information. For yearto-year comparison purposes, households with imputed income in 2011
are categorized as missing income.
20

Underbanked Households • September 2012

16

decreased only among one demographic group: households
with income between $15,000 and $30,000 (1.6 percentage points).

B. Which Groups Have Higher Proportions of
Underbanked Households?
Patterns observed among underbanked households are
fairly similar to those observed for unbanked households;
in many cases, the same demographic groups that are
disproportionately unbanked are also disproportionately
underbanked.
Underbanked households are more prevalent among nonAsian minorities: 33.9 percent of black households, 30.2
percent of Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, 28.6 percent of
Hispanics, and 26.8 percent of American Indians have a
checking or savings account or both, but also rely on
alternative financial services. In contrast, approximately
16 percent of white or Asian households are underbanked
(see Figure 4.7). These disparities generally hold when
examining underbanked households within income
segments. In addition, underbanked rates decrease with
age: almost one-third (31.0 percent) of households under
24 are underbanked, compared with only 11.4 percent of
households age 65 or older (see Figure 4.8).

Percentage of Households

35

31.0

30
24.5

25

23.0

21.6

2011 National
Estimate: 20.1%

18.4

20
15

11.4

10
5
0

Age 15-24

Age 25-34

Age 35-44

Age 45-54

Age 55-64

Age 65+

Underbanked households are also disproportionately
represented among unmarried family households (29.5
percent), households where Spanish is the only language
spoken (28.5 percent), foreign-born non-citizens (28.9
percent), less educated households (24.5 percent of households lacking a high school degree), unemployed households (28.0 percent), households with income between
$15,000 and $30,000 (25.5 percent), and non-homeowners (28.1 percent) (see Figures 4.9–4.12).
40

Figure 4.9 2011 Underbanked Households
by Household Type

35

Percentage of Households

This report generally presents univariate analysis. Other
potential factors that may be playing a role are not
accounted for when reporting differences in estimates
across segments of the population. However, it is interesting to note that in many cases, estimated differences
persist even after controlling for other potential contributing factors. For example, even among the lowest income
group (households with income less than $15,000), black
and Hispanic households have much higher unbanked
rates than Asian and white households: 46.2 percent of
low-income black households and 41.5 percent of lowincome Hispanic households are unbanked, compared
with 11.0 percent of low-income Asian households and
17.5 percent of low-income white households.

40

Figure 4.8 2011 Underbanked Households
by Age

30

29.5

29.4

25
19.6

20

2011 National
Estimate: 20.1%
18.5

15.5

15
10
5
0

Unmarried Female Unmaried Male
Family
Family

Individual Female
Household

Individual Male
Household

Married Couple

Figure 4.10 2011 Underbanked Households
by Education
40

Figure 4.7 2011 Underbanked Households
by Race and Ethnicity
40

Percentage of Households

35

33.9
30.2

30

28.6

26.8
2011 National
Estimate: 20.1%

25

20

16.6

16.1

Percentage of Households

35
30
25

24.5

22.6

2011 National
Estimate: 20.1%
14.3

15
10
5
0

No High School Degree

15

22.2

20

High School Degree

Some College

College Degree

10

5

0

Black

Hawaiian/Pacific
Islander

Hispanic

2011 FDIC National Survey

American
Indian/Alaskan

of

Unbanked

Asian

and

White

Underbanked Households • September 2012

17

40

Figure 4.12 2011 Underbanked Households
by Income

Figure 4.11 2011 Underbanked Households
by Employment Status
40
35

30

28.0

25

2011 National
Estimate: 20.1%

21.4

20

16.5

15
10
5
0

Percentage of Households

Percentage of Households

35

30
25

25.5

23.3

21.6

18.9

20

2011 National
Estimate: 20.1%
13.8

15
10
5

Unemployed

Employed

Not in Labor Force

0

Less than $15K

$15K-$30K

$30K -$50K

$50K -$75K

At least $75K

Box 2 – Revised Underbanked Definition and Year-to-Year Comparisons
The definition of an underbanked household was revised for the 2011 report, so the 2011 underbanked estimates are
not directly comparable with the 2009 estimates. In the 2011 report, underbanked households are defined as those
who used non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders, non-bank remittances, payday lending, pawn shops,
rent-to-own agreements, or refund anticipation loans (RALs) at least once in the last year. This differs from the
underbanked definition used in the 2009 report in several ways. The 2009 definition of underbanked households did
not include non-bank remittance use, as this information was not collected in the 2009 survey. The 2009 survey
also considered households that used RALs in the previous five years to be underbanked, while the 2011 definition
includes only those households that used RALs in the last year. Finally, the 2011 report defines underbanked households as those that used one of the AFS credit products or transaction services “in the last 12 months,” while in
2009 households were considered to be underbanked if they used AFS “once or twice a year” or “at least a few times
a year.”
Including the use of non-bank remittances in the 2011 definition of underbanked households increased the overall
proportion of underbanked households by 1.5 percentage points (see Table 4.2).
Table 4.2 Effect of Including Remittances on the Proportion of Underbanked Households
Contribution to Underbanked Estimate
Underbanked
Percentage

Household Type
All households
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White
US Citizen
Foreign-born naturalized citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Spanish is not the only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken

20.1
33.9
28.6
16.6
26.8
30.2
16.1
19.2
22.4
28.9
19.9
28.5

Remittances

Other AFS

1.5
2.2
5.3
6.4
0.0
6.3
0.5
0.5
7.6
8.6
1.4
9.5

18.5
31.7
23.4
10.2
26.8
23.9
15.6
18.7
14.9
20.4
18.5
19.0

The effect of including remittances in the estimate of underbanked households varies greatly among demographic
groups and has the largest effect on Hispanic and Asian minorities, foreign-born households, and households where
Spanish is the only language spoken. For Hispanics and Asians, the proportion of underbanked households increases
by 5.3 percentage points and 6.4 percentage points, respectively, when non-bank remittances are included. In
contrast, the underbanked rates increase by 0.5 percentage points for whites and 2.2 percentage points for blacks.
For foreign-born non-citizen households, the underbanked estimate increased by 8.6 percentage points to 28.9
percent; for foreign-born citizen households, the underbanked rate increased by 7.6 percentage points to 22.4
percent. Among households where only Spanish is spoken, the proportion of underbanked households rose by 9.5
percentage points, to 28.5 percent, when remittances are included.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

18

Box 2 – Revised Underbanked Definition and Year-to-Year Comparisons (continued)

It is not possible to replicate the exact 2009 underbanked definition, particularly given that the survey questions
regarding the use of RALs are different in the two surveys. In 2009, the survey asked households if they had used a
RAL in the last five years. In 2011, the survey asked whether a household had ever used a RAL and, if so, whether
it was used within the last year.
As previously noted, AFS use among households with bank accounts increased between 2009 and 2011.1 This is the
case for a number of different demographic groups, including most notably for householders under 24 and Asian
households, and households with college degrees (see Appendix Table A-10). However, there were no statistically
significant decreases in the share of banked households that used AFS (excluding RALs and non-bank remittance)
in the last year among any demographic group.
This analysis is based on a measure of AFS use that excludes non-bank remittances and RALs, see footnote 10 of the main document.

C. Bank Account Type by Demographic Group
The 2011 results also yielded useful information about the
types of accounts held by underbanked and fully banked
households and the demographic groups that are more
likely to have checking or savings accounts, or both.
Demographic groups that are less likely to have both
checking and savings accounts include non-Asian minorities, foreign-born non-citizen households, low-income
households, households headed by single or unmarried
individuals, less educated households, and unemployed
households.
Checking account ownership is widespread among US
households (at 88.5 percent), but the proportion of households that have a checking account is lower among nonAsian minority households than white or Asian
households. Black (73.3 percent) and Hispanic (75.7
percent) households, in particular, are less likely to have
checking accounts. In contrast, more than 90 percent of
Asian and white households own a checking account.
Savings account ownership is less widespread than checking account ownership. It is particularly low among
certain demographic groups (see Table 4.3). For example,
among blacks and Hispanics, the proportions of households that have a savings account are only 52.6 percent
and 51.9 percent, respectively. In comparison, about
three-quarters of Asian and white households have a
savings account (77.0 percent and 74.9 percent, respectively). And, a majority (61.0 percent) of the lowest
income households do not have a savings account,
compared with 9.4 percent of the highest income
households.

Table 4.3 Savings Account Ownership

Household Type

Percent of
Percent of
Households
Households with without a Savings
a Savings Account
Account

All Households
Underbanked
Fully Banked
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At least $75,000

69.2
67.8
78.4
52.6
51.9
77.0
61.3
71.4
74.9
37.4
56.3
69.8
80.5
89.3

29.3
31.3
20.8
45.8
46.9
21.2
36.4
26.0
23.7
61.0
42.1
28.7
18.0
9.4

Although over two-thirds (67.2 percent) of US households have both a checking and savings account, the
proportions of households holding both types of accounts
are notably lower among non-Asian minorities; less than
half of black (48.7 percent) and Hispanic (48.9 percent)
households own both a checking and a savings account. In
contrast, close to three-quarters of Asian and white households (74.9 percent and 73.4 percent, respectively) hold
both types of accounts (see Figure 4.13).21

100

Figure 4.13 2011 US Households with Both
Checking and Savings Accounts by Race
and Ethnicity

90

Percentage of Households

1

80

74.9

73.4

70

70.8
57.2

60
50

48.9

48.7

Hispanic

Black

40
30
20
10
0

Asian

White

Hawaiian/Pacific
American
Islander
Indian/Alaskan

For complete data on account ownership by demographic group, see
Appendix Table A-12.
21

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

19

Figure 4.14 US Households with Both
Checking and Savings Accounts by Income
100

88.8

Percentage of Households

90

79.6

80

68.0

70
60

53.0

50
40

32.9

30
20
10
0

Less than $15K

$15K-$30K

$30K -$50K

$50K -$75K

At least $75K

Figure 4.15 2011 US Households with Both
Checking and Savings Accounts by Education
100
90

100
90
80
70
60

64.6

67.3

68.9

70.4

67.7

55.3

50
40
30
20
10
0

15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years

65 years or
more

In general, underbanked households are less likely than
fully banked households to have both savings and checking accounts: 62.5 percent of underbanked households
compared with 77.1 percent of fully banked households.
Yet notable disparities exist among different demographic
groups. For example, more than three-quarters of underbanked Asian households (76.8 percent) and nearly twothirds of underbanked white households (65.1 percent)
have both checking and savings accounts, compare with
58.8 percent of underbanked black households. The positive correlation between income and checking and savings
account ownership is also evident among underbanked
households; the proportion of such households owning
both types of accounts ranges from 38.3 percent for households with annual income under $15,000 to 85.9 percent
for households with income of $75,000 or more.

84.5

80
Percentage of Households

Figure 4.16 2011 US Households with Both
Checking and Savings Accounts by Age

Percentage of Households

Households with higher incomes were also more likely to
have both types of bank accounts. Among households in
the highest income group (incomes above $75,000), 88.8
percent have both checking and savings accounts,
compared with a third (32.9 percent) of households with
incomes below $15,000 and 53.0 percent of households
with income between $15,000 and $30,000. The proportion of households that have checking and savings
accounts also increases markedly as education levels
increase. More than 84 percent of households with a
college degree own both types of accounts, compared with
34.9 percent of households without a high school degree
(see Figures 4.14 and 4.15).

70.8

70

58.2

60
50
40

34.9

30
20
10
0

No High School Degree

High School Degree

Some College

College Degree

The likelihood of holding both a savings and a checking
account does not appear to vary as much with householders’ age as it does with their education and income levels.
About two-thirds of households in each age group
between 25 and 65 have both checking and savings
accounts. Only among households with the youngest (age
15 to 24) householders is the proportion of households
with both checking and savings accounts somewhat lower,
at 55.3 percent (see Figure 4.16).

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

20

V. Who Are the Unbanked,
Underbanked, and Fully
Banked?
The demographic groups that are overrepresented
among unbanked households are generally also overrepresented among underbanked households, but to
a lesser degree. On many measures, underbanked
households are more similar to fully banked households than to unbanked households.

households, and only 8.1 percent of fully banked households. White households follow an opposite trend,
accounting for a third (33.7 percent) of unbanked and a
majority (56.0 percent) of underbanked households, as
well as more than three-fourths (78.1 percent) of fully
banked households.
Figure 5.1 2011 Distribution of Households by
Banking Status - Race and Ethnicity (Percent)

Unbanked
Hispanic, 28.0

A. Demographic Composition of Households by
Banking Status
Household banking status can be viewed as a continuum
from unbanked households to underbanked households to
fully banked households. The unbanked housholds, at one
end of the spectrum, have no affiliation to mainstream
banking; underbanked households, in the middle, have
bank accounts but also use AFS; and fully banked households that have not used AFS in the past year are at the
opposite end. Comparing the demographic composition of
each banking status group reveals that certain demographic groups are highly overrepresented among
unbanked households and somewhat overrepresented
among underbanked households.
It is interesting to compare the characteristics of these
three banking status groups because in many cases, the
differences between the demographic composition of
unbanked households and underbanked households are
much larger than the differences between underbanked
households and fully banked households. Understanding
the differences and similarities between the different
groups could help inform efforts to better engage
unbanked and underbanked households, and can also help
identify the challenges in establishing and strengthening
mainstream banking relationships with these consumers.

Asian, 1.4
Hawaiian/Pacific
Islander, 0.2

White, 33.7
Black, 34.7

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Underbanked
Hispanic, 16.2

Hawaiian/Pacific
Islander, 0.3

Black, 22.5
White, 56.0

Note: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Fully Banked
Hispanic, 8.1

The share of non-Asian minorities in each banking status
group declines considerably as its engagement in the
mainstream banking system increases. In particular, black
and Hispanic households are overrepresented among the
unbanked and the underbanked. Almost one-third (62.7
percent) of all unbanked households are black or
Hispanic, as are 38.7 percent of underbanked households.
In contrast, fewer than one in five (16.2 percent) fully
banked households are black or Hispanic. Black households make up more than one-third (34.7 percent) of
unbanked households, 22.5 percent of underbanked
households, and 8.1 percent of fully banked households.
Similarly, Hispanic households comprise 28.0 percent of
all unbanked households, 16.2 percent of underbanked
of

Unbanked

and

American
Indian/Alaskan,
1.5
Asian, 3.4

Race and Ethnicity (see Figure 5.1)

2011 FDIC National Survey

American
Indian/Alaskan,
2.0

American
Indian/Alaskan,
0.9
Asian, 4.6
Hawaiian/Pacific
Islander, 0.2
Black, 8.1

White, 78.1

Note: Percentages are based on 82.8 million fully banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

21

Household Type (see Figure 5.2)

Citizenship and Spanish Language (see Figure 5.3)

The proportion of unmarried female family households
declines considerably among more engaged banking status
groups, while married family household representation
increases with increased banking engagement. Unmarried
female family households make up almost one-third (30.1
percent) of unbanked households, 19.0 percent of underbanked households, and only 9.1 percent of fully banked
households. Conversely, while about one out of every five
(21.5 percent) unbanked households is married, this group
makes up 44.1 percent of underbanked households and
more than half (52.2 percent) of fully banked households.

Foreign-born non-citizens are more highly represented
among groups that are less engaged with the banking
system, and their representation declines as engagement in
the banking system increases. Of unbanked households,
17.7 percent are foreign-born non-citizens, while 9.4
percent of underbanked households and 4.4 percent of
fully banked households are foreign-born non-citizens.
Figure 5.3 2011 Distribution of Households by Banking
Status - Citizenship (Percent)

Unbanked

Figure 5.2 2011 Distribution of Households by Banking
Status - Household Type (Percent)

Foreign-born
Non-citizen,
17.7

Unbanked
Unmarried Male
Family, 8.2
Unmarried
Female Family,
30.1

Individual Female
Households, 17.2

Foreign-born
Naturalized
Citizen, 4.6

US Born, 77.7

Married Couples,
21.5

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Individual Male
Household, 22.9

Underbanked

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Unmarried Male
Family, 6.9

Foreign-born
Non-citizen, 9.4

Underbanked
Unmarried
Female Family,
19.0

Individual Female
Households, 13.9

Foreign-born
Naturalized
Citizen, 7.8
Individual Male
Household, 16.0

US Born, 82.8

Note: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Married Couples,
44.1

Fully Banked

Note: Percentages are based on 24.2 million Underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Fully Banked

US Born, 88.7

Married Couples,
52.2

Individual Female
Households, 19.2

Foreign-born
Non-citizen, 4.4

Foreign-born
Naturalized
Citizen, 7.0

Unmarried Male
Family, 3.6

Unmarried
Female Family,
9.1

Individual Male
Household, 15.8

Note: Percentages are based on 82.8 million fully banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Note: Percentages are based on 82.8 million fully banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

22

Although households that speak only Spanish make up a
small portion of the overall US population (2.0 percent),
this group represents about 9.2 percent of unbanked
households, less than 3 percent of underbanked households, and 1.0 percent of fully banked households.

Age (see Figure 5.4)
The median age of the householder increases as their
engagement in the banking system increases. The median
age of unbanked householders is between 35 and 44, while
the median age for both underbanked and fully banked
households is between 45 to 54. Among unbanked households, 37.3 percent of householders are under 35 years old,
compared to 28.7 percent of underbanked householders
and 18.6 percent of fully banked households. Householders between 15 and 24 years old comprise 11.1 percent of
unbanked households, 8.1 percent of underbanked households, and 3.8 percent of fully banked households.

Education (see Figure 5.5)

(55.8 percent) earn incomes below $15,000. Among
underbanked households, 40.8 percent earn below $30,000
a year, including 17.5 percent who earn less than $15,000.
In contrast, 27.1 percent of fully banked households earn
below $30,000 (including 11.2 percent who earn below
$15,000). Households in which the primary family
member makes more than $75,000 in annual income
comprise only 1.3 percent of unbanked households, 18.3
percent of underbanked households, and almost a third
(32.1 percent) of fully banked households. The annual
median income earned by unbanked households is under
$15,000, and is between $30,000 and $50,000 for banked
households (including the underbanked and fully banked).
Figure 5.4 2011 Distribution of Households by Banking
Status - Age (Percent)

Unbanked
Age 65+, 10.1

Age 15-24, 11.1

Age 55-64, 12.2

Higher levels of education are associated with higher
levels of banking engagement. More than three-quarters
(75.5 percent) of unbanked households do not have any
education beyond a high school degree, compared with
46.1 percent of underbanked and 34.6 percent of fully
banked households. Households with no high school
degree comprise more than one-third (37.4 percent) of
unbanked households, 14.5 percent of underbanked
households, and about 8.1 percent of fully banked households. The opposite trend is true for households with a
college education. Households with a college degree represent 4.2 percent of unbanked households, 22.2 percent of
underbanked households, and 37.2 percent of fully banked
households.

Age 25-34, 26.2

Age 45-54, 20.3

Age 35-44, 20.2
Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Underbanked
Age 65+, 12.1

Age 15-24, 8.1

Age 55-64, 16.8
Age 25-34, 20.6

Employment Status (see Figure 5.6)
Compared with other banking status groups, much higher
proportions of unbanked households are not in the labor
force (45.9 percent) or are unemployed (15.4 percent).
Unemployment levels decline considerably for underbanked households and fully banked households, to 7.8
percent and 3.9 percent, respectively. Among underbanked and fully banked households, the proportion of
employed households is similar (64.1 percent and 61.9
percent, respectively) and substantially higher than among
unbanked households (38.7 percent). About 28.0 percent
of underbanked households and more than one-third (34.2
percent) of fully banked households are not in the labor
force.

The vast majority (81.9 percent) of unbanked households
earn an annual income below $30,000. More than half
of

Unbanked

Note: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Fully Banked
Age 15-24, 3.8
Age 65+, 25.0

Age 25-34, 14.8

Age 35-44, 16.9

Age 55-64, 19.5

Household Income (see Figure 5.7)

2011 FDIC National Survey

Age 35-44, 20.3

Age 45-54, 22.1

and

Age 45-54, 20.0

Note: Percentages are based on 82.8 million fully banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

23

Figure 5.5 2011 Distribution of Households by Banking
Status - Education (Percent)

Figure 5.6 2011 Distribution of Households by Banking
Status - Employment (Percent)

Unbanked

Unbanked

College Degree,
4.2
Unemployed, 15.4

Some College,
20.3

No High School
Degree, 37.4

Not in Labor
Force, 45.9

Employed, 38.7

High School
Degree, 38.1

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Note: Percentages are based on 82.8 million fully banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Underbanked
College Degree,
22.2

Underbanked
No High School
Degree, 14.5
Employed, 64.1

Some College,
31.7

Unemployed, 7.8

High School
Degree, 31.6

Note: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Not in Labor
Force, 28.0

Note: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Fully Banked

Fully Banked

College Degree,
37.2
No High School
Degree, 8.1

Employed, 61.9
Unemployed, 3.9

High School
Degree, 26.5

Some College,
28.2

Not in Labor
Force, 34.2

Note: Percentages are based on 82.8 million fully banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Note: Percentages are based on 82.8 million fully banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

24

Figure 5.7 2011 Distribution of Households by Banking
Status - Income (Percent)

Unbanked

Geographic Area

At least $75K, 1.3
$50K -$75K, 4.4
$30K -$50K, 12.4

Less than $15K,
55.8
$15K-$30K, 26.1

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Underbanked
Less than $15K,
17.5

At least $75K,
18.3

$15K-$30K, 23.3

$50K -$75K, 17.1

$30K -$50K, 23.9

Note: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Fully Banked

Less than $15K,
11.2

At least $75K,
32.1
$15K-$30K, 15.9

$30K -$50K, 20.5
$50K -$75K, 20.2

Note: Percentages are based on 82.8 million fully banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

Homeownership Status
Although nearly two-thirds (65.7 percent) of all US
households are homeowners, homeowners account for
fewer than one-quarter (22.7 percent) of unbanked households, more than half (52.0 percent) of underbanked
households, and over three-fourths (74.7 percent) of fully
banked households. Non-homeowners represent 77.3
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

percent, 48.0 percent, and 25.3 percent of households that
are unbanked, underbanked, and fully banked,
respectively.

Unbanked

and

Larger proportions of unbanked households are located in
urban areas than other banking status groups. The largest
share of unbanked households (41.2 percent) are concentrated in urban areas, while only 30.9 percent of underbanked and a quarter (25.5 percent) of fully banked
households live in urban areas.22 In contrast, the largest
shares of households with bank accounts (underbanked
and fully banked households) reside in suburban areas
(38.1 percent and 43.5 percent, respectively).

B. Unbanked Households’ Banking History and
Reasons For Not Having a Bank Account
Slightly more than half of all unbanked households have
never had a bank account, while slightly less than half
have had an account at some point in the past. Certain
demographic groups, including Hispanics and foreign-born
non-citizens, are among the most likely to have never had
an account. The most common reasons households do not
have bank accounts are that they feel they do not have
enough money for an account or they do not need or want
an account, but households that have previously had an
account are less likely to report that they do not need or
want one.

Banking History of Unbanked Households (see
Figure 5.8)
About 3.7 percent of households are unbanked, but have
had an account in the past. These households account for
44.7 percent of unbanked households. About 4.4 percent
of all households in the United States (or the remaining
53.4 percent of unbanked households) have never had a
bank account. These estimates vary considerably across
demographic groups. For example, almost 15 percent of
Hispanic households in the United States, almost one in
five (18.9 percent) foreign-born non-citizen households,
and almost a third of households that speak only Spanish
have never had a bank account.
As a share of all US households, the proportion that have
never had an account increased by 0.7 percentage points
from 3.7 percent in 2009 to 4.4 percent in 2011. However,
the estimated share of households that previously held an
account was basically unchanged (3.7 percent in 2011,
down from 3.8 percent in 2009, a statistically insignificant
difference).
In this report, “urban” refers to areas inside a principal city within a
metropolitan area; “suburban” refers to areas in a metropolitan area, but
that are not inside a principal city; and “rural” refers to areas outside a
metropolitan area.
22

Underbanked Households • September 2012

25

As a share of unbanked households, slightly more than
half (53.4 percent) have never been banked in 2011,
compared with slightly fewer than half (48.4 percent) in
2009. Previously banked households accounted for half
(50.2 percent) of the unbanked households in 2009
compared with 44.7 percent in 2011.
Figure 5.8 2011 Previous Banking Status of
Unbanked Households (Percent)
Previously
Banked, 3.7

Unbanked, 8.2
Never-Banked,
4.4

Banked, 91.8

Previous Banking
Status Unknown,
0.1

Notes: Percentages are based on 120.4 million US households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

In 2011, the large majority (78.0 percent) of unbanked
households that previously had an account had been without one for more than a year, up from 71.1 percent in
2009. Conversely, in 2011, 20.3 percent of previously
banked households became unbanked within the last year,
compared with 28.0 percent in 2009.
Several alternative explanations were considered in an
attempt to understand why the estimated proportion of
never-banked households increased from 2009 to 2011.
For example, we examined the potential impact of
changes to the demographic composition of the United
States, and of changes to household composition. Our
preliminary results did not support either theory.23
It is notable that the increase in the proportion of
unbanked households that never held an account occurred
fairly broadly, within a variety of different socioeconomic
groups. However, the estimated increases are largest for
the following groups:
• Female family households (from 9.3 percent to 10.6
percent)
• Households with householders under age 24 (from 8.0
percent to 9.7 percent)
• Households with only a high school degree (from 4.2
percent to 5.7 percent)

There is a small probability that the observed difference is attributable
strictly to chance, due to sampling error. However, the estimated difference is statistically significant at the 1 percent level. Future research
should explore the factors that could contribute to this result. In addition,
data from future surveys should make it easier to identify and analyze
trends in banking status over time.
23

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

• Households with annual income less than $15,000
(13.0 percent to 15.6 percent)24
For most demographic groups, the proportion of previously
banked households decreased remained roughly the same,
or showed a decrease that was not statistically significant.

Reasons Why Unbanked Households Do Not
Have a Bank Account
More than half of all unbanked households do not have
an account because they do not believe they have enough
money (32.7 percent) or they do not need or want an
account (21.0 percent). These were also the most
common reasons households did not have bank accounts
in 2009, although the 2009 and 2011 surveys differed
substantially in how they asked households about their
reasons for being unbanked, which limits direct year-toyear comparability on these topics.
Reasons for Being Unbanked by Banking History
The reasons unbanked households do not have a bank
account vary between households that previously had an
account and those that have never been banked, and in
some cases differ between previously banked households
that became unbanked in the last year and those that lost
their account longer ago (see Figures 5.9 and 5.10). The
results suggest that experience with the banking system
influences the value households place on a banking
relationship.
Similar proportions of previously banked (33.2 percent)
and never-banked (32.8 percent) households report that
they don’t have a bank account because they don’t have
enough money for one; this was the most common reason
given by both groups. The second most common reason
was not needing or wanting an account, although a larger
percentage of never-banked households (26.0 percent)
cited this reason than did previously banked households
(15.6 percent). This finding implies that households that
have had a bank account in the past may place more value
on a banking relationship than those that have not.
For nearly 10 percent (9.5 percent) of previously banked
households, the main reason they do not currently have
an account is that the bank closed their account. Another
5.5 percent of previously banked households cannot open
an account because of identification (ID), credit, or banking history problems. This suggests that about 15 percent
of previously banked households may not choose to be
unbanked but face institutional barriers related to opening
or maintaining an account.
High bank account fees or minimum balance requirements
were the main obstacles to account ownership for slightly
24

See footnote 20 regarding income computation in 2009.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

26

Figure 5.9 2011 Reasons Never-Banked
Households Do Not Have a Bank Account
Do not have enough money

32.8

26.0

Do not need or want an account
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking
history problems

7.6
7.1

Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements
are too high

4.0

Previously had an account but the bank closed it

4.0

Do not know how to open or manage an account

1.5

Banks do not have convenient hours or locations

1.5
0.2

Banks do not offer the needed products or services

11.9

Other/ None of the Above

3.5

Do Not Know/ Refused

0

10

20

30

Percentage of Never-Banked Households
Note: Percentages are based on 5.3 million never-banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.

40

Figure 5.10 2011 Reasons Previously Banked
Households Do Not Have a Bank Account
33.2

Do not have enough money

15.6

Do not need or want an account
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking history
problems

5.5
8.2

Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements are
too high

7.1
9.5

Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Do not know how to open or manage an account

1.1

Banks do not have convenient hours or locations

1.4
0.7

Banks do not offer the needed products or services

14.8

Other/ None of the Above

2.7

Do Not Know/ Refused
0

10

20

30

Percentage of Previously Banked Households

40

Notes: Percentages are based on 4.4 million previously banked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

more than 5 percent of unbanked households. However,
recently unbanked households were more likely than
others to cite fees as an obstacle: more than one in ten
(11.1 percent) households that had a bank account in the
last year were currently unbanked because of high fees and
balance requirements, compared to 6.0 percent of previously banked households that had an account over a year
ago. Notably, bank account fee structures were undergoing
well-publicized transitions during the 2011 survey time-

frame, so it is not clear whether these results will hold
going forward.25
Approximately 20 percent of previously banked households that had an account within the last year say either
that they have other reasons for being unbanked, or that
none of the provided reasons apply, implying that other
factors not captured in this survey may be influencing the
behavior of recently unbanked households.
Starting primarily in the third quarter of 2011, many financial institutions
began restructuring their financial product offerings, including deposit
accounts. In some cases, institutions added new fees or requirements to
deposit accounts. The 2011 survey was implemented in June 2011 and
likely did not capture these developments in retail banking.
25

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

27

A relatively small share of unbanked households (7.5
percent) cited their dislike or lack of trust in banks as the
main reason they were unbanked. Similar proportions of
previously banked and never-banked households
mentioned trust as the main reason for not having an
account.

Finally, the reasons why households choose not to have a
bank account vary depending on where they live. More
than 37 percent of unbanked households in the Northeast
feel they do not have enough money for an account,
compared with 33.5 percent in the South and roughly 30
percent in the Midwest and West.

Reasons for Being Unbanked and Household
Characteristics

Detailed Reasons for Being Unbanked

Many reasons for being unbanked appear to be relatively
consistent among demographic groups. Not having
enough money and not needing or wanting an account are
the top reasons for not having a bank account across all
demographic groups.
Some differences exist, though. Hispanic households
appear more likely than any other demographic group to
cite ID, credit, or banking history problems as the main
obstacles to account ownership. Fewer than 5 percent of
unbanked black households and unbanked white households do not have an account because of these requirements (4.8 percent of each group), compared with 11.2
percent of Hispanic households.
In addition, unbanked foreign-born non-citizen households and unbanked households where Spanish is the only
language spoken seem particularly challenged by ID,
credit, or banking history requirements; for more than 15
percent of unbanked foreign-born non-citizen households
and 18.5 percent of households that speak only Spanish,
these account opening requirements are the main reason
they do not have an account.
Consistent with expectations, the tendency of unbanked
households to report that they do not have enough money
for an account declines with rising educational achievement, falling from 36.1 percent among unbanked households without a high school degree to 26.3 percent among
college-educated unbanked households. However, similar
proportions of households across all education groups say
they do not need or want an account. As income
increases, unbanked households seem less likely to not
have an account because they do not have enough money.

Among the 5.4 percent of unbanked household that
choose not to have an account because of high fees or
balance requirements, the most common reason for being
unbanked is high service charges (40.6 percent), followed
by high minimum balance requirements (31.6 percent).
Unexpected fees, such as overdraft charges, were the least
common reason (24.5 percent) cited. However, this
measurement does not include the 6.4 percent of
unbanked households that had their account closed by the
bank, almost half (45.8 percent) of which had their
account closed because of overdrafts or bounced checks.
Among the 6.6 percent of unbanked households that do
not have an account because of ID, credit, or banking
history problems, the most common reason for not having
an account is lack of ID (37.8 percent). A larger share of
households that never had an account have challenges
with ID or credit or banking history (58.2 percent, data
not shown in tables) than those that previously had an
account (5.2 percent, data not shown in tables).
Among the small group of unbanked households that find
banks “too inconvenient” (1.4 percent), inconvenient
hours are more of an obstacle than inconvenient locations
(55.9 percent compared with 39.4 percent).
About 7.5 percent of unbanked households do not have
an account because they do not like dealing with or do
not trust banks. Among these household, 59.4 percent do
not trust banks and another 20.4 percent do not feel
welcome or comfortable at banks, while only 3.7 percent
said language barriers were a challenge (14.8 percent had
“other” reasons).

Not having enough money for an account seems to be a
particularly important obstacle to account ownership for
unemployed households; for slightly fewer than half (46.5
percent) of unbanked unemployed households, lack of
money is the main reason they do not have an account
(compared with 27.2 percent of unbanked employed
households and 32.9 percent of those not in the labor
force). This, and the fact that only 12 percent of
unbanked unemployed households do not have an account
because they do not need or want one, implies that
unbanked unemployed households might be more open to
establishing banking relationships in the future.
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

28

VI. Household Use of
Alternative Financial
Services
Large proportions of US households use financial
services from AFS providers. Transaction AFS are
more widely used than AFS credit products. AFS
use is higher among younger, less educated, and
lower-income populations. In addition, female
family households and non-Asian minority households are more likely to use AFS. Households that
use transaction AFS tend to do so primarily for
convenience, while they tend to use credit products
because they feel it is easier to get money from the
AFS provider than to qualify for a bank loan.
Unbanked households are heavier AFS users than
underbanked households; the unbanked use AFS
more frequently and are more likely to use multiple
AFS products. The use of both transaction and
credit AFS products increased between 2009 and
2011.

shops, rent-to-own stores, and refund anticipation loans);
23.3 percent of households used an transaction AFS in the
last year, compared to 6.0 percent who used AFS credit
products during that time.
Most households that have used AFS have done so relatively recently. Nearly 59.3 percent of households that
have used AFS have done so within the last year, including 28.0 percent of AFS users who have used at least one
AFS product within the last 30 days. Among all households that used AFS in the last year, nearly half (47.3
percent) had done so in the last 30 days.
Figure 6.1 Timing of AFS Use for All
Households (Percent)
Never Used, 54.3

Unknown, 2.9

Last 30 Days*,
12.0

Used in the Last
Year, 25.4
Last 2-12 Months,
13.4

A. Overall Use of AFS
When households use non-bank AFS providers instead of
banks for transaction services and credit products, there is
a missed market opportunity for banks. In 2011, 42.9
percent of US households had ever used one or more of
the following types of AFS at some point in the past: nonbank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank
remittances, payday loans, pawn shops, rent-to-own stores,
or refund anticipation loans.26 More than half (54.3
percent) of all US households have never used AFS, and
AFS use is unknown for about 3 percent of households.
About one-quarter (25.4 percent) of all households have
used AFS in the last year, including 12.0 percent of households that have used AFS within the last 30 days.27 The
proportion of households that use AFS is higher among
younger, less educated, and lower-income populations, and
higher proportions of black and Hispanic households use
AFS than white households (see Figure 6.1).
Transaction AFS (non-bank money orders, non-bank
check cashing, and non-bank remittances) are more
widely used than AFS credit products (payday loans, pawn
AFS use is unknown for 1.6 percent of households, so the proportion of
households that ever used AFS is likely higher than 42.9 percent.
27
With the exception of rent-to-own agreements or RALs, households
that used AFS within the last year were asked whether they used the
product within the last 30 days. In addition, households were asked about
the number of times they used transaction AFS (i.e., non-bank money
orders, non-bank check cashing, and/or non-bank remittances in the last
30 days). “Within the last 30 days” refers to whether the respondent has
used the AFS product within 30 days of the survey month, June 2011. Such
measures of “recent use” may be affected by seasonality of AFS use, or
by recall bias.
26

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Used Over a Year
Ago, 17.4
Notes: Percentages are based on 120.4 million US households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
* The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday
loans, and pawn shops. Households were not asked whether they used rent-to-own, or RALs in the last 30 days.

B. AFS Use Among Unbanked and Underbanked
Households
Almost two-thirds (64.9 percent) of unbanked households
have used at least one AFS product in the last year, and
close to half (45.5 percent) have used AFS in the last 30
days. About 60 percent (62.1 percent) have used transaction AFS in the last year, and 16.8 percent have used AFS
credit products. A sizable minority of unbanked households (29.5 percent) have not used any AFS in the last 12
months, suggesting a reliance on cash transactions or
other informal arrangements (see Figure 6.3 and Figure
6.4).
Figure 6.3 Timing of AFS Use for Unbanked
Households (Percent)
Unknown, 5.1

Never Used, 20.6

Used in the Last
Year, 64.9

Last 30 Days*,
45.5

Last 2-12 Months,
19.4
Used Over a Year
Ago, 9.4
Notes: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
* The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday
loans, and pawn shops. Households were not asked whether they used rent-to-own, or RALs in the last 30 days.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

29

Figure 6.4 2011 Unbanked Households' Use of
AFS Products in the Last 12 Months (Percent)
Unknown*, 8.0
Did Not Use, 29.5

Transaction Only,
45.8

Credit Only, 2.7
Transaction and
Credit, 14.0

Notes: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
* "Unknown" includes: households were transaction products are used, but credit product use is unknown; households
where credit products are used but transaction product use is unknown and households where there is no indication of any
AFS use but some responses are missing.

Among unbanked households that have used AFS (so
excluding those who never used AFS), 61.2 percent have
used AFS in the last 30 days. This suggests that unbanked
households that do use AFS rely on the products
frequently.

in the last year. The proportions of each group that used
AFS in the last 30 days are more similar, at 48.7 percent
and 44.1 percent, respectively (see Figure 6.5).
In comparison, 41.2 percent of underbanked households
have used AFS in the last 30 days (the rest of the underbanked households, by definition, have used AFS in the
last year) (see Figure 6.6).
The types of AFS used by underbanked households is
illustrated in Figure 6.7. By definition, all underbanked
households have used some AFS product at least once in
the past year. A large majority (90.4 percent) have used
transaction AFS in the last year, and 23.1 percent have
used AFS credit. But, similar to the unbanked population,
roughly 14 percent of underbanked households have used
both transaction and credit AFS in the last year.

AFS use varies between unbanked households that previously had an account and those that have never been in
the banking system. Almost three-quarters (72.9 percent)
of previously banked households and 59.8 percent of
households that have never been banked have used AFS
BOX 3 – Year-to-Year Comparisons of AFS Use
A larger share of households reported having used AFS in 2011 than in 2009. In 2009, 36.3 percent of US households had used an AFS product. In 2011, if non-bank remittances are excluded to improve comparability, 40.9
percent of households had used AFS products.
The use of both transaction and credit AFS became more widespread between 2009 and 2011. The 2011 survey
finds that 39.1 percent of households had used transaction AFS (36.9 percent, excluding remittances), and 14.2
percent of households had used AFS credit products. In 2009, 32.6 percent of households had used transaction AFS
and 11.8 percent had used AFS credit products (see Figure 33).
Increases in AFS use occurred across a wide variety of demographic groups: larger proportions of households of
different ages, education levels, race/ethnicity, and family type all reported having ever used an AFS in 2011 than
in 2009.
For example, the proportion of black households that used AFS rose from 54.8 percent to 63.8 percent, and the
proportion of Hispanic households that used AFS climbed from 44.3 percent to 54.4 percent. Asian and white
households, which had relatively lower AFS usage in 2009, also saw increases—from 14.8 percent to 27.7 percent,
and 32.5 percent to 37.6 percent, respectively. However, including remittances in 2011 drove some of the increase
in the proportion of households that had ever used AFS; the impact was particularly important for certain racial/
ethnic groups. Specifically, including remittances increased the 2011 estimate of the proportion of Hispanic households that used AFS from 48.3 percent to 54.4 percent, and the proportion of Asian households that used AFS from
19.8 to 27.7 percent.
Across other demographic groups, nearly 60 percent of female family households used AFS products in 2011 (57.7
percent excluding remittances), compared with 51.6 percent in 2009. Also, in 2011, 30.5 percent of households
headed by an individual age 65 or older had used an AFS product, compared to 23.4 percent in 2009, and 54.4
percent of households age 24 or younger had used an AFS product, up from 46.2 percent in 2009. Although AFS
use remains more common among less educated households, even among highly educated households, larger shares
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

30

BOX 3 – Year-to-Year Comparisons of AFS Use (continued)

reported having used AFS in 2011. Almost one-third (32.6 percent) of households with a college degree used AFS
in 2011, up from 26.1 percent in 2009 (see Figure 6.2).
Figure 6.2 Households That Have Ever Used AFS

42.9

Ever Used AFS*

36.3

39.1

Ever Used
Transaction AFS*

2011
2009

32.6

14.2

Ever Used Credit
AFS

11.8
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Percentage of Households
* The 2011 survey added non-bank remittances as AFS covered in the survey, and revised questions related to the time
frames during which households used AFS. The 2011 and 2009 estimates and therefore not directly comparable.

100

Figure 6.5 Timing of AFS Use by Previous
Banking Status

Percentage of Unbanked Households

90

Previously Banked

Never-Banked

80

Figure 6.7 2011 Underbanked Households' Use
of AFS Products in the Last 12 Months
(Percent)
Transaction and
Credit, 13.5

72.9

70

59.9

60

48.7

50

Credit Only, 9.4

44.1

40

30

Transaction Only,
75.7

20

Use AFS but AFS
Type is
Unknown*, 1.4

10

0

Used 1 or More AFS in the Last 30 Days*

Used 1 or More AFS in the Last Year

Notes: Percentages are based on 53 million never-banked households and 4.4 million previously banked households.
* The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday
loans, and pawn shops. Households were not asked whether they used rent-to-own, or RALs in the last 30 days.

Figure 6.6 Timing of AFS Use for Underbanked
Households (Percent)

In Last 30 Days*,
41.2

In Last 2-12
Months, 58.8

Notes: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.
* "Unknown" includes households where transaction products are used but credit product use is unknown and households
where credit products are used but transaction product use is unknown.

Unbanked households that use transaction AFS do so
more frequently than underbanked households. More than
40 percent (41.4 percent) of unbanked households that
have used transaction AFS in the last 30 days have used
these services three or more times in that timeframe,
compared with 19.3 percent of underbanked households.
Over half of underbanked households (55.3 percent) that
have used transaction AFS in the last 30 days have done
so only once, compared with 30.2 percent of unbanked
households.

Notes: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding.
* The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday
loans, and pawn shops. Households were not asked whether they used rent-to-own, or RALs in the last 30 days.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

31

Use of Multiple AFS Products
The use of two or more types of AFS products may signal
an unmet demand for mainstream financial services. Overall, fewer than one in ten US households (8.4 percent)
have used two or more types of AFS products in the last
year. Unbanked households are more likely to use multiple
types of AFS products than underbanked households.
Specifically, 35.5 percent of unbanked households have
used two or more types of AFS products in the last year,
and 11.8 percent have used three or more, compared with
26.9 percent and 6.9 percent of underbanked households,
respectively. This seems to be due to unbanked households’ heavier reliance on transaction products: the share
of unbanked households that used two or more transaction
services in the last year, at 29.9 percent, is nearly twice as
high as the share of underbanked households that have
used two or more transaction services in the last year
(16.6 percent) (see Table 6.1).
Table 6.1 AFS Use in the Last 12 Months
Unbanked Underbanked
Households Households
Used two or more transaction products
Used two or more credit products
Used two or more AFS products in the last
12 months

29.9
3.1

16.6
4.3

35.5

26.9

In contrast, neither unbanked nor underbanked households tend to use multiple AFS credit products; just 3.1
percent of unbanked households and 4.3 percent of underbanked households have used more than one type of AFS
credit product in the last year.
Looking at multiple AFS users confirms that previously
banked households rely more heavily on AFS products
than those who have never had an account. The proportion of previously banked households that have used two
or more types of AFS in the last year is higher (40.1
percent) than the proportion of never-banked households
that have done so (32.6 percent).
Unbanked households are also more likely than underbanked households to have used multiple AFS products
within the last 30 days: 16.2 percent of unbanked households and 6.2 percent of underbanked households have
used two or more types of AFS products within the last 30
days.
Specific Transaction AFS Products
Figures 6.8 to 6.10 illustrate the use of AFS transaction
products over the past 12 months, by household banking
status. The most commonly used product is the non-bank
money order. Nearly one in five (18.3 percent) US households have used a non-bank money order in the last year.
The use of non-bank money orders is more common
among underbanked households than unbanked house2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

holds; 49.1 percent of unbanked and 71.2 percent of
underbanked households have used a non-bank money
order in the last year (see Figures 6.8 and 6.9).
Non-bank check cashing is used less commonly than
money orders. Fewer than one in ten (7.7 percent) households have used check cashing in the last year. In contrast
to non-bank money orders, the use of non-bank check
cashing is more prevalent among unbanked households:
more than one-third (38.0 percent) of unbanked households, compared with 22.8 percent of underbanked households, used non-bank check cashing within the last year.
Interestingly, unbanked households’ use of non-bank
check cashing increased notably between 2009 and 2011:
39.2 percent of unbanked households had ever used nonbank check cashing in 2009, compared with 47.3 percent
in 2011 (see Figures 6.8 and 6.9).
Nearly one-third (32.1 percent) of unbanked households
used a non-bank money order in the last 30 days, and one
in four (25.0 percent) unbanked households used a nonbank check-cashing service in the last 30 days. In comparison, underbanked households used transaction AFS less
recently: 28.0 percent used non-bank money orders within
the last 30 days, and only 8.9 percent used non-bank
check cashers in the last 30 days.
Similar patterns hold when only households that have
used a particular service are considered. Among underbanked households that used non-bank money orders,
more than one-third (35.3 percent) did so within the 30
days prior to the survey. More than one-quarter (28.4
percent) of underbanked check-cashing customers had
used the service within the last month. Nevertheless,
unbanked users have relied on AFS even more recently.
Among unbanked households that have used non-bank
money orders or non-bank check cashing, more than half
(54.5 percent and 52.8 percent, respectively) had used the
services within the past 30 days.
While some households that used non-bank money orders
in the last 30 days purchased them at the post office, this
was only true for 22.8 percent of unbanked and 30.6
percent of underbanked households.
Questions about remittance use were asked for the first
time in the 2011 survey; 3.7 percent of all US households,
including 9.2 percent of unbanked and 14.4 percent of
underbanked households, used a non-bank remittance in
the last year. Only 3.9 percent of unbanked households
and 5.7 percent of underbanked households used a nonbank remittance in the last 30 days. Among households
that use remittances about one in three (31.5 percent of
unbanked households and 31.4 percent of underbanked
households) had done so within the last 30 days. Overall,
5.9 percent of all households, including 12.4 percent of
unbanked households and 18.1 percent of underbanked

Underbanked Households • September 2012

32

Box 4 – Underbanked Households and Money Orders
The FDIC definition of an underbanked household considers the use of non-bank money orders because when
households obtain this product outside of the banking system, there is a missed market opportunity for banks.
Almost half (48.1 percent) of all underbanked households did not use any alternative financial services other than
non-bank money orders in the last year. Of these households, about one-third (34.5 percent) have used a money
order in the last 30 days. Of these, more than two-thirds have used a money order only once in the last 30 days.
In contrast, unbanked households tend to use non-bank money orders with other types of AFS, and when money
orders are the only AFS used, they are used more heavily relative to underbanked households that use this product
alone. One-quarter (25.1 percent) of unbanked households that have used AFS used non-bank money orders and
no other AFS products within the last year. Among these unbanked households that have used only a money order
in the last year, more than 60 percent (60.9 percent) had done so in the last 30 days.
In some ways, underbanked households that have used money orders along with other AFS products in the last year
are similar to underbanked households that have used only money orders. For example, these two groups of underbanked households have similar income distributions; 42.2 percent of underbanked households that have used
money orders and other AFS products have incomes below $30,000, as do 39.1 percent of underbanked households
that have used money orders exclusively in the last year.
However, the composition of the two groups is different. Specifically, family households, Hispanic households,
younger households, and less educated households comprise larger shares of the group of underbanked households
that have used money orders and other AFS products, while white households and native-born households account
for larger shares of the group of underbanked households that have used only money orders in the last year.
Figure 6.8 2011 Specific AFS Products Used by Unbanked
Households in the Last 12 Months
Used in the Last 12 Months

Used More Than 12 Months Ago
49.1

38.0
10.5

Pawn Shop

5.1

Rent-to-Own
Refund Anticipation Loan

0

5.8

81.6

6.6
6.6

84.7

1.6 5.7

86.6

20

40

5.6

6.6

81.9

6.7

Unknown*

4.7

72.9

10.0

3.4 5.3

Payday Loan

48.1

9.2

3.1

9.2

Remittance

35.6

9.7

Non-Bank Money Order
Non-Bank Check Cashing

Never used

6.0

60

Percentage of Unbanked Households

80

100

Notes: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
* Includes households whose specific AFS use is unknown and those who used specific AFS but the timing is unknown.

households, had ever used a non-bank remittance (see
Figure 6.10).
Specific Credit AFS Products
The use of AFS credit products is less common than the
use of transaction AFS. In the last year, 1.7 percent of US
households have used payday lending, 2.9 percent have
used pawn shops, 1.5 percent have used rent-to-own and
1.2 percent have used RALs. Looking at those that have
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

ever used these products, 4.7 percent have used payday
lending, 7.4 percent have pawned items at pawn shops to
get cash, 4.7 percent have used rent-to-own agreements,
and 3.7 percent have used RALs. The use of AFS credit
products has increased somewhat from 2009, when 3.6
percent of households had used payday lending, 5.8 had
ever sold items at pawn shops, 3.9 percent had used rentto-own agreements, and 3.0 percent had used RALs (in
the previous five years).

Underbanked Households • September 2012

33

Figure 6.9 2011 Specific AFS Products Used by Underbanked
Households in the Last 12 Months
Used in the Last 12 Months

Used More Than 12 Months Ago

Never Used
8.1

71.2

Non-Bank Money Order
22.8

Non-Bank Check Cashing

8.5

Unknown*
20.2

0.4

68.2
0.5

14.4

Remittance

10.2

Pawn Shop

81.5

3.6

0.5
79.7

9.2

0.8
7.9

Payday Loan

84.6

6.7

5.4

0.8

7.6

86.3

Rent-to-Own

0.7
4.6

Refund Anticipation Loan

88.6

5.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0.8
70

80

90

100

Percentage of Underbanked Households
Notes: Percentages are based on 24.2 million underbanked households. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of
rounding. * Includes households whose specific AFS use is unknown and those who used specific AFS but the timing is
unknown.

Percentage of Households

90

Unbanked

80

Underbanked

71.2

70
60
50

49.1

Among all US households, AFS credit products tend not
to have been used very recently; for example, 0.7 percent
of households, including 0.5 percent of unbanked and 3.2
percent of underbanked households, have used payday
lending in the last 30 days. However, among households
that have ever used payday lending, 36.7 percent had
done so within the last year, including 14.5 percent that
had done so within the last 30 days.

38.0

40
30

22.8

20

9.2

10

14.4

0

Non-Bank Money Order

Non-Bank Check Cashing

Non-Bank Remittance

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households and 24.2 million underbanked households.

In contrast to transaction services, the use of pawn shops,
rent-to-own agreements, and RALs does not differ markedly between unbanked and underbanked households, and
both unbanked and underbanked users of these products
did so within similar timeframes. In the last year, 10.5
percent of unbanked and 10.2 percent of underbanked
households have used pawn shops, 5.1 percent of
unbanked and 5.4 percent of underbanked households
have used rent-to-own, and 3.4 percent of unbanked and
4.6 percent of underbanked households have used RALs.
Payday loans were used by 7.9 percent of underbanked and
1.6 percent of unbanked households within the last year.
The low use among unbanked households is likely due to
the fact that a bank account is often necessary for a
customer to obtain a payday loan28 (see Figures 6.11 and
6.12).
Although the estimate of payday loan use by unbanked households is
greater than zero, this is due in part to households that have previously
had an account.
28

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Among households that have used rent-to-own agreements, 43.1 percent of unbanked households and 41.7
percent of underbanked households had done so within
the last year. Usage patterns are similar for unbanked and
underbanked RAL users; 38.7 percent of unbanked households and 43.7 percent of underbanked households that
have used a RAL had done so within the last year.
Figure 6.11 2011 Households Using Credit
Products in the Last 12 Months
by Banking Status
35

Percentage of Households

100

Figure 6.10 2011 Households Using
Transaction Products in the Last 12 Months
by Banking Status

Unbanked

30

Underbanked

25

20

15

10.5
10

10.3

7.9
5.1

5

5.4

1.7

3.4

4.6

0

Pawn Shop

Payday Loan

Rent-to-Own

Refund Anticipation
Loan

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households and 24.2 million underbanked hosueholds.

Also, 2.7 percent of both unbanked and underbanked
households have pawned items at a pawn shop within the
last 30 days, and 10.5 percent of unbanked households and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

34

10.2 percent of underbanked households have pawned
items within the last year. Among users, 13.1 percent of
unbanked households and 13.7 percent of underbanked
households pawned items at pawn shops within the last
30 days.

35

Percentage of Households

30

25

32.1

Figure 6.12 2011 Households Using AFS
Products in the Last 30 Days
by Banking Status
28.0
25.0

Unbanked

Underbanked

20

15

10

8.9
3.9

5

5.7

3.2

2.7

0.5

0

Non-Bank Non-Bank Check
Money Order
Cashing

Non-Bank
Remittance

Payday Loan

2.7

Pawn Shop

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households and 24.2 million underbanked households.

C. Bank Account Ownership and AFS Use
Among banked households (both underbanked and fully
banked households), AFS use varies with the types of

bank accounts owned. Households that have both checking and savings accounts have relied on AFS less recently
than those that have just one type of account. AFS products were used in the last year by one-fifth (18.7 percent)
of households that have both checking and savings
accounts. Among households with a checking account but
not a savings account, 29.7 percent used AFS in the last
year, including 13.0 percent that used AFS in the last 30
days. Households that have a savings account but not a
checking account relied on AFS more recently than those
that have a checking account; more than half (54.5
percent) of households that have a savings account but
not a checking account used AFS in the last year, including 36.2 percent that used AFS in the last 30 days (see
Figure 6.15).
As expected, households that do not have a checking
account rely more heavily on transaction AFS than those
with checking accounts. More than half (59.6 percent) of
all households that do not have a checking account used
transaction AFS in the last year, compared with 19.3
percent of households with a checking account. Notably,
this means that one in five households with a checking
account still rely on AFS provider for transaction services.

Box 5 – Payroll and Prepaid Cards (see Figures 6.13 and 6.14)
General purpose reloadable prepaid cards (prepaid cards) and payroll cards were not among the financial services
considered when defining underbanked households.1 However, to the extent that consumers use prepaid and payroll
cards issued by non-banks providers, there is a missed market opportunity for banks. In fact, almost half (49.2
percent) of unbanked households that have used a prepaid card report being likely to open an account in the future.
This survey does not distinguish between cards provided by banks and those provided by non-banks. Nonetheless, it
is interesting to analyze consumer use of these products.
One in ten (10.1 percent) households has used a general purpose reloadable prepaid card. Prepaid card use is higher
among households that do not have a checking account than those that have a checking account (16.5 percent
versus 9.3 percent). Prepaid card use does not differ with savings account ownership.
Prepaid card use among all households seems to be relatively stable from 2009, when 9.9 percent of households had
used a prepaid card. However, the proportion of unbanked households that have used a prepaid card climbed from
12.2 percent to 17.8 percent in 2011. The share of underbanked households that reported ever using a prepaid card
went from 16.4 percent in 2009 to 17.4 percent in 2011(not statistically significant). The proportion of households
that are fully banked which have used a prepaid card decreased slightly from 8.1 percent in 2009 to 7.3 percent in
2011.
Among all households, 3.2 percent currently receive wages on a payroll card, compared with 3.0 percent in 2009.
Payroll cards are more prevalent among unbanked and underbanked households, where they are used by 5.5 percent
and 5.3 percent of households, respectively.
More than one in three prepaid card users (34.7 percent) are underbanked and 14.5 percent are unbanked. Similarly, among payroll card users, 32.8 percent are underbanked and 14.1 percent are unbanked.
General purpose reloadable prepaid cards are debit cards that are loaded with funds and branded with a payment network logo. Funds can be
added to the cards as needed, and they can be used where the payment network brand is accepted. Payroll cards are cards into which employers
deposit salary payments instead of providing checks or cash to employees.
1

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

35

Box 5 – Payroll and Prepaid Cards (see Figures 6.13 and 6.14) (continued)

Prepaid and payroll card users are more likely to use other types of AFS products, both credit and transaction, than
households that do not use cards. About one-quarter of both prepaid and payroll card users have used AFS in the
last 30 days, compared with about 10 percent of households that do not use cards.
30

Figure 6.13 Households' Use of Payroll Cards
By Banking Status

Figure 6.14 Households' Use of Prepaid Cards
By Banking Status

30

26.8
25

2011
Percentage of Households

2009

20

15

10

5

0

8.5
5.5
3.0 3.2

5.0

3.2

1.5

All Households Unbanked

Previously
Banked

4.2

2.9

5.3
2.7 2.5

Never-Banked Underbanked Fully Banked

The results are similar for underbanked households: underbanked households with both checking and savings
accounts are the least likely to have used AFS in the last
30 days (37.8 percent); underbanked households with
checking accounts only are somewhat more likely to have
used AFS in the last 30 days (43.8 percent); and those
that have only a savings account, while a small group, are
the most likely to have used AFS in the last 30 days (66.4
percent) (see Figure 6.16).
Figure 6.15 Timing of AFS Use by Account Type
60

Percentage of Households

36.2
29.7

30

18.7
13.0

13.0
10

0

7.1

Checking and Savings
Accounts

15

18.8
16.4

12.2

10.8

9.9 10.1

10

17.4

8.1
5.7

7.3

5

0

All Households Unbanked

Previously
Banked

Never-Banked Underbanked Fully Banked

Figure 6.16 Underbanked Households' Use of AFS in
the Last 30 Days by Account Type
66.4

70

60

50

40

43.8
37.8

39.9

30

20

10

0

Checking and Savings Savings Account Only Checking Account Only Has Bank Account of
Accounts
Unknown Type

Note: Percentages based on 24.2 million underbanked households. The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money
orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans, and pawn shops. Households were not asked
whether they used rent-to-own, or RALs in the last 30 days.

Used AFS in the Last Year
Used AFS in the Last 30 Days*

50

20

17.8

2011

Account Type Owned by Household

54.5

40

2009

20

Percentage of Underbanked Households

Percentage of Households

25

5.2

Savings Account Only

Checking Account Only

Has Bank Account of
Unknown Type

Note: Percentages based on 120.4 million households.
* The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans, and pawn shops.
Households were not asked whether they used rent-to-own, or RALs in the last 30 days.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Because this is a univariate analysis, it is not possible to
determine whether differences in AFS use among households that own different types of bank accounts would
persist after accounting for income. For example, among
underbanked households in the lowest income group (with
incomes below $15,000), having both a checking and a
savings account does not appear to make a household less
likely to have relied on AFS in the last 30 days; 46.7
percent of low-income underbanked households with both
types of accounts used AFS in the last 30 days, compared
with 45.3 percent of households with just a checking
account. However, the lack of a checking account remains
associated with increased AFS use; two-thirds (65.6
percent) of low-income underbanked households that
have a savings account but no checking account used AFS
in the last 30 days.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

36

Specific Types of AFS and Bank Account Ownership
As was the case with AFS use generally, use of specific
AFS products varies depending on the type of bank
account held by a household. These differences are more
pronounced between households with or without checking
accounts than between households with or without
savings accounts They are also more pronounced for transaction AFS than for credit AFS.
Households with both checking and savings accounts are
the least likely to have used any individual AFS product
in the last year or the last 30 days. Again, this is most
notable for transaction services. For example, 13.3 percent
of banked households with both types of accounts used a
non-bank money order in the last year, compared with
20.8 percent of those who only have a checking account
and 44.8 percent of those with only a savings account.
Further, 4.1 percent of households with both a checking
and savings account used non-bank check cashing in the
last year, compared with 7.3 percent of those with just a
checking account and 11.7 percent of those with a savings
account only.
The association between having both types of bank
accounts and being less likely to have used AFS in the last
30 days is more pronounced within higher income groups
than lower income groups. Among the lowest income
underbanked households, those with both savings and
checking accounts are no less likely, and sometimes
slightly more likely, than those with just one type of
account to use individual AFS products.
Within higher income groups, however, AFS use varies by
account ownership, especially for credit products. For
example, among the highest income underbanked households, the share of households with only checking
accounts that used a payday loan in the last year was 9.2
percent (data not shown in tables), nearly twice the share
of households with both checking and savings accounts
that used payday lending in the last year (4.7 percent, data
not shown in tables).

D. Reasons Households Use AFS
Reasons Households Use Transaction AFS
Among households that have used transaction AFS, the
most commonly cited reason for using non-banks instead
of banks was convenience, given by 45.2 percent of all
households that used non-bank check cashing and 56.0
percent of all households that used non-bank money
orders. These results are similar to those reported in 2009.
Convenience was the most common reason given by both
underbanked and fully banked households. Among underbanked households, the second most common reason for
using non-bank check cashing is “to get money faster”
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

(18.4 percent), while the second most common reason for
using non-bank money orders is that “a bank charges
more” (28.0 percent) (see Figure 6.17).
Among unbanked households, the most commonly cited
reason for using non-bank check cashing was the fact that
the household does not have a bank account (38.9
percent); convenience was the next most common reason
(28.7 percent). These were also the most common reasons
for unbanked households’ use of non-bank money orders,
although the order was reversed: the most common reason
for using non-bank money orders was convenience (39.1
percent), and the second most common reason was that
the household does not have a bank account (27.3
percent) (see Figure 6.18).
Convenience and speed were also the most common
reasons why households use non-bank remittances: 32.5
percent of all households that used remittances did so for
increased convenience over banks, 23.5 percent thought
the AFS provider would get the money to its recipient
faster, and 11.0 percent perceive that banks charge more
to send money abroad. Convenience was cited most often
by underbanked households and fully banked households.
Again, the fact that unbanked households do not have a
banking relationship is a common reason why these
households use AFS providers for remittances (29.5
percent) (see Figure 6.19).

Reasons Households Use AFS Credit Products
Households that have patronized payday lenders or pawnshops most commonly do so because it is easier to get
payday loans or to get money from a pawn shop than to
qualify for a bank loan. This was cited as the main reason
by about 40 percent of both payday loan and pawn shop
users.
Convenience is not cited as commonly as a reason for
AFS credit product use as it is for AFS transaction use;
roughly 10 percent of payday loan and pawn shop users do
so primarily for convenience. Again, these results are similar to those from the 2009 survey (see Figures 6.20 and
6.21).
Notably, a relatively large proportion of households that
use AFS credit, about one in five, do so because they
perceive that banks do not provide small-dollar loans; 17.5
percent of households that used pawn shops and 20.0
percent of households that used payday loans did so
primarily because they thought they could not get smalldollar loans from a bank.
The 2011 survey asked households that had used credit
AFS in the last year to report the main reason they
needed the funds. Results show that more households that
used AFS credit did so to pay for basic living expenses

Underbanked Households • September 2012

37

Figure 6.17 2011 Primary Reason Households Have Ever Used
Non-Bank Check Cashing
The place is more convenient
To get money faster

11.3
10.1

Don't have a bank account
Bank charges more to cash checks
Feel more comfortable than at a bank
Banks don't cash checks
Do not trust banks
The place to cash checks asks for fewer IDs
Other
Don't Know/ Refused

18.4

51.8

28.7

38.9

3.4
6.6
2.1
1.9
1.6
2.4
1.0
2.5
0.9
1.6
9.6
4.2
1.1
1.9

Underbanked

Unbanked

0
20
40
60
Percentage of Households That Have Ever Used Non-Bank Check Cashing
Notes: Percentages based on 4.6 million unbanked households and 7.6 million underbanked households that have ever
used non-bank check cashing. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Figure 6.18 2011 Primary Reason Households Have Ever Used
Non-Bank Money Order
The place to purchase money orders is more
convenient

39.1

Banks charge more for money orders

19.4
2.5
2.0
2.5
3.8
1.7

Banks do not sell money orders
The place feels more comfortable than a bank
Don't have a bank account
Do not trust banks

28.0

Underbanked

Unbanked

27.3

0.4
2.3

Other
Don't Know/ Refused

54.7

5.2

9.3

0.9
0.9

0
20
40
60
Percentage of Households That Have Ever Used Non-Bank Money Orders
Notes: Percentages based on 5.8 million unbanked households and 19.2 million underbanked households that have ever
used non-bank money orders. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

than in 2009, suggesting a rise in financial distress. Nearly
half (45.5 percent) of all households that had used some
form of AFS credit product in the last 12 months did so to
pay for basic living expenses, up from 34.5 percent in
2009, and 17.5 percent of households that used AFS
credit products indicated a need to make up for lost
income. One in ten households (11.3 percent) that used
AFS credit did so to pay for a specific house repair, car
repair, or appliance purchase. Unbanked households are
more likely than underbanked households to turn to AFS
providers to pay for living expenses; the proportions are
53.6 percent and 43.0 percent, respectively (see Figure
6.22).
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

E. Descriptions of AFS Users
Previous sections of this report discussed how groups with
different banking status and demographic traits use AFS
products. This section explores subsets of households that
rely more heavily on AFS. It confirms the finding that
unbanked households are heavier AFS users than underbanked households. In many cases, the same consumer
segments that are overrepresented among unbanked and
underbanked households are also overrepresented among
heavy AFS users.
In the survey, “recent” AFS users are as those who have
used AFS credit or transaction product in the past 30

Underbanked Households • September 2012

38

Figure 6.19 2011 Primary Reason Households Have Ever
Used Non-Bank Remitances
The place to give or send money has more
convenient hours or location
The money gets there faster

19.2

A bank charges more to send money abroad

6.9
9.4

Banks don’t send money abroad

3.7
5.1

The place to give or send money feels more
comfortable than a bank
Don’t have a bank account
Do not trust banks
Other
Don't Know/ Refused

25.0
25.0

33.2

13.0

8.4

1.8

29.5

0.7
2.7
2.9
1.3
1.7

10.5

Underbanked

Unbanked

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Percentage of Households That Have Ever Used Non-Bank Remittances
Notes: Percentages based on 1.2 million unbanked households and 4.4 million underbanked households that have ever
used non-bank remittances. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

days. Recent AFS use could signal a greater unmet
demand for mainstream financial services than is present
among households that have not used AFS as recently. In
addition, households that have used more than one type
of AFS product in the last year likely have higher levels of
demand for transaction services or credit products that are
not being met by banks. Understanding the characteristics
of these groups of comparatively heavy AFS users could
help identify market opportunities for financial
institutions.
Households That Have Used AFS in the Last 30 Days
More than one in ten (12.0 percent) US households have
used AFS in the last 30 days. The demographic groups
that tend be overrepresented among the unbanked and
underbanked also tend to be overrepresented among
recent AFS users. Notably, this group has relatively high
levels of bank account ownership, especially checking
account ownership. Among households that have used
AFS in the last 30 days, almost one-third (31.0 percent)
are unbanked, but almost two-thirds of this group (62.6
percent) have a checking account. Savings accounts are
less prevalent; only 39.5 percent of recent users have both
checking and savings accounts.
Within underbanked households, our findings show differences between households that have used AFS in the last
30 days and those that have used AFS in the last year, but
not in the last 30 days. Black and Hispanic households,
less educated households, lower-income households, and
non-homeowners are more heavily represented among the
underbanked households that have used AFS most
recently.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Among households that have used transaction AFS in the
last 30 days, more than one-quarter (26.5 percent) have
done so three or more times; however, usage differs
between unbanked and underbanked households. Among
underbanked households that have used transaction AFS
in the last 30 days, 19.3 percent have done so three or
more times, compared with 41.4 percent of unbanked
households.
Correlations exist between recent AFS use and the use of
multiple AFS products. Almost half (47.6 percent) of
households that have used AFS in the last 30 days have
used multiple AFS products in the last year.
Generally, the reasons households use specific AFS products does not vary with the timeframe in which the AFS
were used, but underbanked households that use money
orders more frequently are more likely to do so because
they feel that money orders are more expensive at banks.
One-third of underbanked households that used money
orders in the last 30 days did so because they feel banks
charge more for money orders; this compares with 26.1
percent of underbanked households that used money
orders in the last year but not in the last 30 days, and 21.0
percent of underbanked households that used money
orders in the more distant past (data not shown in tables).
Households That Use Multiple AFS
As previously reported, less than one in ten (8.4 percent)
US households have used multiple (two or more) types of
AFS products within the last year; these households are
among the heaviest AFS users. Among households that
have used two or more types of AFS products in the last
year, about one-third are unbanked and two-thirds are

Underbanked Households • September 2012

39

Figure 6.20 2011 Primary Reason Households Have Ever
Used Payday Loans
Easier to get a payday loan than to
qualify for a bank loan

34.2

42.3

19.7
17.6

Banks don't make small-dollar
loans
13.6

Don't qualify for bank loan
The payday loan place is more
convenient

9.8

25.2

13.0

1.7
0.6

Payday loan service feels more
comfortable than a bank

0.3

Do not trust banks

4.1

Underbanked

7.4
6.5

Other

Unbanked

1.9
1.9

Don't know/ Refused
0

10
20
30
40
50
60
Percentage of Households That Have Ever Used Payday Loans

Notes: Percentages based on 0.7 million unbanked households and 3.5 million underbanked households that have ever used
payday loans. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Figure 6.21 2011 Primary Reason Households Have Ever
Used Pawn Shops
41.8
40.6

Easier to get money from pawn shop
than qualify for bank loan
15.6

Don't qualify for a bank loan
Banks don't have small loans

12.8
10.0
10.1

The pawn shop is more convenient
Do not trust banks
More comfortable at a pawn shop than
at a bank

0.6
3.1

Underbanked

2.4
2.2

Other
Don't know/ Refused

26.8

19.2

4.1

Unbanked

9.3

1.0
0.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Percentage of Households That Have Ever Used a Pawn Shop

Notes: Percentages based on 2.0 million unbanked households and 4.7 million underbanked households that have ever
used pawn shops. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

underbanked (35.0 percent and 65.0 percent,
respectively).
Households that used two or more types of AFS in the last
year are less likely than other households to have checking and savings accounts: 60.5 percent of households that
used two or more types of AFS in the last year have
checking accounts, and 37.9 percent have both checking
and savings accounts. However, these results are largely
driven by the fact that unbanked households tend to use
multiple AFS products (see Figure 6.26). Underbanked
households that have used two or more types of AFS in
the last year are almost as likely as those that have used
just one type of the AFS in the last year to have checking
and savings accounts.
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Figure 6.26 2011 Distribution of Households
That Used Two or More AFS in the Last Year
by Account Type (Percent)
Unbanked
Household, 35.0

Has Bank
Account of
Unknown Type,
0.4
Checking Account
Only, 22.6

Checking and
Savings
Accounts, 37.9

Savings Account
Only, 4.1

Notes: Percentages are based on 10.3 million households that used 2 or more AFS in the last 12 months. Percentages may
not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

40

Figure 6.22 2011 Primary Reason Households Need Funds
from AFS Credit Products
43.0

For basic living expenses
To make up for job loss or
decrease in income
For house or car repairs or to
buy an appliance

53.6

17.1
19.1
11.8
9.5
4.7
4.3
2.2
1.6
2.5
0.9
0.6
0.1

For special gifts or luxuries
For school or childcare
expenses
For medical, dental or death
expenses
For legal expenses
Other

Underbanked

7.5

Unbanked

13.8

4.3
3.4

Don't know/ Refused
0

10
20
30
40
50
60
Percentage of Households That Have Ever Used AFS Credit

Notes: Percentages based on 1.6 million unbanked households and 5.6 million underbanked households that have ever
used credit AFS. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Certain demographic groups are overrepresented among
households that have used multiple AFS within the last
year. The patterns seen among multiple AFS users are
similar to those seen among the most recent AFS users,
and among underbanked households in general, with
black and Hispanic households, non-citizen households,
younger households, less educated households, and lower
income households comprising larger shares. It is notable
that, among unbanked households in particular, family
households make up a larger share of households that use
multiple AFS than households that do not use AFS,
implying a particularly strong need for transaction and
credit products and services among unbanked families (see
Figures 6.27-6.29).
Figure 6.27 2011 Distribution of Households
That Used Two or More AFS in the Last Year
by Race and Ethnicity (Percent)

Figure 6.28 2011 Distribution of Households
That Used Two or More AFS in the Last Year
by Household Type (Percent)
Unmarried
Female Family,
26.8

Individual
Female
Household,
10.9

Married Couple
Family,
35.3

Black,
29.7

Figure 6.29 2011 Distribution of Households
Using Two or More AFS in the Last Year
by Age (Percent)
Age 65+,
5.7

Age 45-54,
20.9

Hawaiian/ Pacific
Islander,
0.3

Less than 35,
38.9

American Indian/
Alaskan,
Asian,
1.8
1.9

Hispanic,
24.3

Notes: Percentages are based on 10.3 million households that have used 2 or more AFS in the last 12 months.
Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

Individual Male
Household,
17.7

Notes: Percentages are based on 10.3 million households that used 2 or more AFS in the last 12 months. Percentages may
not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Age 55-64,
11.7

White NonHispanic,
42.0

Unmarried Male
Family,
9.4

of

Unbanked

and

Age 35-44,
22.8
Notes: Percentages are based on 10.3 million households that have used 2 or more AFS in the last 12 months. Percentages
may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

41

Box 6 – Characteristics of Households That Have Used AFS in the Last 30 Days (see Figures 6.23-6.25)
• 14.5 percent are foreign non-citizen households.
• One-quarter (25.2 percent) are unmarried female families.
• One-quarter (24.7 percent) are headed by a householder that has not graduated from high school.
• Almost one-third (30.2 percent) have incomes below $15,000.
• 44.4 percent live in the South.
• 29.1 percent are black and 23.5 percent are Hispanic.
Figure 6.23 2011 Distribution of Households
Using AFS in the Last 30 Days by Race and
Ethnicity (Percent)

Unmarried Female,
13.3

White NonHispanic
43.1

Unmarried Male,
17.2
Other, 0.1

Black
29.1

Unmarried Male
Family, 8.1
Unmarried
Female Family,
25.2

Hawaiian/ Pacific
Islander
0.3
American Indian/
Alaskan
1.9

Figure 6.24 2011 Distribution of Households
Using AFS in the Last 30 Days by Household
Type (Percent)

Asian
2.0

Hispanic
23.5

Notes: Percentages are based on 14.5 million households that used AFS in the last 30 days. Percentages may not sum
to 100 because of rounding.

Married Couple
Family, 36.1

Notes: Percentages are based on 14.5 million households that used AFS in the last 30 days. Percentages may not sum
to 100 because of rounding.

Figure 6.25 2011 Distribution of Households
Using AFS in the Last 30 Days by Age
(Percent)
Age 65 or Older,
9.7
Age 55-64, 14.3

Less than 35,
33.3

Age 45-54, 21.3
Age 35-44, 21.4

Notes: Percentages are based on 14.5 million households that used AFS in the last 30 days. Percentages may not sum
to 100 because of rounding.

The use of prepaid cards is correlated with the use of
multiple AFS products. One in four households (25.4
percent) that have used multiple AFS products in the last
year also have used a prepaid card, compared with fewer
than one in ten households (8.9 percent) that are not
multiple AFS users. The use of multiple AFS products is
also associated with the use of payroll cards. The share of
households that have used multiple AFS products in the
last year and receive wages on payroll cards, at 7.6
percent, is more than twice as large as the share of households that have not used multiple AFS products and
receive wages on payroll cards (2.5 percent). The correlations between multiple AFS use and the use of prepaid
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

and payroll cards are seen among both unbanked and
underbanked households.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

42

VII. Future Banking Plans of
Unbanked Households

A. Likelihood of Opening an Account by
Household Characteristics
The survey asked unbanked households whether they
think they are likely to open a bank account in the future,
providing an opportunity to observe potential demand for
bank accounts among the unbanked population and to
better understand which subgroups of unbanked households may be more willing to enter into banking relationships. The majority of unbanked households report that
they are not likely to open an account in the future.
Approximately 60.7 percent were “not likely” to open an
account, including almost two out of five households that
are “not likely at all.” Conversely, slightly more than onethird (33.9 percent) of unbanked households are “somewhat” or “very likely” (likely) to open an account,
including about 13.5 percent of unbanked households that
were “very likely” to do so.
By Previous Banking Status
Previously banked households report that they are more
likely to open an account than unbanked households that
have never had an account. Almost half (48.2 percent) of
previously banked household were somewhat or very likely
to open a bank account, compared with 22.7 percent of
never-banked households. In contrast, among neverbanked households, almost half (48.0 percent) are not
likely at all to open an account (see Figure 7.1). A larger
share (66.5 percent) of households that became unbanked
in the last year report being likely to open an account in
the future, compared with those that became unbanked
more than one year ago (44.1 percent).
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Percentage of Unbanked Households

100

All Unbanked

90

Previously Banked

Never-Banked

80
70
60

48.0

50

39.0

40
30
20

22.2

20.4

13.5

26.0

21.7

16.1

18.9

29.4

24.4

6.6

10
0

Very Likely

Somewhat Likely

Not Too Likely

Not Likely at All

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households

By Demographic Characteristics
Younger households seem to be considerably more likely
to open an account than older households. A slight majority (51.2 percent) of households with householders under
age 24 report being likely to open an account, including
almost one-quarter (23.2 percent) who say they are very
likely to do so, compared with about 40 percent of those
between age 25 and 44 that said they were likely to open
an account. The proportion of households reporting they
are likely to open an account consistently decreases as age
increases (see Figure 7.2).
Figure 7.2 2011 Likelihood that Unbanked
Households Will Open an Account by Age
100

Likely

90

Percentage of Unbanked Households

Whether unbanked households indicate that they
are likely to open a bank account in the future is a
measure of demand for bank accounts and a signal
of the unbanked population’s willingness to enter
the financial mainstream. A majority of unbanked
households report not being likely to open an
account in the future. Unbanked households that
were previously banked and recently became
unbanked, as well as those that are younger, unemployed, have some college education, or are headed
by unmarried female households, are more likely
than others to want to open a bank account in the
future. The likelihood of opening a bank account
also increases with AFS use; households that used
AFS in the past year, that use a combination of two
or more AFS products, and households that use a
payroll card or have used a prepaid card report
being more likely to open a bank account.

Figure 7.1 2011 Likelihood That Unbanked
Households Will Open an Account

Not Likely
83.5

80

72.1
65.3

70
60
50

54.8

51.2
43.8

41.3

40

54.9
40.3
29.0

30

19.2

20

10.9

10
0

Age 15-24

Age 25-34

Age 35-44

Age 45-54

Age 55-64

Age 65+

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households.

Higher proportions of unmarried female family households
(40.9 percent) report being likely to open a bank account
than other types of households. In fact, 16.7 percent of
unmarried female family households are very likely to
open an account (see Figure 7.3).
Other groups of unbanked households that report being
likely to open a bank account more often than other
groups are the unemployed (50.6 percent) and those with
some college education (42.3 percent). Notably, while
half of unbanked unemployed households state that they
are likely to open an account in the future, only 36.5
percent of employed unbanked households say they are
likely to do so.

Underbanked Households • September 2012

43

By Use of Payroll and Prepaid Cards

Figure 7.3 2011 Likelihood that Unbanked
Households Will Open an Account by
Household Type
100

Likely

Percentage of Unbanked Households

90

Not Likely

80
70

50
40

63.5

56.7

54.8

60

40.9

37.9

32.1

67.2

62.6

32.0
24.7

30
20
10
0

Unmarried Female Unmarried Male
Family
Family

Married Couple

Individual Male
Household

Individual Female
Household

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households.

The use of payroll and general purpose reloadable prepaid
cards is also positively correlated with the likelihood of
opening a bank account. A higher proportion (50.4
percent) of households that currently receive income
through a payroll card state that they are more likely to
open a bank account in the future than households that
do not currently use a payroll card (34.3 percent). In addition, larger shares (49.2 percent) of unbanked households
that have used a prepaid card report being likely to open
an account than unbanked households that have never
used a prepaid card (32.0 percent).

B. Reasons for Opening a Bank Account
In addition to examining whether unbanked households
have an interest in opening an account in the future, the
survey asked those households that are somewhat or very
likely to open an account why they would want to do so.
The main reasons unbanked households are interested in
opening an account are “to write checks and pay bills”
(29.7 percent), “to put money in a safe place” (27.4
percent), and “to save money for the future” (23.8
percent), although responses vary among subgroups.

By Use of AFS

By Banking Status

AFS use, particularly the use of credit AFS, is positively
correlated with the likelihood of opening a bank account
in the future. Among households that have used AFS in
the past, 38.9 percent report being likely to open a bank
account in the future, compared with only 21.4 percent of
households that have never used AFS. More specifically,
households that have used AFS in the last year are more
likely (39.4 percent) to open a bank account in the future
than those that have never used AFS or have not used
any in the last year (26.1 percent). In particular, more
than half (50.9 percent) of the households that used credit
AFS within the last 12 months are likely to open a bank
account (see Figure 7.4).

Households that have previously had an account and
those that have never been banked have similar reasons
for wanting to open an account (among those that are
likely to do so). One difference is that among neverbanked households, the ability to write checks and pay
bills is a top reason for wanting to open an account, noted
by 30.8 percent of households, but the desire to secure the
money is equally important (31 percent) (see Figure 7.5).

Percentage of Households Likely to Open an Account

Conversely, among other groups of unbanked households,
relatively large shares were not likely (“not very likely” or
“not likely at all”) to open an account in the future. These
include non-family households (64.6 percent), particularly
unbanked female individuals (67.2 percent), households
with householders age 55 or older (over 75 percent), less
educated households (more than two-thirds (67.3 percent)
of households with no high school degree), and those not
in the labor force (68.9 percent).

Figure 7.4 2011 Households Likely to Open an
Account by Type of AFS Used in the Last
12 Months
100
90

Used AFS in the Last 12 Months

Did Not Use AFS in the Last 12 Months

80
70
60

50.9

50
40
30

39.4

39.3
32.2

26.1

27.2

20
10
0

Any AFS

Credit AFS

Transaction AFS

Note: Percentages are based on 9.9 million unbanked households

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

By Demographic Characteristic
Compared with other racial and ethnic groups, a higher
proportion of white unbanked households are likely to
open a bank account because they want the ability to
write checks and pay bills (35.0 percent), while black
unbanked households cite the three top reasons with equal
frequencies (28 percent). Hispanics prioritize the desire to
put money in a safe place (31.7 percent), and somewhat
smaller shares say they want an account to write checks
and pay bills (24.7 percent). Among unbanked households
that are likely to open an account, foreign-born citizen
households (45.4 percent) and households that only speak
Spanish (35.0 percent) were particularly motivated by the
desire to secure their money.
Understanding the demographic characteristics of households that are likely to open an account along with their
reasons for wanting to do so can help tailor the outreach
and product offerings used to bring these consumers into

Underbanked Households • September 2012

44

the financial mainstream. For instance, outreach to
consumers who want to open an account to secure their
money might emphasize the safety and protections of the
banking system. On the other hand, consumers who value
an account to facilitate “writing checks and paying bills”
might benefit from product offerings that involve transaction accounts with bill-paying features.

Figure 7.5 2011 Reasons Unbanked Households
Want to Open an Account
30.8
28.8

To write checks and pay bills
To secure your money

25.7

31.0

26.2
22.6

To save money for the future
To take advantage of direct deposit of paychecks

4.4

To be able to apply for a loan or mortgage

1.6
4.2

10.0

0.6
0.3

To send money to family and friends

Never-Banked

3.7
7.0

Other

Previously Banked

1.6
1.3

Unknown
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Percentage of Unbanked Households
Note: Percentages are based on 5.3 million never-banked and 4.4 million previously-banked households.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

45

VIII. Implications
The results presented in this report suggest that opportunities exist for insured depositories to expand financial
services to unbanked and underbanked populations. Many
households conduct financial transactions outside of the
banking system either through AFS providers, cash, or
other informal financial arrangements. These households
may benefit from establishing or strengthening their relationships with mainstream financial institutions.
The survey results presented in this report suggest four
lessons for policymakers, financial institutions, and other
stakeholders working to improve access to mainstream
financial services:
1. Understanding the characteristics of different
segments of the unbanked and underbanked
populations might increase the efficacy of
economic inclusion strategies. Different
subgroups among unbanked and underbanked
households have distinct characteristics and varying levels of demand for banking services. In
certain cases, especially among the unbanked,
challenging economic circumstances might
require collaborative efforts between financial
institutions and other public or private entities
that serve other needs of this population (e.g.,
employment or human services agencies).
2. Having a bank account does not guarantee longterm engagement in the banking system. Understanding how and why households come into and
leave banking relationships could lead to solutions that promote more durable relationships,
especially for younger households just entering
the financial mainstream.

among population segments that comprise the unbanked
and underbanked. Understanding these differences could
lead to the development of products and strategies that
more effectively engage these households. For example,
economic inclusion strategies that target unbanked
Hispanic households might consider that this group
includes two distinct segments with starkly different financial services behavior. One substantial segment (29.6
percent) of this group does not use any financial services
from bank or non-bank providers, while another consumes
AFS more actively than any other ethnic or racial group:
51.8 percent of unbanked Hispanics used AFS in the last
30 days, including almost a quarter (22.5 percent) who
used two or more AFS in that period. In contrast, among
other unbanked segments, only about 43 percent of white
or black households used AFS in the last 30 days and
about 14 percent used two or more in that timeframe.
Results provided in Appendix B can shed light on the
characteristics and AFS use of specific unbanked and
underbanked groups.
Economic inclusion strategies that aim to reduce Hispanic
households’ reliance on AFS might consider their strong
need for multiple transaction products that are used to
make payments, transfer money to others, and cash checks
to access funds. Strategies should also consider addressing
additional challenges that these households might face,
including ID, credit history, banking history, and possibly
language barrier issues, which might preclude them from
fully engaging in the mainstream.

A. Understanding Characteristics of Different
Unbanked and Underbanked Segments

A different strategy might be more effective for economic
inclusion efforts designed to engage female family households. These efforts might consider that higher shares of
these unbanked households are likely to open an account
relative to other types of households. The racial and
ethnic composition of female family households also might
be useful to consider when designing strategies to reach
this segment. Female family households that are unbanked
are predominantly black (44.9 percent) and Hispanic
(25.1 percent), while those that are underbanked are
predominantly white (44.0 percent) and black (35
percent). Female family households’ relatively heavy use
of credit AFS might suggest the need to provide affordable
credit products to this population. In addition, the high
proportion of children living in unbanked and underbanked households headed by unmarried females (54.8
percent of children living in unbanked households and
30.0 percent of children living in underbanked households) might suggest that these households have financial
transaction and credit needs associated with caring for
children or other dependents, which in turn could lead to
greater demand for financial services.

It is useful to understand the varying demographic characteristics, banking behaviors, and AFS usage patterns

Similarly, economic inclusion efforts that target younger
unbanked or underbanked households might take into

3. Households with banking experience appear to
have more positive perceptions of having an
account and rely less on alternative financial
services.
4. Financial institutions interested in pursuing the
market opportunity that AFS users represent
might need to more clearly demonstrate the value
in having a bank account to AFS users who
perceive non-bank financial services to be more
convenient, faster, less expensive, or to present
lower barriers to qualification.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

46

account that these groups are considerably more likely to
report an inclination to open an account in the future
than older unbanked households, and that they rely more
heavily on AFS. In many cases, segments that could
further inform targeted economic inclusion efforts overlap.
For example, among younger unbanked and underbanked
households, female family households comprise a disproportionately high share.
Large segments of the unbanked and underbanked populations face challenging economic circumstances, such as
unemployment, which seems to suggest that economic
inclusion policies and programs that work with other
programs that address income, employment, or other
segment-specific needs of unbanked populations (e.g.,
programs involving government transfers, job placement
programs) might be effective.

B. Long-Term Banking Engagement
The survey results demonstrate that household banking
status is not static and that having a bank account does
not guarantee long-term engagement in the banking
system. On the contrary, the results suggest that a notable
share of households cycle in and out the banking system
over time. Nearly half of unbanked households had an
account in the past, and nearly half (48.2 percent) of
these are likely to join the banking system again in the
future. Also, almost one quarter of fully banked households have used AFS in the past and would have been
considered underbanked at that time. Economic inclusion
efforts require not only bringing the unbanked into the
financial mainstream, but also retaining and better engaging current bank customers to prevent them from becoming unbanked or underbanked. Low-cost banking products
with transparent fee structures could play an important
role in this effort.
Banking status changes can occur across different population segments. For example, in 2011 the proportion of
unbanked households increased among some demographic
groups that typically have among the lowest unbanked
rates, such as US-born households and white households.
In contrast, the rates did not change significantly among
those more likely to be unbanked, such as foreign-born
and non-Asian minority households.
More work is necessary to develop a deeper understanding
of the factors that contribute to long-term banking
engagement and use of non-bank providers. Nevertheless,
targeting appropriate efforts at young households, in
particular, might help these households develop long-lasting banking relationships.
The 2011 survey results show that relative to older householders, the youngest householders (under age 25) have
the highest unbanked and underbanked rates. Households
2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

with the youngest householders also account for the largest share of unbanked households that are likely to open
an account in the future. At the same time, the youngest
householders, especially the underbanked, use AFS more
actively than older householders. If early banking engagement affects the likelihood of establishing long-lasting
banking relationships, it might be of particular interest to
focus economic inclusion efforts toward children and
young adults. These efforts could include broader financial
education efforts for young adults, in addition to K-12
financial education, to encourage younger consumers to
choose the right banking product, manage it appropriately,
and establish a long-lasting banking relationship.
A large proportion of children under age 15 live in
unbanked and underbanked households. Future research
could explore the extent to which household banking
status can influence that of future generations. If a relationship is found, it might be important for policymakers
and other stakeholders to focus on demographic segments
that not only account for large shares of unbanked and
underbanked households, but also house a sizeable proportion of children. Female family households, for example,
account for large portions of unbanked (30 percent) and
underbanked (19 percent) households and are home to
almost two out of five children (38.7 percent) that live in
these underserved households. Understanding the intergenerational effects of household banking status could
inform and potentially improve the outcomes of programs
such as childrens’ savings accounts.

C. Banking Experience, Banking Perceptions and
Financial Behaviors
The survey results suggest that currently banked households and unbanked households that previously had an
account are more likely to perceive value in having a bank
account, and rely less on alternative financial services. For
example, unbanked households that previously had a relationship with a financial institution are more inclined to
open an account in the future, and less likely to say that
the main reason they are unbanked is because they do not
“want or need an account.” While these descriptive results
should be interpreted with caution, they imply that banking experience is important.
Further, the timing of households’ most recent experience
with banks appears to be relevant. Unbanked households
that had a relationship with a bank within the last year
are more likely to report an intention to open a bank
account than households that became unbanked more
than a year ago or those that were never-banked.
In addition, survey results show that households that have
an account, particularly a checking account, tend to use
transaction AFS less actively than those that do not have
a checking account. On average, unbanked households are

Underbanked Households • September 2012

47

more active transaction AFS users than the underbanked.
Even among underbanked households, those that only
have a savings account are more active transaction AFS
users than underbanked households that have a checking
account.
While savings accounts may provide asset-building opportunities, holding one does not appear to affect AFS use.
For example, while a savings account could provide
resources that enable households to draw on their savings
instead of using AFS credit, relatively small differences in
AFS credit use is observed between those with a savings
account and those without one, even within similar
income groupings. This does not suggest that savings
account access is unimportant, but does suggest that access
to a savings account in and of itself might be a limited
strategy for addressing the households’ comprehensive
financial needs.

ences this dynamic, such as the role of early banking
engagement and the intergenerational effects of household
banking status; and (5) work collaboratively with financial
institutions, community partners, and governments to
address the diverse needs of the unbanked and underbanked and facilitate safe and sustainable banking
relationships.

D. Aligning Bank Products With Consumer
Preferences
Financial institutions interested in taking advantage of
the market opportunity that unbanked and underbanked
households represent might need to more clearly demonstrate the long-term value of having a bank account to
AFS users who perceive non-bank financial services to be
more convenient, faster, less expensive, or easier to qualify
for. For example, banks could use mobile technology to
increase convenience, which was the most commonly
reported reason for using transaction AFS. Mobile technologies could also improve the quality of banking experiences and alter how unbanked and underbanked
consumers view the choice between bank and non-bank
providers. Finally, for the notable share of unbanked and
underbanked consumers that cite speed as a reason for
using non-bank check cashing, providing options for expedited availability of deposited funds, while managing risks
appropriately, might make deposit accounts more
appealing.

E. Conclusion
Financial institutions, community organizations, policymakers, and other stakeholders face a number of challenges in advancing economic inclusion. The results of
the 2011 survey highlight the need to (1) continue investing in economic inclusion efforts, especially for younger
generations that rely heavily on AFS; (2) deploy banking
products and services that are convenient and meet the
needs of unbanked and underbanked households that are
currently being met by AFS providers; (3) continue to
understand the characteristics of the different segments
that comprise the unbanked and underbanked populations
and tailor economic inclusion strategies accordingly; (4)
continue to research and understand the dynamic nature
of household banking status and the factors that influ2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

48

Appendix A — National Tables

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

49

Table A-1 2011 Household Banking Status by Demographic Characteristics
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Household Characteristic

Unbanked

Underbanked

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Fully Banked

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408

100.0

9,875

8.2

24,199

20.1

82,830

68.8

3,504

2.9

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

65.5
12.9
4.7
47.8
34.4
18.0
16.4
0.1

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,960
1,702
2,258
11

7.5
19.1
14.3
3.7
9.5
7.8
11.4
10.9

16,931
4,598
1,662
10,671
7,239
3,359
3,880
29

21.5
29.5
29.4
18.5
17.5
15.5
19.6
28.6

53,797
7,544
3,006
43,247
28,978
15,868
13,110
55

68.2
48.4
53.1
75.1
69.9
73.2
66.2
53.5

2,194
462
186
1,545
1,303
760
543
7

2.8
3.0
3.3
2.7
3.1
3.5
2.7
7.0

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
23

13.3
11.4
4.1
1.2
0.2
69.8
-

3,430
2,762
134
202
17
3,330
NA

21.4
20.1
2.7
14.5
6.2
4.0
NA

5,441
3,927
825
372
81
13,551
NA

33.9
28.6
16.6
26.8
30.2
16.1
NA

6,672
6,677
3,844
765
168
64,690
NA

41.6
48.7
77.1
55.1
62.9
77.0
NA

503
344
182
50
2
2,417
NA

3.1
2.5
3.6
3.6
0.7
2.9
NA

117,940
2,467

98.0
2.0

8,965
910

7.6
36.9

23,496
703

19.9
28.5

82,018
812

69.5
32.9

3,462
41

2.9
1.7

104,143
8,380
7,885

86.5
7.0
6.5

7,673
453
1,750

7.4
5.4
22.2

20,038
1,880
2,282

19.2
22.4
28.9

73,435
5,783
3,612

70.5
69.0
45.8

2,998
264
241

2.9
3.2
3.1

6,299
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

5.2
16.9
17.8
20.5
18.3
21.3

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

17.4
12.7
9.3
8.1
5.5
3.9

1,955
4,993
4,918
5,336
4,064
2,933

31.0
24.5
23.0
21.6
18.4
11.4

3,129
12,286
13,996
16,553
16,132
20,733

49.7
60.3
65.4
67.1
73.2
80.9

121
509
506
766
638
963

1.9
2.5
2.4
3.1
2.9
3.8

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

11.9
28.6
28.2
31.2

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

25.8
10.9
5.9
1.1

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

24.5
22.2
22.6
14.3

6,677
21,969
23,388
30,796

46.6
63.7
68.8
81.9

443
1,090
944
1,026

3.1
3.2
2.8
2.7

72,580
6,779
41,049

60.3
5.6
34.1

3,818
1,525
4,532

5.3
22.5
11.0

15,515
1,899
6,786

21.4
28.0
16.5

51,294
3,218
28,318

70.7
47.5
69.0

1,953
137
1,414

2.7
2.0
3.4

19,541
22,073
24,787
21,975
32,032

16.2
18.3
20.6
18.3
26.6

5,510
2,581
1,221
431
132

28.2
11.7
4.9
2.0
0.4

4,225
5,628
5,787
4,142
4,418

21.6
25.5
23.3
18.9
13.8

9,299
13,134
17,015
16,757
26,624

47.6
59.5
68.6
76.3
83.1

507
730
764
644
857

2.6
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7

79,144
41,264

65.7
34.3

2,238
7,637

2.8
18.5

12,590
11,610

15.9
28.1

61,833
20,996

78.1
50.9

2,483
1,021

3.1
2.5

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

18.1
22.3
37.3
22.3

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

7.1
7.1
10.0
7.2

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

17.9
17.7
23.2
19.0

15,675
19,379
28,772
19,005

72.0
72.0
64.1
70.9

664
828
1,226
784

3.0
3.1
2.7
2.9

100,311
33,636
49,548
17,127
19,193
903

83.3
27.9
41.2
14.2
15.9
0.8

8,029
4,066
2,754
1,209
1,764
83

8.0
12.1
5.6
7.1
9.2
9.2

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367
3,857
276

20.0
22.3
18.6
19.7
20.1
30.6

69,203
21,111
36,057
12,034
13,096
531

69.0
62.8
72.8
70.3
68.2
58.8

3,014
974
1,523
516
477
13

3.0
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.5
1.5

All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Non-family household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not the only language spoken
Spanish is the only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not Inside principal city
Not Identified
Not in metropolitan area
Not Identified

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell,, there were too few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

50

Table A-2 2011 Distribution of Households by Banking Status and Demographic Characteristics
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Household Characteristic
All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not identified

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Fully Banked

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408

100.0

9,875

100.0

24,199

100.0

82,830

100.0

3,504

100.0

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

65.5
12.9
4.7
47.8
34.4
18.0
16.4
0.1

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,960
1,702
2,258
11

59.8
30.1
8.2
21.5
40.1
17.2
22.9
0.1

16,931
4,598
1,662
10,671
7,239
3,359
3,880
29

70.0
19.0
6.9
44.1
29.9
13.9
16.0
0.1

53,797
7,544
3,006
43,247
28,978
15,868
13,110
55

64.9
9.1
3.6
52.2
35.0
19.2
15.8
0.1

2,194
462
186
1,545
1,303
760
543
7

62.6
13.2
5.3
44.1
37.2
21.7
15.5
0.2

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
23

13.3
11.4
4.1
1.2
0.2
69.8
-

3,430
2,762
134
202
17
3,330
-

34.7
28.0
1.4
2.0
0.2
33.7
-

5,441
3,927
825
372
81
13,551
3

22.5
16.2
3.4
1.5
0.3
56.0
-

6,672
6,677
3,844
765
168
64,690
14

8.1
8.1
4.6
0.9
0.2
78.1
-

503
344
182
50
2
2,417
6

14.4
9.8
5.2
1.4
0.1
69.0
0.2

117,940
2,467

98.0
2.0

8,965
910

90.8
9.2

23,496
703

97.1
2.9

82,018
812

99.0
1.0

3,462
41

98.8
1.2

104,143
8,380
7,885

86.5
7.0
6.5

7,673
453
1,750

77.7
4.6
17.7

20,038
1,880
2,282

82.8
7.8
9.4

73,435
5,783
3,612

88.7
7.0
4.4

2,998
264
241

85.6
7.5
6.9

6,299
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

5.2
16.9
17.8
20.5
18.3
21.3

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

11.1
26.2
20.2
20.3
12.2
10.1

1,955
4,993
4,918
5,336
4,064
2,933

8.1
20.6
20.3
22.1
16.8
12.1

3,129
12,286
13,996
16,553
16,132
20,733

3.8
14.8
16.9
20.0
19.5
25.0

121
509
506
766
638
963

3.4
14.5
14.5
21.9
18.2
27.5

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

11.9
28.6
28.2
31.2

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

37.4
38.1
20.3
4.2

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

14.5
31.6
31.7
22.2

6,677
21,969
23,388
30,796

8.1
26.5
28.2
37.2

443
1,090
944
1,026

12.6
31.1
26.9
29.3

72,580
6,779
41,049

60.3
5.6
34.1

3,818
1,525
4,532

38.7
15.4
45.9

15,515
1,899
6,786

64.1
7.8
28.0

51,294
3,218
28,318

61.9
3.9
34.2

1,953
137
1,414

55.7
3.9
40.3

19,541
22,073
24,787
21,975
32,032

16.2
18.3
20.6
18.3
26.6

5,510
2,581
1,221
431
132

55.8
26.1
12.4
4.4
1.3

4,225
5,628
5,787
4,142
4,418

17.5
23.3
23.9
17.1
18.3

9,299
13,134
17,015
16,757
26,624

11.2
15.9
20.5
20.2
32.1

507
730
764
644
857

14.5
20.8
21.8
18.4
24.5

79,144
41,264

65.7
34.3

2,238
7,637

22.7
77.3

12,590
11,610

52.0
48.0

61,833
20,996

74.7
25.3

2,483
1,021

70.9
29.1

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

18.1
22.3
37.3
22.3

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

15.6
19.4
45.5
19.5

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

16.1
19.7
43.1
21.0

15,675
19,379
28,772
19,005

18.9
23.4
34.7
22.9

664
828
1,226
784

19.0
23.6
35.0
22.4

100,311
33,636
49,548
17,127
19,193
903

83.3
27.9
41.2
14.2
15.9
0.8

8,029
4,066
2,754
1,209
1,764
83

81.3
41.2
27.9
12.2
17.9
0.8

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367
3,857
276

82.9
30.9
38.1
13.9
15.9
1.1

69,203
21,111
36,057
12,034
13,096
531

83.5
25.5
43.5
14.5
15.8
0.6

3,014
974
1,523
516
477
13

86.0
27.8
43.5
14.7
13.6
0.4

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

51

Table A-3 2011 Unbanked and Underbanked Households by Race and Income
Banking Status
All Households
Household Income and Race/Ethnicity

Number
(1000s)

All Households
Income Less than $15,000
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Total
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Total
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Total
Between $50,000 and $75,000
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Total
At Least $75,000
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Total

Pct of
Row

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of Row

Number
(1000s)

Underbanked Status
Unknown

Fully-Banked

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

120,408

100.0

9,875

8.2

24,199

20.1

82,830

68.8

3,504

2.9

4,726
2,822
606
373
58
10,956
19,541

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,185
1,170
67
152
15
1,921
5,510

46.2
41.5
11.0
40.7
26.3
17.5
28.2

1,246
581
63
94
23
2,218
4,225

26.4
20.6
10.4
25.1
40.0
20.2
21.6

1,219
1,019
453
120
19
6,468
9,299

25.8
36.1
74.8
32.1
33.7
59.0
47.6

76
52
23
8
348
507

1.6
1.9
3.8
2.1
3.2
2.6

3,529
3,353
706
296
25
14,157
6
22,073

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

756
959
44
34
NA
786
NA
2,581

21.4
28.6
6.3
11.6
NA
5.5
NA
11.7

1,404
1,023
116
77
NA
2,995
NA
5,628

39.8
30.5
16.4
26.0
NA
21.2
NA
25.5

1,244
1,313
515
172
NA
9,880
NA
13,134

35.2
39.1
72.9
58.3
NA
69.8
NA
59.5

126
58
31
12
NA
497
NA
730

3.6
1.7
4.4
4.0
NA
3.5
NA
3.3

3,378
3,321
869
284
43
16,886
6
24,787

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

336
444
18
11
NA
413
NA
1,221

9.9
13.4
2.0
3.9
NA
2.4
NA
4.9

1,259
1,181
214
98
NA
3,014
NA
5,787

37.3
35.5
24.6
34.7
NA
17.8
NA
23.3

1,649
1,589
591
166
NA
12,993
NA
17,015

48.8
47.8
68.0
58.5
NA
76.9
NA
68.6

134
108
47
8
NA
467
NA
764

4.0
3.3
5.4
2.9
NA
2.8
NA
3.1

2,064
2,162
945
215
61
16,523
5
21,975

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

119
142
5
4
161
NA
431

5.8
6.6
0.5
2.0
1.0
NA
2.0

746
692
140
46
6
2,511
NA
4,142

36.1
32.0
14.8
21.6
10.1
15.2
NA
18.9

1,134
1,237
762
148
53
13,420
NA
16,757

54.9
57.2
80.6
68.9
86.9
81.2
NA
76.3

65
91
39
16
2
432
NA
644

3.2
4.2
4.1
7.5
3.0
2.6
NA
2.9

2,348
2,053
1,858
222
81
25,465
5
32,032

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

35
47
1
49
NA
132

1.5
2.3
0.1
0.2
NA
0.4

785
450
292
57
20
2,813
NA
4,418

33.4
21.9
15.7
25.5
24.8
11.0
NA
13.8

1,426
1,521
1,523
159
61
21,929
NA
26,624

60.7
74.1
82.0
71.7
75.2
86.1
NA
83.1

102
34
41
6
674
NA
857

4.3
1.7
2.2
2.7
2.6
NA
2.7

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

52

Table A-4 2011 Distribution of Adults and Children by Household Banking Status
All Households
Number
(1000s)

Banking Status
All Households
Unbanked
Underbanked
Fully Banked
Banked but Underbanked Status Unknown

120,408
9,875
24,199
82,830
3,504

Pct of Col
100.0
8.2
20.1
68.8
2.9

Persons
Number
(1000s)
300,448
26,130
67,378
198,562
8,379

Adults

Pct of Col
100.0
8.7
22.4
66.1
2.8

Number
(1000s)
234,267
17,126
50,762
159,448
6,931

Children

Pct of Col
100.0
7.3
21.7
68.1
3.0

Number
(1000s)
66,182
9,004
16,616
39,113
1,449

Pct of Col
100.0
13.6
25.1
59.1
2.2

Notes:
This table presents the number of persons residing in households of different banking status. Adults are defined as persons age 16 and above and children are household members under age 16. The estimate of the number of unbanked
adults is a lower bound because it is based on the assumption that all adults residing in a ‘banked’ household are banked. A banked household may contain one or more adults without bank accounts. The estimate of the number of
underbanked adults is an upper bound because it is based on the assumption that all adults residing in an underbanked household are underbanked. However, an underbanked household may contain one or more adults that are not
underbanked.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

53

Table A-5 2011 Distribution of Persons by Household Banking Status and Demographic Characteristics
Persons in Household by Household Banking Status

All Households
Number
(1000s)

Household Characteristic
All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic

Pct of Col

All Persons
Number
(1000s)

Unbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Banked but
Underbanked Status
Unknown

Fully Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

120,408

100.0

300,448

100.0

26,130

100.0

67,378

100.0

198,562

100.0

8,379

100.0

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

65.5
12.9
4.7
47.8
34.4
18.0
16.4
0.1

249,190
48,079
17,598
183,513
51,027
25,370
25,658
231

82.9
16.0
5.9
61.1
17.0
8.4
8.5
0.1

21,260
10,291
2,656
8,314
4,846
1,993
2,853
24

81.4
39.4
10.2
31.8
18.5
7.6
10.9
0.1

57,572
14,606
5,549
37,418
9,730
4,305
5,426
75

85.4
21.7
8.2
55.5
14.4
6.4
8.1
0.1

163,569
21,745
8,857
132,967
34,869
18,193
16,676
124

82.4
11.0
4.5
67.0
17.6
9.2
8.4
0.1

6,789
1,438
537
4,815
1,583
880
703
7

81.0
17.2
6.4
57.5
18.9
10.5
8.4
0.1

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988

13.3
11.4
4.1
1.2
0.2
69.8

39,258
43,911
14,450
3,474
798
198,500

13.1
14.6
4.8
1.2
0.3
66.1

8,200
9,265
278
481
62
7,844

31.4
35.5
1.1
1.8
0.2
30.0

14,325
13,524
2,560
1,056
303
35,596

21.3
20.1
3.8
1.6
0.4
52.8

15,515
20,149
11,071
1,815
430
149,543

7.8
10.1
5.6
0.9
0.2
75.3

1,218
974
540
122
4
5,516

14.5
11.6
6.4
1.4
0.0
65.8

23
59
Spanish is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
117,940
98.0
291,932
97.2
Spanish is only language spoken
2,467
2.0
8,516
2.8
Nativity
U.S.-born
104,143
86.5
250,809
83.5
Foreign-born citizen
8,380
7.0
23,880
7.9
Foreign-born non-citizen
7,885
6.5
25,760
8.6
Age Group
15 to 24 years
6,300
5.2
15,900
5.3
25 to 34 years
20,374
16.9
57,787
19.2
35 to 44 years
21,414
17.8
69,834
23.2
45 to 54 years
24,658
20.5
66,748
22.2
55 to 64 years
22,036
18.3
45,963
15.3
65 years or more
25,625
21.3
44,216
14.7
Education
No high school degree
14,321
11.9
38,409
12.8
High school degree
34,462
28.6
84,497
28.1
Some college
34,010
28.2
84,513
28.1
College degree
37,615
31.2
93,029
31.0
Employment Status
Employed
72,580
60.3
192,165
64.0
Unemployed
6,779
5.6
18,545
6.2
Not in labor force
41,049
34.1
89,739
29.9
Household Income
Less than $15,000
19,541
16.2
39,457
13.1
Between $15,000 and $30,000
22,073
18.3
49,499
16.5
Between $30,000 and $50,000
24,787
20.6
60,221
20.0
Between $50,000 and $75,000
21,975
18.3
57,601
19.2
At Least $75,000
32,032
26.6
93,671
31.2
Homeownership
Homeowner
79,144
65.7
203,080
67.6
Non-homeowner
41,264
34.3
97,368
32.4
Geographic Region
Northeast
21,784
18.1
53,551
17.8
Midwest
26,900
22.3
65,583
21.8
South
44,920
37.3
111,140
37.0
West
26,804
22.3
70,175
23.4
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
100,311
83.3
252,167
83.9
Inside principal city
33,636
27.9
81,517
27.1
Not inside principal city
49,548
41.2
128,429
42.7
Not identified
17,127
14.2
42,222
14.1
Not in Metropolitan Area
19,193
15.9
45,949
15.3
Not Identified
903
0.8
2,332
0.8
Notes:
This table presents the number of persons residing in households categorized by household banking status.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

22,849
3,281

87.4
12.6

64,794
2,584

96.2
3.8

196,056
2,506

98.7
1.3

8,233
146

98.3
1.7

18,824
1,250
6,056

72.0
4.8
23.2

53,470
5,960
7,948

79.4
8.8
11.8

171,575
15,963
11,024

86.4
8.0
5.6

6,940
707
732

82.8
8.4
8.7

3,039
8,434
6,347
4,690
2,046
1,574

11.6
32.3
24.3
18.0
7.8
6.0

5,081
15,275
16,532
14,873
9,431
6,186

7.5
22.7
24.5
22.1
14.0
9.2

7,476
32,563
45,402
45,208
33,126
34,786

3.8
16.4
22.9
22.8
16.7
17.5

304
1,516
1,553
1,977
1,360
1,670

3.6
18.1
18.5
23.6
16.2
19.9

10,566
9,752
4,994
818

40.4
37.3
19.1
3.1

11,050
21,417
21,052
13,860

16.4
31.8
31.2
20.6

15,817
50,754
56,107
75,884

8.0
25.6
28.3
38.2

977
2,574
2,361
2,468

11.7
30.7
28.2
29.4

10,664
4,354
11,112

40.8
16.7
42.5

43,631
5,606
18,141

64.8
8.3
26.9

132,814
8,221
57,526

66.9
4.1
29.0

5,056
363
2,961

60.3
4.3
35.3

13,318
7,328
3,803
1,298
384

51.0
28.0
14.6
5.0
1.5

9,387
14,583
16,918
12,474
14,016

13.9
21.6
25.1
18.5
20.8

15,868
26,026
37,695
42,164
76,809

8.0
13.1
19.0
21.2
38.7

885
1,562
1,806
1,665
2,462

10.6
18.6
21.5
19.9
29.4

5,816
20,314

22.3
77.7

36,968
30,410

54.9
45.1

154,252
44,309

77.7
22.3

6,044
2,335

72.1
27.9

3,757
4,604
12,035
5,735

14.4
17.6
46.1
21.9

10,580
12,881
28,678
15,239

15.7
19.1
42.6
22.6

37,556
46,110
67,617
47,278

18.9
23.2
34.1
23.8

1,658
1,988
2,810
1,923

19.8
23.7
33.5
22.9

21,366
10,602
7,557
3,208
4,525
239

81.8
40.6
28.9
12.3
17.3
0.9

56,263
20,324
26,611
9,328
10,356
759

83.5
30.2
39.5
13.8
15.4
1.1

167,336
48,457
90,443
28,436
29,925
1,300

84.3
24.4
45.5
14.3
15.1
0.7

7,201
2,134
3,818
1,250
1,144
34

85.9
25.5
45.6
14.9
13.7
0.4

- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

54

Table A-6 2011 Distribution of Adults by Household Banking Status and Demographic Characteristics
Adults in Household by Household Banking Status

All Households
Number
(1000s)

Household Characteristic

Pct of Col

All Adults
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

All Households
120,408
100.0
234,267
100.0
Household Type
Family household
78,826
65.5
183,688
78.4
Female householder, no husband present
15,575
12.9
31,810
13.6
Male householder, no wife present
5,661
4.7
13,117
5.6
Married couple
57,591
47.8
138,761
59.2
Nonfamily household
41,479
34.4
50,370
21.5
Female householder
21,688
18.0
25,228
10.8
Male householder
19,791
16.4
25,141
10.7
Other
102
0.1
209
0.1
Race/Ethnicity
Black
16,046
13.3
29,107
12.4
Hispanic non-Black
13,710
11.4
30,874
13.2
Asian
4,985
4.1
11,230
4.8
American Indian/Alaskan
1,389
1.2
2,685
1.1
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
267
0.2
568
0.2
White non-Black non-Hispanic
83,988
69.8
159,759
68.2
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
23
NA
NA
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
117,940
98.0
228,399
97.5
Spanish is only language spoken
2,467
2.0
5,868
2.5
Nativity
U.S.-born
104,143
86.5
197,668
84.4
Foreign-born citizen
8,380
7.0
18,791
8.0
Foreign-born non-citizen
7,885
6.5
17,808
7.6
Age Group
15 to 24 years
6,300
5.2
12,482
5.3
25 to 34 years
20,374
16.9
36,743
15.7
35 to 44 years
21,414
17.8
43,868
18.7
45 to 54 years
24,658
20.5
54,943
23.5
55 to 64 years
22,036
18.3
43,206
18.4
65 years or more
25,625
21.3
43,025
18.4
Education
No high school degree
14,321
11.9
28,538
12.2
High school degree
34,462
28.6
67,161
28.7
Some college
34,010
28.2
66,173
28.2
College degree
37,615
31.2
72,394
30.9
Employment Status
Employed
72,580
60.3
146,277
62.4
Unemployed
6,779
5.6
13,338
5.7
Not in labor force
41,049
34.1
74,652
31.9
Household Income
Less than $15,000
19,541
16.2
29,848
12.7
Between $15,000 and $30,000
22,073
18.3
38,647
16.5
Between $30,000 and $50,000
24,787
20.6
47,555
20.3
Between $50,000 and $75,000
21,975
18.3
45,607
19.5
At Least $75,000
32,032
26.6
72,609
31.0
Homeownership
Homeowner
79,144
65.7
162,503
69.4
Non-homeowner
41,264
34.3
71,764
30.6
Geographic Region
Northeast
21,784
18.1
43,080
18.4
Midwest
26,900
22.3
51,071
21.8
South
44,920
37.3
85,837
36.6
West
26,804
22.3
54,278
23.2
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
100,311
83.3
196,468
83.9
Inside principal city
33,636
27.9
63,591
27.1
Not inside principal city
49,548
41.2
100,076
42.7
Not identified
17,127
14.2
32,800
14.0
Not in Metropolitan Area
19,193
15.9
36,041
15.4
Not Identified
903
0.8
1,758
0.8
Notes:
Adults are defined as persons age 16 and above.
This table presents the number of adults residing in households categorized by household banking status.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

17,126

100.0

12,436
5,357
1,827
5,252
4,666
1,935
2,731
24

Banked but
Underbanked Status
Unknown

Fully Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

50,762

100.0

159,448

100.0

6,931

100.0

72.6
31.3
10.7
30.7
27.2
11.3
15.9
0.1

41,189
9,614
4,074
27,501
9,504
4,272
5,231
69

81.1
18.9
8.0
54.2
18.7
8.4
10.3
0.1

124,712
15,749
6,806
102,158
34,627
18,147
16,480
109

78.2
9.9
4.3
64.1
21.7
11.4
10.3
0.1

5,351
1,091
410
3,850
1,573
874
699
7

77.2
15.7
5.9
55.5
22.7
12.6
10.1
0.1

5,448
5,779
215
317
28
5,339
NA

31.8
33.7
1.3
1.8
0.2
31.2
NA

10,509
9,528
2,014
820
208
27,676
NA

20.7
18.8
4.0
1.6
0.4
54.5
NA

12,143
14,817
8,569
1,441
329
122,119
NA

7.6
9.3
5.4
0.9
0.2
76.6
NA

1,007
750
432
108
3
4,624
NA

14.5
10.8
6.2
1.6
0.0
66.7
NA

15,011
2,116

87.6
12.4

49,018
1,744

96.6
3.4

157,561
1,887

98.8
1.2

6,810
121

98.3
1.7

12,439
859
3,828

72.6
5.0
22.4

40,719
4,650
5,392

80.2
9.2
10.6

138,714
12,703
8,032

87.0
8.0
5.0

5,795
580
556

83.6
8.4
8.0

1,933
4,310
3,894
3,664
1,853
1,472

11.3
25.2
22.7
21.4
10.8
8.6

3,920
9,357
10,759
12,381
8,566
5,779

7.7
18.4
21.2
24.4
16.9
11.4

6,361
22,053
28,180
37,200
31,495
34,160

4.0
13.8
17.7
23.3
19.8
21.4

268
1,023
1,034
1,698
1,292
1,615

3.9
14.8
14.9
24.5
18.6
23.3

6,928
6,401
3,175
622

40.5
37.4
18.5
3.6

8,008
16,204
15,748
10,801

15.8
31.9
31.0
21.3

12,780
42,391
45,328
58,949

8.0
26.6
28.4
37.0

823
2,164
1,922
2,021

11.9
31.2
27.7
29.2

6,981
2,626
7,520

40.8
15.3
43.9

32,606
4,094
14,061

64.2
8.1
27.7

102,681
6,333
50,434

64.4
4.0
31.6

4,009
285
2,637

57.8
4.1
38.0

8,580
4,796
2,534
933
284

50.1
28.0
14.8
5.4
1.7

6,945
10,653
12,545
9,507
11,111

13.7
21.0
24.7
18.7
21.9

13,538
21,898
30,987
33,770
59,256

8.5
13.7
19.4
21.2
37.2

785
1,300
1,490
1,397
1,959

11.3
18.8
21.5
20.2
28.3

4,220
12,907

24.6
75.4

28,787
21,975

56.7
43.3

124,382
35,066

78.0
22.0

5,114
1,817

73.8
26.2

2,646
3,050
7,756
3,674

15.4
17.8
45.3
21.5

8,407
9,758
21,321
11,276

16.6
19.2
42.0
22.2

30,643
36,650
54,415
37,741

19.2
23.0
34.1
23.7

1,385
1,613
2,346
1,586

20.0
23.3
33.9
22.9

14,060
7,089
4,931
2,039
2,925
142

82.1
41.4
28.8
11.9
17.1
0.8

42,388
15,333
20,173
6,883
7,797
576

83.5
30.2
39.7
13.6
15.4
1.1

134,032
39,381
71,803
22,848
24,400
1,017

84.1
24.7
45.0
14.3
15.3
0.6

5,989
1,789
3,169
1,031
919
23

86.4
25.8
45.7
14.9
13.3
0.3

- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

55

Table A-7 2011 Distribution of Children by Household Banking Status and Demographic Characteristics
Children in Household by Household Banking Status

All Households
Number
(1000s)

Household Characteristic
All Households
Household Type

Family household

Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple

Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity

Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic

Spanish Is Only Language Spoken

Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken

Nativity

U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen

Age Group

15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more

Education

No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree

Employment Status

Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force

Household Income

Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000

Homeownership

Homeowner
Non-homeowner

Geographic Region

Northeast
Midwest
South
West

Metropolitan Status

Metropolitan Area

Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified

All Children

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Unbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Banked but
Underbanked Status
Unknown

Fully Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

120,408

100.0

66,182

100.0

9,004

100.0

16,616

100.0

39,113

100.0

1,449

100.0

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

65.5
12.9
4.7
47.8
34.4
18.0
16.4
0.1

65,502
16,269
4,482
44,752
658
141
516
22

99.0
24.6
6.8
67.6
1.0
0.2
0.8
-

8,824
4,934
829
3,061
180
58
122
-

98.0
54.8
9.2
34.0
2.0
0.6
1.4
-

16,383
4,992
1,475
9,916
227
32
195
6

98.6
30.0
8.9
59.7
1.4
0.2
1.2
-

38,856
5,996
2,052
30,809
241
46
196
16

99.3
15.3
5.2
78.8
0.6
0.1
0.5
-

1,439
347
126
966
10
5
5
-

99.3
23.9
8.7
66.6
0.7
0.4
0.3
-

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
23

13.3
11.4
4.1
1.2
0.2
69.8
-

10,151
13,037
3,219
788
230
38,741
NA

15.3
19.7
4.9
1.2
0.3
58.5
NA

2,752
3,486
63
164
34
2,505
NA

30.6
38.7
0.7
1.8
0.4
27.8
NA

3,816
3,996
546
236
94
7,920
NA

23.0
24.0
3.3
1.4
0.6
47.7
NA

3,372
5,332
2,503
374
101
27,424
NA

8.6
13.6
6.4
1.0
0.3
70.1
NA

211
224
108
13
1
892
NA

14.6
15.4
7.5
0.9
0.1
61.6
NA

117,940
2,467

98.0
2.0

63,533
2,649

96.0
4.0

7,838
1,165

87.1
12.9

15,776
840

94.9
5.1

38,495
618

98.4
1.6

1,424
25

98.3
1.7

104,143
8,380
7,885

86.5
7.0
6.5

53,141
5,089
7,952

80.3
7.7
12.0

6,385
392
2,227

70.9
4.3
24.7

12,750
1,309
2,556

76.7
7.9
15.4

32,861
3,260
2,992

84.0
8.3
7.7

1,145
128
176

79.1
8.8
12.1

6,300
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

5.2
16.9
17.8
20.5
18.3
21.3

3,418
21,044
25,966
11,805
2,757
1,190

5.2
31.8
39.2
17.8
4.2
1.8

1,106
4,124
2,453
1,026
193
102

12.3
45.8
27.2
11.4
2.1
1.1

1,162
5,918
5,773
2,492
865
407

7.0
35.6
34.7
15.0
5.2
2.5

1,115
10,511
17,222
8,008
1,631
626

2.9
26.9
44.0
20.5
4.2
1.6

36
492
518
279
69
55

2.5
34.0
35.8
19.3
4.7
3.8

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

11.9
28.6
28.2
31.2

9,871
17,336
18,340
20,635

14.9
26.2
27.7
31.2

3,638
3,351
1,819
196

40.4
37.2
20.2
2.2

3,042
5,213
5,303
3,058

18.3
31.4
31.9
18.4

3,037
8,363
10,779
16,935

7.8
21.4
27.6
43.3

154
410
439
446

10.6
28.3
30.3
30.8

72,580
6,779
41,049

60.3
5.6
34.1

45,888
5,206
15,087

69.3
7.9
22.8

3,683
1,728
3,592

40.9
19.2
39.9

11,024
1,512
4,080

66.3
9.1
24.6

30,133
1,889
7,091

77.0
4.8
18.1

1,047
77
324

72.3
5.3
22.4

19,541
22,073
24,787
21,975
32,032

16.2
18.3
20.6
18.3
26.6

9,608
10,852
12,666
11,995
21,061

14.5
16.4
19.1
18.1
31.8

4,738
2,532
1,269
365
100

52.6
28.1
14.1
4.1
1.1

2,441
3,930
4,373
2,967
2,905

14.7
23.7
26.3
17.9
17.5

2,330
4,128
6,708
8,394
17,553

6.0
10.6
17.2
21.5
44.9

100
262
316
269
503

6.9
18.1
21.8
18.5
34.7

79,144
41,264

65.7
34.3

40,577
25,604

61.3
38.7

1,596
7,408

17.7
82.3

8,181
8,435

49.2
50.8

29,870
9,243

76.4
23.6

930
519

64.2
35.8

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

18.1
22.3
37.3
22.3

10,471
14,512
25,303
15,897

15.8
21.9
38.2
24.0

1,111
1,553
4,279
2,060

12.3
17.2
47.5
22.9

2,173
3,123
7,357
3,963

13.1
18.8
44.3
23.9

6,914
9,461
13,203
9,537

17.7
24.2
33.8
24.4

273
375
464
336

18.9
25.9
32.0
23.2

100,311
33,636
49,548
17,127
19,193
903

83.3
27.9
41.2
14.2
15.9
0.8

55,700
17,926
28,353
9,421
9,909
574

84.2
27.1
42.8
14.2
15.0
0.9

7,307
3,513
2,625
1,168
1,600
97

81.2
39.0
29.2
13.0
17.8
1.1

13,876
4,991
6,439
2,446
2,558
182

83.5
30.0
38.7
14.7
15.4
1.1

33,305
9,077
18,640
5,588
5,525
283

85.1
23.2
47.7
14.3
14.1
0.7

1,213
345
649
219
225
11

83.7
23.8
44.8
15.1
15.5
0.7

Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified
Notes:
Children are persons in the household under age 16.
This table presents the number of children residing in households categorized by household banking status.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than
zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

56

Table A-8 2009 Household Banking Status by Demographic Characteristics
Has a Bank Account

All Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Underbanked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)

All Households
119,001
100.0
9,054
7.6
21,693
18.2
84,917
71.4
3,336
Household Type
Family household
78,743
100.0
5,609
7.1
14,823
18.8
56,276
71.5
2,035
Female householder, no husband present
13,975
100.0
2,730
19.5
3,997
28.6
6,848
49.0
399
Male householder, no wife present
5,433
100.0
804
14.8
1,502
27.6
2,941
54.1
186
Married couple
59,336
100.0
2,074
3.5
9,325
15.7
46,487
78.3
1,450
Nonfamily household
40,126
100.0
3,416
8.5
6,841
17.0
28,573
71.2
1,297
Female householder
21,147
100.0
1,391
6.6
3,121
14.8
15,945
75.4
689
Male householder
18,979
100.0
2,024
10.7
3,720
19.6
12,627
66.5
608
Other
131
100.0
30
22.6
29
22.0
68
52.1
4
Race and Ethnicity of Householder
Black
15,541
100.0
3,338
21.5
4,999
32.2
6,775
43.6
429
Hispanic non-Black
13,241
100.0
2,543
19.2
3,269
24.7
7,035
53.1
395
Asian
4,790
100.0
166
3.5
357
7.5
4,037
84.3
229
American Indian/Alaskan
1,378
100.0
211
15.3
401
29.1
736
53.4
30
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
259
100.0
23
9.0
49
18.8
180
69.3
8
White non-Black non-Hispanic
83,785
100.0
2,767
3.3
12,618
15.1
66,154
79.0
2,246
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
6
100.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
116,479
100.0
8,158
7.0
21,160
18.2
83,885
72.0
3,276
Spanish is only language spoken
2,522
100.0
896
35.5
533
21.1
1,032
40.9
60
Nativity
U.S.-born
103,091
100.0
6,877
6.7
19,110
18.5
74,357
72.1
2,747
Foreign-born citizen
7,828
100.0
427
5.5
1,086
13.9
5,970
76.3
345
Foreign-born non-citizen
8,081
100.0
1,749
21.6
1,498
18.5
4,590
56.8
244
Age Group
15 to 24 years
6,596
100.0
1,036
15.7
1,693
25.7
3,628
55.0
239
25 to 34 years
19,702
100.0
2,310
11.7
4,545
23.1
12,272
62.3
575
35 to 44 years
22,590
100.0
2,003
8.9
4,773
21.1
15,230
67.4
585
45 to 54 years
24,863
100.0
1,857
7.5
4,860
19.5
17,543
70.6
603
55 to 64 years
20,273
100.0
971
4.8
3,226
15.9
15,505
76.5
571
65 years or more
24,977
100.0
876
3.5
2,597
10.4
20,740
83.0
764
Education
No high school degree
15,006
100.0
3,659
24.4
3,430
22.9
7,457
49.7
460
High school degree
34,654
100.0
3,341
9.6
7,304
21.1
23,025
66.4
984
Some college
33,312
100.0
1,618
4.9
7,201
21.6
23,507
70.6
985
College degree
36,029
100.0
435
1.2
3,759
10.4
30,929
85.8
907
Employment Status
Employed
73,155
100.0
3,992
5.5
14,042
19.2
53,083
72.6
2,038
Unemployed
6,642
100.0
1,267
19.1
1,790
26.9
3,432
51.7
153
Not in labor force
39,203
100.0
3,795
9.7
5,861
15.0
28,402
72.4
1,146
Household Income
Less than $15,000
15,689
100.0
4,240
27.0
3,532
22.5
7,618
48.6
299
Between $15,000 and $30,000
17,443
100.0
2,259
13.0
4,222
24.2
10,616
60.9
346
Between $30,000 and $50,000
21,512
100.0
883
4.1
5,239
24.4
14,819
68.9
571
Between $50,000 and $75,000
18,988
100.0
279
1.5
3,468
18.3
14,854
78.2
387
At Least $75,000
27,881
100.0
73
0.3
3,198
11.5
24,080
86.4
530
Unknown
17,488
100.0
1,320
7.5
2,034
11.6
12,930
73.9
1,204
Homeownership
Homeowner
80,388
100.0
2,093
2.6
11,403
14.2
64,677
80.5
2,215
Non-homeowner
38,613
100.0
6,961
18.0
10,291
26.7
20,240
52.4
1,121
Geographic Region
Northeast
21,689
100.0
1,500
6.9
3,552
16.4
15,917
73.4
720
Midwest
26,601
100.0
1,615
6.1
4,579
17.2
19,797
74.4
609
South
44,081
100.0
4,144
9.4
9,159
20.8
29,590
67.1
1,188
West
26,630
100.0
1,795
6.7
4,403
16.5
19,614
73.7
819
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
99,183
100.0
7,364
7.4
17,619
17.8
71,322
71.9
2,877
Inside principal city
33,450
100.0
3,775
11.3
6,512
19.5
22,034
65.9
1,129
Not inside principal city
48,536
100.0
2,527
5.2
7,739
15.9
36,964
76.2
1,305
Not identified
17,196
100.0
1,062
6.2
3,368
19.6
12,324
71.7
443
Not in metropolitan area
18,978
100.0
1,631
8.6
3,876
20.4
13,035
68.7
435
Not identified
840
100.0
59
7.0
198
23.5
560
66.6
24
Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Pct of
Row
2.8
2.6
2.9
3.4
2.4
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.3
2.8
3.0
4.8
2.2
2.9
2.7
NA
2.8
2.4
2.7
4.4
3.0
3.6
2.9
2.6
2.4
2.8
3.1
3.1
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.8
2.3
2.9
1.9
2.0
2.7
2.0
1.9
6.9
2.8
2.9
3.3
2.3
2.7
3.1
2.9
3.4
2.7
2.6
2.3
2.9

57

Table A-9 Unbanked Rates by Year and Demographic Characteristics
Year
2009
All
Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Unknown
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West

2011
All
Households

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

Number
(1000s)

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

119,001

9,054

7.6

120,408

9,875

8.2

0.6 *

78,743
13,975
5,433
59,336
40,126
21,147
18,979
131

5,609
2,730
804
2,074
3,416
1,391
2,024
30

7.1
19.5
14.8
3.5
8.5
6.6
10.7
22.6

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,960
1,702
2,258
11

7.5
19.1
14.3
3.7
9.5
7.8
11.4
10.9

0.4
-0.5
-0.6
0.2
1.0 *
1.3 *
0.7
-11.7

15,541
13,241
4,790
1,378
259
83,785
6

3,338
2,543
166
211
23
2,767
NA

21.5
19.2
3.5
15.3
9.0
3.3
NA

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
NA

3,430
2,762
135
202
17
3,330
NA

21.4
20.1
2.7
14.5
6.2
4.0
NA

-0.1
0.9
-0.8
-0.8
-2.7
0.7 *
NA

116,479
2,522

8,158
896

7.0
35.5

117,940
2,467

8,965
911

7.6
36.9

0.6 *
1.4

103,091
7,829
8,081

6,878
428
1,749

6.7
5.5
21.6

104,143
8,380
7,885

7,673
453
1,750

7.4
5.4
22.2

0.7 *
-0.1
0.6

6,596
19,702
22,590
24,863
20,274
24,977

1,036
2,310
2,003
1,857
971
876

15.7
11.7
8.9
7.5
4.8
3.5

6,300
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

17.4
12.7
9.3
8.1
5.5
3.9

1.7
1.0
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.4

15,006
34,654
33,312
36,029

3,659
3,342
1,618
435

24.4
9.6
4.9
1.2

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

25.8
10.9
5.9
1.1

1.4
1.3 *
1.0 *
-0.1

73,155
6,642
39,203

3,992
1,267
3,795

5.5
19.1
9.7

72,580
6,779
41,049

3,818
1,525
4,532

5.3
22.5
11.0

-0.2
3.4 *
1.4 *

15,689
17,443
21,512
18,988
27,881
17,488

4,240
2,259
883
279
73
1,320

27.0
13.0
4.1
1.5
0.3
7.5

16,699
18,599
20,984
18,773
27,770
17,583

4,950
2,117
945
256
60
1,548

29.6
11.4
4.5
1.4
0.2
8.8

2.6 *
-1.6 *
0.4
-0.1
-0.0
1.3 *

80,388
38,613

2,093
6,961

2.6
18.0

79,144
41,264

2,238
7,637

2.8
18.5

0.2
0.5

21,689
26,601
44,081
26,630

1,500
1,615
4,144
1,795

6.9
6.1
9.4
6.7

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

7.1
7.1
10.0
7.2

0.1
1.1
0.6
0.4

Notes:
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Estimated
Difference

Underbanked Households • September 2012

58

Table A-10 Banked Households That Used AFS in the Last Year by Year and Demographic Characteristics
Year
2009
All
Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Unknown
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West

2011

Banked AFS Usersa
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

All
Households
Number
(1000s)

Banked AFS Usersa
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

Estimated
Difference

119,001

20,759

17.4

120,408

22,031

18.3

0.9 *

78,743
13,975
5,433
59,336
40,126
21,147
18,979
131

14,102
3,786
1,435
8,882
6,629
3,051
3,577
29

17.9
27.1
26.4
15.0
16.5
14.4
18.8
22.0

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

15,244
4,337
1,524
9,383
6,758
3,152
3,606
29

19.3
27.8
26.9
16.3
16.3
14.5
18.2
28.6

1.4
0.8
0.5
1.3 *
-0.2
0.1
-0.6
6.6

15,541
13,241
4,790
1,378
259
83,785
6

4,861
3,140
335
388
47
11,987
NA

31.3
23.7
7.0
28.2
18.2
14.3
NA

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
NA

5,041
3,152
502
369
63
12,901
NA

31.4
23.0
10.1
26.6
23.5
15.4
NA

0.1
-0.7
3.1 *
-1.6
5.3
1.1 *
NA

116,479
2,522

20,235
524

17.4
20.8

117,940
2,467

21,562
469

18.3
19.0

0.9 *
-1.8

103,091
7,829
8,081

18,246
1,055
1,458

17.7
13.5
18.0

104,143
8,380
7,885

19,201
1,240
1,590

18.4
14.8
20.2

0.7 *
1.3
2.1

6,596
19,702
22,590
24,863
20,274
24,977

1,619
4,250
4,490
4,662
3,173
2,566

24.5
21.6
19.9
18.8
15.7
10.3

6,300
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

1,869
4,520
4,317
4,838
3,744
2,743

29.7
22.2
20.2
19.6
17.0
10.7

5.1 *
0.6
0.3
0.9
1.3 *
0.4

15,006
34,654
33,312
36,029

3,318
6,935
6,870
3,636

22.1
20.0
20.6
10.1

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

3,131
7,061
7,163
4,677

21.9
20.5
21.1
12.4

-0.3
0.5
0.4
2.3 *

73,155
6,642
39,203

13,362
1,688
5,710

18.3
25.4
14.6

72,580
6,779
41,049

13,854
1,794
6,383

19.1
26.5
15.5

0.8 *
1.0
1.0 *

15,689
17,443
21,512
18,988
27,881
17,488

3,464
4,027
4,968
3,314
3,034
1,952

22.1
23.1
23.1
17.5
10.9
11.2

16,699
18,599
20,984
18,773
27,770
17,583

3,706
4,692
4,687
3,309
3,449
2,188

22.2
25.2
22.3
17.6
12.4
12.4

0.1
2.1 *
-0.8
0.2
1.5 *
1.3 *

80,388
38,613

10,913
9,847

13.6
25.5

79,144
41,264

11,381
10,650

14.4
25.8

0.8 *
0.3

21,689
26,601
44,081
26,630

3,387
4,367
8,778
4,228

15.6
16.4
19.9
15.9

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

3,498
4,464
9,670
4,399

16.1
16.6
21.5
16.4

0.4
0.2
1.6 *
0.5

Notes:
a
For comparability purposes, the estimates include households that have an account, but used non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders, payday loans, rent-to-own, and pawn shops in the last year. The estimates exclude
non-bank remittances and refund anticipation loans because the 2009 survey did not ask about non-bank remittances and asked about the use of refund anticipation loans in the last five years as opposed to the last year.
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

59

Table A-11 2011 Household Bank Account Type by Banking Status
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Number
(1000s)

Bank Account Type
All Households
Unbanked
Checking and savings accounts
Savings account only
Checking account only
Banked, but account type unknown
Memo Items:
Has checking account
Has savings account

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

Pct of
Col

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Fully Banked

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408
9,875
80,924
2,379
25,378
1,851

100.0
8.2
67.2
2.0
21.1
1.5

9,875
9,875
0
0
0
0

100.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

24,199
0
15,113
1,297
7,548
240

100.0
0.0
62.5
5.4
31.2
1.0

82,830
0
63,839
1,053
17,164
774

100.0
0.0
77.1
1.3
20.7
0.9

3,504
0
1,972
29
666
836

100.0
0.0
56.3
0.8
19.0
23.9

106,509
83,331

88.5
69.2

0
0

0.0
0.0

22,723
16,418

93.9
67.8

81,134
64,911

98.0
78.4

2,652
2,001

75.7
57.1

Table A-12 2011 Household Bank Account Type by Demographic Characteristics
Bank Account Type

All Households

Unbanked
Households

Household
Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no
husband present
Male householder,
no wife present
Married couple
Non-family household
Female
householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/
Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific
Islander
White non-Black
non-Hispanic
Other non-Black
non-Hispanic
Spanish only
language spoken
Spanish is not the only
language spoken
Spanish is only
language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born
non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

120,408

100.0

9,875

8.2

78,826

65.5

5,905

15,575

12.9

5,661
57,591
41,479

Memo Items

Checking and
Savings Account Checking Account
Savings Accounts
Only
Only
Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

80,924

67.2

7.5

55,729

2,971

19.1

4.7
47.8
34.4

807
2,127
3,960

21,688
19,791
102

18.0
16.4
0.1

16,046
13,710
4,985

Pct of Number
Row (1000s)

2,379

2.0

25,378

21.1

70.7

1,371

1.7

14,648

7,899

50.7

462

3.0

14.3
3.7
9.5

3,108
44,722
25,139

54.9
77.7
60.6

178
732
1,004

1,702
2,258
11

7.8
11.4
10.9

13,471
11,667
56

62.1
59.0
55.3

13.3
11.4
4.1

3,430
2,762
134

21.4
20.1
2.7

7,821
6,700
3,733

1,389

1.2

202

14.5

267

0.2

17

83,988

69.8

23

Has Checking
Account

Has Savings
Account

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

1,851

1.5

106,509

88.5

83,331

69.2

18.6

1,174

1.5

70,537

89.5

57,118

72.5

3,960

25.4

283

1.8

11,917

76.5

8,367

53.7

3.1
1.3
2.4

1,460
9,228
10,710

25.8
16.0
25.8

109
782
667

1.9
1.4
1.6

4,599
54,020
35,895

81.2
93.8
86.5

3,289
45,462
26,152

58.1
78.9
63.0

436
568
4

2.0
2.9
3.9

5,667
5,043
21

26.1
25.5
20.1

412
255
10

1.9
1.3
9.8

19,155
16,740
77

88.3
84.6
75.5

13,915
12,237
60

64.2
61.8
59.2

48.7
48.9
74.9

621
414
105

3.9
3.0
2.1

3,916
3,653
921

24.4
26.6
18.5

257
181
92

1.6
1.3
1.8

11,767
10,379
4,660

73.3
75.7
93.5

8,442
7,118
3,839

52.6
51.9
77.0

795

57.2

55

4.0

304

21.9

33

2.4

1,099

79.1

851

61.3

6.2

189

70.8

2

0.6

52

19.5

8

2.8

241

90.3

191

71.4

3,330

4.0

61,673

73.4

1,183

1.4

16,521

19.7

1,280

1.5

78,340

93.3

62,877

74.9

-

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

117,940

98.0

8,965

7.6

80,191

68.0

2,316

2.0

24,648

20.9

1,820

1.5

105,033

89.1

82,535

70.0

2,467

2.0

910

36.9

733

29.7

63

2.6

730

29.6

30

1.2

1,475

59.8

796

32.3

104,143
8,380

86.5
7.0

7,673
453

7.4
5.4

71,556
5,633

68.7
67.2

1,982
184

1.9
2.2

21,325
1,956

20.5
23.3

1,607
154

1.5
1.8

93,056
7,609

89.4
90.8

73,565
5,817

70.6
69.4

7,885

6.5

1,750

22.2

3,735

47.4

214

2.7

2,097

26.6

89

1.1

5,843

74.1

3,949

50.1

6,299
20,374
21,414

5.2
16.9
17.8

1,094
2,587
1,994

17.4
12.7
9.3

3,483
13,168
14,415

55.3
64.6
67.3

131
360
418

2.1
1.8
2.0

1,487
4,016
4,308

23.6
19.7
20.1

105
243
279

1.7
1.2
1.3

4,988
17,222
18,751

79.2
84.5
87.6

3,617
13,533
14,836

57.4
66.4
69.3

of

Unbanked

and

2011 FDIC National Survey

Number Pct of Number
(1000s) Row (1000s)

Banked, but
Account Type
Unknown

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Number Pct of
(1000s) Row

60

Table A-12 2011 Household Bank Account Type by Demographic Characteristics (continued)
Bank Account Type

All Households

Unbanked
Households

Memo Items

Checking and
Savings Account Checking Account
Savings Accounts
Only
Only

Household
Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number Pct of Number
(1000s) Row (1000s)

Pct of
Row

45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment
Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and
$30,000
Between $30,000 and
$50,000
Between $50,000 and
$75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic
Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan
Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside Principal City
Not Inside Principal
City
Not Identified
Not in Metropolitan
Area
Not Identified

24,658
22,036
25,625

20.5
18.3
21.3

2,002
1,202
997

8.1
5.5
3.9

16,994
15,510
17,354

68.9
70.4
67.7

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

11.9
28.6
28.2
31.2

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

25.8
10.9
5.9
1.1

4,992
20,068
24,073
31,791

72,580
6,779
41,049

60.3
5.6
34.1

3,818
1,525
4,532

5.3
22.5
11.0

19,541

16.2

5,510

22,073

18.3

24,787

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

474
459
538

1.9
2.1
2.1

4,850
4,526
6,191

19.7
20.5
24.2

34.9
58.2
70.8
84.5

709
898
520
252

5.0
2.6
1.5
0.7

4,706
9,145
6,895
4,632

53,454
3,269
24,201

73.6
48.2
59.0

1,136
196
1,048

1.6
2.9
2.6

28.2

6,424

32.9

863

2,581

11.7

11,700

53.0

20.6

1,221

4.9

16,861

21,975
32,032

18.3
26.6

431
132

2.0
0.4

79,144
41,264

65.7
34.3

2,238
7,637

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

18.1
22.3
37.3
22.3

100,311
33,636

Banked, but
Account Type
Unknown

Pct of Number
Row (1000s)

Has Checking
Account

Has Savings
Account

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number Pct of
(1000s) Row

338
340
545

1.4
1.5
2.1

21,875
20,078
23,594

88.7
91.1
92.1

17,476
15,970
17,899

70.9
72.5
69.8

32.9
26.5
20.3
12.3

218
586
520
526

1.5
1.7
1.5
1.4

9,719
29,274
31,025
36,490

67.9
84.9
91.2
97.0

5,710
20,971
24,599
32,051

39.9
60.9
72.3
85.2

13,233
1,676
10,470

18.2
24.7
25.5

940
113
798

1.3
1.7
1.9

66,798
4,961
34,749

92.0
73.2
84.7

54,606
3,465
25,260

75.2
51.1
61.5

4.4

6,415

32.8

329

1.7

12,884

65.9

7,301

37.4

717

3.2

6,707

30.4

369

1.7

18,433

83.5

12,418

56.3

68.0

431

1.7

5,877

23.7

397

1.6

22,781

91.9

17,297

69.8

17,486
28,453

79.6
88.8

213
155

1.0
0.5

3,521
2,859

16.0
8.9

323
433

1.5
1.4

21,041
31,369

95.7
97.9

17,700
28,614

80.5
89.3

2.8
18.5

60,521
20,402

76.5
49.4

1,055
1,325

1.3
3.2

14,071
11,308

17.8
27.4

1,259
592

1.6
1.4

74,710
31,799

94.4
77.1

61,592
21,738

77.8
52.7

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

7.1
7.1
10.0
7.2

15,468
18,477
27,478
19,500

71.0
68.7
61.2
72.7

441
653
846
439

2.0
2.4
1.9
1.6

4,028
5,440
11,351
4,559

18.5
20.2
25.3
17.0

309
410
751
381

1.4
1.5
1.7
1.4

19,553
23,953
38,905
24,098

89.8
89.0
86.6
89.9

15,910
19,136
28,337
19,948

73.0
71.1
63.1
74.4

83.3
27.9

8,029
4,066

8.0
12.1

68,955
21,551

68.7
64.1

1,827
794

1.8
2.4

19,936
6,736

19.9
20.0

1,564
489

1.6
1.5

89,066
28,357

88.8
84.3

70,797
22,359

70.6
66.5

49,548
17,127

41.2
14.2

2,754
1,209

5.6
7.1

35,737
11,667

72.1
68.1

659
374

1.3
2.2

9,574
3,626

19.3
21.2

823
252

1.7
1.5

45,376
15,334

91.6
89.5

36,398
12,040

73.5
70.3

19,193
903

15.9
0.8

1,764
83

9.2
9.2

11,444
525

59.6
58.1

526
26

2.7
2.9

5,174
268

27.0
29.7

285
2

1.5
0.2

16,649
793

86.7
87.8

11,983
551

62.4
61.0

of

Unbanked

and

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.

2011 FDIC National Survey

Underbanked Households • September 2012

61

Table A-13 2011 Household Bank Account Type by Demographic Characteristics: Underbanked Households
Bank Account Type
All Underbanked
Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Checking and Savings
Accounts

Savings Account Only

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Pct of
Row

Memo Items

Checking Account Only
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Banked, but Account
Type Unknown

Has Checking Account

Has Savings Account

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Pct of
Row

Pct of
Row

All Underbanked Households
24,199
100.0
15,113
62.5
1,297
5.4
7,548
31.2
240
1.0
22,723
93.9
16,418
67.8
Household Type
Family household
16,931
100.0
10,935
64.6
772
4.6
5,060
29.9
164
1.0
16,043
94.8
11,715
69.2
Female householder, no
husband present
4,598
100.0
2,490
54.2
292
6.4
1,752
38.1
64
1.4
4,261
92.7
2,788
60.6
Male householder, no wife
present
1,662
100.0
985
59.3
126
7.6
537
32.3
13
0.8
1,524
91.7
1,111
66.9
Married couple
10,671
100.0
7,461
69.9
353
3.3
2,770
26.0
87
0.8
10,257
96.1
7,815
73.2
Nonfamily household
7,239
100.0
4,167
57.6
522
7.2
2,482
34.3
68
0.9
6,663
92.0
4,689
64.8
Female householder
3,359
100.0
1,913
57.0
190
5.7
1,216
36.2
40
1.2
3,129
93.2
2,103
62.6
Male householder
3,880
100.0
2,254
58.1
332
8.5
1,266
32.6
29
0.7
3,534
91.1
2,586
66.6
Other
29
100.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Race/Ethnicity
Black
5,441
100.0
3,198
58.8
410
7.5
1,756
32.3
76
1.4
4,983
91.6
3,609
66.3
Hispanic non-Black
3,927
100.0
2,174
55.4
220
5.6
1,502
38.2
31
0.8
3,688
93.9
2,398
61.1
Asian
825
100.0
634
76.8
21
2.6
168
20.3
2
0.3
802
97.2
655
79.4
American Indian/Alaskan
372
100.0
218
58.5
38
10.2
115
30.9
1
0.4
333
89.4
257
69.1
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
81
100.0
66
82.2
1
1.6
12
15.1
1
1.1
79
97.3
68
83.7
White non-Black non-Hispanic
13,551
100.0
8,820
65.1
607
4.5
3,995
29.5
128
0.9
12,836
94.7
9,429
69.6
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
3
100.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spanish Is Only Language
Spoken
Spanish is not only language
spoken
23,496
100.0
14,816
63.1
1,251
5.3
7,199
30.6
230
1.0
22,072
93.9
16,074
68.4
Spanish is only language spoken
703
100.0
298
42.3
47
6.6
349
49.6
10
1.4
651
92.5
344
48.9
Nativity
U.S.-born
20,038
100.0
12,606
62.9
1,117
5.6
6,116
30.5
198
1.0
18,772
93.7
13,730
68.5
Foreign-born citizen
1,880
100.0
1,299
69.1
59
3.2
496
26.4
26
1.4
1,800
95.7
1,358
72.3
Foreign-born non-citizen
2,282
100.0
1,208
52.9
122
5.3
936
41.0
16
0.7
2,151
94.3
1,330
58.3
Age Group
15 to 24 years
1,955
100.0
1,229
62.9
87
4.4
614
31.4
25
1.3
1,851
94.7
1,316
67.3
25 to 34 years
4,993
100.0
3,207
64.2
212
4.2
1,541
30.9
33
0.7
4,757
95.3
3,419
68.5
35 to 44 years
4,918
100.0
2,974
60.5
241
4.9
1,661
33.8
41
0.8
4,648
94.5
3,217
65.4
45 to 54 years
5,336
100.0
3,484
65.3
278
5.2
1,522
28.5
52
1.0
5,013
93.9
3,762
70.5
55 to 64 years
4,064
100.0
2,495
61.4
258
6.4
1,283
31.6
28
0.7
3,787
93.2
2,755
67.8
65 years or more
2,933
100.0
1,724
58.8
222
7.6
926
31.6
61
2.1
2,668
91.0
1,950
66.5
Education
No high school degree
3,505
100.0
1,495
42.7
370
10.6
1,599
45.6
41
1.2
3,105
88.6
1,870
53.3
High school degree
7,638
100.0
4,102
53.7
532
7.0
2,924
38.3
80
1.0
7,045
92.2
4,634
60.7
Some college
7,676
100.0
5,159
67.2
296
3.9
2,152
28.0
70
0.9
7,333
95.5
5,456
71.1
College degree
5,380
100.0
4,357
81.0
100
1.9
873
16.2
50
0.9
5,240
97.4
4,458
82.9
Employment Status
Employed
15,515
100.0
10,473
67.5
645
4.2
4,279
27.6
117
0.8
14,779
95.3
11,122
71.7
Unemployed
1,899
100.0
1,060
55.8
135
7.1
685
36.1
18
1.0
1,749
92.1
1,195
63.0
Not in labor force
6,786
100.0
3,580
52.8
517
7.6
2,584
38.1
105
1.5
6,194
91.3
4,101
60.4
Household Income
Less than $15,000
4,225
100.0
1,620
38.3
491
11.6
2,046
48.4
68
1.6
3,692
87.4
2,117
50.1
Between $15,000 and $30,000
5,628
100.0
2,856
50.8
437
7.8
2,287
40.6
47
0.8
5,155
91.6
3,293
58.5
Between $30,000 and $50,000
5,787
100.0
3,688
63.7
233
4.0
1,816
31.4
50
0.9
5,516
95.3
3,921
67.8
Between $50,000 and $75,000
4,142
100.0
3,154
76.1
96
2.3
855
20.6
37
0.9
4,015
96.9
3,250
78.5
At Least $75,000
4,418
100.0
3,795
85.9
40
0.9
545
12.3
37
0.8
4,345
98.3
3,837
86.9
Homeownership
Homeowner
12,590
100.0
8,803
69.9
497
3.9
3,176
25.2
114
0.9
12,001
95.3
9,305
73.9
Non-homeowner
11,610
100.0
6,311
54.4
801
6.9
4,372
37.7
126
1.1
10,722
92.4
7,113
61.3
Geographic Region
Northeast
3,908
100.0
2,641
67.6
215
5.5
1,029
26.3
23
0.6
3,676
94.1
2,856
73.1
Midwest
4,772
100.0
2,840
59.5
371
7.8
1,500
31.4
61
1.3
4,354
91.2
3,214
67.3
South
10,429
100.0
6,045
58.0
487
4.7
3,781
36.3
116
1.1
9,863
94.6
6,532
62.6
West
5,090
100.0
3,586
70.5
226
4.4
1,238
24.3
40
0.8
4,830
94.9
3,816
75.0
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
20,066
100.0
12,933
64.5
943
4.7
5,976
29.8
214
1.1
18,963
94.5
13,882
69.2
Inside principal city
7,485
100.0
4,688
62.6
476
6.4
2,237
29.9
83
1.1
6,944
92.8
5,169
69.1
Not inside principal city
9,214
100.0
6,110
66.3
277
3.0
2,720
29.5
107
1.2
8,850
96.0
6,388
69.3
Not identified
3,367
100.0
2,135
63.4
190
5.7
1,018
30.2
23
0.7
3,169
94.1
2,325
69.1
Not in Metropolitan Area
3,857
100.0
2,035
52.8
337
8.7
1,459
37.8
26
0.7
3,501
90.8
2,374
61.5
Not identified
276
100.0
145
52.6
17
6.3
113
41.1
259
93.7
163
58.9
Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

62

Table A-14 2011 Household Bank Account Type by Demographic Characteristics: Fully Banked Households
Bank Account Type
All Fully Banked
Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Checking and Savings
Accounts

Savings Account Only

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Pct of
Row

Memo Items

Checking Account Only
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Banked, but Account
Type Unknown

Has Checking Account

Has Savings Account

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Pct of
Row

Pct of
Row

All Fully Banked Households
82,830
100.0
63,839
77.1
1,053
1.3
17,164
20.7
774
0.9
81,134
98.0
64,911
78.4
Household Type
Family household
53,797
100.0
43,483
80.8
582
1.1
9,212
17.1
521
1.0
52,795
98.1
44,075
81.9
Female householder, no
husband present
7,544
100.0
5,213
69.1
162
2.1
2,081
27.6
88
1.2
7,327
97.1
5,375
71.3
Male householder, no wife
present
3,006
100.0
2,028
67.5
51
1.7
867
28.9
59
2.0
2,924
97.3
2,083
69.3
Married couple
43,247
100.0
36,241
83.8
368
0.9
6,264
14.5
373
0.9
42,544
98.4
36,617
84.7
Nonfamily household
28,978
100.0
20,314
70.1
471
1.6
7,941
27.4
252
0.9
28,286
97.6
20,794
71.8
Female householder
15,868
100.0
11,189
70.5
238
1.5
4,285
27.0
157
1.0
15,489
97.6
11,434
72.1
Male householder
13,110
100.0
9,126
69.6
233
1.8
3,656
27.9
95
0.7
12,797
97.6
9,360
71.4
Other
55
100.0
42
76.9
11
19.7
2
3.4
53
96.6
42
76.9
Race/Ethnicity
Black
6,672
100.0
4,366
65.4
203
3.0
2,024
30.3
80
1.2
6,389
95.8
4,569
68.5
Hispanic non-Black
6,677
100.0
4,355
65.2
180
2.7
2,068
31.0
75
1.1
6,436
96.4
4,535
67.9
Asian
3,844
100.0
2,998
78.0
83
2.2
728
18.9
35
0.9
3,727
97.0
3,081
80.2
American Indian/Alaskan
765
100.0
560
73.2
17
2.2
186
24.3
2
0.3
746
97.5
577
75.4
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
168
100.0
122
72.5
40
23.7
6
3.5
161
96.2
122
72.8
White non-Black non-Hispanic
64,690
100.0
51,429
79.5
569
0.9
12,115
18.7
576
0.9
63,660
98.4
52,017
80.4
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
14
100.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Spanish Is Only Language
Spoken
Spanish is not only language
spoken
82,018
100.0
63,435
77.3
1,036
1.3
16,789
20.5
758
0.9
80,346
98.0
64,491
78.6
Spanish is only language spoken
812
100.0
404
49.7
16
2.0
375
46.2
16
2.0
787
97.0
420
51.8
Nativity
U.S.-born
73,435
100.0
57,272
78.0
840
1.1
14,631
19.9
691
0.9
72,020
98.1
58,132
79.2
Foreign-born citizen
5,783
100.0
4,193
72.5
125
2.2
1,409
24.4
56
1.0
5,612
97.0
4,318
74.7
Foreign-born non-citizen
3,612
100.0
2,374
65.7
87
2.4
1,123
31.1
27
0.7
3,501
97.0
2,461
68.1
Age Group
15 to 24 years
3,129
100.0
2,203
70.4
40
1.3
847
27.1
40
1.3
3,060
97.8
2,247
71.8
25 to 34 years
12,286
100.0
9,628
78.4
148
1.2
2,373
19.3
137
1.1
12,029
97.9
9,781
79.6
35 to 44 years
13,996
100.0
11,166
79.8
177
1.3
2,555
18.3
98
0.7
13,736
98.1
11,344
81.1
45 to 54 years
16,553
100.0
13,082
79.0
190
1.1
3,158
19.1
123
0.7
16,263
98.2
13,280
80.2
55 to 64 years
16,132
100.0
12,648
78.4
189
1.2
3,121
19.3
174
1.1
15,796
97.9
12,837
79.6
65 years or more
20,733
100.0
15,112
72.9
307
1.5
5,111
24.7
202
1.0
20,249
97.7
15,422
74.4
Education
No high school degree
6,677
100.0
3,288
49.2
330
4.9
2,983
44.7
76
1.1
6,281
94.1
3,622
54.3
High school degree
21,969
100.0
15,448
70.3
353
1.6
5,942
27.0
226
1.0
21,428
97.5
15,806
71.9
Some college
23,388
100.0
18,361
78.5
217
0.9
4,592
19.6
219
0.9
22,984
98.3
18,581
79.4
College degree
30,796
100.0
26,742
86.8
153
0.5
3,648
11.8
254
0.8
30,441
98.8
26,901
87.4
Employment Status
Employed
51,294
100.0
41,815
81.5
480
0.9
8,577
16.7
422
0.8
50,469
98.4
42,308
82.5
Unemployed
3,218
100.0
2,146
66.7
58
1.8
952
29.6
62
1.9
3,111
96.7
2,204
68.5
Not in labor force
28,318
100.0
19,878
70.2
515
1.8
7,635
27.0
291
1.0
27,554
97.3
20,399
72.0
Household Income
Less than $15,000
9,299
100.0
4,624
49.7
358
3.9
4,215
45.3
102
1.1
8,858
95.3
4,990
53.7
Between $15,000 and $30,000
13,134
100.0
8,480
64.6
273
2.1
4,223
32.1
158
1.2
12,716
96.8
8,756
66.7
Between $30,000 and $50,000
17,015
100.0
12,731
74.8
196
1.2
3,926
23.1
162
1.0
16,687
98.1
12,932
76.0
Between $50,000 and $75,000
16,757
100.0
13,950
83.2
111
0.7
2,563
15.3
133
0.8
16,535
98.7
14,062
83.9
At Least $75,000
26,624
100.0
24,053
90.3
114
0.4
2,238
8.4
219
0.8
26,338
98.9
24,172
90.8
Homeownership
Homeowner
61,833
100.0
50,225
81.2
537
0.9
10,520
17.0
552
0.9
60,828
98.4
50,772
82.1
Non-homeowner
20,996
100.0
13,614
64.8
516
2.5
6,644
31.6
223
1.1
20,306
96.7
14,139
67.3
Geographic Region
15,675
100.0
12,410
79.2
225
1.4
2,904
18.5
136
0.9
15,354
98.0
12,635
80.6
Northeast
Midwest
19,379
100.0
15,185
78.4
278
1.4
3,764
19.4
151
0.8
18,971
97.9
15,466
79.8
South
28,772
100.0
20,846
72.5
346
1.2
7,289
25.3
290
1.0
28,174
97.9
21,206
73.7
West
19,005
100.0
15,397
81.0
203
1.1
3,206
16.9
198
1.0
18,635
98.1
15,605
82.1
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
69,203
100.0
54,274
78.4
859
1.2
13,427
19.4
643
0.9
67,808
98.0
55,142
79.7
Inside principal city
21,111
100.0
16,265
77.0
308
1.5
4,302
20.4
236
1.1
20,606
97.6
16,582
78.5
Not inside principal city
36,057
100.0
28,773
79.8
376
1.0
6,606
18.3
302
0.8
35,422
98.2
29,149
80.8
Not identified
12,034
100.0
9,236
76.7
175
1.5
2,519
20.9
105
0.9
11,780
97.9
9,411
78.2
Not in Metropolitan Area
13,096
100.0
9,197
70.2
185
1.4
3,584
27.4
129
1.0
12,804
97.8
9,393
71.7
Not identified
531
100.0
368
69.3
9
1.6
153
28.8
2
0.3
521
98.1
377
70.9
Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

63

Table A-15 2011 Unbanked Households’ Previous Banking Status by Demographic Characteristics:
All Households
Unbanked Status
All Households
Household Characteristic

of

100.0

9,875

8.2

4,411

3.7

5,269

4.4

110,728

92.0

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,960
1,702
2,258
11

7.5
19.1
14.3
3.7
9.5
7.8
11.4
10.9

2,392
1,275
298
819
2,013
860
1,153
6

3.0
8.2
5.3
1.4
4.9
4.0
5.8
5.4

3,399
1,658
471
1,269
1,865
798
1,068
6

4.3
10.6
8.3
2.2
4.5
3.7
5.4
5.4

73,036
12,641
4,892
55,502
37,601
20,031
17,571
91

92.7
81.2
86.4
96.4
90.7
92.4
88.8
89.1

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
23

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

3,430
2,762
134
202
17
3,330
NA

21.4
20.1
2.7
14.5
6.2
4.0
NA

1,588
714
33
83
6
1,988
NA

9.9
5.2
0.7
5.9
2.1
2.4
NA

1,768
2,011
101
119
9
1,261
NA

11.0
14.7
2.0
8.6
3.5
1.5
NA

12,690
10,986
4,851
1,187
252
80,739
NA

79.1
80.1
97.3
85.5
94.3
96.1
NA

117,940
2,467

100.0
100.0

8,965
910

7.6
36.9

4,302
109

3.6
4.4

4,480
790

3.8
32.0

109,159
1,569

92.6
63.6

104,143
8,380
7,885

100.0
100.0
100.0

7,673
453
1,750

7.4
5.4
22.2

4,038
134
239

3.9
1.6
3.0

3,476
305
1,489

3.3
3.6
18.9

96,630
7,941
6,157

92.8
94.8
78.1

6,299
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

17.4
12.7
9.3
8.1
5.5
3.9

473
1,185
832
866
584
471

7.5
5.8
3.9
3.5
2.6
1.8

609
1,377
1,129
1,072
581
501

9.7
6.8
5.3
4.3
2.6
2.0

5,217
17,813
19,453
22,720
20,871
24,654

82.8
87.4
90.8
92.1
94.7
96.2

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

25.8
10.9
5.9
1.1

1,346
1,730
1,153
181

9.4
5.0
3.4
0.5

2,278
1,949
820
223

15.9
5.7
2.4
0.6

10,698
30,782
32,037
37,211

74.7
89.3
94.2
98.9

72,580
6,779
41,049

100.0
100.0
100.0

3,818
1,525
4,532

5.3
22.5
11.0

1,628
822
1,961

2.2
12.1
4.8

2,121
669
2,479

2.9
9.9
6.0

68,831
5,288
36,609

94.8
78.0
89.2

19,541
22,073
24,787
21,975
32,032

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

5,510
2,581
1,221
431
132

28.2
11.7
4.9
2.0
0.4

2,504
1,161
481
202
62

12.8
5.3
1.9
0.9
0.2

2,926
1,334
717
222
70

15.0
6.0
2.9
1.0
0.2

14,111
19,577
23,589
21,552
31,899

72.2
88.7
95.2
98.1
99.6

79,144
41,264

100.0
100.0

2,238
7,637

2.8
18.5

1,075
3,336

1.4
8.1

1,105
4,164

1.4
10.1

76,964
33,764

97.2
81.8

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

7.1
7.1
10.0
7.2

611
1,003
1,968
829

2.8
3.7
4.4
3.1

895
877
2,439
1,059

4.1
3.3
5.4
3.9

20,279
25,019
40,513
24,917

93.1
93.0
90.2
93.0

100,311
33,636
49,548
17,127
19,193
903

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

8,029
4,066
2,754
1,209
1,764
83

8.0
12.1
5.6
7.1
9.2
9.2

3,492
1,607
1,253
632
892
27

3.5
4.8
2.5
3.7
4.6
3.0

4,373
2,382
1,439
552
840
56

4.4
7.1
2.9
3.2
4.4
6.2

92,446
29,647
46,856
15,943
17,462
820

92.2
88.1
94.6
93.1
91.0
90.8

and

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Unknown

120,408

Unbanked

Pct of
Row

Never-Banked

Pct of
Row

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

Number
(1000s)

Previously
Banked

Number
(1000s)

All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Non-family household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not identified

2011 FDIC National Survey

All Unbanked
Households

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

64

Table A-16 2011 Unbanked Households’ Previous Banking Status by Demographic Characteristics:
All Unbanked Households
Unbanked Status

All Unbanked
Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

Previously Banked

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Never-Banked
Number
(1000s)

Unknown

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

9,875

100.0

4,411

44.7

5,269

53.4

196

2.0

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,960
1,702
2,258
11

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,392
1,275
298
819
2,013
860
1,153
NA

40.5
42.9
36.9
38.5
50.8
50.5
51.1
NA

3,399
1,658
471
1,269
1,865
798
1,068
NA

57.6
55.8
58.4
59.7
47.1
46.9
47.3
NA

114
37
38
39
82
44
37
NA

1.9
1.2
4.7
1.8
2.1
2.6
1.7
NA

3,430
2,762
134
202
17
3,330

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

1,588
714
33
83
NA
1,988

46.3
25.8
24.2
40.9
NA
59.7

1,768
2,011
101
119
NA
1,261

51.5
72.8
75.3
59.1
NA
37.9

75
37
1
NA
81

2.2
1.4
0.5
NA
2.4

8,965
910

100.0
100.0

4,302
109

48.0
12.0

4,480
790

50.0
86.7

184
12

2.0
1.3

7,673
453
1,750

100.0
100.0
100.0

4,038
134
239

52.6
29.6
13.6

3,476
305
1,489

45.3
67.4
85.1

159
14
22

2.1
3.0
1.3

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

473
1,185
832
866
584
471

43.2
45.8
41.7
43.2
48.6
47.2

609
1,377
1,129
1,072
581
501

55.7
53.2
56.6
53.5
48.4
50.2

12
25
33
64
37
25

1.1
1.0
1.6
3.2
3.1
2.5

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

1,346
1,731
1,153
181

36.4
46.0
57.6
43.9

2,278
1,949
820
223

61.6
51.8
40.9
53.9

73
85
29
9

2.0
2.2
1.4
2.3

3,818
1,525
4,532

100.0
100.0
100.0

1,628
822
1,961

42.6
53.9
43.3

2,121
669
2,479

55.6
43.9
54.7

69
34
92

1.8
2.2
2.0

5,510
2,581
1,221
431
132

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,504
1,161
481
202
62

45.4
45.0
39.4
46.8
47.1

2,926
1,334
717
222
70

53.1
51.7
58.7
51.5
52.9

80
85
23
8
-

1.5
3.3
1.9
1.8
-

2,238
7,637

100.0
100.0

1,075
3,336

48.0
43.7

1,105
4,164

49.4
54.5

58
137

2.6
1.8

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

611
1,004
1,968
829

39.7
52.3
43.8
43.0

895
877
2,439
1,059

58.2
45.7
54.3
55.0

32
40
86
38

2.1
2.1
1.9
2.0

8,029
4,066
2,754
1,209
1,764
83

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

3,492
1,607
1,253
632
892
27

43.5
39.5
45.5
52.3
50.6
32.4

4,373
2,383
1,439
552
840
56

54.5
58.6
52.3
45.6
47.6
67.6

163
77
62
25
32
-

2.0
1.9
2.2
2.1
1.8
-

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

65

Table A-17 Unbanked Households’ Previous Banking Status by Year: All Households
All Households
Number (1000s)
Household Characteristic
All Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Unknown
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West

Previously Banked
Pct of Row

Previous Banking
Status Unknown

Never Banked
Pct of Row
2009

3.7

-0.2

3.7

4.4

0.7 *

92.5

92.0

3.5
9.9
6.7
1.7
4.4
3.8
5.2
13.7

3.0
8.2
5.3
1.4
4.9
4.0
5.8
5.4

-0.4 *
-1.7
-1.5
-0.3 *
0.4
0.2
0.7
-8.3

3.5
9.3
7.8
1.8
4.0
2.7
5.4
8.9

4.3
10.6
8.3
2.2
4.5
3.7
5.4
5.4

0.8 *
1.4 *
0.5
0.4 *
0.5 *
1.0 *
0.0
-3.4

93.0
80.8
85.5
96.5
91.6
93.5
89.4
77.4

92.7
81.2
86.4
96.4
90.7
92.4
88.8
89.1

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
NA

11.2
5.8
1.1
7.7
6.2
2.2
NA

9.9
5.2
0.7
5.9
2.1
2.4
NA

-1.3 *
-0.6
-0.5
-1.8
-4.1
0.2
NA

9.8
13.2
2.4
7.0
2.4
1.1
NA

11.0
14.7
2.0
8.6
3.5
1.5
NA

1.2 *
1.5 *
-0.3
1.6
1.2
0.4 *
NA

79.0
81.0
96.5
85.3
91.4
96.7
NA

79.1
80.1
97.3
85.5
94.3
96.1
NA

116,479
2,522

117,940
2,467

3.8
5.5

3.6
4.4

-0.1
-1.0

3.1
29.9

3.8
32.0

0.7 *
2.1

93.1
64.7

92.6
63.6

103,091
7,829
8,081

104,143
8,380
7,885

3.9
2.1
4.5

3.9
1.6
3.0

-0.0
-0.5
-1.5

2.7
3.1
16.9

3.3
3.6
18.9

0.6 *
0.5
2.0

93.4
94.7
78.6

92.8
94.8
78.1

6,596
19,702
22,590
24,863
20,274
24,977

6,300
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

7.7
5.8
4.6
3.8
2.5
1.6

7.5
5.8
3.9
3.5
2.6
1.8

-0.2
-0.0
-0.7
-0.3
0.1
0.2

8.0
5.7
4.2
3.5
2.2
1.8

9.7
6.8
5.3
4.3
2.6
2.0

1.7 *
1.1 *
1.1 *
0.8 *
0.4
0.1

84.3
88.5
91.2
92.7
95.2
96.6

82.8
87.4
90.8
92.1
94.7
96.2

15,006
34,654
33,312
36,029

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

9.1
5.2
3.4
0.6

9.4
5.0
3.4
0.5

0.3
-0.2
-0.0
-0.1

15.1
4.2
1.4
0.6

15.9
5.7
2.4
0.6

0.8
1.5 *
1.0 *
0.0

75.8
90.6
95.2
98.8

74.7
89.3
94.2
98.9

73,155
6,642
39,203

72,580
6,779
41,049

2.8
10.4
4.6

2.2
12.1
4.8

-0.6 *
1.7
0.2

2.5
8.4
5.0

2.9
9.9
6.0

0.4 *
1.4
1.0 *

94.6
81.2
90.4

94.8
78.0
89.2

15,689
17,443
21,512
18,988
27,881
17,488

16,699
18,599
20,984
18,773
27,770
17,583

13.9
6.6
2.2
1.0
0.1
2.9

13.7
5.5
1.8
0.7
0.1
3.2

-0.2
-1.2
-0.4
-0.3
0.0
0.2

13.0
6.1
1.9
0.5
0.2
4.3

15.6
5.7
2.6
0.7
0.1
5.1

2.6 *
-0.4
0.8 *
0.2
-0.1
0.8 *

73.1
87.3
95.9
98.5
99.7
92.8

70.7
88.9
95.5
98.7
99.8
91.7

80,388
38,613

79,144
41,264

1.4
8.8

1.4
8.1

-0.0
-0.8

1.1
9.0

1.4
10.1

0.3 *
1.1 *

97.5
82.2

97.2
81.8

21,689
26,601
44,081
26,630

21,784
26,900
44,920
26,804

3.3
3.6
4.5
3.2

2.8
3.7
4.4
3.1

-0.5
0.1
-0.1
-0.1

3.5
2.4
4.7
3.4

4.1
3.3
5.4
3.9

0.6
0.9 *
0.7 *
0.5

93.2
94.0
90.7
93.3

93.1
93.0
90.2
93.0

2011

2009

119,001

120,408

3.8

78,743
13,975
5,433
59,336
40,126
21,147
18,979
131

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

15,541
13,241
4,790
1,378
259
83,785
6

2011

2011

Estimated
Difference

* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

Pct of Row

Estimated
Difference

2009

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

2009

2011

66

Table A-18 2011 Timeframe in Which Previously Banked Households Became Unbanked by Demographic
Characteristics
All Previously
Unbanked Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

All Previously Banked Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

Pct of
Row

Had Bank Account in Last Year
Within the last year
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

More than 1 year ago
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

4,411

100.0

896

20.3

3,439

78.0

76

1.7

2,392
1,275
298
819
2,013
860
1,153
6

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

557
274
90
194
338
131
207
NA

23.3
21.5
30.1
23.6
16.8
15.3
18.0
NA

1,785
982
197
606
1,649
712
937
NA

74.6
77.0
66.3
74.0
81.9
82.7
81.3
NA

50
20
11
20
26
17
9
NA

2.1
1.5
3.6
2.4
1.3
2.0
0.8
NA

1,588
714
33
83
6
1,988

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

349
165
NA
18
NA
364

22.0
23.1
NA
21.7
NA
18.3

1,193
538
NA
65
NA
1,605

75.2
75.3
NA
78.3
NA
80.7

46
11
NA
NA
19

2.9
1.5
NA
NA
1.0

4,302
109

100.0
100.0

870
25

20.2
23.2

3,355
84

78.0
76.8

76
-

1.8
-

4,038
134
239

100.0
100.0
100.0

812
27
57

20.1
20.0
24.0

3,154
107
178

78.1
79.6
74.7

72
1
3

1.8
0.4
1.3

473
1,185
832
866
584
471

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

169
269
171
194
63
29

35.7
22.7
20.6
22.4
10.8
6.1

303
897
650
658
498
434

63.9
75.7
78.1
76.0
85.3
92.1

2
19
11
14
22
9

0.4
1.6
1.3
1.6
3.8
1.8

1,346
1,731
1,153
181

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

239
317
287
52

17.8
18.3
24.9
28.9

1,091
1,383
837
128

81.1
79.9
72.6
70.5

15
31
28
1

1.1
1.8
2.5
0.6

1,628
822
1,961

100.0
100.0
100.0

350
225
321

21.5
27.3
16.4

1,249
588
1,602

76.7
71.5
81.7

29
9
38

1.8
1.1
1.9

2,504
1,161
481
202
62

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

473
264
103
40
NA

18.9
22.7
21.5
20.0
NA

2,014
872
355
153
NA

80.4
75.1
73.8
75.7
NA

17
26
23
9
NA

0.7
2.2
4.7
4.3
NA

1,075
3,336

100.0
100.0

210
685

19.6
20.5

838
2,601

78.0
78.0

26
50

2.4
1.5

611
1,004
1,968
829

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

107
207
392
190

17.4
20.7
19.9
22.9

498
769
1,538
634

81.5
76.7
78.2
76.5

6
27
37
6

1.0
2.7
1.9
0.7

3,492
1,607
1,253
632
892
27

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

750
331
245
174
139
NA

21.5
20.6
19.5
27.6
15.6
NA

2,672
1,234
990
448
747
NA

76.5
76.8
79.0
70.9
83.7
NA

70
42
18
10
6
NA

2.0
2.6
1.4
1.5
0.7
NA

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

67

Table A-19 Timeframe in Which Previously Banked Household Became Unbanked by Year
All Previously
Banked Households
(1000s)
2009

Household Characteristic
All Previously Banked Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Unknown
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West

2011

Last Time Household Had a Bank Account
Within the Last Year
Pct of Row
2009

2011

Over a Year Ago

Estimated
Difference

Pct of Row
2009

2011

Unknown

Estimated
Difference

Pct of Row
2009

2011

4,543

4,411

28.0

20.3

-7.7 *

71.1

78.0

6.9 *

0.8

1.7

2,744
1,385
366
993
1,781
802
980
18

2,392
1,275
298
819
2,013
860
1,153
6

32.5
31.7
29.4
34.7
21.2
19.3
22.8
NA

23.3
21.5
30.1
23.6
16.8
15.3
18.0
NA

-9.2 *
-10.2 *
0.7
-11.1 *
-4.4 *
-4.0
-4.9
NA

66.6
67.5
69.0
64.4
78.1
79.7
76.7
NA

74.6
77.0
66.3
74.0
81.9
82.7
81.3
NA

8.0 *
9.5 *
-2.7
9.6 *
3.8
3.0
4.6
NA

0.9
0.8
1.6
0.9
0.7
1.0
0.4
NA

2.1
1.5
3.6
2.4
1.3
2.0
0.8
NA

1,746
775
53
106
16
1,847
0

1,588
714
33
83
6
1,988
-

24.7
37.9
26.7
39.0
NA
26.6
NA

22.0
23.1
0.0
21.7
NA
18.3
NA

-2.7
-14.7 *
-26.7 *
-17.2
NA
-8.3 *
NA

74.0
61.1
73.3
61.0
NA
73.1
NA

75.2
75.3
100.0
78.3
NA
80.7
NA

1.2
14.3 *
26.7 *
17.2
NA
7.7 *
NA

1.3
1.0
NA
0.3
NA

2.9
1.5
NA
1.0
NA

4,405
138

4,302
109

27.9
33.9

20.2
23.2

-7.6 *
-10.6

71.4
63.3

78.0
76.8

6.6 *
13.4

0.8
2.8

1.8
0.0

4,010
168
365

4,038
134
239

26.6
49.3
33.9

20.1
20.0
24.0

-6.5 *
-29.4 *
-9.9

72.6
48.1
65.0

78.1
79.6
74.7

5.5 *
31.5 *
9.7

0.7
2.5
1.1

1.8
0.4
1.3

509
1,152
1,028
945
512
398

473
1,185
832
866
584
471

43.9
33.8
28.1
24.3
19.0
11.4

35.7
22.7
20.6
22.4
10.8
6.1

-8.2
-11.1 *
-7.5 *
-1.9
-8.2 *
-5.3

54.1
65.6
71.5
74.8
81.0
86.5

63.9
75.7
78.1
76.0
85.3
92.1

9.8
10.1 *
6.7 *
1.2
4.3
5.6

2.0
0.6
0.4
0.9
0.0
2.1

0.4
1.6
1.3
1.6
3.8
1.8

1,372
1,819
1,136
216

1,346
1,731
1,153
181

24.0
29.7
30.5
27.1

17.8
18.3
24.9
28.9

-6.2 *
-11.4 *
-5.6
1.8

75.0
69.0
69.5
72.9

81.1
79.9
72.6
70.5

6.1 *
10.9 *
3.1
-2.4

1.0
1.3
0.0
0.0

1.1
1.8
2.5
0.6

2,064
690
1,789

1,628
822
1,961

29.4
36.5
23.3

21.5
27.3
16.4

-7.9 *
-9.1 *
-6.9 *

70.1
63.5
75.2

76.7
71.5
81.7

6.6 *
8.0 *
6.5 *

0.5
0.0
1.5

1.8
1.1
1.9

2,178
1,157
476
188
30
514

2,291
1,018
383
124
37
558

25.4
30.8
33.8
40.9
NA
22.0

19.0
21.9
25.0
21.1
NA
19.1

-6.4 *
-9.0 *
-8.8
-19.8 *
NA
-2.9

73.9
68.8
65.4
59.1
NA
75.1

80.6
76.4
72.2
75.6
NA
75.2

6.6 *
7.6 *
6.8
16.5
NA
0.0

0.7
0.4
0.8
0.0
NA
2.9

0.4
1.8
2.9
3.2
NA
5.7

1,127
3,416

1,075
3,336

26.6
28.5

19.6
20.5

-7.1 *
-8.0 *

72.3
70.7

78.0
78.0

5.7
7.2 *

1.1
0.8

2.4
1.5

721
964
1,996
861

611
1,004
1,968
829

23.9
27.4
28.8
30.4

17.4
20.7
19.9
22.9

-6.5
-6.8
-8.9
-7.5

75.4
71.2
70.6
68.6

81.5
76.7
78.2
76.5

6.1
5.4
7.6
7.8

0.6
1.3
0.6
0.9

1.0
2.7
1.9
0.7

Notes:
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero. (if
applicable)
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

68

Table A-20 2011 Reasons Households are Unbanked by Previous Banking Status
Unbanked Status

All Unbanked
Households
Main Reason Household is Unbanked

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking history
problems
Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements are
too high
Banks do not offer the needed products or services
Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Do not have enough money
Do not know how to open or manage an account
Do not need or want an account
Other/None of the above
Do not know/Refuse

Previously Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Never-Banked
Number
(1000s)

Unknown

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

9,875
632

100.0
6.4

4,411
418

100.0
9.5

5,269
211

100.0
4.0

195
4

100.0
1.8

648
141

6.6
1.4

244
63

5.5
1.4

399
79

7.6
1.5

5
-

2.4
-

529
41
736
3,226
126
2,070
1,301
425

5.4
0.4
7.5
32.7
1.3
21.0
13.2
4.3

315
32
360
1,466
48
688
654
121

7.1
0.7
8.2
33.2
1.1
15.6
14.8
2.7

208
8
374
1,727
78
1,372
627
186

4.0
0.2
7.1
32.8
1.5
26.0
11.9
3.5

6
1
33
10
19
118

2.9
0.7
16.7
5.1
9.8
60.5

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

Table A-21 2011 Reason Household is Unbanked by Timing of When Household Became Unbanked

Main Reason Household is Unbanked

Had Bank Account in Last Year Status

All Previously
Banked Households

Within the last year

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

All Previously Banked Households
Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking history
problems
Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements are
too high
Banks do not offer the needed products or services
Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Do not have enough money
Do not know how to open or manage an account
Do not need or want an account
Other/None of the above
Do not know/Refused

Pct of Col

Pct of Col

More than 1 year ago
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

4,411
418

100.0
9.5

896
94

100.0
10.5

3,439
324

100.0
9.4

76
-

100.0
-

244
63

5.5
1.4

37
16

4.1
1.8

208
47

6.0
1.4

-

-

315
32
360
1,466
48
688
654
121

7.1
0.7
8.2
33.2
1.1
15.6
14.8
2.7

100
8
55
258
8
102
195
23

11.1
0.9
6.1
28.8
0.9
11.4
21.8
2.6

207
24
305
1,202
40
586
445
51

6.0
0.7
8.9
34.9
1.2
17.0
12.9
1.5

8
7
13
47

10.8
9.2
17.7
62.2

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

69

Table A-22 2011 Reason Household is Unbanked by Race/Ethnicity
Race/Ethnicity
All Unbanked
Main Reason Household is Unbanked

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking
history problems
Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements
are too high
Banks do not offer the needed products or services
Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Do not have enough money
Do not know how to open or manage an account
Do not need or want an account
Other/None of the above
Do not know/Refused

Hispanic
non-Black

Black

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

White non-Black
non-Hispanic

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Other non-Black
non-Hispanic
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,875
632

100.0
6.4

3,430
261

100.0
7.6

2,762
102

100.0
3.7

3,330
246

100.0
7.4

353
23

100.0
6.4

648
141

6.6
1.4

165
40

4.8
1.2

310
48

11.2
1.8

159
46

4.8
1.4

14
7

4.0
2.0

529
41
736
3,226
126
2,070
1,301
425

5.4
0.4
7.5
32.7
1.3
21.0
13.2
4.3

202
9
205
1,230
40
707
406
165

5.9
0.3
6.0
35.9
1.2
20.6
11.8
4.8

134
12
203
902
36
610
306
100

4.8
0.4
7.3
32.7
1.3
22.1
11.1
3.6

187
20
304
971
49
675
524
149

5.6
0.6
9.1
29.2
1.5
20.3
15.7
4.5

6
24
123
2
79
65
11

1.7
6.7
34.9
0.5
22.3
18.5
3.0

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

Table A-23 2011 Reason Household is Unbanked by Nativity and Spanish Language Usage
Nativity
All Unbanked
Main Reason Household is Unbanked
All Unbanked Households
Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking history problems
Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements are too high
Banks do not offer the needed products or
services
Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Do not have enough money
Do not know how to open or manage an account
Do not need or want an account
Other/None of the above
Do not know/Refused

U.S.-born

Spanish is Only Language Spoken

Foreign-born citizen

Foreign-born
non-citizen

Spanish is not only
language spoken

Spanish is only
language spoken

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,875
632

100.0
6.4

7,673
549

100.0
7.2

453
25

100.0
5.4

1,750
59

100.0
3.3

8,965
602

100.0
6.7

910
30

100.0
3.3

648
141

6.6
1.4

367
109

4.8
1.4

10
3

2.2
0.8

271
28

15.5
1.6

479
136

5.3
1.5

169
5

18.5
0.6

529

5.4

444

5.8

12

2.7

73

4.2

498

5.6

31

3.4

41
736
3,226
126
2,070
1,301
425

0.4
7.5
32.7
1.3
21.0
13.2
4.3

36
597
2,529
83
1,550
1,064
343

0.5
7.8
33.0
1.1
20.2
13.9
4.5

24
153
3
103
86
33

5.3
33.9
0.8
22.8
18.9
7.3

4
115
544
39
417
151
49

0.2
6.6
31.1
2.2
23.8
8.6
2.8

37
671
2,945
111
1,864
1,215
407

0.4
7.5
32.8
1.2
20.8
13.5
4.5

4
65
282
15
207
86
18

0.4
7.1
30.9
1.7
22.7
9.4
1.9

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

70

Table A-24 2011 Reason Household is Unbanked by Education
Education
No high school
degree

All Unbanked
Number
Main Reason Household is Unbanked (1000s)
All Unbanked Households
Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking
history problems
Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements
are too high
Banks do not offer the needed products or services
Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Do not have enough money
Do not know how to open or manage an account
Do not need or want an account
Other/None of the above
Do not know/Refused
Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

High school
degree
Number
(1000s)

Some college

College degree

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,875
632

100.0
6.4

3,696
162

100.0
4.4

3,764
293

100.0
7.8

2,002
158

100.0
7.9

413
19

100.0
4.6

648
141

6.6
1.4

284
51

7.7
1.4

257
57

6.8
1.5

87
28

4.4
1.4

19
5

4.6
1.2

529
41
736
3,226
126
2,070
1,301
425

5.4
0.4
7.5
32.7
1.3
21.0
13.2
4.3

141
3
280
1,334
40
801
471
128

3.8
0.1
7.6
36.1
1.1
21.7
12.7
3.5

199
22
272
1,188
48
791
463
174

5.3
0.6
7.2
31.6
1.3
21.0
12.3
4.6

171
12
154
595
22
386
306
81

8.6
0.6
7.7
29.7
1.1
19.3
15.3
4.0

17
4
29
109
16
92
61
42

4.2
0.9
7.1
26.3
4.0
22.2
14.7
10.2

Table A-25 2011 Reason Household is Unbanked by Household Income
Household Income
All Unbanked
Main Reason Household is Unbanked
All Unbanked Households
Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking history problems
Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements are too high
Banks do not offer the needed products or
services
Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Do not have enough money
Do not know how to open or manage an account
Do not need or want an account
Other/None of the above
Do not know/Refused

Less than $15,000

Between $15,000
and $30,000

Between $30,000
and $50,000

Number
Number
(1000s) Pct of Col (1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,875
632

100.0
6.4

5,510
387

100.0
7.0

2,581
155

100.0
6.0

1,221
65

100.0
5.3

648
141

6.6
1.4

306
57

5.6
1.0

171
54

6.6
2.1

114
21

529

5.4

219

4.0

180

7.0

41
736
3,226
126
2,070
1,301
425

0.4
7.5
32.7
1.3
21.0
13.2
4.3

27
343
2,119
63
1,105
716
169

1
6.2
38.5
1.1
20.1
13.0
3.1

4
229
714
28
584
325
137

8.9
27.7
1.1
22.6
12.6
5.3

Between $50,000
and $75,000

At Least $75,000

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

431
23

100.0
5.3

132
2

100.0
1.8

9.3
1.7

49
-

11.3
-

8
8

5.8
6.2

98

8.0

28

6.6

4

3.0

7
139
281
21
249
158
68

1
11.4
23.0
1.7
20.4
12.9
5.6

4
24
77
9
103
68
46

1
5.7
17.9
2.0
23.9
15.7
10.7

1
35
5
29
35
5

0.6
26.3
4.1
22.1
26.4
3.8

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

71

Table A-26 2011 Reason Household is Unbanked by Employment Status
Employment Status
All Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Main Reason Household is Unbanked
All Unbanked Households
Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking history
problems
Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements are
too high
Banks do not offer the needed products or services
Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Do not have enough money
Do not know how to open or manage an account
Do not need or want an account
Other/None of the above
Do not know/Refused
Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

Employed

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Unemployed

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Not in labor force

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

9,875
632

100.0
6.4

3,818
234

100.0
6.1

1,525
118

100.0
7.8

4,532
280

100.0
6.2

648
141

6.6
1.4

283
71

7.4
1.9

128
26

8.4
1.7

237
44

5.2
1.0

529
41
736
3,226
126
2,070
1,301
425

5.4
0.4
7.5
32.7
1.3
21.0
13.2
4.3

253
26
357
1,040
45
885
445
180

6.6
0.7
9.4
27.2
1.2
23.2
11.7
4.7

98
7
62
698
8
189
151
38

6.4
0.5
4.0
45.8
0.5
12.4
9.9
2.5

178
7
317
1,489
73
996
704
207

3.9
0.2
7.0
32.9
1.6
22.0
15.5
4.6

Table A-27 2011 Reason Household is Unbanked by Region
All Unbanked
Households
Number
Main Reason Household is Unbanked (1000s)
All Unbanked Households
Previously had an account but the bank closed it
Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking
history problems
Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements
are too high
Banks do not offer the needed products or services
Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
Do not have enough money
Do not know how to open or manage an account
Do not need or want an account
Other/None of the above
Do not know/Refused

Pct of
Col

Geographic Region
Northeast
Number
(1000s)

Midwest

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

South

West

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,875
632

100.0
6.4

1,537
94

100.0
6.1

1,920
170

100.0
8.9

4,493
258

100.0
5.7

1,925
110

100.0
5.7

648
141

6.6
1.4

92
8

6.0
0.5

104
22

5.4
1.2

273
84

6.1
1.9

179
27

9.3
1.4

529
41
736
3,226
126
2,070
1,301
425

5.4
0.4
7.5
32.7
1.3
21.0
13.2
4.3

73
97
571
9
289
241
65

4.7
6.3
37.1
0.6
18.8
15.7
4.2

94
11
152
580
14
393
261
118

4.9
0.6
7.9
30.2
0.7
20.5
13.6
6.1

233
16
328
1,506
73
1,049
512
159

5.2
0.4
7.3
33.5
1.6
23.4
11.4
3.5

129
14
158
569
30
339
286
83

6.7
0.7
8.2
29.6
1.5
17.6
14.8
4.3

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

72

Table A-28 2011 Follow-Up Reasons Households are Unbanked
Unbanked Households
Follow Up Reasons Households are Unbanked
Bank Closed Account Due to Overdrafts or Bounced Checks
Yes
No
Do not Know/Refused
Total
Household Can’t Open an Account
Do not have the required identification to open an account
Bad credit history
Past banking history problems
Other reason
Do not Know/Refused
Total
Banks are Inconvenient
Bank has inconvenient hours
Bank has inconvenient locations
Other reason
Do not Know/Refused
Total
High Fees or Balance Requirements
Services charges are too high
Unexpected fees, such as overdraft charges
Minimum balances are too high
Other reason
Do not Know/Refused
Total
Main Service Needed Not Offered by Banks
Banks do not offer wire transfer (remittance) services
It takes too long to get funds from deposited checks
Cannot borrow money needed from banks
Do not Know/Refused
Total
Household Does Not Trust Banks or Like Dealing with Banks
There are language barriers at banks
Do not trust banks
Banks do not feel comfortable or welcoming
Other reason
Do not Know/Refused
Total

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

290
324
19
632

45.8
51.2
2.9
100.0

245
184
176
26
16
648

37.8
28.4
27.2
4.1
2.5
100.0

79
56
3
4
141

55.9
39.4
2.1
2.6
100.0

215
130
167
17
1
529

40.6
24.5
31.6
3.1
0.1
100.0

NA
NA
NA
NA
41

NA
NA
NA
NA
100.0

28
437
150
109
12
736

3.7
59.4
20.4
14.8
1.6
100.0

Notes:
Totals are based on households that reported the specified main reason for not having an account. Households that reported that the main
reason for not having is that they “Do not have enough money”, or “Do not know how to open or manage an account”, or “Do not need or
want an account” were not asked additional follow up reasons.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

73

Table A-29 Households’ Use of Specific AFS Products by Banking Status and Year
Banking Status
All Households
Number (1000s)
Types of AFS Used

Unbanked

Pct of Col

2009

2011

2009

2011

Ever used

43,179

49,221

36.3

40.9

Never used

72,480

67,774

60.9

56.3

3,342

3,413

2.8

2.8

Ever used

38,782

44,469

32.6

36.9

Never used

78,127

73,034

65.7

60.7

2,092

2,904

1.8

2.4

Ever used

13,988

17,109

11.8

14.2

Never used

101,000

99,628

84.9

82.7

3,976

3,670

3.3

3.0

Any AFSa

Unknown
Transaction AFS

Unknown
Credit AFS

Unknown

Estimated
Difference
4.6 *

-4.6 *
0.0
4.3 *

-5.0 *
0.7 *

2.5 *

-2.2 *
-0.3 *

Pct of Col
2009

2011

67.7

72.9

25.6

22.1

6.7

5.0

63.8

68.8

30.5

26.4

5.7

4.8

27.3

31.8

64.1

61.1

8.6

7.2

Underbanked
Estimated
Difference
5.1 *

-3.4 *

-1.7 *
5.0 *

-4.1 *
-0.9
4.5 *

-3.1 *

-1.4 *

Pct of Col
2009

2011

Fully Banked

Estimated
Difference
-5.8 *

100.0

94.2

0.0

5.7

0.0

0.1

0.1 *

89.2

87.4

-1.8 *

10.8

12.4

-

0.2

0.2 *

39.9

37.2

-2.6 *

58.1

61.7

2.1

1.0

5.7 *

1.6 *

3.6 *

-1.0 *

Pct of Col
2009

Underbanked Status Unknown
Estimated
Difference

2011

17.4

22.6

82.6

77.4

0.0

0.0

15.5

19.4

84.5

80.6

-

-

3.1

5.9

96.9

94.1

-

-

5.2 *

Pct of Col
2009

2011

Estimated
Difference
-3.4 *

18.0

14.6

0.0 *

0.0

2.6

82.0

82.7

3.9 *

13.9

13.0

39.0

18.8

47.1

68.2

21.1 *
-3.4 *

-5.2 *

-3.9 *
2.7 *

-2.7 *

6.4

3.0

11.0

19.5

-

82.6

77.5

2.6 *

0.7
-0.9 *

-20.2 *

8.5 *

-5.1 *

Notes:
a
Non-bank remittance use is excluded from 2011 figures because this data was not collected in 2009. The AFS transaction products included in this comparison are non-bank check cashing and non-bank money orders, and the AFS
credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent to own agreements, and refund anticipation loans.
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

74

Table A-30 2011 Households’ Use of AFS by Demographic Characteristics
Any AFS
All Households
Household Characteristic
All Households
Banking Status
Unbanked
Underbanked
Fully Banked
Banked but Underbanked Status
Unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder,
no husband
present
Male householder,
no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race and Ethnicity
of Householder
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/
Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific
Islander
White non-Black
non-Hispanic
Other non-Black
non-Hispanic
Spanish is Only
Language Spoken
Spanish is not only
language spoken
Spanish is only
language spoken
Nativity
U.S-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and
$30,000
Between $30,000 and
$50,000
Between $50,000 and
$75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner

Has Ever Used

Transaction Products

Has Never Used

Unknown

Has Ever Used

Has Never Used

Credit Products
Unknown

Has Ever Used

Has Never Used

Unknown

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

120,408

100.0

51,611

42.9

65,335

54.3

3,461

2.9

47,109

39.1

70,198

58.3

3,101

2.6

17,109

14.2

99,628

82.7

3,670

3.0

9,875
24,199
82,830

100.0
100.0
100.0

7,338
24,199
19,531

74.3
100.0
23.6

2,036
0
63,299

20.6
0.0
76.4

501
0
0

5.1
0.0
0.0

6,968
22,711
16,945

70.6
93.9
20.5

2,422
1,458
65,885

24.5
6.0
79.5

485
30
0

4.9
0.1
0.0

3,138
9,011
4,855

31.8
37.2
5.9

6,030
14,940
77,975

61.1
61.7
94.1

707
248
0

7.2
1.0
0.0

3,504

100.0

543

15.5

0

0.0

2,961

84.5

485

13.8

432

12.3

2,586

73.8

105

3.0

683

19.5

2,716

77.5

78,826

100.0

34,509

43.8

42,255

53.6

2,062

2.6

31,399

39.8

45,583

57.8

1,845

2.3

11,742

14.9

64,855

82.3

2,229

2.8

15,575

100.0

9,221

59.2

5,898

37.9

456

2.9

8,287

53.2

6,859

44.0

428

2.7

4,108

26.4

10,876

69.8

591

3.8

5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

3,109
22,179
17,042
8,082
8,960
60

54.9
38.5
41.1
37.3
45.3
58.7

2,346
34,011
23,042
12,803
10,239
37

41.4
59.1
55.6
59.0
51.7
36.7

206
1,400
1,395
803
591
5

3.6
2.4
3.4
3.7
3.0
4.6

2,816
20,295
15,657
7,453
8,203
54

49.8
35.2
37.7
34.4
41.5
52.7

2,668
36,056
24,572
13,517
11,055
44

47.1
62.6
59.2
62.3
55.9
42.7

176
1,240
1,251
718
533
5

3.1
2.2
3.0
3.3
2.7
4.6

1,260
6,374
5,352
2,364
2,988
16

22.3
11.1
12.9
10.9
15.1
15.2

4,162
49,817
34,691
18,552
16,139
82

73.5
86.5
83.6
85.5
81.5
80.2

239
1,400
1,436
772
664
5

4.2
2.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
4.6

16,046
13,710
4,985

100.0
100.0
100.0

10,242
7,461
1,381

63.8
54.4
27.7

5,170
5,880
3,439

32.2
42.9
69.0

633
369
165

3.9
2.7
3.3

9,471
6,911
1,346

59.0
50.4
27.0

6,012
6,463
3,490

37.5
47.1
70.0

563
337
149

3.5
2.5
3.0

4,251
2,159
173

26.5
15.7
3.5

11,030
11,038
4,640

68.7
80.5
93.1

765
513
173

4.8
3.7
3.5

1,389

100.0

793

57.1

553

39.8

44

3.2

692

49.8

659

47.4

38

2.7

359

25.9

975

70.2

55

3.9

267

100.0

138

51.9

126

47.0

3

1.1

121

45.2

143

53.7

3

1.1

58

21.6

201

75.1

9

3.3

83,988

100.0

31,580

37.6

50,167

59.7

2,241

2.7

28,554

34.0

53,430

63.6

2,004

2.4

10,103

12.0

71,735

85.4

2,150

2.6

23

100.0

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

117,940

100.0

50,083

42.5

64,470

54.7

3,388

2.9

45,635

38.7

69,276

58.7

3,030

2.6

16,852

14.3

97,525

82.7

3,563

3.0

2,467

100.0

1,528

61.9

865

35.1

74

3.0

1,474

59.7

922

37.4

71

2.9

257

10.4

2,103

85.2

108

4.4

104,143
8,380
7,885

100.0
100.0
100.0

44,416
3,000
4,195

42.6
35.8
53.2

56,819
5,124
3,392

54.6
61.1
43.0

2,908
256
298

2.8
3.1
3.8

40,200
2,882
4,027

38.6
34.4
51.1

61,334
5,257
3,607

58.9
62.7
45.7

2,609
241
251

2.5
2.9
3.2

15,938
462
709

15.3
5.5
9.0

85,189
7,657
6,781

81.8
91.4
86.0

3,016
261
394

2.9
3.1
5.0

6,299
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

3,429
10,276
10,190
10,887
9,015
7,815

54.4
50.4
47.6
44.2
40.9
30.5

2,717
9,588
10,714
12,973
12,398
16,946

43.1
47.1
50.0
52.6
56.3
66.1

154
510
511
798
623
865

2.4
2.5
2.4
3.2
2.8
3.4

3,167
9,316
9,147
9,901
8,315
7,264

50.3
45.7
42.7
40.2
37.7
28.3

2,998
10,585
11,802
14,040
13,168
17,604

47.6
52.0
55.1
56.9
59.8
68.7

134
473
465
717
554
757

2.1
2.3
2.2
2.9
2.5
3.0

1,223
4,084
3,994
3,823
2,538
1,447

19.4
20.0
18.7
15.5
11.5
5.6

4,895
15,705
16,821
19,991
18,865
23,351

77.7
77.1
78.6
81.1
85.6
91.1

181
585
599
844
633
828

2.9
2.9
2.8
3.4
2.9
3.2

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

7,854
15,851
15,655
12,251

54.8
46.0
46.0
32.6

5,951
17,458
17,508
24,417

41.6
50.7
51.5
64.9

515
1,152
846
947

3.6
3.3
2.5
2.5

7,250
14,288
14,010
11,561

50.6
41.5
41.2
30.7

6,597
19,147
19,265
25,189

46.1
55.6
56.6
67.0

474
1,027
735
865

3.3
3.0
2.2
2.3

2,666
6,060
6,041
2,342

18.6
17.6
17.8
6.2

11,013
27,155
27,072
34,388

76.9
78.8
79.6
91.4

642
1,246
897
885

4.5
3.6
2.6
2.4

72,580
6,779
41,049

100.0
100.0
100.0

31,124
4,004
16,484

42.9
59.1
40.2

39,618
2,608
23,109

54.6
38.5
56.3

1,839
167
1,456

2.5
2.5
3.5

28,391
3,583
15,136

39.1
52.9
36.9

42,502
3,044
24,652

58.6
44.9
60.1

1,688
151
1,261

2.3
2.2
3.1

9,936
1,951
5,223

13.7
28.8
12.7

60,699
4,624
34,305

83.6
68.2
83.6

1,945
204
1,521

2.7
3.0
3.7

19,541

100.0

10,745

55.0

8,139

41.6

657

3.4

9,801

50.2

9,141

46.8

599

3.1

4,461

22.8

14,273

73.0

807

4.1

22,073

100.0

11,016

49.9

10,248

46.4

808

3.7

9,931

45.0

11,423

51.8

719

3.3

4,417

20.0

16,789

76.1

867

3.9

24,787

100.0

11,157

45.0

12,948

52.2

683

2.8

9,979

40.3

14,216

57.4

592

2.4

3,848

15.5

20,203

81.5

737

3.0

21,975
32,032

100.0
100.0

8,532
10,161

38.8
31.7

12,891
21,110

58.7
65.9

552
761

2.5
2.4

7,832
9,566

35.6
29.9

13,644
21,774

62.1
68.0

499
692

2.3
2.2

2,485
1,898

11.3
5.9

18,898
29,466

86.0
92.0

592
668

2.7
2.1

79,144
41,264

100.0
100.0

28,318
23,293

35.8
56.4

48,548
16,787

61.3
40.7

2,278
1,183

2.9
2.9

25,924
21,185

32.8
51.3

51,222
18,976

64.7
46.0

1,998
1,103

2.5
2.7

7,382
9,727

9.3
23.6

69,565
30,063

87.9
72.9

2,197
1,473

2.8
3.6

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

75

Table A-30 2011 Households’ Use of AFS by Demographic Characteristics (continued)
Any AFS
All Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Has Ever Used
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Has Never Used
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Transaction Products
Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Has Ever Used
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Has Never Used
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Credit Products
Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Has Ever Used
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Has Never Used
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Geographic Region
Northeast
21,784 100.0
8,653
39.7 12,494
57.4
637
2.9
8,201
37.6 13,016
59.7
568
2.6
2,035
9.3
19,109
87.7
Midwest
26,900 100.0
10,740
39.9 15,340
57.0
820
3.0
9,623
35.8 16,568
61.6
709
2.6
3,727
13.9
22,340
83.0
South
44,920 100.0
21,202
47.2 22,446
50.0
1,271
2.8 19,280
42.9 24,470
54.5
1,170
2.6
7,563
16.8
35,974
80.1
14.1
22,206
82.8
West
26,804 100.0
11,016
41.1 15,055
56.2
734
2.7 10,006
37.3 16,144
60.2
654
2.4
3,785
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
100,311 100.0
42,350
42.2 54,983
54.8
2,978
3.0 38,733
38.6 58,893
58.7
2,685
2.7 13,833
13.8
83,284
83.0
Inside principal city
33,636 100.0
15,540
46.2 17,040
50.7
1,056
3.1 14,330
42.6 18,345
54.5
960
2.9
5,191
15.4
27,235
81.0
Not inside principal
city
49,548 100.0
19,478
39.3 28,602
57.7
1,467
3.0 17,888
36.1 30,349
61.3
1,310
2.6
5,808
11.7
42,228
85.2
Not identified
17,127 100.0
7,332
42.8
9,341
54.5
454
2.7
6,514
38.0 10,198
59.5
414
2.4
2,834
16.5
13,822
80.7
Not in metropolitan area
19,193 100.0
8,789
45.8
9,938
51.8
466
2.4
7,946
41.4 10,851
56.5
396
2.1
3,084
16.1
15,649
81.5
Not Identified
903 100.0
473
52.3
413
45.8
17
1.9
430
47.6
454
50.2
19
2.1
191
21.2
694
76.9
Notes:
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances. AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

641
833
1,382
814

2.9
3.1
3.1
3.0

3,193
1,210

3.2
3.6

1,512
471
460
17

3.1
2.8
2.4
1.9

76

Table A-31 Households’ Use of AFS by Demographic Characteristics and Year
All Households

Household Characteristic
All Households

2009

Pct of Row

2011

2009

Estimated
Difference

2011

Female householder, no
husband present
Male householder, no wife
present
Married couple

Pct of Row
2009

AFS Use Unknown
Estimated
Difference

2011

Pct of Row
2009

Estimated
Difference

2011

119,001

120,408

36.3

40.9

4.6*

60.9

56.3

-4.6*

2.8

2.8

0.0

78,743

78,826

36.3

41.5

5.2*

61.2

55.9

-5.3*

2.4

2.6

0.2

13,975

15,575

51.6

57.7

6.1*

45.1

39.3

-5.8*

3.2

3.0

-0.3

5.1*

49.4

44.6

-4.8*

3.8

3.4

-0.4

66.1

61.5

2.1

2.4

0.3*

60.3

57.1

3.5

3.3

-0.2

64.8

60.4

3.5

3.6

55.4

53.5

2.9

-0.7*

60.5

37.3

-23.2*

3.6
3.4

4.6

1.2

41.3

34.3

-7.0*

3.9

4.0

51.8

49.0

3.9

2.7

Household Type
Family household

Never Used AFS

Ever Used AFSa

Number (1000s)

5,433

5,661

46.8

52.0

59,336

57,591

31.8

36.1

40,126

41,479

36.2

39.6

Female householder

21,147

21,688

31.8

36.0

Male householder

18,979

19,791

41.0

43.6

131

102

36.0

58.1

22.0*

Black

15,541

16,046

54.8

61.7

Hispanic non-Black

7.0*

13,241

13,710

44.3

48.3

Asian

4,790

4,985

14.8

19.8

4.9*

80.1

77.0

-3.2*

5.1

3.3

American Indian/Alaskan

1,378

1,389

54.6

55.8

1.2

43.6

41.1

-2.6

1.8

3.2

1.4

Hawaiian/Pacific Islander

259

267

33.0

39.7

6.7

59.2

-3.7

1.1

-3.0

White non-Black non-Hispanic

83,785

83,988

32.5

36.7

65.2

60.7

-4.5*

4.1
2.3

2.6

Other non-Black non-Hispanic

4.2*

62.9

0.3*

6

23

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

116,479

117,940

36.1

40.7

4.6*

61.1

56.5

-4.6*

2.8

2.8

0.1

2,522

2,467

45.1

50.8

5.7*

50.2

46.5

-3.7

4.7

2.7

-2.0*

4.5*

60.1

55.4

-4.7*

2.6

2.8

73.2

70.0

2.9

-1.6*

59.1

53.2

-5.9*

4.6
4.2

3.8

-0.5

49.6

44.8

-4.7*

4.3

2.4

-1.8*

52.6

49.4

2.8

2.5

-0.4

57.1

52.9

2.7

2.4

-0.3

59.2

54.8

2.4

3.2

0.7*

63.7

57.9

2.8

0.4

73.4

67.4

-6.0*

2.4
3.2

3.3

0.1

50.4

44.5

-5.9*

4.2

3.6

-0.5

57.5

52.3

2.9

3.3

0.4*

57.6

53.0

2.5

-0.2

71.6

67.3

-4.3*

2.7
2.3

2.4

0.1

60.2

57.1

-3.2*

2.6

2.5

-0.1

46.1

40.0

2.4

-0.6

64.7

57.6

-7.1*

3.0
3.1

3.5

0.4

47.9

40.7

-7.2*

2.9

2.5

-0.4

52.4

47.0

2.1

2.6

0.6*

56.7

53.6

2.3

2.0

-0.3

62.9

60.5

1.6

1.8

0.2

71.6

68.3

1.6

-0.1

66.9

60.6

-6.3*

1.7
7.2

7.4

0.2

67.7

63.1

-4.6*

2.8

43.2

-3.6*

2.4

46.7

3.6

2.8

-0.7*

62.2

59.5

-2.7*

3.5

2.9

-0.6*

63.1

58.3

2.2

3.0

57.4

51.7

2.7

2.8

0.1

63.5

59.3

3.1

2.7

-0.4

Nonfamily household

Other
Race/Ethnicity

Spanish is Only Language
Spoken
Spanish is not only language
spoken
Spanish is only language
spoken
Nativity
U.S-born

4.3*
3.5*

4.2*
2.6*

4.0*

103,091

104,143

37.3

41.8

Foreign-born citizen

7,829

8,380

22.3

27.1

Foreign-born non-citizen

8,081

7,885

36.6

43.0

6.4*
6.6*

Age Group

4.8*

15 to 24 years

6,596

6,300

46.2

52.8

25 to 34 years

19,702

20,374

44.6

48.1

35 to 44 years

22,590

21,414

40.2

44.7

45 to 54 years

24,863

24,658

38.4

42.0

55 to 64 years

20,274

22,036

33.9

39.3

65 years or more

24,977

25,625

23.4

29.3

5.8*

No high school degree

15,006

14,321

45.5

51.9

High school degree

6.4*

34,654

34,462

39.6

44.3

Some college

33,312

34,010

39.7

44.5

College degree

36,029

37,615

26.1

30.3

4.1*

73,155

72,580

37.2

40.4

3.3*

6,642

6,779

50.9

57.6

39,203

41,049

32.2

38.9

6.7*

Less than $15,000

15,689

16,699

49.2

56.8

Between $15,000 and $30,000

7.6*

17,443

18,599

45.5

50.4

Between $30,000 and $50,000

21,512

20,984

41.0

44.4

Education

Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income

3.5*
4.5*
3.6*

5.4*

4.7*

4.8*

6.7*

4.9*
3.4*
2.2*

Between $50,000 and $75,000

18,988

18,773

35.5

37.7

At Least $75,000

27,881

27,770

26.7

30.1

Unknown

17,488

17,583

25.9

32.0

6.1*

Homeowner

80,388

79,144

29.8

34.0

Non-homeowner

4.2*

38,613

41,264

49.7

54.0

4.3*

Northeast

21,689

21,784

34.3

37.6

Midwest

3.3*

26,601

26,900

34.6

38.7

South

44,081

44,920

39.9

45.5

West

26,630

26,804

33.5

38.0

Homeownership

Geographic Region

3.4*

4.0*

5.6*
4.5*

-4.6*
-3.2*
-4.4*
-1.9*

-2.8*

-3.1*

-3.2*
-4.1*
-4.4*
-5.8*

-5.2*
-4.6*

-6.1*

-5.4*
-3.1*
-2.4*
-3.3*

-4.8*
-5.7*
-4.1*

0.2

0.1

-1.2*
-1.8*

0.2

0.4*

0.8*

Notes:
a
Non-bank remittance use is excluded from 2011 figures because this data was not collected in 2009. The AFS included in this comparison are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders, payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-toown agreements and refund anticipation loans.
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

77

Table A-32 2011 Households’ Use of AFS by Banking Status
Banking Status

All Households
Type of AFS Used in the Last Year
All Households
Type of AFS used in the Last Year
Transaction products only
Transaction and credit
Credit only
Did not use any AFS in the last year
Unknown
Memo Items
Has used transaction products in the last year
Has used credit products in the last year

Number
(1000s)

Unbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

120,408

100.0

22,842
4,645
2,542
85,741
4,638
28,011
7,243

Underbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

9,875

100.0

19.0
3.9
2.1
71.2
3.9

4,521
1,387
271
2,911
786

23.3
6.0

6,137
1,660

Banked but
Underbanked Status
Unknown

Fully Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

24,199

100.0

82,830

100.0

3,504

100.0

45.8
14.0
2.7
29.5
8.0

18,321
3,258
2,272
0.0
348

75.7
13.5
9.4
0.0
1.4

0
0
0
82,830
0

0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
0.0

0
0
0
0
3,504

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0

62.1
16.8

21,874
5,583

90.4
23.1

0
0

0.0
0.0

0
0

0.0
0.0

Notes:
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances. AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

78

Table A-33 2011 Households’ Use of Specific AFS by Banking Status
Banking Status

All Households
Type of AFS Product
All Households
Any AFS
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Money Order
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Check Cashing
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Remittances
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Payday Lending
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Pawn Shops
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Rent-to-Own
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Refund Anticipation Loans
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Memo Items
Transaction Products
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Credit Products
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown

Number
(1000s)

Unbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

120,408

100.0

51,611
65,335
3,461

Underbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

9,875

100.0

42.9
54.3
2.9

7,338
2,036
501

39,671
77,817
2,920

32.9
64.6
2.4

16,018
101,889
2,501

Banked but
Underbanked Status
Unknown

Fully Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

24,199

100.0

82,830

100.0

3,504

100.0

74.3
20.6
5.1

24,199
0
0

100.0
0.0
0.0

19,531
63,299
0

23.6
76.4
0.0

543
0
2,961

15.5
0.0
84.5

5,813
3,516
546

58.9
35.6
5.5

19,233
4,898
68

79.5
20.2
0.3

14,266
68,564
0

17.2
82.8
0.0

359
838
2,306

10.2
23.9
65.8

13.3
84.6
2.1

4,670
4,754
451

47.3
48.1
4.6

7,611
16,493
95

31.5
68.2
0.4

3,579
79,251
0

4.3
95.7
0.0

157
1,392
1,955

4.5
39.7
55.8

7,076
110,431
2,901

5.9
91.7
2.4

1,224
8,086
565

12.4
81.9
5.7

4,369
19,718
112

18.1
81.5
0.5

1,439
81,391
0

1.7
98.3
0.0

44
1,236
2,224

1.2
35.3
63.5

5,622
111,772
3,014

4.7
92.8
2.5

727
8,554
594

7.4
86.6
6.0

3,541
20,480
179

14.6
84.6
0.7

1,320
81,510
0

1.6
98.4
0.0

34
1,228
2,241

1.0
35.1
64.0

8,958
108,283
3,166

7.4
89.9
2.6

2,033
7,197
645

20.6
72.9
6.5

4,717
19,297
186

19.5
79.7
0.8

2,160
80,669
0

2.6
97.4
0.0

48
1,120
2,336

1.4
32.0
66.7

5,635
111,551
3,222

4.7
92.6
2.7

1,167
8,055
653

11.8
81.6
6.6

3,144
20,881
175

13.0
86.3
0.7

1,294
81,536
0

1.6
98.4
0.0

31
1,079
2,394

0.9
30.8
68.3

4,470
112,614
3,324

3.7
93.5
2.8

864
8,363
648

8.8
84.7
6.6

2,553
21,441
205

10.5
88.6
0.8

1,041
81,788
0

1.3
98.7
0.0

11
1,022
2,470

0.3
29.2
70.5

47,109
70,198
3,101

39.1
58.3
2.6

6,968
2,422
485

70.6
24.5
4.9

22,711
1,458
30

93.9
6.0
0.1

16,945
65,885
0

20.5
79.5
0.0

485
432
2,586

13.8
12.3
73.8

17,109
99,628
3,670

14.2
82.7
3.0

3,138
6,030
707

31.8
61.1
7.2

9,011
14,940
248

37.2
61.7
1.0

4,855
77,975
0

5.9
94.1
0.0

105
683
2,716

3.0
19.5
77.5

Notes:
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances. AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

79

Table A-34 2011 Timing of AFS Use by All Households
Banking Status

All Households
Timing of AFS Use
All Households
Any AFS Products
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Money Order
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Check Cashing
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Remittances
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Payday Lending
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Pawn Shops
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Rent-to-Owna
In the past 12 months
Not used in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Refund Anticipation Loansa
In the past 12 months
Not used in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown

of

Underbanked

Fully Banked

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

120,408

100.0

9,875

100.0

24,199

100.0

82,830

100.0

3,504

100.0

14,470
16,139
21,002
65,335
3,461

12.0
13.4
17.4
54.3
2.9

4,490
1,920
929
2,036
501

45.5
19.4
9.4
20.6
5.1

9,981
14,219
0
0
0

41.2
58.8
0.0
0.0
0.0

0
0
19,531
63,299
0

0.0
0.0
23.6
76.4
0.0

0
0
543
0
2,961

0.0
0.0
15.5
0.0
84.5

9,952
12,127
17,592
77,817
2,920

8.3
10.1
14.6
64.6
2.4

3,166
1,679
968
3,516
546

32.1
17.0
9.8
35.6
5.5

6,786
10,447
2,000
4,898
68

28.0
43.2
8.3
20.2
0.3

0
0
14,266
68,564
0

0.0
0.0
17.2
82.8
0.0

0
0
359
838
2,306

0.0
0.0
10.2
23.9
65.8

4,626
4,646
6,745
101,889
2,501

3.8
3.9
5.6
84.6
2.1

2,467
1,290
913
4,754
451

25.0
13.1
9.2
48.1
4.6

2,160
3,356
2,095
16,493
95

8.9
13.9
8.7
68.2
0.4

0
0
3,579
79,251
0

0.0
0.0
4.3
95.7
0.0

0
0
157
1,392
1,955

0.0
0.0
4.5
39.7
55.8

1,758
2,640
2,678
110,431
2,901

1.5
2.2
2.2
91.7
2.4

386
522
316
8,086
565

3.9
5.3
3.2
81.9
5.7

1,372
2,118
880
19,718
112

5.7
8.8
3.6
81.5
0.5

0
0
1,439
81,391
0

0.0
0.0
1.7
98.3
0.0

0
0
44
1,236
2,224

0.0
0.0
1.2
35.3
63.5

814
1,249
3,559
111,772
3,014

0.7
1.0
3.0
92.8
2.5

45
117
565
8,554
594

0.5
1.2
5.7
86.6
6.0

769
1,132
1,640
20,480
179

3.2
4.7
6.8
84.6
0.7

0
0
1,320
81,510
0

0.0
0.0
1.6
98.4
0.0

0
0
34
1,228
2,241

0.0
0.0
1.0
35.1
64.0

911
2,609
5,438
108,283
3,166

0.8
2.2
4.5
89.9
2.6

267
774
992
7,197
645

2.7
7.8
10.0
72.9
6.5

644
1,835
2,238
19,297
186

2.7
7.6
9.2
79.7
0.8

0
0
2,160
80,669
0

0.0
0.0
2.6
97.4
0.0

0
0
48
1,120
2,336

0.0
0.0
1.4
32.0
66.7

1,814
3,821
111,551
3,222

1.5
3.2
92.6
2.7

502
664
8,055
653

5.1
6.7
81.6
6.6

1,312
1,832
20,881
175

5.4
7.6
86.3
0.7

0
1,294
81,536
0

0.0
1.6
98.4
0.0

0
31
1,079
2,394

0.0
0.9
30.8
68.3

1,449
3,020
112,614
3,324

1.2
2.5
93.5
2.8

335
529
8,363
648

3.4
5.4
84.7
6.6

1,114
1,438
21,441
205

4.6
5.9
88.6
0.8

0
1,041
81,788
0

0.0
1.3
98.7
0.0

0
11
1,022
2,470

0.0
0.3
29.2
70.5

Notes:
a
Households were not asked whether they used these AFS products in the last 30 days.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

Unbanked

Banked but
Underbanked Status
Unknown

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

80

Table A-35 2009 Timing of AFS Use by All Households
Banking Status

All Households
Frequency of AFS Use

Unbanked

Underbanked

Banked but
Underbanked Status
Unknown

Fully Banked

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

119,001

100.0

9,054

100.0

21,693

100.0

84,917

100.0

3,336

100.0

13,053
7,854
13,925
81,954
2,215

11.0
6.6
11.7
68.9
1.9

4,034
610
345
3,508
556

44.6
6.7
3.8
38.8
6.1

9,019
7,243
1,329
4,067
35

41.6
33.4
6.1
18.8
0.2

0
0
11,933
72,984
0

0.0
0.0
14.1
85.9
0.0

0
0
317
1,394
1,624

0.0
0.0
9.5
41.8
48.7

5,824
2,432
4,115
104,848
1,781

4.9
2.0
3.5
88.1
1.5

2,722
410
390
5,001
531

30.1
4.5
4.3
55.2
5.9

3,103
2,022
1,374
15,165
30

14.3
9.3
6.3
69.9
0.1

0
0
2,281
82,636
0

0.0
0.0
2.7
97.3
0.0

0
0
71
2,046
1,219

0.0
0.0
2.1
61.3
36.5

1,502
2,399
42
111,832
3,226

1.3
2.0
94.0
2.7

198
352
NA
7,772
719

2.2
3.9
NA
85.8
7.9

1,304
2,047
NA
17,865
456

6.0
9.4
NA
82.4
2.1

0
0
NA
84,911
0

0.0
0.0
NA
100.0
0.0

0
0
NA
1,285
2,051

0.0
0.0
NA
38.5
61.5

704
1,554
4,614
109,149
2,980

0.6
1.3
3.9
91.7
2.5

274
436
613
7,060
671

3.0
4.8
6.8
78.0
7.4

430
1,119
1,863
17,921
361

2.0
5.2
8.6
82.6
1.7

0
0
2,079
82,838
0

0.0
0.0
2.4
97.6
0.0

0
0
58
1,329
1,949

0.0
0.0
1.7
39.8
58.4

519
1,675
2,445
111,640
2,723

0.4
1.4
2.1
93.8
2.3

185
431
485
7,287
666

2.0
4.8
5.4
80.5
7.4

334
1,244
1,244
18,676
196

1.5
5.7
5.7
86.1
0.9

0
0
677
84,240
0

0.0
0.0
0.8
99.2
0.0

0
0
39
1,437
1,860

0.0
0.0
1.2
43.1
55.8

3,573
112,371
3,057

3.0
94.4
2.6

719
7,694
640

7.9
85.0
7.1

2,854
18,555
284

13.2
85.5
1.3

0
84,917
0

0.0
100.0
0.0

0
1,204
2,132

0.0
36.1
63.9

All Households
Non-Bank Money Order
At least a few times per year
Once or twice a year
Almost never
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Check Cashing
At least a few times per year
Once or twice a year
Almost never
Never used
Unknown
Payday Lending
At least a few times per year
Once or twice a year
Almost never
Never used
Unknown
Pawn Shops
At least a few times per year
Once or twice a year
Almost never
Never used
Unknown
Rent-to-Own
At least a few times per year
Once or twice a year
Almost never
Never used
Unknown
Refund Anticipation Loans
In the last five years
Never used
Unknown

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

81

Table A-36 2011 Timing of AFS Use by Banked Households
Banking Status
All Banked Households
Timing of AFS Use

Number
(1000s)

All Banked Households
Any AFS Products
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Money Order
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Check Cashing
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Remittances
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Payday Lending
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Pawn Shops
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Rent-to-Owna
In the past 12 months
Not used in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Refund Anticipation Loansa
In the past 12 months
Not used in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown

Pct of Col

of

Number
(1000s)

Banked but Underbanked
Status Unknown

Fully Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

110,532

100.0

24,199

100.0

82,830

100.0

3,504

100.0

9,981
14,219
20,074
63,299
2,961

9.0
12.9
18.2
57.3
2.7

9,981
14,219
0
0
0

41.2
58.8
0.0
0.0
0.0

0
0
19,531
63,299
0

0.0
0.0
23.6
76.4
0.0

0
0
543
0
2,961

0.0
0.0
15.5
0.0
84.5

6,786
10,447
16,624
74,300
2,374

6.1
9.5
15.0
67.2
2.1

6,786
10,447
2,000
4,898
68

28.0
43.2
8.3
20.2
0.3

0
0
14,266
68,564
0

0.0
0.0
17.2
82.8
0.0

0
0
359
838
2,306

0.0
0.0
10.2
23.9
65.8

2,160
3,356
5,831
97,135
2,050

2.0
3.0
5.3
87.9
1.9

2,160
3,356
2,095
16,493
95

8.9
13.9
8.7
68.2
0.4

0
0
3,579
79,251
0

0.0
0.0
4.3
95.7
0.0

0
0
157
1,392
1,955

0.0
0.0
4.5
39.7
55.8

1,372
2,118
2,362
102,345
2,336

1.2
1.9
2.1
92.6
2.1

1,372
2,118
880
19,718
112

5.7
8.8
3.6
81.5
0.5

0
0
1,439
81,391
0

0.0
0.0
1.7
98.3
0.0

0
0
44
1,236
2,224

0.0
0.0
1.2
35.3
63.5

769
1,132
2,994
103,218
2,420

0.7
1.0
2.7
93.4
2.2

769
1,132
1,640
20,480
179

3.2
4.7
6.8
84.6
0.7

0
0
1,320
81,510
0

0.0
0.0
1.6
98.4
0.0

0
0
34
1,228
2,241

0.0
0.0
1.0
35.1
64.0

644
1,835
4,447
101,086
2,521

0.6
1.7
4.0
91.5
2.3

644
1,835
2,238
19,297
186

2.7
7.6
9.2
79.7
0.8

0
0
2,160
80,669
0

0.0
0.0
2.6
97.4
0.0

0
0
48
1,120
2,336

0.0
0.0
1.4
32.0
66.7

1,312
3,157
103,496
2,568

1.2
2.9
93.6
2.3

1,312
1,832
20,881
175

5.4
7.6
86.3
0.7

0
1,294
81,536
0

0.0
1.6
98.4
0.0

0
31
1,079
2,394

0.0
0.9
30.8
68.3

1,114
2,491
104,251
2,676

1.0
2.3
94.3
2.4

1,114
1,438
21,441
205

4.6
5.9
88.6
0.8

0
1,041
81,788
0

0.0
1.3
98.7
0.0

0
11
1,022
2,470

0.0
0.3
29.2
70.5

Notes:
a
Households were not asked whether they used these AFS products in the last 30 days.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

Underbanked

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

82

Table A-37 2011 Timing of AFS Use by Unbanked Households
Unbanked Status

All Unbanked
Households
Timing of AFS Use

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Any AFS Products
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Money Order
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Check Cashing
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Non-Bank Remittances
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Payday Lending
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Pawn Shops
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Rent-to-Owna
In the past 12 months
Not used in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Refund Anticipation Loansa
In the past 12 months
Not used in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown

Previously Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Never-Banked
Number
(1000s)

Unknown

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

9,875

100.0

4,411

100.0

5,269

100.0

195

100.0

4,490
1,920
929
2,036
501

45.5
19.4
9.4
20.6
5.1

2,149
1,066
495
568
133

48.7
24.2
11.2
12.9
3.0

2,322
830
410
1,454
254

44.1
15.8
7.8
27.6
4.8

19
25
24
14
113

9.5
12.6
12.5
7.4
58.1

3,166
1,679
968
3,516
546

32.1
17.0
9.8
35.6
5.5

1,572
951
572
1,147
169

35.6
21.6
13.0
26.0
3.8

1,582
707
382
2,331
267

30.0
13.4
7.2
44.2
5.1

12
21
14
39
111

5.9
10.7
7.1
19.7
56.6

2,467
1,290
913
4,754
451

25.0
13.1
9.2
48.1
4.6

1,110
696
543
1,948
113

25.2
15.8
12.3
44.2
2.6

1,345
571
361
2,769
223

25.5
10.8
6.8
52.6
4.2

11
23
10
37
115

5.7
11.7
5.2
18.7
58.7

386
522
316
8,086
565

3.9
5.3
3.2
81.9
5.7

74
147
149
3,874
167

1.7
3.3
3.4
87.8
3.8

312
369
165
4,144
278

5.9
7.0
3.1
78.7
5.3

6
3
67
119

3.0
1.5
34.4
61.1

45
117
565
8,554
594

0.5
1.2
5.7
86.6
6.0

37
69
443
3,684
178

0.8
1.6
10.0
83.5
4.0

9
48
114
4,795
303

0.2
0.9
2.2
91.0
5.8

8
75
113

4.0
38.3
57.7

267
774
992
7,197
645

2.7
7.8
10.0
72.9
6.5

160
492
701
2,861
197

3.6
11.2
15.9
64.9
4.5

107
278
286
4,274
323

2.0
5.3
5.4
81.1
6.1

4
5
62
125

1.9
2.5
31.7
63.8

502
664
8,055
653

5.1
6.7
81.6
6.6

316
452
3,430
213

7.2
10.3
77.8
4.8

183
212
4,565
309

3.5
4.0
86.6
5.9

4
60
131

1.9
30.8
67.2

335
529
8,363
648

3.4
5.4
84.7
6.6

221
376
3,606
207

5.0
8.5
81.8
4.7

109
147
4,704
309

2.1
2.8
89.3
5.9

4
7
52
132

2.2
3.4
26.8
67.6

Notes:
a
Households were not asked whether they used these AFS products in the last 30 days.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

83

Table A-38 2011 Timing of AFS Use by Households That Have Ever Used AFS
Banking Status
All Households that
Used AFS
Timing of AFS Use

Number
(1000s)

Any AFS
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Total
Non-Bank Money Order
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Total
Non-Bank Check Cashing
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Total
Non-Bank Remittances
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Total
Payday Lending
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Total
Pawn Shops
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Total
Rent-to-Owna
In the past 12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Total
Refund Anticipation Loansa
In the past 12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Total

Pct of Col

14,470
16,139
21,002
51,611

28.0
31.3
40.7
100.0

9,952
12,127
17,592
39,671

of

Unbanked

Underbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

4,490
1,920
929
7,338

61.2
26.2
12.7
100.0

25.1
30.6
44.3
100.0

3,166
1,679
968
5,813

4,626
4,646
6,745
16,018

28.9
29.0
42.1
100.0

1,758
2,640
2,678
7,076

Fully Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

9,981
14,219
0
24,199

41.2
58.8
0.0
100.0

0
0
19,531
19,531

0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0

0
0
543
543

0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0

54.5
28.9
16.6
100.0

6,786
10,447
2,000
19,233

35.3
54.3
10.4
100.0

0
0
14,266
14,266

0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0

0
0
359
359

0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0

2,467
1,290
913
4,670

52.8
27.6
19.6
100.0

2,160
3,356
2,095
7,611

28.4
44.1
27.5
100.0

0
0
3,579
3,579

0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0

NA
NA
NA
157

NA
NA
NA
100.0

24.8
37.3
37.9
100.0

386
522
316
1,224

31.5
42.6
25.8
100.0

1,372
2,118
880
4,369

31.4
48.5
20.1
100.0

0
0
1,439
1,439

0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0

NA
NA
NA
44

NA
NA
NA
100.0

814
1,249
3,559
5,622

14.5
22.2
63.3
100.0

45
117
565
727

6.2
16.1
77.7
100.0

769
1,132
1,640
3,541

21.7
32.0
46.3
100.0

0
0
1,320
1,320

0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0

NA
NA
NA
34

NA
NA
NA
100.0

911
2,609
5,438
8,958

10.2
29.1
60.7
100.0

267
774
992
2,033

13.1
38.1
48.8
100.0

644
1,835
2,238
4,717

13.7
38.9
47.5
100.0

0
0
2,160
2,160

0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0

NA
NA
NA
48

NA
NA
NA
100.0

1,814
3,821
5,635

32.2
67.8
100.0

502
664
1,167

43.1
56.9
100.0

1,312
1,832
3,144

41.7
58.3
100.0

0
1,294
1,294

0.0
100.0
100.0

NA
NA
31

NA
NA
100.0

1,449
3,020
4,470

32.4
67.6
100.0

335
529
864

38.7
61.3
100.0

1,114
1,438
2,553

43.7
56.3
100.0

0
1,041
1,041

0.0
100.0
100.0

NA
NA
11

NA
NA
100.0

Notes:
a
Households were not asked whether they used these AFS products in the last 30 days.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Banked but
Underbanked Status
Unknown

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

84

Table A-39 2011 Households’ Use of Specific AFS by Bank Account Type
Bank Account Type

All Households
Pct of
Col

and

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Has Savings
Account

100.0

Unbanked

Number
(1000s)

Has Checking
Account

All Households
120,408
100.0
9,875
100.0
80,924
100.0
2,379
100.0
25,378
100.0
1,851
100.0
106,509
100.0
83,331
Any AFS
In last 30 days
14,470
12.0
4,490
45.5
5,720
7.1
862
36.2
3,303
13.0
96
5.2
9,057
8.5
6,583
In last 2-12 months
16,139
13.4
1,920
19.4
9,394
11.6
435
18.3
4,245
16.7
144
7.8
13,666
12.8
9,835
Not in the last 12 months
21,002
17.4
929
9.4
14,944
18.5
281
11.8
4,680
18.4
169
9.1
19,643
18.4
15,232
61,995
58.2
50,068
Never used
65,335
54.3
2,036
20.6
49,272
60.9
782
32.9
12,610
49.7
634
34.3
Unknown
3,461
2.9
501
5.1
1,594
2.0
19
0.8
541
2.1
807
43.6
2,148
2.0
1,613
Non-Bank Money
Order
In last 30 days
9,952
8.3
3,166
32.1
3,699
4.6
755
31.7
2,274
9.0
57
3.1
6,006
5.6
4,456
In last 2-12 months
12,127
10.1
1,679
17.0
7,029
8.7
311
13.1
2,998
11.8
110
5.9
10,044
9.4
7,345
Not in the last 12 months
17,592
14.6
968
9.8
12,423
15.4
263
11.0
3,783
14.9
156
8.4
16,224
15.2
12,692
Never used
77,817
64.6
3,516
35.6
56,513
69.8
1,039
43.7
15,928
62.8
820
44.3
72,566
68.1
57,566
Unknown
2,920
2.4
546
5.5
1,260
1.6
11
0.5
395
1.6
708
38.2
1,668
1.6
1,272
Non-Bank Check
Cashing
In last 30 days
4,626
3.8
2,467
25.0
1,327
1.6
138
5.8
669
2.6
26
1.4
1,998
1.9
1,465
140
5.9
1,189
4.7
23
1.2
3,198
3.0
2,146
In last 2-12 months
4,646
3.9
1,290
13.1
2,004
2.5
Not in the last 12 months
6,745
5.6
913
9.2
3,891
4.8
190
8.0
1,715
6.8
35
1.9
5,614
5.3
4,081
Never used
101,889
84.6
4,754
48.1
72,701
89.8
1,905
80.1
21,472
84.6
1,056
57.1
94,352
88.6
74,632
Unknown
2,501
2.1
451
4.6
1,000
1.2
7
0.3
332
1.3
710
38.4
1,346
1.3
1,007
Non-Bank
Remittances
In last 30 days
1,758
1.5
386
3.9
838
1.0
71
3.0
448
1.8
14
0.8
1,286
1.2
909
In last 2-12 months
2,640
2.2
522
5.3
1,550
1.9
33
1.4
504
2.0
30
1.6
2,062
1.9
1,583
Not in the last 12 months
2,678
2.2
316
3.2
1,708
2.1
68
2.9
557
2.2
30
1.6
2,276
2.1
1,776
Never used
110,431
91.7
8,086
81.9
75,620
93.4
2,189
92.0
23,475
92.5
1,061
57.3
99,269
93.2
77,837
565
5.7
1,208
1.5
17
0.7
394
1.6
716
38.7
1,615
1.5
1,225
Unknown
2,901
2.4
Payday Lending
In last 30 days
814
0.7
45
0.5
463
0.6
17
0.7
285
1.1
4
0.2
748
0.7
480
In last 2-12 months
1,249
1.0
117
1.2
729
0.9
25
1.1
372
1.5
6
0.3
1,101
1.0
754
Not in the last 12 months
3,559
3.0
565
5.7
1,974
2.4
123
5.2
881
3.5
17
0.9
2,864
2.7
2,097
Never used
111,772
92.8
8,554
86.6
76,590
94.6
2,190
92.1
23,338
92.0
1,099
59.4
100,111
94.0
78,808
Unknown
3,014
2.5
594
6.0
1,168
1.4
24
1.0
502
2.0
725
39.2
1,684
1.6
1,192
Pawn Shops
In last 30 days
911
0.8
267
2.7
357
0.4
30
1.3
256
1.0
2
0.1
612
0.6
386
In last 2-12 months
2,609
2.2
774
7.8
943
1.2
137
5.8
736
2.9
19
1.0
1,685
1.6
1,082
Not in the last 12 months
5,438
4.5
992
10.0
2,652
3.3
203
8.5
1,551
6.1
41
2.2
4,212
4.0
2,854
Never used
108,283
89.9
7,197
72.9
75,682
93.5
1,982
83.3
22,362
88.1
1,060
57.3
98,220
92.2
77,690
Unknown
3,166
2.6
645
6.5
1,291
1.6
28
1.2
474
1.9
728
39.3
1,779
1.7
1,319
Rent-to-Owna
In the past 12 months
1,814
1.5
502
5.1
712
0.9
119
5.0
466
1.8
14
0.7
1,179
1.1
832
Not used in the last 12
months
3,821
3.2
664
6.7
1,862
2.3
177
7.4
1,090
4.3
27
1.5
2,966
2.8
2,046
Never used
111,551
92.6
8,055
81.6
77,045
95.2
2,056
86.4
23,323
91.9
1,072
57.9
100,547
94.4
79,122
Unknown
3,222
2.7
653
6.6
1,304
1.6
27
1.1
499
2.0
738
39.9
1,816
1.7
1,331
Refund Anticipation
Loansa
In the past 12 months
1,449
1.2
335
3.4
598
0.7
66
2.8
444
1.7
7
0.4
1,046
1.0
666
Not used in the last 12
months
3,020
2.5
529
5.4
1,515
1.9
156
6.6
796
3.1
24
1.3
2,311
2.2
1,675
Never used
112,614
93.5
8,363
84.7
77,438
95.7
2,134
89.7
23,626
93.1
1,053
56.9
101,252
95.1
79,594
Unknown
3,324
2.8
648
6.6
1,373
1.7
24
1.0
513
2.0
767
41.4
1,899
1.8
1,396
Memo Items
Has ever used transaction
products
47,109
39.1
6,968
70.6
27,433
33.9
1,464
61.5
10,881
42.9
363
19.6
38,391
36.0
28,911
Has ever used credit
products
17,109
14.2
3,138
31.8
8,418
10.4
689
28.9
4,757
18.7
107
5.8
13,201
12.4
9,113
Notes:
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances. AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
a
Households were not asked whether they used these AFS products in the last 30 days.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

of

Pct of
Col

Savings Account Checking Account
Only
Only

Pct of
Col

2011 FDIC National Survey

Number
(1000s)

Memo Items
Banked, but
Account Type
Unknown

Pct of Number
Col (1000s)

Timing of AFS Use

Number
(1000s)

Unbanked
Households

Checking and
Savings
Accounts

7.9
11.8
18.3
60.1
1.9
5.3
8.8
15.2
69.1
1.5
1.8
2.6
4.9
89.6
1.2
1.1
1.9
2.1
93.4
1.5
0.6
0.9
2.5
94.6
1.4
0.5
1.3
3.4
93.2
1.6
1.0
2.5
94.9
1.6
0.8
2.0
95.5
1.7

34.7
10.9

85

Table A-40 2011 Underbanked Households’ Use of Specific AFS by Bank Account Type
Bank Account Type
All Underbanked
Households
Timing of AFS Use

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Checking and Savings
Accounts

Savings Account Only

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Pct of Col

Memo Items

Checking Account Only

Banked, but Account
Type Unknown

Has Checking Account

Has Savings Account

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Pct of Col

Pct of Col

All Underbanked Households
24,199
100.0
15,113
100.0
1,297
100.0
7,548
100.0
240
100.0
22,723
100.0
16,418
Any AFS
In last 30 days
9,981
41.2
5,720
37.8
862
66.4
3,303
43.8
96
39.9
9,057
39.9
6,583
In last 2-12 months
14,219
58.8
9,394
62.2
435
33.6
4,245
56.2
144
60.1
13,666
60.1
9,835
Non-Bank Money Order
In last 30 days
6,786
28.0
3,699
24.5
755
58.2
2,274
30.1
57
23.9
6,006
26.4
4,456
In last 2-12 months
10,447
43.2
7,029
46.5
311
23.9
2,998
39.7
110
45.8
10,044
44.2
7,345
Not in the last 12 months
2,000
8.3
1,289
8.5
86
6.6
598
7.9
28
11.5
1,890
8.3
1,374
21.9
45
18.9
4,719
20.8
3,198
Never used
4,898
20.2
3,057
20.2
141
10.9
1,655
Unknown
68
0.3
40
0.3
5
0.3
24
0.3
63
0.3
44
Non-Bank Check
Cashing
In last 30 days
2,160
8.9
1,327
8.8
138
10.6
669
8.9
26
10.7
1,998
8.8
1,465
In last 2-12 months
3,356
13.9
2,004
13.3
140
10.8
1,189
15.8
23
9.6
3,198
14.1
2,146
Not in the last 12 months
2,095
8.7
1,266
8.4
123
9.5
699
9.3
8
3.3
1,967
8.7
1,389
Never used
16,493
68.2
10,476
69.3
897
69.1
4,954
65.6
166
69.3
15,482
68.1
11,378
Unknown
95
0.4
41
0.3
37
0.5
17
7.1
78
0.3
41
Non-Bank Remittances
In last 30 days
1,372
5.7
838
5.5
71
5.5
448
5.9
14
5.9
1,286
5.7
909
In last 2-12 months
2,118
8.8
1,550
10.3
33
2.6
504
6.7
30
12.5
2,062
9.1
1,583
3.6
52
4.0
267
3.5
13
5.3
823
3.6
600
Not in the last 12 months
880
3.6
548
Never used
19,718
81.5
12,120
80.2
1,139
87.8
6,291
83.3
169
70.3
18,456
81.2
13,266
Unknown
112
0.5
57
0.4
2
0.1
38
0.5
15
6.1
96
0.4
59
Payday Lending
In last 30 days
769
3.2
463
3.1
17
1.3
285
3.8
4
1.5
748
3.3
480
In last 2-12 months
1,132
4.7
729
4.8
25
1.9
372
4.9
6
2.6
1,101
4.8
754
Not in the last 12 months
1,640
6.8
991
6.6
89
6.9
546
7.2
13
5.5
1,547
6.8
1,081
Never used
20,480
84.6
12,850
85.0
1,164
89.7
6,273
83.1
193
80.3
19,175
84.4
14,022
Unknown
179
0.7
80
0.5
2
0.1
72
1.0
24
10.2
152
0.7
82
Pawn Shops
In last 30 days
644
2.7
357
2.4
30
2.3
256
3.4
2
0.8
612
2.7
386
1,835
7.6
943
6.2
137
10.6
736
9.7
19
8.0
1,685
7.4
1,082
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
2,238
9.2
1,198
7.9
155
11.9
868
11.5
17
7.2
2,073
9.1
1,353
Never used
19,297
79.7
12,513
82.8
968
74.6
5,636
74.7
180
74.9
18,197
80.1
13,487
Unknown
186
0.8
103
0.7
7
0.5
53
0.7
22
9.1
157
0.7
111
Rent-to-Owna
In the past 12 months
1,312
5.4
712
4.7
119
9.2
466
6.2
14
5.7
1,179
5.2
832
Not used in the last 12
months
1,832
7.6
1,004
6.6
142
10.9
674
8.9
12
5.1
1,689
7.4
1,148
Never used
20,881
86.3
13,310
88.1
1,030
79.4
6,345
84.1
196
81.8
19,705
86.7
14,345
Unknown
175
0.7
87
0.6
7
0.5
63
0.8
18
7.4
150
0.7
94
Refund Anticipation
a
Loans
In the past 12 months
1,114
4.6
598
4.0
66
5.1
444
5.9
7
3.0
1,046
4.6
666
Not used in the last 12
months
1,438
5.9
799
5.3
131
10.1
497
6.6
12
5.1
1,295
5.7
929
Never used
21,441
88.6
13,611
90.1
1,100
84.8
6,541
86.7
190
78.9
20,209
88.9
14,716
Unknown
205
0.8
106
0.7
1
0.1
67
0.9
31
13.0
173
0.8
107
Memo Items
Has ever used transaction
products
22,711
93.9
14,276
94.5
1,237
95.4
6,982
92.5
216
89.9
21,317
93.8
15,521
Has ever used credit products
9,011
37.2
5,047
33.4
578
44.5
3,319
44.0
68
28.4
8,388
36.9
5,626
Notes:
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances. AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
a
Households were not asked whether they used these AFS products in the last 30 days.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Pct of Col
100.0
40.1
59.9
27.1
44.7
8.4
19.5
0.3
8.9
13.1
8.5
69.3
0.3
5.5
9.6
3.7
80.8
0.4
2.9
4.6
6.6
85.4
0.5
2.4
6.6
8.2
82.1
0.7
5.1
7.0
87.4
0.6
4.1
5.7
89.6
0.7

94.5
34.3

86

Table A-41 2011 Underbanked Households’ Timing of AFS Use by Bank Account Type and Income
Bank Account Type
All Underbanked
Households
Timing of AFS Use
All Underbanked
Households
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
Income Less Than
$15,000
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
Between $15,000 and
$30,000
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
Between $30,000 and
$50,000
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
Between $50,000 and
$75,000
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
At Least $75,000
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total

Checking and
Savings Accounts

Savings Account
Only

Memo Items

Checking Account
Only

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,981
14,219
24,199

41.2
58.8
100.0

5,720
9,394
15,113

37.8
62.2
100.0

862
435
1,297

66.4
33.6
100.0

3,303
4,245
7,548

43.8
56.2
100.0

2,036
2,188
4,225

48.2
51.8
100.0

757
863
1,620

46.7
53.3
100.0

322
169
491

65.6
34.4
100.0

927
1,119
2,046

2,533
3,095
5,628

45.0
55.0
100.0

1,219
1,638
2,856

42.7
57.3
100.0

304
133
437

69.5
30.5
100.0

2,536
3,250
5,787

43.8
56.2
100.0

1,540
2,147
3,688

41.8
58.2
100.0

155
78
233

1,547
2,596
4,142

37.3
62.7
100.0

1,116
2,038
3,154

35.4
64.6
100.0

1,328
3,089
4,418

30.1
69.9
100.0

1,088
2,707
3,795

28.7
71.3
100.0

Banked but
Account Type
Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Has Checking
Account

Has Savings
Account

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

96
144
240

39.9
60.1
100.0

9,057
13,666
22,723

39.9
60.1
100.0

6,583
9,835
16,418

40.1
59.9
100.0

45.3
54.7
100.0

30
38
68

44.3
55.7
100.0

1,700
1,992
3,692

46.1
53.9
100.0

1,079
1,038
2,117

51.0
49.0
100.0

1,003
1,284
2,287

43.8
56.2
100.0

8
39
47

16.8
83.2
100.0

2,226
2,929
5,155

43.2
56.8
100.0

1,522
1,771
3,293

46.2
53.8
100.0

66.5
33.5
100.0

825
991
1,816

45.4
54.6
100.0

16
34
50

32.6
67.4
100.0

2,370
3,146
5,516

43.0
57.0
100.0

1,696
2,225
3,921

43.2
56.8
100.0

51
45
96

53.3
46.7
100.0

361
494
855

42.2
57.8
100.0

19
19
37

49.7
50.3
100.0

1,480
2,535
4,015

36.9
63.1
100.0

1,167
2,083
3,250

35.9
64.1
100.0

30
10
40

74.5
25.5
100.0

187
357
545

34.4
65.6
100.0

23
15
37

61.2
38.8
100.0

1,280
3,065
4,345

29.5
70.5
100.0

1,120
2,717
3,837

29.2
70.8
100.0

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

87

Table A-42 2011 Households’ Use of Non-bank Money Orders and Other AFS in the Last Year
All Households that Used
Non-bank Money Orders
in the Last Year
Number
(1000s)
Types of AFS Used
Used non-bank money order and/or other AFS in the last year
Used only non-bank money order in the last year
Total Households that Used Non-bank Money Orders in the Last Year
If Household Used Only Non-bank Money Orders,
Timing of Use
In last 30 days
In last 2-12 months
Total Households That Used Only Non-bank Money Orders in the Last
Year
If Households Used Only Non-bank Money Orders,
Number of Times Used in Last 30 Days
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 times
Used 4 times
Used 5 times
Unknown
Total Households That Used Only Non-bank Money Orders in the Last
30 Days
Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Pct of Col

Banking Status
Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

17,371
13,238
30,609

56.8
43.2
100.0

4,800
1,610
6,410

74.9
25.1
100.0

12,571
11,629
24,199

51.9
48.1
100.0

4,994
8,244

37.7
62.3

980
630

60.9
39.1

4,014
7,615

34.5
65.5

13,238

100.0

1,610

100.0

11,629

100.0

3,276
893
285
187
214
139

65.6
17.9
5.7
3.7
4.3
2.8

534
152
110
51
89
44

54.5
15.5
11.2
5.2
9.1
4.5

2,741
741
175
136
125
95

68.3
18.5
4.4
3.4
3.1
2.4

4,994

100.0

980

100.0

4,014

100.0

Underbanked Households • September 2012

88

Table A-43 2011 Underbanked Households That Only Use Money Orders by Demographic Characteristics
Types of AFS Used
All Underbanked Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

All Underbanked Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

Pct of Col

Used Money Order And/Or
Other AFS in the Last Year
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Used Only Money Order in the
Last Year
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

24,199

100.0

12,571

100.0

11,629

100.0

16,931
4,598
1,662
10,671
7,239
3,359
3,880
29

70.0
19.0
6.9
44.1
29.9
13.9
16.0
0.1

9,207
2,577
975
5,655
3,355
1,432
1,922
9

73.2
20.5
7.8
45.0
26.7
11.4
15.3
0.1

7,724
2,021
687
5,016
3,885
1,927
1,958
20

66.4
17.4
5.9
43.1
33.4
16.6
16.8
0.2

5,441
3,927
825
372
81
13,551
3

22.5
16.2
3.4
1.5
0.3
56.0
0.0

2,837
2,569
554
176
60
6,372
3

22.6
20.4
4.4
1.4
0.5
50.7
0.0

2,603
1,358
271
196
21
7,179
-

22.4
11.7
2.3
1.7
0.2
61.7
-

23,496
703

97.1
2.9

12,035
536

95.7
4.3

11,461
168

98.6
1.4

20,038
1,880
2,282

82.8
7.8
9.4

9,602
1,292
1,677

76.4
10.3
13.3

10,435
588
605

89.7
5.1
5.2

1,955
4,993
4,918
5,336
4,064
2,933

8.1
20.6
20.3
22.1
16.8
12.1

1,071
2,847
2,899
2,801
1,811
1,141

8.5
22.6
23.1
22.3
14.4
9.1

884
2,146
2,018
2,536
2,253
1,792

7.6
18.5
17.4
21.8
19.4
15.4

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

14.5
31.6
31.7
22.2

2,130
4,086
3,960
2,395

16.9
32.5
31.5
19.1

1,376
3,552
3,716
2,985

11.8
30.5
32.0
25.7

15,515
1,899
6,786

64.1
7.8
28.0

8,248
1,107
3,216

65.6
8.8
25.6

7,267
792
3,570

62.5
6.8
30.7

4,225
5,628
5,787
4,142
4,418

17.5
23.3
23.9
17.1
18.3

2,215
3,096
3,200
2,146
1,914

17.6
24.6
25.5
17.1
15.2

2,010
2,532
2,587
1,997
2,503

17.3
21.8
22.2
17.2
21.5

12,590
11,610

52.0
48.0

5,984
6,587

47.6
52.4

6,606
5,023

56.8
43.2

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

16.1
19.7
43.1
21.0

1,844
2,496
5,350
2,882

14.7
19.9
42.6
22.9

2,064
2,277
5,079
2,208

17.8
19.6
43.7
19.0

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367
3,857
276

82.9
30.9
38.1
13.9
15.9
1.1

10,451
4,072
4,575
1,804
1,990
130

83.1
32.4
36.4
14.4
15.8
1.0

9,615
3,413
4,639
1,563
1,867
146

82.7
29.3
39.9
13.4
16.1
1.3

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

89

Table A-44 2011 Households That Used Money Orders in the Last 30 Days: Number of Times Used and Where
Purchased
All Households That Used
Non-bank Money Orders in
the Last 30 Days
Number
(1000s)
Number of Times Non-Bank Money Orders
Used in the Last 30 Days
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 times
Used 4 times
Used 5 times
Unknown
Total Households That Used Money Orders in the Last
30 Days
Where Non-Bank Money Orders Were
Purchased in the Last 30 Days
Purchased at post office
Did not purchase at post office
Unknown
Total Households That Used Money Orders in the Last
30 Days
Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Pct of Col

Banking Status

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

5,872
2,061
766
490
440
324

59.0
20.7
7.7
4.9
4.4
3.3

1,527
677
384
199
228
151

48.2
21.4
12.1
6.3
7.2
4.8

4,345
1,384
382
291
212
173

64.0
20.4
5.6
4.3
3.1
2.5

9,952

100.0

3,166

100.0

6,786

100.0

2,799
7,110
43

28.1
71.4
0.4

722
2,424
20

22.8
76.5
0.6

2,077
4,687
23

30.6
69.1
0.3

9,952

100.0

3,166

100.0

6,786

100.0

Underbanked Households • September 2012

90

Table A-45 2011 Reasons Households Use AFS
Banking Status
All Households
Main Reason Household Used AFS
Instead of Banks

Unbanked

Underbanked

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Fully Banked

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

955
22,199
8,858
888
2,268
245
3,654
604
39,671

2.4
56.0
22.3
2.2
5.7
0.6
9.2
1.5
100.0

115
2,272
1,130
219
1,587
131
304
54
5,813

2.0
39.1
19.4
3.8
27.3
2.3
5.2
0.9
100.0

484
10,517
5,391
480
330
69
1,797
165
19,233

2.5
54.7
28.0
2.5
1.7
0.4
9.3
0.9
100.0

349
9,259
2,250
185
333
41
1,525
323
14,266

2.4
64.9
15.8
1.3
2.3
0.3
10.7
2.3
100.0

7
151
87
4
17
4
28
62
359

1.8
42.1
24.1
1.0
4.9
1.1
7.8
17.2
100.0

272
2,665
7,237
632
167
271
2,952
206
1,314
301
16,018

1.7
16.6
45.2
3.9
1.0
1.7
18.4
1.3
8.2
1.9
100.0

113
529
1,339
309
75
89
1,815
115
198
89
4,670

2.4
11.3
28.7
6.6
1.6
1.9
38.9
2.5
4.2
1.9
100.0

119
1,403
3,942
263
71
158
768
77
727
84
7,611

1.6
18.4
51.8
3.4
0.9
2.1
10.1
1.0
9.6
1.1
100.0

40
719
1,889
57
22
24
356
14
373
86
3,579

1.1
20.1
52.8
1.6
0.6
0.7
9.9
0.4
10.4
2.4
100.0

13
68
3
14
17
42
157

8.3
43.0
2.2
8.7
10.9
26.9
100.0

597
1,666
2,296
778

8.4
23.5
32.5
11.0

45
235
306
84

3.7
19.2
25.0
6.9

411
1,091
1,451
569

9.4
25.0
33.2
13.0

139
339
529
122

9.7
23.6
36.7
8.5

NA
NA
NA
NA

NA
NA
NA
NA

365
454
78
706
136
7,076

5.2
6.4
1.1
10.0
1.9
100.0

103
361
33
36
21
1,224

8.4
29.5
2.7
2.9
1.7
100.0

224
79
29
458
57
4,369

5.1
1.8
0.7
10.5
1.3
100.0

35
15
15
204
41
1,439

2.4
1.0
1.0
14.2
2.9
100.0

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
44

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
100.0

1,125
677

20.0
12.0

128
71

17.6
9.8

699
461

19.7
13.0

296
145

22.4
11.0

NA
NA

NA
NA

2,283

40.6

249

34.2

1,497

42.3

523

39.6

NA

NA

76
838
41
468
114
5,622

1.3
14.9
0.7
8.3
2.0
100.0

4
183
30
47
14
727

0.6
25.2
4.1
6.5
1.9
100.0

61
481
11
262
68
3,541

1.7
13.6
0.3
7.4
1.9
100.0

10
168
.
153
25
1,320

0.8
12.7
.
11.6
1.9
100.0

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
100.0

1,567
940

17.5
10.5

261
205

12.8
10.1

907
473

19.2
10.0

397
261

18.4
12.1

NA
NA

NA
NA

3,722
194
1,546
96
807
88
8,960

41.5
2.2
17.3
1.1
9.0
1.0
100.0

825
44
544
63
84
7
2,033

40.6
2.2
26.8
3.1
4.1
0.3
100.0

1,973
112
737
27
440
48
4,717

41.8
2.4
15.6
0.6
9.3
1.0
100.0

904
38
262
6
275
19
2,162

41.8
1.7
12.1
0.3
12.7
0.9
100.0

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
96

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
100.0

Non-Bank Money Order
Banks do not sell money orders
The place is more convenient
A bank charges more for money orders
The place feels more comfortable than a bank
Do not have a bank account
Do not trust banks
Other
Don’t Know/Refused
Total
Non-Bank Check Cashing
Banks do not cash checks
To get money faster
The place is more convenient
A bank charges more to cash checks
The place to cash checks asks for fewer IDs
The place feels more comfortable than a bank
Do not have a bank account
Do not trust banks
Other
Don’t Know/Refused
Total
Non-Bank Remittances
Banks do not send money abroad
The money gets there faster
The place is more convenient
A bank charges more to send money abroad
The place to give or send money feels more comfortable than a bank
Do not have a bank account
Do not trust banks
Other
Don’t Know/Refused
Total
Payday Loans
Banks do not make small dollar loans
The place is more convenient
It is easier or faster to get a payday loan than to
qualify for a bank loan
The payday loan place feels more comfortable than a
bank
Do not qualify for a bank loan
Do not trust banks
Other
Don’t Know/Refused
Total
Pawn Shops
Banks do not make small dollar loans
The place is more convenient
It is easier and faster to get money from a pawn shop
than to qualify for a bank loan
More comfortable at a pawn shop than at a bank
Don’t qualify for a bank loan
Do not trust banks
Other
Don’t Know/Refused
Total

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Notes:
Totals include only households that used the specified AFS product.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Pct of
Col

91

Table A-46 2011 Reasons Households Need Funds From AFS Credit Products
Banking Status

All Households that Used AFS
Credit in the Last Year
Main Reason Household Used AFS
Credit

Number
(1000s)

To make up for job loss or decrease in income
For basic living expenses
For house or car repairs or to buy an appliance
For medical, dental or death expenses
For school or childcare expenses
For special gifts or luxuries
For legal expenses
Other
Don’t Know/Refused
Total

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

1,269
3,292
818
153
152
332
38
893
296
7,243

17.5
45.5
11.3
2.1
2.1
4.6
0.5
12.3
4.1
100.0

Notes:
Totals include only households that used an AFS credit product within the last 12 months.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Underbanked

Pct of Col

317
889
157
16
27
72
2
124
56
1,660

Number
(1000s)

19.1
53.6
9.5
0.9
1.6
4.3
0.1
7.5
3.4
100.0

Pct of Col

953
2,403
661
137
126
260
36
769
240
5,583

17.1
43.0
11.8
2.5
2.2
4.7
0.6
13.8
4.3
100.0

Table A-47 2011 Household Use of Multiple AFS Products
Banking Status
All Households
Use of Multiple AFS Products
All Households
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last Year
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 AFS
Used 3 or more AFS
Unknown
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last 30 Daysa
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 AFS
Used 3 or more AFS
Unknown

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408

100.0

9,875

100.0

24,199

100.0

82,830

100.0

3,504

100.0

85,741
19,796
7,173
2,840
4,858

71.2
16.4
6.0
2.4
4.0

2,911
2,610
2,339
1,166
849

29.5
26.4
23.7
11.8
8.6

0
17,186
4,834
1,674
505

0.0
71.0
20.0
6.9
2.1

82,830
0
0
0
0

100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0
0
0
0
3,504

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0

101,650
10,984
2,723
383
4,669

84.4
9.1
2.3
0.3
3.9

4,729
2,708
1,411
189
838

47.9
27.4
14.3
1.9
8.5

13,878
8,276
1,311
194
541

57.3
34.2
5.4
0.8
2.2

82,830
0
0
0
0

100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

214
0
0
0
3,290

6.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
93.9

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 day
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

92

Table A-48 2011 Unbanked Households’ Use of Multiple AFS Products
Previous Banking Status
All Unbanked
Households
Use of Multiple AFS
Products

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Number of Specific AFS Products
Used in the Last Year
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 AFS
Used 3 or more AFS
Unknown
Number of Specific AFS
Products Used in the Last
30 Daysa
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 AFS
Used 3 or more AFS
Unknown

Previously Banked

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Previous Banking Status
Unknown

Never-Banked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

9,875

100.0

4,411

100.0

5,269

100.0

195

100.0

2,911
2,610
2,339
1,166
849

29.5
26.4
23.7
11.8
8.6

1,036
1,319
1,175
592
288

23.5
29.9
26.7
13.4
6.5

1,851
1,286
1,155
564
413

35.1
24.4
21.9
10.7
7.8

24
5
9
10
148

12.2
2.6
4.6
4.9
75.6

4,729
2,708
1,411
189
838

47.9
27.4
14.3
1.9
8.5

2,069
1,395
607
84
256

46.9
31.6
13.8
1.9
5.8

2,625
1,305
800
105
434

49.8
24.8
15.2
2.0
8.2

36
7
4
148

18.5
3.8
2.2
75.6

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Table A-49 2011 Timing of AFS Use by Number of AFS Used
Timing of AFS Use
All Households

All Households
Number of Specific AFS Products Used
in the Last Year
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Used 3 or more AFS
Unknown

In last 30 daysa

In last 2-12 months

Not in the last 12
months

Never used

Unknown

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408

100.0

14,470

100.0

16,139

100.0

21,002

100.0

65,335

100.0

3,461

100.0

85,741
19,796
7,173
2,840
4,858

71.2
16.4
6.0
2.4
4.0

0
7,184
4,540
2,343
404

0.0
49.6
31.4
16.2
2.8

0
12,612
2,633
497
396

0.0
78.1
16.3
3.1
2.5

20,406
0
0
0
596

97.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8

65,335
0
0
0
0

100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

0
0
0
0
3,461

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

93

Table A-50 2011 Timing of AFS Use by Demographic Characteristics
Timing of AFS Use
All Households
Household Characteristic
All Households
Banking Status
Unbanked
Underbanked
Fully banked
Banked but underbanked status unknown
Bank Account Type
Unbanked households
Checking and savings accounts
Savings account only
Checking account only
Banked, but account type unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race and Ethnicity of Householder
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

In last 30 daysa

In last 2-12 months

Not in the last 12
months

Never used

Unknown

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408

100.0

14,470

100.0

16,139

100.0

21,002

100.0

65,335

100.0

3,461

100.0

9,875
24,199
82,830
3,504

8.2
20.1
68.8
2.9

4,490
9,981
0
0

31.0
69.0
0.0
0.0

1,920
14,219
0
0

11.9
88.1
0.0
0.0

929
0
19,531
543

4.4
0.0
93.0
2.6

2,036
0
63,299
0

3.1
0.0
96.9
0.0

501
0
0
2,961

14.5
0.0
0.0
85.5

9,875
80,924
2,379
25,378
1,851

8.2
67.2
2.0
21.1
1.5

4,490
5,720
862
3,303
96

31.0
39.5
6.0
22.8
0.7

1,920
9,394
435
4,245
144

11.9
58.2
2.7
26.3
0.9

929
14,944
281
4,680
169

4.4
71.2
1.3
22.3
0.8

2,036
49,272
782
12,610
634

3.1
75.4
1.2
19.3
1.0

501
1,594
19
541
807

14.5
46.0
0.6
15.6
23.3

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

65.5
12.9
4.7
47.8
34.4
18.0
16.4
0.1

10,040
3,643
1,167
5,231
4,422
1,929
2,493
8

69.4
25.2
8.1
36.1
30.6
13.3
17.2
0.1

11,091
3,075
1,075
6,941
5,026
2,269
2,757
22

68.7
19.1
6.7
43.0
31.1
14.1
17.1
0.1

13,377
2,502
867
10,008
7,594
3,884
3,710
31

63.7
11.9
4.1
47.7
36.2
18.5
17.7
0.1

42,255
5,898
2,346
34,011
23,042
12,803
10,239
37

64.7
9.0
3.6
52.1
35.3
19.6
15.7
0.1

2,062
456
206
1,400
1,395
803
591
5

59.6
13.2
5.9
40.5
40.3
23.2
17.1
0.1

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
23

13.3
11.4
4.1
1.2
0.2
69.8
-

4,217
3,406
289
276
41
6,242
NA

29.1
23.5
2.0
1.9
0.3
43.1
NA

3,425
2,367
577
241
52
9,474
NA

21.2
14.7
3.6
1.5
0.3
58.7
NA

2,600
1,689
515
276
45
15,864
NA

12.4
8.0
2.5
1.3
0.2
75.5
NA

5,170
5,880
3,439
553
126
50,167
NA

7.9
9.0
5.3
0.8
0.2
76.8
NA

633
369
165
44
3
2,241
NA

18.3
10.7
4.8
1.3
0.1
64.7
NA

117,940
2,467

98.0
2.0

13,566
904

93.8
6.2

15,743
396

97.5
2.5

20,774
228

98.9
1.1

64,470
865

98.7
1.3

3,388
74

97.9
2.1

104,143
8,380
7,885

86.5
7.0
6.5

11,461
912
2,097

79.2
6.3
14.5

13,626
1,174
1,339

84.4
7.3
8.3

19,329
915
758

92.0
4.4
3.6

56,819
5,124
3,392

87.0
7.8
5.2

2,908
256
298

84.0
7.4
8.6

6,299
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

5.2
16.9
17.8
20.5
18.3
21.3

1,415
3,404
3,093
3,080
2,075
1,402

9.8
23.5
21.4
21.3
14.3
9.7

1,276
3,480
3,278
3,523
2,693
1,890

7.9
21.6
20.3
21.8
16.7
11.7

738
3,392
3,818
4,284
4,247
4,522

3.5
16.2
18.2
20.4
20.2
21.5

2,717
9,588
10,714
12,973
12,398
16,946

4.2
14.7
16.4
19.9
19.0
25.9

154
510
511
798
623
865

4.4
14.7
14.8
23.1
18.0
25.0

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

11.9
28.6
28.2
31.2

3,567
4,950
4,114
1,838

24.7
34.2
28.4
12.7

2,251
5,202
4,965
3,721

13.9
32.2
30.8
23.1

2,036
5,699
6,576
6,692

9.7
27.1
31.3
31.9

5,951
17,458
17,508
24,417

9.1
26.7
26.8
37.4

515
1,152
846
947

14.9
33.3
24.5
27.4

72,580
6,779
41,049

60.3
5.6
34.1

8,330
1,460
4,680

57.6
10.1
32.3

9,913
1,532
4,694

61.4
9.5
29.1

12,881
1,011
7,110

61.3
4.8
33.9

39,618
2,608
23,109

60.6
4.0
35.4

1,839
167
1,456

53.1
4.8
42.1

19,541
22,073
24,787
21,975
32,032

16.2
18.3
20.6
18.3
26.6

4,377
3,793
3,148
1,771
1,382

30.2
26.2
21.8
12.2
9.6

3,396
3,545
3,424
2,666
3,108

21.0
22.0
21.2
16.5
19.3

2,973
3,678
4,585
4,095
5,671

14.2
17.5
21.8
19.5
27.0

8,139
10,248
12,948
12,891
21,110

12.5
15.7
19.8
19.7
32.3

657
808
683
552
761

19.0
23.4
19.7
16.0
22.0

79,144
41,264

65.7
34.3

5,269
9,201

36.4
63.6

8,634
7,505

53.5
46.5

14,415
6,588

68.6
31.4

48,548
16,787

74.3
25.7

2,278
1,183

65.8
34.2

21,784
26,900

18.1
22.3

2,150
2,705

14.9
18.7

2,709
3,286

16.8
20.4

3,794
4,750

18.1
22.6

12,494
15,340

19.1
23.5

637
820

18.4
23.7

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

94

Table A-50 2011 Timing of AFS Use by Demographic Characteristics (continued)
Timing of AFS Use
All Households
Household Characteristic
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

In last 30 daysa

In last 2-12 months

Not in the last 12
months

Never used

Unknown

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

44,920
26,804

37.3
22.3

6,425
3,190

44.4
22.0

6,979
3,165

43.2
19.6

7,798
4,660

37.1
22.2

22,446
15,055

34.4
23.0

1,271
734

36.7
21.2

100,311
33,636
49,548
17,127
19,193
903

83.3
27.9
41.2
14.2
15.9
0.8

12,040
5,278
4,899
1,863
2,270
161

83.2
36.5
33.9
12.9
15.7
1.1

13,244
4,836
6,160
2,248
2,727
168

82.1
30.0
38.2
13.9
16.9
1.0

17,066
5,426
8,419
3,221
3,792
144

81.3
25.8
40.1
15.3
18.1
0.7

54,983
17,040
28,602
9,341
9,938
413

84.2
26.1
43.8
14.3
15.2
0.6

2,978
1,056
1,467
454
466
17

86.0
30.5
42.4
13.1
13.5
0.5

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

95

Table A-51 2011 Underbanked Households’ Timing of AFS Use by Demographic Characteristics
Timing of AFS Use
All Underbanked Households
Number
(1000s)
All Underbanked Households
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race and Ethnicity of Householder
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

Pct of Col

In last 2-12 months

In last 30 daysa
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

24,199

100.0

9,981

100.0

14,219

100.0

16,931
4,598
1,662
10,671
7,239
3,359
3,880
29

70.0
19.0
6.9
44.1
29.9
13.9
16.0
0.1

7,028
2,163
772
4,093
2,945
1,361
1,584
8

70.4
21.7
7.7
41.0
29.5
13.6
15.9
0.1

9,903
2,435
890
6,579
4,294
1,998
2,297
22

69.6
17.1
6.3
46.3
30.2
14.1
16.2
0.2

5,441
3,927
825
372
81
13,551
3

22.5
16.2
3.4
1.5
0.3
56.0
0.0

2,746
1,974
264
184
33
4,780
-

27.5
19.8
2.6
1.8
0.3
47.9
-

2,695
1,952
562
188
48
8,771
3

19.0
13.7
4.0
1.3
0.3
61.7
0.0

23,496
703

97.1
2.9

9,569
412

95.9
4.1

13,927
292

97.9
2.1

20,038
1,880
2,282

82.8
7.8
9.4

8,045
764
1,171

80.6
7.7
11.7

11,992
1,116
1,111

84.3
7.8
7.8

1,955
4,993
4,918
5,336
4,064
2,933

8.1
20.6
20.3
22.1
16.8
12.1

924
2,064
2,051
2,209
1,587
1,146

9.3
20.7
20.5
22.1
15.9
11.5

1,032
2,928
2,867
3,128
2,477
1,787

7.3
20.6
20.2
22.0
17.4
12.6

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

14.5
31.6
31.7
22.2

1,864
3,254
3,130
1,732

18.7
32.6
31.4
17.4

1,641
4,384
4,546
3,648

11.5
30.8
32.0
25.7

15,515
1,899
6,786

64.1
7.8
28.0

6,251
811
2,919

62.6
8.1
29.2

9,264
1,088
3,867

65.2
7.7
27.2

4,225
5,628
5,787
4,142
4,418

17.5
23.3
23.9
17.1
18.3

2,036
2,533
2,536
1,547
1,328

20.4
25.4
25.4
15.5
13.3

2,188
3,095
3,250
2,596
3,089

15.4
21.8
22.9
18.3
21.7

12,590
11,610

52.0
48.0

4,386
5,595

43.9
56.1

8,204
6,015

57.7
42.3

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

16.1
19.7
43.1
21.0

1,523
1,870
4,366
2,221

15.3
18.7
43.7
22.3

2,385
2,902
6,063
2,869

16.8
20.4
42.6
20.2

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367
3,857
276

82.9
30.9
38.1
13.9
15.9
1.1

8,355
3,428
3,546
1,382
1,503
122

83.7
34.3
35.5
13.8
15.1
1.2

11,711
4,057
5,668
1,985
2,354
154

82.4
28.5
39.9
14.0
16.6
1.1

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

96

Table A-52 2011 Number of Times Households Used Transaction AFS in the Last 30 Days
All Households That Used
Transaction AFS in the Last
30 Days
Number of Times Transaction AFS Used
All Households that Used Transaction AFS in the Last 30 Days
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown

Number
(1000s)
13,504
6,367
3,101
3,575
462

Pct of Col
100.0
47.1
23.0
26.5
3.4

Banking Status
Unbanked
Number
(1000s)
4,392
1,327
1,032
1,817
216

Underbanked

Pct of Col
100.0
30.2
23.5
41.4
4.9

Number
(1000s)
9,112
5,040
2,069
1,758
246

Pct of Col
100.0
55.3
22.7
19.3
2.7

Notes:
Figures are based on the number of times households used non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, and/or non-bank remittances in the last 30 days. Households were not asked the number of times they used payday loans,
pawn shops, rent-to-own or RALs in the last 30 days.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

97

Table A-53 2011 Households’ Use of Multiple AFS in the Last Year by Demographic Characteristics
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in the Last Year
All Households
Household Characteristic
All Households
Banking Status
Unbanked
Underbanked
Fully banked
Banked but underbanked status unknown
Bank Account Type
Unbanked Households
Checking and savings accounts
Savings account only
Checking account only
Banked, but account type unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race and Ethnicity of Householder
Black
Hispanic non-Black
Asian
American Indian/Alaskan
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Used 0 AFS
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Used 1 AFS
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Used 2 or More
AFS
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408

100.0

85,741

100.0

19,796

100.0

10,013

100.0

4,858

100.0

9,875
24,199
82,830
3,504

8.2
20.1
68.8
2.9

2,911
0
82,830
0

3.4
0.0
96.6
0.0

2,610
17,186
0
0

13.2
86.8
0.0
0.0

3,505
6,508
0
0

35.0
65.0
0.0
0.0

849
505
0
3,504

17.5
10.4
0.0
72.1

9,875
80,924
2,379
25,378
1,851

8.2
67.2
2.0
21.1
1.5

2,911
63,839
1,053
17,164
774

3.4
74.5
1.2
20.0
0.9

2,610
11,051
878
5,099
157

13.2
55.8
4.4
25.8
0.8

3,505
3,798
408
2,262
41

35.0
37.9
4.1
22.6
0.4

849
2,236
41
854
878

17.5
46.0
0.8
17.6
18.1

78,826
15,575
5,661
57,591
41,479
21,688
19,791
102

65.5
12.9
4.7
47.8
34.4
18.0
16.4
0.1

55,251
8,293
3,188
43,769
30,425
16,576
13,849
66

64.4
9.7
3.7
51.0
35.5
19.3
16.2
0.1

13,381
3,794
1,226
8,361
6,387
3,001
3,386
28

67.6
19.2
6.2
42.2
32.3
15.2
17.1
0.1

7,152
2,682
940
3,530
2,860
1,090
1,770
1

71.4
26.8
9.4
35.3
28.6
10.9
17.7
-

3,043
805
307
1,931
1,808
1,021
787
7

62.6
16.6
6.3
39.7
37.2
21.0
16.2
0.1

16,046
13,710
4,985
1,389
267
83,988
23

13.3
11.4
4.1
1.2
0.2
69.8
0.0

7,643
7,496
3,929
818
171
65,671
14

8.9
8.7
4.6
1.0
0.2
76.6
-

4,451
3,141
645
328
54
11,177
-

22.5
15.9
3.3
1.7
0.3
56.5
-

2,973
2,435
189
178
31
4,205
3

29.7
24.3
1.9
1.8
0.3
42.0
-

980
638
223
65
11
2,935
6

20.2
13.1
4.6
1.3
0.2
60.4
0.1

117,940
2,467

98.0
2.0

84,665
1,076

98.7
1.3

19,166
629

96.8
3.2

9,394
619

93.8
6.2

4,715
143

97.1
2.9

104,143
8,380
7,885

86.5
7.0
6.5

75,620
6,000
4,121

88.2
7.0
4.8

16,619
1,400
1,776

84.0
7.1
9.0

7,872
619
1,522

78.6
6.2
15.2

4,032
361
465

83.0
7.4
9.6

6,299
20,374
21,414
24,658
22,036
25,625

5.2
16.9
17.8
20.5
18.3
21.3

3,446
12,880
14,452
17,161
16,523
21,280

4.0
15.0
16.9
20.0
19.3
24.8

1,543
3,908
3,933
4,317
3,468
2,627

7.8
19.7
19.9
21.8
17.5
13.3

1,074
2,819
2,288
2,089
1,176
567

10.7
28.2
22.8
20.9
11.7
5.7

236
768
741
1,091
870
1,151

4.9
15.8
15.3
22.5
17.9
23.7

14,321
34,462
34,010
37,615

11.9
28.6
28.2
31.2

7,885
22,983
23,885
30,988

9.2
26.8
27.9
36.1

3,170
6,289
5,949
4,387

16.0
31.8
30.1
22.2

2,439
3,581
2,936
1,057

24.4
35.8
29.3
10.6

827
1,608
1,239
1,184

17.0
33.1
25.5
24.4

72,580
6,779
41,049

60.3
5.6
34.1

52,181
3,601
29,959

60.9
4.2
34.9

11,984
1,675
6,137

60.5
8.5
31.0

5,846
1,253
2,914

58.4
12.5
29.1

2,569
250
2,039

52.9
5.1
42.0

19,541
22,073
24,787
21,975
32,032

16.2
18.3
20.6
18.3
26.6

11,006
13,818
17,386
16,862
26,669

12.8
16.1
20.3
19.7
31.1

4,439
4,371
4,187
3,178
3,621

22.4
22.1
21.2
16.1
18.3

3,087
2,765
2,211
1,168
783

30.8
27.6
22.1
11.7
7.8

1,009
1,120
1,003
767
958

20.8
23.0
20.7
15.8
19.7

79,144
41,264

65.7
34.3

62,597
23,144

73.0
27.0

10,341
9,454

52.2
47.8

3,254
6,759

32.5
67.5

2,952
1,906

60.8
39.2

21,784
26,900

18.1
22.3

16,191
19,939

18.9
23.3

3,308
3,982

16.7
20.1

1,406
1,863

14.0
18.6

880
1,116

18.1
23.0

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

98

Table A-53 2011 Households’ Use of Multiple AFS in the Last Year by Demographic Characteristics
(continued)
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in the Last Year
All Households
Number
(1000s)

Household Characteristic
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

Used 0 AFS

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Used 1 AFS

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Used 2 or More
AFS
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

44,920
26,804

37.3
22.3

30,046
19,565

35.0
22.8

8,435
4,072

42.6
20.6

4,650
2,095

46.4
20.9

1,789
1,072

36.8
22.1

100,311
33,636
49,548
17,127
19,193
903

83.3
27.9
41.2
14.2
15.9
0.8

71,538
22,296
36,795
12,448
13,649
553

83.4
26.0
42.9
14.5
15.9
0.6

16,269
6,039
7,492
2,739
3,299
227

82.2
30.5
37.8
13.8
16.7
1.1

8,310
3,742
3,300
1,268
1,605
98

83.0
37.4
33.0
12.7
16.0
1.0

4,193
1,559
1,961
673
639
26

86.3
32.1
40.4
13.8
13.2
0.5

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Table A-54 2011 Underbanked Households’ Use of Multiple AFS in the Last Year by Bank Account Type
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in the Last Year

All Underbanked
Households
Bank Account Type

Number
(1000s)

All Underbanked Households
Checking and savings accounts
Savings account only
Checking account only
Banked, but account type
unknown

Used 1 AFS
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Used 2 or More AFS

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Unknown

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

24,199
15,113
1,297
7,548

100.0
62.5
5.4
31.2

17,186
11,051
878
5,099

100.0
64.3
5.1
29.7

6,508
3,798
408
2,262

100.0
58.4
6.3
34.7

505
264
12
187

100.0
52.3
2.3
37.0

240

1.0

157

0.9

41

0.6

42

8.4

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Table A-55 2011 Households’ Use of Prepaid and Payroll Cards by Banking Status
Banking Status
All Households
Prepaid and Payroll Card Use
All Households
Prepaid Cards
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Payroll Cards
Receives wages on payroll card
Does not receive wages on payroll card
Unknown

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408

100.0

9,875

100.0

24,199

100.0

82,830

100.0

3,504

100.0

12,119
104,746
3,542

10.1
87.0
2.9

1,759
7,478
637

17.8
75.7
6.5

4,205
19,767
227

17.4
81.7
0.9

6,038
76,474
317

7.3
92.3
0.4

116
1,027
2,361

3.3
29.3
67.4

3,891
113,293
3,223

3.2
94.1
2.7

547
8,734
595

5.5
88.4
6.0

1,276
22,721
202

5.3
93.9
0.8

2,050
80,669
110

2.5
97.4
0.1

18
1,169
2,316

0.5
33.4
66.1

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

99

Table A-56 2011 Unbanked Households’ Use of Prepaid and Payroll Cards by Banking Status
Unbanked Status
All Unbanked
Households
Prepaid and Payroll Card
Use

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Prepaid Cards
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Payroll Cards
Receives wages on payroll card
Does not receive wages on payroll
card
Unknown

Previously Banked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Previous Banking Status
Unknown

Never-Banked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Pct of Col

9,875

100.0

4,411

100.0

5,269

100.0

195

100.0

1,759
7,478
637

17.8
75.7
6.5

1,182
3,007
221

26.8
68.2
5.0

568
4,404
297

10.8
83.6
5.6

9
67
119

4.6
34.5
60.9

547

5.5

377

8.5

155

2.9

15

7.7

8,734
595

88.4
6.0

3,837
196

87.0
4.5

4,830
285

91.7
5.4

67
114

34.2
58.1

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Table A-57 Households’ Use of Prepaid and Payroll Cards by Year
Banking Status
All Households
Prepaid and Payroll
Card Use

Number (1000s)
2009

Unbanked

Pct of Col

2011

2009

2011

Estimated
Difference

Pct of Col
2009

2011

Underbanked
Estimated
Difference

Prepaid Cards
Has ever used

11,781

12,119

9.9

10.1

Has never used

105,000

105,000

87.9

87.0

2,600

3,542

2.2

2.9

0.8*

3,588

3,891

3.0

3.2

113,000

113,000

95.0

94.1

2,405

3,223

2.0

2.7

Unknown

0.2

5.6*

2009

Fully Banked

Estimated
Difference

2011

Pct of Col
2009

Estimated
Difference

Pct of Col
2009

-0.8*

Estimated
Difference

2011

-3.5*

17.4

7.3

3.3

91.5

92.3

0.8*

6.8

81.7

-1.2*

8.1

82.8

47.2

29.3

-0.0

0.7

0.9

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.0

45.9

67.4

21.5*

5.5

2.3*

4.2

5.3

1.0*

2.7

2.5

-0.3

1.6

0.5

-1.1*

90.1

88.4

-1.7*

95.3

93.9

-1.4*

97.1

97.4

0.3

51.9

33.4

6.7

6.0

-0.6

0.5

0.8

0.2

0.1

-0.0

46.5

66.1

17.8

81.3

75.7

-5.6*

6.5

6.5

0.2

3.2

-0.9*

1.0

2011

Underbanked Status Unknown

16.4

12.2

-0.9*

Pct of Col

-17.9*

Payroll Cards
Receives wages
on payroll card
Does not receive
wages on
payroll card
Unknown

0.7*

0.4*

Notes:
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

-18.5

19.6*

Table A-58 Unbanked Households’ Use of Prepaid and Payroll Cards by Year
Unbanked Status

All Unbanked
Households
Prepaid and Payroll Card
Use
Prepaid Cards
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Payroll Cards
Receives wages on payroll
card
Does not receive wages on
payroll card
Unknown

Previously Banked

Number (1000s)
2009

2011

Pct of Col
2009

2011

Never-Banked

Estimated
Difference

Pct of Col
2009

2011

Previous Banking Status Unknown
Estimated
Difference

Pct of Col
2009

2011

1,104
7,364
586

1,759
7,478
637

18.8
77.7
3.5

26.8
68.2
5.0

8.0 *
-9.6 *
1.5 *

5.7
86.0
8.3

10.8
83.6
5.6

5.1 *
-2.4 *
-2.6 *

48.5
51.5

4.6
34.5
60.9

290

547

5.0

8.5

3.6 *

1.5

2.9

1.5 *

-

7.7

8,162
602

8,734
595

91.5
3.5

87.0
4.5

-4.5 *
0.9

90.0
8.5

91.7
5.4

1.6 *
-3.1 *

45.1
54.9

34.2
58.1

Notes:
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Estimated
Difference
4.6
-14.0
9.4
7.7 *
-10.9
3.2

100

Table A-59 2011 Households’ Use of Prepaid and Payroll Cards by Bank Account Type
Bank Account Type

Prepaid and Payroll
Card Use
All Households
Prepaid Cards
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Payroll Cards
Receives wages on
payroll card
Does not receive
wages on payroll
card
Unknown

Number Pct of
(1000s) Col

Checking and
Savings Account
Savings Accounts
Only

Unbanked

All Households

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number Pct of
(1000s) Col

Memo Items
Banked, but
Account Type
Unknown

Checking
Account Only
Number Pct of
(1000s) Col

Has Checking
Account

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Has Savings
Account
Number Pct of
(1000s) Col

120,408

100.0

9,875

100.0

80,924

100.0

2,379

100.0

25,378

100.0

1,851

100.0

106,509

100.0

83,331

100.0

12,119
104,746
3,542

10.1
87.0
2.9

1,759
7,478
637

17.8
75.7
6.5

7,752
71,594
1,577

9.6
88.5
1.9

392
1,947
40

16.5
81.8
1.7

2,139
22,705
534

8.4
89.5
2.1

77
1,021
753

4.1
55.2
40.7

9,909
94,470
2,130

9.3
88.7
2.0

8,146
73,567
1,617

9.8
88.3
1.9

3,891

3.2

547

5.5

2,295

2.8

121

5.1

895

3.5

34

1.8

3,192

3.0

2,416

2.9

113,293
3,223

94.1
2.7

8,734
595

88.4
6.0

77,257
1,371

95.5
1.7

2,235
24

93.9
1.0

23,993
491

94.5
1.9

1,075
742

58.1
40.1

101,440
1,876

95.2
1.8

79,520
1,395

95.4
1.7

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Table A-60 2011 Households’ Use of Prepaid and Payroll Cards by AFS Use
Timing of AFS Use
All Households
Prepaid and Payroll
Card Use
All Households
Prepaid Cards
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Payroll Cards
Receives wages on
payroll card
Does not receive
wages on payroll
card
Unknown

In last 2-12
months

In last 30 daysa

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number Pct of Number
(1000s) Row (1000s)

120,408

100.0

14,470

12.0

12,119
104,746
3,542

100.0
100.0
100.0

3,133
11,129
208

3,891

100.0

113,293
3,223

100.0
100.0

Not in the last
12 months

Memo Items
Never used

Has Ever Used
Transaction

Unknown

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Number
Row (1000s)

16,139

13.4

21,002

17.4

65,335

54.3

3,461

2.9

25.9
10.6
5.9

2,594
13,376
169

21.4
12.8
4.8

2,344
18,383
276

19.3
17.5
7.8

3,971
61,095
269

32.8
58.3
7.6

77
764
2,621

921

23.7

795

20.4

534

13.7

1,618

41.6

13,372
178

11.8
5.5

15,161
183

13.4
5.7

20,252
215

17.9
6.7

63,628
89

56.2
2.8

Has Ever Used
Credit

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

47,109

39.1

17,109

14.2

0.6
0.7
74.0

7,461
39,050
599

61.6
37.3
16.9

3,880
13,099
130

32.0
12.5
3.7

23

0.6

2,029

52.2

1,164

29.9

881
2,558

0.8
79.4

44,534
546

39.3
17.0

15,863
83

14.0
2.6

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances. AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Table A-61 2011 Households That Used Multiple AFS in the Last Year by Prepaid and Payroll Card Use
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in the Last Year
All Households
Prepaid and Payroll Card Use
All Households
Prepaid Cards
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Payroll Cards
Receives wages on payroll card
Does not receive wages on payroll card
Unknown

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Used 0 AFS

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

120,408

100.0

85,741

100.0

19,796

100.0

10,013

100.0

4,858

100.0

12,119
104,746
3,542

10.1
87.0
2.9

6,276
79,114
351

7.3
92.3
0.4

3,086
16,645
64

15.6
84.1
0.3

2,548
7,447
18

25.4
74.4
0.2

208
1,540
3,110

4.3
31.7
64.0

3,891
113,293
3,223

3.2
94.1
2.7

2,147
83,478
116

2.5
97.4
0.1

933
18,822
41

4.7
95.1
0.2

761
9,238
15

7.6
92.3
0.1

50
1,756
3,052

1.0
36.1
62.8

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Unknown

Pct of
Col

and

Pct of
Col

Used 2 or More
AFS

Number
(1000s)

Unbanked

Number
(1000s)

Used 1 AFS

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

101

Table A-62 2011 Likelihood of Unbanked Households Opening an Account
Unbanked Status

All Unbanked
Households
Likelihood of Opening
Future Account

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Very likely
Somewhat likely
Not too likely
Not likely at all
Unknown

Pct of Col

9,875
1,337
2,014
2,148
3,851
526

100.0
13.5
20.4
21.7
39.0
5.3

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Previously Banked

Unbanked

and

Number
(1000s)
4,411
977
1,147
833
1,295
159

Pct of Col
100.0
22.2
26.0
18.9
29.4
3.6

Never-Banked
Number
(1000s)
5,269
350
846
1,287
2,531
255

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Unknown

Pct of Col
100.0
6.6
16.1
24.4
48.0
4.8

Number
(1000s)
195
9
20
29
25
112

Pct of Col
100.0
4.7
10.4
14.6
12.9
57.4

102

Table A-63 2011 Likelihood of Unbanked Households Opening an Account
All Unbanked
Households
Household Characteristic
All Unbanked Households
Previous Banking Status
Previously banked
Never-banked
Unknown
Last Time Household Had a Bank
Account
Within the last year
Over a year ago
Unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household
Female householder
Male householder
Other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner

of

Somewhat likely

Not too likely

Not likely at all

Unknown

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

9,875

100.0

1,337

13.5

2,014

20.4

2,148

21.7

3,851

39.0

526

5.3

4,411
5,269
196

100.0
100.0
100.0

977
350
9

22.2
6.6
4.7

1,147
846
20

26.0
16.1
10.4

833
1,287
29

18.9
24.4
14.6

1,295
2,531
25

29.4
48.0
12.9

159
255
112

3.6
4.8
57.4

896
3,439
5,541

100.0
100.0
100.0

370
599
368

41.3
17.4
6.6

226
918
870

25.2
26.7
15.7

136
693
1,319

15.2
20.2
23.8

124
1,163
2,564

13.8
33.8
46.3

41
66
419

4.5
1.9
7.6

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,960
1,702
2,258
11

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

891
495
120
277
446
157
288
NA

15.1
16.7
14.8
13.0
11.3
9.2
12.8
NA

1,311
718
186
407
698
263
435
NA

22.2
24.2
23.1
19.1
17.6
15.4
19.3
NA

1,436
691
163
582
711
276
435
NA

24.3
23.3
20.2
27.4
18.0
16.2
19.3
NA

1,999
935
295
769
1,847
868
979
NA

33.8
31.5
36.5
36.1
46.6
51.0
43.3
NA

268
132
43
93
258
138
120
NA

4.5
4.4
5.3
4.4
6.5
8.1
5.3
NA

3,430
2,762
3,330
353

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

514
268
518
36

15.0
9.7
15.6
10.3

731
548
676
59

21.3
19.9
20.3
16.6

750
718
589
91

21.9
26.0
17.7
25.8

1,208
1,116
1,371
156

35.2
40.4
41.2
44.3

227
113
176
11

6.6
4.1
5.3
3.0

8,965
911

100.0
100.0

1,291
46

14.4
5.1

1,868
146

20.8
16.1

1,864
284

20.8
31.2

3,453
399

38.5
43.8

491
35

5.5
3.9

7,673
453
1,750

100.0
100.0
100.0

1,147
63
127

15.0
13.9
7.2

1,605
70
339

20.9
15.3
19.4

1,566
88
495

20.4
19.3
28.3

2,954
185
712

38.5
40.9
40.7

401
48
77

5.2
10.6
4.4

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

254
431
308
244
77
22

23.2
16.7
15.5
12.2
6.4
2.2

306
635
495
337
154
87

28.0
24.6
24.8
16.8
12.8
8.7

229
575
448
499
220
178

20.9
22.2
22.5
24.9
18.3
17.8

251
844
645
808
647
655

22.9
32.6
32.4
40.4
53.8
65.7

55
102
98
114
103
54

5.0
3.9
4.9
5.7
8.6
5.5

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

384
542
363
47

10.4
14.4
18.1
11.4

652
800
485
77

17.7
21.3
24.2
18.5

856
799
395
98

23.2
21.2
19.7
23.6

1,629
1,397
665
160

44.1
37.1
33.2
38.8

174
227
94
32

4.7
6.0
4.7
7.6

3,818
1,525
4,532

100.0
100.0
100.0

532
351
454

13.9
23.0
10.0

862
421
730

22.6
27.6
16.1

947
324
878

24.8
21.2
19.4

1,267
340
2,244

33.2
22.3
49.5

210
89
227

5.5
5.8
5.0

5,510
2,581
1,221
431
132

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

774
330
143
65
24

14.1
12.8
11.7
15.2
18.1

1,160
540
220
66
29

21.1
20.9
18.0
15.2
21.6

1,120
595
326
84
23

20.3
23.0
26.7
19.5
17.3

2,235
938
459
170
49

40.6
36.3
37.6
39.5
36.8

221
178
74
45
8

4.0
6.9
6.0
10.5
6.2

2,238
7,637

100.0
100.0

260
1,076

11.6
14.1

346
1,668

15.5
21.8

463
1,685

20.7
22.1

1,001
2,850

44.7
37.3

168
358

7.5
4.7

Notes:
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

Likelihood of Opening an Account
Very likely

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

103

Table A-64 Likelihood of Unbanked Households Opening an Account by Year
2009
Likelihood of Opening an
Account

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Not too Likely
Not Likely At All
Unknown
Total
Previously Banked
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Not too Likely
Not Likely At All
Unknown
Total
Never-Banked
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Not too Likely
Not Likely At All
Unknown
Total

2011

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Estimated
Difference

1,388
1,745
1,785
3,608
528
9,054

15.3
19.3
19.7
39.9
5.8
100.0

1,337
2,014
2,148
3,851
526
9,875

13.5
20.4
21.7
39.0
5.3
100.0

-1.8 *
1.1
2.0
-0.9
-0.5

1,167
1,045
836
1,339
157
4,543

25.7
23.0
18.4
29.5
3.5
100.0

977
1,147
833
1,295
159
4,411

22.2
26.0
18.9
29.4
3.6
100.0

-3.5 *
3.0 *
0.5
-0.1
0.1

209
678
941
2,263
294
4,385

4.8
15.5
21.5
51.6
6.7
100.0

350
846
1,287
2,531
255
5,269

6.6
16.1
24.4
48.0
4.8
100.0

1.9 *
0.6
3.0 *
-3.6 *
-1.9 *

Notes:
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
The 2009 estimates include 519 previously banked households that were in the process of opening a bank account and were not asked the question about likelihood of
opening an account. These households were included in the 2009 estimates in the ‘very likely’ category to allow for a more accurate comparison with 2011 estimates.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions,
and methodological discussion.

Table A-65 2011 Likelihood of Unbanked Households Opening an Account by AFS Use
Likelihood of Opening an Account
All Unbanked
Households
AFS Use

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Ever Used AFS
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Used at Least 1 AFS in the
Last Year
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Used Transaction AFS in the
Last yeara
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Used Credit AFS in the Last
yearb
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown

Very or Somewhat likely

Pct of Row

Number
(1000s)

of

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

9,875

100.0

3,350

33.9

5,999

60.7

526

5.3

7,338
2,036
501

100.0
100.0
100.0

2,856
436
59

38.9
21.4
11.7

4,318
1,530
151

58.8
75.1
30.2

165
70
291

2.2
3.4
58.1

6,410
2,911
554

100.0
100.0
100.0

2,524
759
67

39.4
26.1
12.1

3,749
2,062
188

58.5
70.8
33.9

137
90
299

2.1
3.1
54.0

6,137
3,220
518

100.0
100.0
100.0

2,413
875
62

39.3
27.2
12.0

3,589
2,247
162

58.5
69.8
31.3

134
98
294

2.2
3.0
56.7

1,660
7,473
743

100.0
100.0
100.0

844
2,407
100

50.9
32.2
13.4

797
4,877
326

48.0
65.3
43.8

19
189
318

1.2
2.5
42.7

Notes:
a
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
b
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

Pct of Row

Not Too Likely or Not
Likely At All

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

104

Table A-66 2011 Likelihood of Unbanked Households Opening an Account by Prepaid and Payroll Card Use
Likelihood of Opening an Account
All Households Likely to
Open an Account
Prepaid Card and Payroll
Card Use

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Prepaid Card
Has ever used
Has never used
Unknown
Payroll Card Use
Receives wages on payroll card
Does not receive wages on payroll
card
Unknown

Pct of Row

Very or Somewhat likely
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

Not Too Likely or Not
Likely At All
Number
(1000s)

Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of Row

Pct of Row

9,875

100.0

3,350

33.9

5,999

60.7

526

5.3

1,759
7,478
637

100.0
100.0
100.0

865
2,396
89

49.2
32.0
14.0

865
4,877
257

49.2
65.2
40.3

30
205
291

1.7
2.7
45.7

547

100.0

276

50.4

255

46.6

16

2.9

8,734
595

100.0
100.0

2,996
79

34.3
13.3

5,499
245

63.0
41.2

239
271

2.7
45.6

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

Table A-67 2011 Reasons Unbanked Households Are Likely to Open a Bank Account by Previous Banking
Status
All Unbanked
Households
Main Reason for Opening an Account

Number
(1000s)

All Households Likely to Open an Account
To put money in a safe place
To write checks and pay bills
To be able to apply for a loan or mortgage
To save money for the future
To take advantage of direct deposit of paychecks
To send money to family and friends
Other
Unknown

3,350
919
995
108
798
266
13
199
53

Pct of Col
100.0
27.4
29.7
3.2
23.8
7.9
0.4
5.9
1.6

Unbanked Status
Previously Banked
Number
(1000s)
2,125
547
613
88
481
213
6
149
28

Pct of Col

Never-Banked
Number
(1000s)

100.0
25.7
28.8
4.2
22.6
10.0
0.3
7.0
1.3

1,197
371
369
19
314
53
7
44
19

Pct of Col
100.0
31.0
30.8
1.6
26.2
4.4
0.6
3.7
1.6

Unknown
Number
(1000s)
29
1
14
4
6
6

Notes:
Only unbanked households that reported being’ very likely’ or ‘somewhat likely’ to open an account in the future were asked about the reasons for opening an account.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Pct of Col
100.0
1.8
46.9
13.0
18.8
19.5

105

Table A-68 2011 Reasons Unbanked Households Are Likely to Open a Bank Account by Demographic
Characteristics
Main Reason for Opening an Account
All Households Likely
to Open an Account
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

To Put Money In a
Safe Place

To Write Checks and
Pay Bills

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Pct of
Row

To Be Able to Apply For
a Loan or Mortgage
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

To Save Money For
the Future
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

To Take Advantage of
Direct Deposit of
Paychecks
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

To Send Money to
Family and Friends
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Other/Unknown
Number
(1000s)

All Households Likely to
Open an Account
3,350
100.0
919
27.4
995
29.7
108
3.2
798
23.8
266
7.9
13
0.4
Household Type
Family household
2,202
100.0
607
27.6
653
29.7
63
2.8
568
25.8
150
6.8
6
0.3
Female householder,
no husband present
1,213
100.0
331
27.3
370
30.5
18
1.5
311
25.6
88
7.2
4
0.3
Male householder, no
wife present
306
100.0
68
22.3
87
28.4
19
6.2
89
29.2
12
3.8
2
0.7
7.5
Married couple
683
100.0
207
30.4
196
28.7
26
3.7
168
24.5
51
Nonfamily household
1,143
100.0
312
27.3
342
29.9
45
4.0
226
19.7
115
10.1
7
0.6
Other
5
100.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Race/Ethnicity
Black
1,245
100.0
349
28.0
348
27.9
41
3.3
354
28.4
65
5.2
4
0.3
Hispanic non-Black
816
100.0
259
31.7
201
24.7
28
3.4
239
29.3
31
3.8
4
0.5
White non-Black
non-Hispanic
1,194
100.0
285
23.9
417
35.0
35
2.9
194
16.3
161
13.5
2
0.2
Other non-Black
non-Hispanic
95
100.0
26
27.5
29
30.3
4
4.1
11
11.6
8
8.8
4
3.9
Spanish is Only
Language Spoken
Spanish is not only
language spoken
3,158
100.0
852
27.0
957
30.3
95
3.0
730
23.1
264
8.4
13
0.4
Spanish is only language
67
35.0
39
20.1
13
6.8
68
35.4
1
0.6
spoken
192
100.0
Nativity
U.S-born
2,753
100.0
703
25.5
856
31.1
92
3.4
619
22.5
250
9.1
6
0.2
Foreign-born citizen
132
100.0
60
45.4
33
25.3
29
22.2
7
5.3
Foreign-born non-citizen
466
100.0
156
33.5
106
22.8
15
3.3
150
32.2
9
1.9
7
1.6
Age Group
15 to 24 years
560
100.0
174
31.1
142
25.4
18
3.2
125
22.4
64
11.5
4
0.7
25 to 34 years
1,066
100.0
289
27.1
330
31.0
38
3.6
265
24.9
61
5.7
4
0.3
35 to 44 years
803
100.0
190
23.6
240
29.9
35
4.4
231
28.7
48
5.9
2
0.3
45 to 54 years
581
100.0
175
30.2
171
29.4
12
2.1
123
21.2
51
8.8
4
0.6
55 to 64 years
231
100.0
67
29.0
77
33.5
4
1.6
36
15.4
29
12.3
65 years or more
110
100.0
24
21.6
35
32.0
19
16.9
14
12.4
Education
No high school degree
1,036
100.0
340
32.8
267
25.8
25
2.4
257
24.8
71
6.8
6
0.6
High school degree
1,342
100.0
309
23.0
417
31.1
40
3.0
346
25.8
113
8.4
4
0.3
Some college
848
100.0
246
29.0
261
30.8
38
4.5
166
19.5
76
9.0
College degree
124
100.0
24
19.6
50
40.1
4
3.6
30
24.2
6
4.5
4
3
Household Income
Less than $15,000
1,934
100.0
562
29.1
533
27.6
46
2.4
481
24.8
173
8.9
7
0.4
Between $15,000 and
55
6.3
6
0.7
$30,000
870
100.0
222
25.5
263
30.2
45
5.2
193
22.2
Between $30,000 and
$50,000
363
100.0
83
23.0
135
37.3
12
3.4
78
21.6
32
8.9
Between $50,000 and
$75,000
131
100.0
32
24.4
45
34.4
37
28.5
6
4.3
At Least $75,000
53
100.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Notes:
Only unbanked households that reported being’ very likely’ or ‘somewhat likely’ to open an account in the future were asked about the reasons for opening an account.
NA = Not available because the sample size was too small to make an accurate estimate.
- = For this table cell, there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of the rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Pct of
Row

252

7.5

155

7.1

91

7.5

29
35
96
NA

9.5
5.1
8.4
NA

85
54

6.8
6.6

100

8.4

13

13.8

248

7.8

4

2.1

227
3
22

8.3
1.9
4.7

32
79
58
45
19
19

5.8
7.4
7.2
7.7
8.2
17.1

71
112
61
6

6.9
8.5
7.1
5.1

133

6.9

86

9.9

22

5.9

11
NA

8.4
NA

106

Appendix B — Focus on Select
Demographic Groups

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

107

Table B-1 2011 Distribution of Unbanked Households by Race and Demographic Characteristics
Race/Ethnicity
All Unbanked
Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

100.0

3,430

100.0

2,762

100.0

3,330

100.0

353

100.0

4,411
5,269
196

44.7
53.4
2.0

1,588
1,768
75

46.3
51.5
2.2

714
2,011
37

25.8
72.8
1.4

1,988
1,261
81

59.7
37.9
2.4

121
230
2

34.2
65.1
0.6

3,350
5,999
526

33.9
60.7
5.3

1,245
1,959
227

36.3
57.1
6.6

816
1,833
113

29.6
66.4
4.1

1,194
1,960
176

35.9
58.9
5.3

95
247
11

26.9
70.1
3.0

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,971

59.8
30.1
8.2
21.5
40.2

1,910
1,334
229
346
1,521

55.7
38.9
6.7
10.1
44.3

2,050
746
299
1,005
713

74.2
27.0
10.8
36.4
25.8

1,765
803
241
720
1,565

53.0
24.1
7.2
21.6
47.0

181
87
38
56
172

51.2
24.8
10.7
15.8
48.8

8,965
911

90.8
9.2

3,393
37

98.9
1.1

1,899
863

68.8
31.2

3,320
10

99.7
0.3

352
1

99.8
0.2

7,673
453
1,750

77.7
4.6
17.7

3,218
92
121

93.8
2.7
3.5

1,037
268
1,458

37.5
9.7
52.8

3,165
51
115

95.0
1.5
3.4

254
43
56

71.9
12.2
15.9

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

11.1
26.2
20.2
20.3
12.2
10.1

337
856
646
768
508
315

9.8
24.9
18.8
22.4
14.8
9.2

353
868
684
447
199
212

12.8
31.4
24.8
16.2
7.2
7.7

376
797
610
709
434
404

11.3
23.9
18.3
21.3
13.0
12.1

28
66
54
78
61
66

7.9
18.7
15.4
22.1
17.3
18.7

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

37.4
38.1
20.3
4.2

970
1,466
864
131

28.3
42.7
25.2
3.8

1,599
831
249
83

57.9
30.1
9.0
3.0

984
1,374
789
183

29.5
41.2
23.7
5.5

143
94
100
17

40.4
26.7
28.2
4.7

3,818
1,525
4,532

38.7
15.4
45.9

1,168
656
1,607

34.0
19.1
46.8

1,429
320
1,013

51.7
11.6
36.7

1,114
499
1,717

33.5
15.0
51.5

107
50
196

30.4
14.2
55.5

5,510
2,581
1,221
431
132

55.8
26.1
12.4
4.4
1.3

2,185
756
336
119
35

63.7
22.0
9.8
3.5
1.0

1,170
959
444
142
47

42.4
34.7
16.1
5.1
1.7

1,921
786
413
161
49

57.7
23.6
12.4
4.8
1.5

234
80
29
9
1

66.3
22.7
8.1
2.5
0.4

2,238
7,637

22.7
77.3

648
2,783

18.9
81.1

552
2,210

20.0
80.0

917
2,413

27.5
72.5

121
232

34.1
65.9

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

15.6
19.4
45.5
19.5

502
789
1,868
272

14.6
23.0
54.4
7.9

476
254
1,127
904

17.2
9.2
40.8
32.7

502
812
1,417
599

15.1
24.4
42.5
18.0

58
65
81
149

16.3
18.4
23.1
42.2

8,029
4,066
2,754
1,209
1,764
83

81.3
41.2
27.9
12.2
17.9
0.8

2,911
1,835
750
326
490
30

84.9
53.5
21.9
9.5
14.3
0.9

2,494
1,414
815
265
253
15

90.3
51.2
29.5
9.6
9.2
0.5

2,384
698
1,122
564
909
37

71.6
21.0
33.7
16.9
27.3
1.1

240
119
66
55
112
1

67.9
33.6
18.8
15.5
31.8
0.3

and

Pct of
Col

Other Non-Black
Non-Hispanic

9,875

Unbanked

Number
(1000s)

White Non-Black
Non-Hispanic

Pct of
Col

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

of

Black

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Previous Banking Status
Previously banked
Never-banked
Unknown
Likelihood of Opening a Bank Account
Very or somewhat likely
Not too likely or not likely at all
Unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household and other
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

2011 FDIC National Survey

Hispanic
Non-Black

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Pct of
Col

Pct of
Col

108

Table B-2 2011 Unbanked Households’ Use of AFS by Race
Race/Ethnicity
All Unbanked
Households
Number
(1000s)

AFS Use
Used Any AFS
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Total
Used Transaction AFS in the Last yearb
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Used Credit AFS in the Last yearc
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last Year
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last 30 Daysa
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total Households That Used AFS In the Last 30 Days
Number of Times Transaction AFS Used in
the Last 30 Daysb
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown
Total Households That Used Transaction AFS In the
Last 30 Days

Pct of
Col

Hispanic
Non-Black

Black
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

White Non-Black
Non-Hispanic

Other Non-Black
Non-Hispanic

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Pct of
Col

4,490
1,920
929
2,036
501
9,875

45.5
19.4
9.4
20.6
5.1
100.0

1,472
730
357
639
233
3,430

42.9
21.3
10.4
18.6
6.8
100.0

1,432
415
184
636
95
2,762

51.8
15.0
6.7
23.0
3.5
100.0

1,462
703
361
646
158
3,330

43.9
21.1
10.8
19.4
4.7
100.0

125
73
26
115
15
353

35.4
20.5
7.5
32.5
4.1
100.0

6,137
3,220
518
9,875

62.1
32.6
5.2
100.0

2,100
1,087
244
3,430

61.2
31.7
7.1
100.0

1,792
872
98
2,762

64.9
31.6
3.5
100.0

2,053
1,115
162
3,330

61.6
33.5
4.9
100.0

192
147
15
353

54.3
41.5
4.1
100.0

1,660
7,473
743
9,875

16.8
75.7
7.5
100.0

542
2,579
310
3,430

15.8
75.2
9.0
100.0

309
2,277
176
2,762

11.2
82.5
6.4
100.0

757
2,339
234
3,330

22.7
70.2
7.0
100.0

52
278
24
353

14.7
78.7
6.7
100.0

2,911
2,610
3,505
849
9,875

29.5
26.4
35.5
8.6
100.0

971
981
1,117
362
3,430

28.3
28.6
32.6
10.5
100.0

818
654
1,091
198
2,762

29.6
23.7
39.5
7.2
100.0

981
892
1,191
266
3,330

29.5
26.8
35.8
8.0
100.0

141
83
106
24
353

39.9
23.5
29.9
6.7
100.0

2,708
1,600
181
4,490

60.3
35.6
4.0
100.0

910
508
53
1,472

61.9
34.5
3.6
100.0

735
621
75
1,432

51.4
43.4
5.3
100.0

981
434
47
1,462

67.1
29.7
3.2
100.0

81
37
6
125

65.0
29.9
5.1
100.0

1,327
1,032
1,817
216
4,392

30.2
23.5
41.4
4.9
100.0

458
353
556
67
1,433

31.9
24.6
38.8
4.7
100.0

389
319
612
89
1,409

27.6
22.7
43.4
6.3
100.0

446
335
597
55
1,433

31.1
23.4
41.7
3.8
100.0

35
25
52
6
117

29.7
21.0
44.3
4.9
100.0

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
b
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
c
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

109

Table B-3 2011 Distribution of Underbanked Households by Race and Demographic Characteristics
Race/Ethnicity
All Underbanked
Households
Household Characteristic

Number
(1000s)

All Underbanked Households
Bank Account Type
Checking and savings accounts
Savings account only
Checking account only
Banked, but account type unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household and other
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

Pct of
Col

Hispanic
Non-Black

Black
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

White Non-Black
Non-Hispanic

Other Non-Black
Non-Hispanic

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Pct of
Col

24,199

100.0

5,441

100.0

3,927

100.0

13,551

100.0

1,281

100.0

15,113
1,298
7,548
240

62.5
5.4
31.2
1.0

3,199
410
1,756
76

58.8
7.5
32.3
1.4

2,174
220
1,502
31

55.4
5.6
38.2
0.8

8,820
607
3,995
128

65.1
4.5
29.5
0.9

921
60
295
5

71.9
4.7
23.0
0.4

16,931
4,598
1,662
10,671
7,268

70.0
19.0
6.9
44.1
30.0

3,691
1,628
379
1,684
1,750

67.8
29.9
7.0
30.9
32.2

3,183
797
368
2,018
744

81.1
20.3
9.4
51.4
18.9

9,109
2,021
810
6,278
4,442

67.2
14.9
6.0
46.3
32.8

948
151
105
692
333

74.0
11.8
8.2
54.0
26.0

23,496
704

97.1
2.9

5,409
32

99.4
0.6

3,280
647

83.5
16.5

13,531
20

99.9
0.1

1,276
5

99.6
0.4

20,038
1,880
2,282

82.8
7.8
9.4

4,644
478
318

85.4
8.8
5.9

1,839
728
1,360

46.8
18.5
34.6

12,965
326
260

95.7
2.4
1.9

589
348
344

46.0
27.2
26.8

1,955
4,993
4,918
5,336
4,064
2,933

8.1
20.6
20.3
22.1
16.8
12.1

447
1,110
1,225
1,143
854
662

8.2
20.4
22.5
21.0
15.7
12.2

342
958
1,029
803
549
246

8.7
24.4
26.2
20.5
14.0
6.3

1,055
2,611
2,371
3,133
2,474
1,906

7.8
19.3
17.5
23.1
18.3
14.1

111
314
293
257
188
119

8.7
24.5
22.8
20.0
14.7
9.3

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

14.5
31.6
31.7
22.2

675
1,692
1,882
1,192

12.4
31.1
34.6
21.9

1,338
1,125
925
539

34.1
28.6
23.6
13.7

1,364
4,531
4,528
3,128

10.1
33.4
33.4
23.1

128
290
342
521

10.0
22.7
26.7
40.7

15,515
1,899
6,786

64.1
7.8
28.0

3,433
547
1,461

63.1
10.1
26.8

2,655
324
948

67.6
8.2
24.1

8,526
931
4,094

62.9
6.9
30.2

901
97
283

70.3
7.6
22.1

4,225
5,628
5,787
4,143
4,418

17.5
23.3
23.9
17.1
18.3

1,246
1,404
1,259
746
785

22.9
25.8
23.1
13.7
14.4

581
1,023
1,181
692
450

14.8
26.1
30.1
17.6
11.5

2,218
2,995
3,014
2,511
2,813

16.4
22.1
22.2
18.5
20.8

180
206
333
193
369

14.0
16.1
26.0
15.1
28.8

12,590
11,610

52.0
48.0

2,311
3,129

42.5
57.5

1,831
2,096

46.6
53.4

7,866
5,685

58.0
42.0

582
699

45.4
54.6

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

16.1
19.7
43.1
21.0

948
853
3,105
535

17.4
15.7
57.1
9.8

494
311
1,703
1,419

12.6
7.9
43.4
36.1

2,242
3,439
5,284
2,585

16.5
25.4
39.0
19.1

223
169
338
551

17.4
13.2
26.4
43.1

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367
3,857
276

82.9
30.9
38.1
13.9
15.9
1.1

4,890
2,490
1,835
565
502
50

89.9
45.8
33.7
10.4
9.2
0.9

3,626
1,820
1,453
354
285
16

92.3
46.3
37.0
9.0
7.2
0.4

10,457
2,705
5,438
2,314
2,890
203

77.2
20.0
40.1
17.1
21.3
1.5

1,093
470
489
135
181
7

85.3
36.7
38.2
10.5
14.1
0.5

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

110

Table B-4 2011 Underbanked Households’ Use of AFS by Race
Race/Ethnicity
All Underbanked
Households
Number
(1000s)

AFS Use
Used Any AFS
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
Used Transaction AFS in the Last yearb
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Used Credit AFS in the Last yearc
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last Year
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last 30 Daysa
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total Households That Used AFS In the Last 30 Days
Number of Times Transaction AFS Used in
the Last 30 Daysb
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown
Total Households That Used Transaction AFS In the
Last 30 Days

Pct of
Col

Hispanic
Non-Black

Black
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

White Non-Black
Non-Hispanic

Other Non-Black
Non-Hispanic

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Pct of
Col

9,981
14,219
24,199

41.2
58.8
100.0

2,746
2,695
5,441

50.5
49.5
100.0

1,974
1,952
3,927

50.3
49.7
100.0

4,780
8,771
13,551

35.3
64.7
100.0

481
800
1,281

37.5
62.5
100.0

21,874
2,272
54
24,199

90.4
9.4
0.2
100.0

5,066
369
6
5,441

93.1
6.8
0.1
100.0

3,622
301
4
3,927

92.2
7.7
0.1
100.0

12,003
1,508
39
13,551

88.6
11.1
0.3
100.0

1,183
94
4
1,281

92.4
7.3
0.3
100.0

5,583
18,321
295

23.1
75.7
1.2

1,329
4,052
60

24.4
74.5
1.1

801
3,066
60

20.4
78.1
1.5

3,245
10,161
146

23.9
75.0
1.1

209
1,043
29

16.3
81.4
2.3

17,186
6,508
505
24,199

71.0
26.9
2.1
100.0

3,470
1,856
115
5,441

63.8
34.1
2.1
100.0

2,487
1,344
96
3,927

63.3
34.2
2.4
100.0

10,285
3,014
252
13,551

75.9
22.2
1.9
100.0

944
295
42
1,281

73.7
23.0
3.3
100.0

8,276
1,505
200
9,981

82.9
15.1
2.0
100.0

2,292
389
65
2,746

83.5
14.2
2.4
100.0

1,462
470
43
1,974

74.1
23.8
2.2
100.0

4,144
566
70
4,780

86.7
11.8
1.5
100.0

378
80
22
481

78.7
16.7
4.5
100.0

5,040
2,069
1,758
246
9,112

55.3
22.7
19.3
2.7
100.0

1,391
589
511
94
2,585

53.8
22.8
19.8
3.6
100.0

956
435
426
37
1,854

51.6
23.5
23.0
2.0
100.0

2,435
952
755
101
4,243

57.4
22.4
17.8
2.4
100.0

257
94
67
13
430

59.8
21.7
15.5
3.0
100.0

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
b
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
c
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

111

Table B-5 2011 Distribution of Unbanked Households by Income and Demographic Characteristics
Household Income
All Unbanked
Households
Household Characteristic
All Unbanked Households
Previous Banking Status
Previously banked
Never-banked
Unknown
Likelihood of Opening a Bank Account
Very or somewhat likely
Not too likely or not likely at all
Unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household and other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

Less than $15,000

Between $15,000
and $30,000

Between $30,000
and $50,000

Between $50,000
and $75,000

At Least $75,000

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,875

100.0

5,510

100.0

2,581

100.0

1,221

100.0

431

100.0

132

100.0

4,411
5,269
196

44.7
53.4
2.0

2,504
2,926
80

45.4
53.1
1.5

1,161
1,334
85

45.0
51.7
3.3

481
717
23

39.4
58.7
1.9

202
222
8

46.8
51.5
1.8

62
70
-

47.1
52.9
-

3,350
5,999
526

33.9
60.7
5.3

1,934
3,355
221

35.1
60.9
4.0

870
1,533
178

33.7
59.4
6.9

363
785
74

29.7
64.3
6.0

131
255
45

30.4
59.1
10.5

53
72
8

39.7
54.1
6.2

5,905
2,971
807
2,127
3,971

59.8
30.1
8.2
21.5
40.2

3,057
1,899
380
778
2,453

55.5
34.5
6.9
14.1
44.5

1,626
695
234
698
955

63.0
26.9
9.1
27.0
37.0

828
239
134
455
393

67.8
19.6
11.0
37.2
32.2

305
116
51
137
126

70.7
26.9
11.9
31.8
29.3

89
22
7
60
44

66.9
16.5
5.4
45.0
33.1

3,430
2,762
3,330
353

34.7
28.0
33.7
3.6

2,185
1,170
1,921
234

39.7
21.2
34.9
4.2

756
959
786
80

29.3
37.2
30.4
3.1

336
444
413
29

27.5
36.3
33.8
2.3

119
142
161
9

27.6
33.0
37.4
2.0

35
47
49
1

26.5
35.7
36.8
1.0

8,965
911

90.8
9.2

5,142
368

93.3
6.7

2,264
316

87.7
12.3

1,058
163

86.6
13.4

386
45

89.6
10.4

114
18

86.4
13.6

7,673
453
1,750

77.7
4.6
17.7

4,570
212
729

82.9
3.8
13.2

1,837
154
590

71.2
6.0
22.9

847
61
313

69.4
5.0
25.6

326
20
85

75.6
4.7
19.7

93
6
34

70.2
4.4
25.3

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

11.1
26.2
20.2
20.3
12.2
10.1

670
1,365
1,010
1,110
777
579

12.2
24.8
18.3
20.1
14.1
10.5

302
737
603
479
219
242

11.7
28.5
23.4
18.5
8.5
9.4

80
348
248
283
140
122

6.5
28.5
20.3
23.2
11.4
10.0

39
97
99
108
44
44

9.0
22.4
23.0
25.0
10.3
10.3

5
40
33
23
23
9

3.5
30.2
25.1
17.1
17.1
6.9

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

37.4
38.1
20.3
4.2

2,183
2,147
1,051
130

39.6
39.0
19.1
2.4

969
970
529
113

37.6
37.6
20.5
4.4

399
471
264
87

32.7
38.5
21.6
7.1

110
139
126
57

25.4
32.1
29.3
13.1

35
38
32
27

26.8
29.0
23.8
20.4

3,818
1,525
4,532

38.7
15.4
45.9

1,427
1,028
3,055

25.9
18.7
55.4

1,313
331
937

50.9
12.8
36.3

722
116
383

59.1
9.5
31.3

268
32
131

62.2
7.5
30.3

88
17
27

66.6
12.6
20.7

2,238
7,637

22.7
77.3

1,016
4,495

18.4
81.6

627
1,954

24.3
75.7

371
850

30.4
69.6

169
262

39.1
60.9

56
77

42.1
57.9

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

15.6
19.4
45.5
19.5

821
1,178
2,603
909

14.9
21.4
47.2
16.5

426
436
1,135
584

16.5
16.9
44.0
22.6

193
212
526
290

15.8
17.3
43.1
23.8

67
80
162
122

15.6
18.5
37.6
28.2

31
15
66
20

23.4
11.1
50.1
15.4

8,029
4,066
2,754
1,209
1,764
83

81.3
41.2
27.9
12.2
17.9
0.8

4,312
2,289
1,324
699
1,168
30

78.3
41.5
24.0
12.7
21.2
0.5

2,191
1,078
778
335
358
32

84.9
41.8
30.1
13.0
13.9
1.2

1,031
492
435
104
175
15

84.4
40.3
35.6
8.5
14.4
1.2

385
172
164
49
44
2

89.3
39.8
38.0
11.5
10.2
0.5

110
35
54
22
18
4

83.4
26.6
40.5
16.3
13.6
3.0

Notes:
- = For this table cell, there were too few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

112

Table B-6 2011 Unbanked Households’ Use of AFS by Income
Household Income
All Unbanked
Households
AFS Use
Used Any AFS
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Total
Used Transaction AFS in the Last yearb
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Used Credit AFS in the Last yearc
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used
in the Last Year
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used
in the Last 30 Daysa
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total Households That Used AFS In the Last 30
Days
Number of Times Transaction AFS
Used in the Last 30 Daysb
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown
Total Households That Used Transaction AFS In
the Last 30 Days

Less than $15,000

Between $15,000
and $30,000

Between $30,000
and $50,000

Between $50,000
and $75,000

At Least $75,000

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

4,490
1,920
929
2,036
501
9,875

45.5
19.4
9.4
20.6
5.1
100.0

2,340
1,208
543
1,193
226
5,510

42.5
21.9
9.9
21.7
4.1
100.0

1,260
450
241
455
174
2,581

48.8
17.5
9.3
17.6
6.8
100.0

611
174
98
277
61
1,221

50.1
14.2
8.0
22.7
5.0
100.0

224
70
40
72
24
431

52.1
16.3
9.3
16.7
5.6
100.0

54
18
6
39
15
132

40.8
13.7
4.9
29.2
11.4
100.0

6,137
3,220
518
9,875

62.1
32.6
5.2
100.0

3,372
1,908
230
5,510

61.2
34.6
4.2
100.0

1,656
746
179
2,581

64.2
28.9
7.0
100.0

755
401
65
1,221

61.8
32.9
5.3
100.0

286
117
29
431

66.3
27.0
6.7
100.0

68
49
15
132

51.6
37.0
11.4
100.0

1,660
7,473
743
9,875

16.8
75.7
7.5
100.0

917
4,236
357
5,510

16.6
76.9
6.5
100.0

462
1,888
230
2,581

17.9
73.2
8.9
100.0

185
944
93
1,221

15.1
77.3
7.6
100.0

73
310
48
431

16.9
71.9
11.2
100.0

23
94
15
132

17.3
71.3
11.4
100.0

2,911
2,610
3,505
849
9,875

29.5
26.4
35.5
8.6
100.0

1,707
1,607
1,783
414
5,510

31.0
29.2
32.4
7.5
100.0

684
628
1,014
256
2,581

26.5
24.3
39.3
9.9
100.0

371
241
503
107
1,221

30.4
19.7
41.2
8.7
100.0

105
108
161
58
431

24.3
24.9
37.2
13.5
100.0

45
27
46
15
132

34.1
20.2
34.4
11.4
100.0

2,708
1,600
181
4,490

60.3
35.6
4.0
100.0

1,544
700
96
2,340

66.0
29.9
4.1
100.0

717
518
26
1,260

56.9
41.1
2.0
100.0

308
266
37
611

50.5
43.6
6.0
100.1

101
100
23
224

45.0
44.7
10.2
100.0

38
16
54

70.9
29.1
100.0

1,327
1,032
1,817
216
4,392

30.2
23.5
41.4
4.9
100.0

836
528
793
115
2,272

36.8
23.2
34.9
5.1
100.0

316
330
559
40
1,245

25.4
26.5
44.9
3.2
100.0

125
116
336
26
603

20.7
19.2
55.7
4.3
100.0

37
52
109
23
221

16.8
23.7
49.1
10.4
100.0

13
7
19
12
50

25.1
13.2
38.7
23.0
100.0

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
b
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
c
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
- = For this table cell, there were too few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion was rounded to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

113

Table B-7 2011 Distribution of Underbanked Households by Income and Demographic Characteristics
Household Income
All Underbanked
Households
Household Characteristic
All Underbanked Households
Bank Account Type
Checking and savings accounts
Savings account only
Checking account only
Banked, but account type unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder, no husband present
Male householder, no wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household and other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Less than $15,000

Between $15,000
and $30,000

Between $30,000
and $50,000

Between $50,000
and $75,000

At Least $75,000

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

24,199

100.0

4,225

100.0

5,628

100.0

5,787

100.0

4,143

100.0

4,418

100.0

15,113
1,298
7,548
240

62.5
5.4
31.2
1.0

1,620
491
2,046
68

38.3
11.6
48.4
1.6

2,856
437
2,287
47

50.8
7.8
40.6
0.8

3,688
233
1,816
50

63.7
4.0
31.4
0.9

3,154
96
855
37

76.1
2.3
20.6
0.9

3,795
40
545
37

85.9
0.9
12.3
0.8

16,931
4,598
1,662
10,671
7,268

70.0
19.0
6.9
44.1
30.0

2,168
1,226
164
779
2,057

51.3
29.0
3.9
18.4
48.7

3,599
1,338
409
1,851
2,029

63.9
23.8
7.3
32.9
36.1

4,167
1,030
499
2,638
1,619

72.0
17.8
8.6
45.6
28.0

3,195
625
301
2,269
947

77.1
15.1
7.3
54.8
22.9

3,801
379
289
3,134
617

86.0
8.6
6.5
70.9
14.0

5,441
3,927
13,551
1,281

22.5
16.2
56.0
5.3

1,246
581
2,218
180

29.5
13.7
52.5
4.3

1,404
1,023
2,995
206

24.9
18.2
53.2
3.7

1,259
1,181
3,014
333

21.8
20.4
52.1
5.8

746
692
2,511
193

18.0
16.7
60.6
4.7

785
450
2,813
369

17.8
10.2
63.7
8.4

23,496
704

97.1
2.9

4,107
118

97.2
2.8

5,386
242

95.7
4.3

5,543
244

95.8
4.2

4,073
70

98.3
1.7

4,388
30

99.3
0.7

20,038
1,880
2,282

82.8
7.8
9.4

3,683
248
294

87.2
5.9
7.0

4,710
308
610

83.7
5.5
10.8

4,531
496
759

78.3
8.6
13.1

3,449
374
319

83.3
9.0
7.7

3,664
454
300

82.9
10.3
6.8

1,955
4,993
4,918
5,336
4,064
2,933

8.1
20.6
20.3
22.1
16.8
12.1

607
811
643
819
678
668

14.4
19.2
15.2
19.4
16.1
15.8

560
1,254
1,073
1,014
867
860

10.0
22.3
19.1
18.0
15.4
15.3

467
1,322
1,203
1,189
940
665

8.1
22.9
20.8
20.5
16.3
11.5

212
884
999
952
684
412

5.1
21.3
24.1
23.0
16.5
9.9

109
722
1,000
1,364
895
328

2.5
16.3
22.6
30.9
20.3
7.4

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

14.5
31.6
31.7
22.2

1,037
1,595
1,226
366

24.6
37.8
29.0
8.7

1,069
2,005
1,901
653

19.0
35.6
33.8
11.6

889
1,978
1,884
1,036

15.4
34.2
32.6
17.9

327
1,232
1,424
1,160

7.9
29.7
34.4
28.0

184
828
1,241
2,165

4.2
18.7
28.1
49.0

15,515
1,899
6,786

64.1
7.8
28.0

1,572
594
2,059

37.2
14.1
48.7

3,236
463
1,929

57.5
8.2
34.3

3,983
441
1,362

68.8
7.6
23.5

3,157
244
742

76.2
5.9
17.9

3,567
157
694

80.7
3.5
15.7

12,590
11,610

52.0
48.0

1,260
2,965

29.8
70.2

2,152
3,475

38.2
61.8

3,012
2,775

52.0
48.0

2,700
1,443

65.2
34.8

3,466
952

78.5
21.5

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

16.1
19.7
43.1
21.0

697
938
1,840
749

16.5
22.2
43.6
17.7

736
1,222
2,529
1,141

13.1
21.7
44.9
20.3

848
1,121
2,521
1,297

14.7
19.4
43.6
22.4

655
699
1,864
924

15.8
16.9
45.0
22.3

972
792
1,675
979

22.0
17.9
37.9
22.1

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367
3,857
276

82.9
30.9
38.1
13.9
15.9
1.1

3,298
1,505
1,070
723
883
44

78.1
35.6
25.3
17.1
20.9
1.0

4,562
1,799
1,983
781
986
80

81.1
32.0
35.2
13.9
17.5
1.4

4,793
1,916
2,060
818
936
58

82.8
33.1
35.6
14.1
16.2
1.0

3,526
1,075
1,959
491
580
37

85.1
26.0
47.3
11.9
14.0
0.9

3,887

88.0

2,143
555
472
59

48.5
12.6
10.7
1.3

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

114

Table B-8 2011 Underbanked Households’ Use of AFS by Income
Household Income
All Underbanked
Households
AFS Use
Used Any AFS
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
Used Transaction AFS in the Last yearb
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Used Credit AFS in the Last yearc
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used
in the Last Year
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used
in the Last 30 Daysa
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total Households That Used AFS In the Last 30
Days
Number of Times Transaction AFS
Used in the Last 30 Daysb
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown
Total Households That Used Transaction AFS In
the Last 30 Days

Less than $15,000

Between $15,000
and $30,000

Between $30,000
and $50,000

Between $50,000
and $75,000

At Least $75,000

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,981
14,219
24,199

41.2
58.8
100.0

2,036
2,188
4,225

48.2
51.8
100.0

2,533
3,095
5,628

45.0
55.0
100.0

2,537
3,250
5,787

43.8
56.2
100.0

1,547
2,596
4,143

37.3
62.7
100.0

1,328
3,090
4,418

30.1
69.9
100.0

21,874
2,272
54
24,199

90.4
9.4
0.2
100.0

3,701
503
21
4,225

87.6
11.9
0.5
100.0

5,025
589
14
5,628

89.3
10.5
0.2
100.0

5,223
553
11
5,787

90.3
9.6
0.2
100.0

3,778
362
2
4,143

91.2
8.7
0.1
100.0

4,147
264
6
4,418

93.9
6.0
0.1
100.0

5,583
18,321
295
24,199

23.1
75.7
1.2
100.0

1,240
2,938
46
4,225

29.4
69.5
1.1
100.0

1,548
4,007
72
5,628

27.5
71.2
1.3
100.0

1,405
4,302
80
5,787

24.3
74.3
1.4
100.0

890
3,210
43
4,143

21.5
77.5
1.0
100.0

500
3,864
54
4,418

11.3
87.5
1.2
100.0

17,186
6,508
505
24,199

71.0
26.9
2.1
100.0

2,832
1,304
88
4,225

67.0
30.9
2.1
100.0

3,743
1,751
134
5,628

66.5
31.1
2.4
100.0

3,946
1,708
133
5,787

68.2
29.5
2.3
100.0

3,070
1,007
65
4,143

74.1
24.3
1.6
100.0

3,594
738
86
4,418

81.4
16.7
1.9
100.0

8,276
1,505
200
9,981

82.9
15.1
2.0
100.0

1,707
296
34
2,036

83.8
14.5
1.6
100.0

2,030
439
63
2,533

80.2
17.3
2.5
100.0

2,070
412
54
2,537

81.6
16.3
2.1
100.0

1,313
214
20
1,547

84.9
13.8
1.3
100.0

1,155
144
29
1,328

87.0
10.9
2.2
100.0

5,040
2,069
1,758
246
9,112

55.3
22.7
19.3
2.7
100.0

1,091
353
349
47
1,839

59.3
19.2
19.0
2.5
100.0

1,196
548
511
69
2,324

51.5
23.6
22.0
3.0
100.1

1,215
550
462
50
2,277

53.4
24.2
20.3
2.2
100.0

806
317
251
41
1,416

57.0
22.4
17.7
2.9
100.0

732
301
185
39
1,258

58.2
23.9
14.7
3.1
100.0

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
b
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
c
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

115

Table B-9 2011 Distribution of Unbanked Households by Household Type and Demographic Characteristics
Household Type
All Unbanked
Households
Household Characteristic

Nonfamily Household
and Other

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

9,875

100.0

2,127

100.0

2,971

100.0

807

100.0

3,971

100.0

4,411
5,269
196

44.7
53.4
2.0

819
1,269
39

38.5
59.7
1.8

1,275
1,658
37

42.9
55.8
1.2

298
471
38

36.9
58.4
4.7

2,018
1,871
82

50.8
47.1
2.1

3,350
5,999
526

33.9
60.7
5.3

683
1,351
93

32.1
63.5
4.4

1,213
1,626
132

40.8
54.7
4.4

306
458
43

37.9
56.7
5.3

1,149
2,564
258

28.9
64.6
6.5

3,430
2,762
3,330
353

34.7
28.0
33.7
3.6

346
1,005
720
56

16.3
47.2
33.9
2.6

1,334
746
803
87

44.9
25.1
27.0
2.9

229
299
241
38

28.4
37.0
29.9
4.7

1,521
713
1,565
172

38.3
17.9
39.4
4.3

8,965
911

90.8
9.2

1,728
399

81.2
18.8

2,782
189

93.7
6.3

720
87

89.2
10.8

3,735
236

94.1
5.9

7,673
453
1,750

77.7
4.6
17.7

1,205
161
761

56.6
7.6
35.8

2,502
102
367

84.2
3.4
12.4

603
20
184

74.7
2.5
22.8

3,364
170
437

84.7
4.3
11.0

1,094
2,587
1,994
2,002
1,202
997

11.1
26.2
20.2
20.3
12.2
10.1

139
616
575
417
207
173

6.5
28.9
27.0
19.6
9.7
8.1

444
1,042
666
553
143
123

15.0
35.1
22.4
18.6
4.8
4.1

139
232
214
131
63
28

17.2
28.7
26.5
16.2
7.7
3.5

371
697
539
902
789
673

9.4
17.5
13.6
22.7
19.9
16.9

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

37.4
38.1
20.3
4.2

993
758
303
73

46.7
35.6
14.3
3.4

1,046
1,123
736
66

35.2
37.8
24.8
2.2

332
322
118
35

41.1
39.9
14.7
4.3

1,325
1,562
844
239

33.4
39.3
21.3
6.0

3,818
1,525
4,532

38.7
15.4
45.9

935
271
922

43.9
12.7
43.3

1,080
558
1,333

36.4
18.8
44.9

398
185
224

49.4
22.9
27.8

1,405
512
2,053

35.4
12.9
51.7

5,510
2,581
1,221
431
132

55.8
26.1
12.4
4.4
1.3

778
698
455
137
60

36.6
32.8
21.4
6.4
2.8

1,899
695
239
116
22

63.9
23.4
8.1
3.9
0.7

380
234
134
51
7

47.1
29.0
16.6
6.4
0.9

2,453
955
393
126
44

61.8
24.0
9.9
3.2
1.1

2,238
7,637

22.7
77.3

645
1,482

30.3
69.7

497
2,474

16.7
83.3

240
567

29.7
70.3

857
3,114

21.6
78.4

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

15.6
19.4
45.5
19.5

288
296
1,016
528

13.5
13.9
47.8
24.8

460
573
1,421
518

15.5
19.3
47.8
17.4

99
170
345
194

12.2
21.0
42.8
24.0

692
883
1,711
685

17.4
22.2
43.1
17.3

8,029
4,066
2,754
1,209
1,764
83

81.3
41.2
27.9
12.2
17.9
0.8

1,726
803
676
246
383
19

81.1
37.8
31.8
11.6
18.0
0.9

2,346
1,250
774
321
594
31

79.0
42.1
26.1
10.8
20.0
1.1

676
340
248
88
127
5

83.8
42.1
30.7
10.9
15.7
0.6

3,282
1,673
1,055
554
661
28

82.6
42.1
26.6
14.0
16.7
0.7

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

of

Male Householder,
No Wife Present

Number
(1000s)

All Unbanked Households
Previous Banking Status
Previously banked
Never-banked
Unknown
Likelihood of Opening a Bank Account
Very or somewhat likely
Not too likely or not likely at all
Unknown
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

2011 FDIC National Survey

Married Couple

Female Householder,
No Husband Present

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

116

Table B-10 2011 Unbanked Households’ Use of AFS by Household Type
Household Type
All Unbanked
Households
AFS Use

Married Couple

Female Householder,
No Husband Present

Male Householder,
No Wife Present

Nonfamily Household
and Other

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

4,490
1,920
929
2,036
501
9,875

45.5
19.4
9.4
20.6
5.1
100.0

1,138
363
169
369
89
2,127

53.5
17.0
7.9
17.4
4.2
100.0

1,480
641
285
476
90
2,971

49.8
21.6
9.6
16.0
3.0
100.0

395
186
55
127
44
807

48.9
23.0
6.8
15.7
5.5
100.0

1,477
732
420
1,064
278
3,971

37.2
18.4
10.6
26.8
7.0
100.0

6,137
3,220
518
9,875

62.1
32.6
5.2
100.0

1,449
575
103
2,127

68.1
27.1
4.8
100.0

1,995
878
98
2,971

67.2
29.5
3.3
100.0

570
193
44
807

70.6
23.9
5.5
100.0

2,124
1,574
273
3,971

53.5
39.6
6.9
100.0

1,660
7,473
743
9,875

16.8
75.7
7.5
100.0

384
1,578
164
2,127

18.1
74.2
7.7
100.0

615
2,203
153
2,971

20.7
74.2
5.1
100.0

177
566
64
807

22.0
70.1
7.9
100.0

484
3,126
362
3,971

12.2
78.7
9.1
100.0

2,911
2,610
3,505
849
9,875

29.5
26.4
35.5
8.6
100.0

522
494
931
180
2,127

24.5
23.2
43.8
8.5
100.0

749
942
1,091
189
2,971

25.2
31.7
36.7
6.4
100.0

182
174
367
84
807

22.6
21.5
45.4
10.5
100.0

1,458
1,000
1,117
395
3,971

36.7
25.2
28.1
10.0
100.0

2,708
1,600
181
4,490

60.3
35.6
4.0
100.0

581
500
57
1,138

51.1
43.9
5.0
100.0

948
476
56
1,480

64.1
32.1
3.8
100.0

192
180
22
395

48.7
45.6
5.7
100.0

986
445
46
1,477

66.8
30.1
3.1
100.0

1,327
1,032
1,817
216
4,392

30.2
23.5
41.4
4.9
100.0

289
221
552
57
1,119

25.8
19.7
49.4
5.1
100.0

445
411
531
61
1,448

30.7
28.4
36.7
4.2
100.0

65
91
209
24
389

16.7
23.3
53.8
6.2
100.0

529
310
524
74
1,436

36.8
21.6
36.5
5.1
100.0

Used Any AFS
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Total
Used Transaction AFS in the Last yearb
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Used Credit AFS in the Last yearc
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last Year
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last 30 Daysa
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total Households That Used AFS In the Last 30 Days
Number of Times Transaction AFS Used in
the Last 30 Daysb
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown
Total Households That Used Transaction AFS In the
Last 30 Days

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
b
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
c
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

117

Table B-11 2011 Distribution of Underbanked Households by Household Type and Demographic Characteristics
Household Type
All Underbanked
Households
Household Characteristic

Nonfamily Household
and Other

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

24,199

100.0

10,671

100.0

4,598

100.0

1,662

100.0

7,268

100.0

15,113
1,298
7,548
240

62.5
5.4
31.2
1.0

7,461
353
2,771
87

69.9
3.3
26.0
0.8

2,490
292
1,752
64

54.2
6.4
38.1
1.4

985
127
537
13

59.3
7.6
32.3
0.8

4,178
526
2,488
76

57.5
7.2
34.2
1.1

5,441
3,927
13,551
1,281

22.5
16.2
56.0
5.3

1,684
2,018
6,278
692

15.8
18.9
58.8
6.5

1,628
797
2,021
151

35.4
17.3
44.0
3.3

379
368
810
105

22.8
22.1
48.7
6.3

1,750
744
4,442
333

24.1
10.2
61.1
4.6

23,496
704

97.1
2.9

10,259
413

96.1
3.9

4,479
119

97.4
2.6

1,605
57

96.6
3.4

7,154
115

98.4
1.6

20,038
1,880
2,282

82.8
7.8
9.4

8,281
1,133
1,257

77.6
10.6
11.8

3,932
315
351

85.5
6.8
7.6

1,369
83
210

82.4
5.0
12.6

6,456
348
464

88.8
4.8
6.4

1,955
4,993
4,918
5,336
4,064
2,933

8.1
20.6
20.3
22.1
16.8
12.1

338
2,050
2,501
2,609
1,963
1,209

3.2
19.2
23.4
24.5
18.4
11.3

449
1,091
1,133
959
497
469

9.8
23.7
24.6
20.8
10.8
10.2

259
446
335
325
195
102

15.6
26.8
20.2
19.6
11.7
6.1

908
1,407
948
1,443
1,409
1,153

12.5
19.4
13.0
19.9
19.4
15.9

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

14.5
31.6
31.7
22.2

1,575
3,380
3,069
2,648

14.8
31.7
28.8
24.8

742
1,449
1,738
669

16.1
31.5
37.8
14.5

320
594
501
246

19.3
35.8
30.2
14.8

868
2,215
2,368
1,817

11.9
30.5
32.6
25.0

15,515
1,899
6,786

64.1
7.8
28.0

6,981
731
2,959

65.4
6.9
27.7

2,815
449
1,334

61.2
9.8
29.0

1,130
193
339

68.0
11.6
20.4

4,589
526
2,154

63.1
7.2
29.6

4,225
5,628
5,787
4,143
4,418

17.5
23.3
23.9
17.1
18.3

779
1,851
2,638
2,269
3,134

7.3
17.3
24.7
21.3
29.4

1,226
1,338
1,030
625
379

26.7
29.1
22.4
13.6
8.2

164
409
499
301
289

9.9
24.6
30.0
18.1
17.4

2,057
2,029
1,619
947
617

28.3
27.9
22.3
13.0
8.5

12,590
11,610

52.0
48.0

7,314
3,358

68.5
31.5

1,882
2,716

40.9
59.1

706
956

42.5
57.5

2,689
4,580

37.0
63.0

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

16.1
19.7
43.1
21.0

1,675
2,041
4,658
2,298

15.7
19.1
43.6
21.5

774
865
2,061
898

16.8
18.8
44.8
19.5

287
318
654
404

17.3
19.1
39.3
24.3

1,173
1,549
3,056
1,491

16.1
21.3
42.0
20.5

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367
3,857
276

82.9
30.9
38.1
13.9
15.9
1.1

8,699
2,696
4,600
1,402
1,820
153

81.5
25.3
43.1
13.1
17.1
1.4

3,878
1,586
1,606
686
682
38

84.3
34.5
34.9
14.9
14.8
0.8

1,411
596
564
251
240
10

84.9
35.9
34.0
15.1
14.5
0.6

6,078
2,607
2,443
1,028
1,115
75

83.6
35.9
33.6
14.1
15.3
1.0

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

of

Male Householder,
No Wife Present

Number
(1000s)

All Underbanked Households
Bank Account Type
Checking and savings accounts
Savings account only
Checking account only
Banked, but account type unknown
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
White non-Black non-Hispanic
Other non-Black non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only Language Spoken
Spanish is not only language spoken
Spanish is only language spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Age Group
15 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years or more
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $30,000
Between $30,000 and $50,000
Between $50,000 and $75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

2011 FDIC National Survey

Married Couple

Female Householder,
No Husband Present

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

118

Table B-12 2011 Underbanked Households’ Use of AFS by Household Type
Household Type
All Underbanked
Households
AFS Use

Married Couple

Female Householder,
No Husband Present

Male Householder,
No Wife Present

Nonfamily Household
and Other

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Col

9,981
14,219
24,199

41.2
58.8
100.0

4,093
6,579
10,671

38.4
61.6
100.0

2,163
2,435
4,598

47.1
52.9
100.0

772
890
1,662

46.5
53.5
100.0

2,952
4,316
7,268

40.6
59.4
100.0

21,874
2,272
54
24,199

90.4
9.4
0.2
100.0

9,632
1,017
23
10,671

90.3
9.5
0.2
100.0

4,067
514
18
4,598

88.4
11.2
0.4
100.0

1,499
159
4
1,662

90.2
9.5
0.2
100.0

6,676
583
10
7,268

91.8
8.0
0.1
100.0

5,583
18,321
295
24,199

23.1
75.7
1.2
100.0

2,191
8,364
116
10,671

20.5
78.4
1.1
100.0

1,418
3,091
89
4,598

30.8
67.2
1.9
100.0

497
1,145
19
1,662

29.9
68.9
1.2
100.0

1,477
5,721
70
7,268

20.3
78.7
1.0
100.0

17,186
6,508
505
24,199

71.0
26.9
2.1
100.0

7,867
2,599
205
10,671

73.7
24.4
1.9
100.0

2,853
1,592
154
4,598

62.0
34.6
3.3
100.0

1,052
574
36
1,662

63.3
34.5
2.2
100.0

5,414
1,744
110
7,268

74.5
24.0
1.5
100.0

8,276
1,505
200
9,981

82.9
15.1
2.0
100.0

3,367
639
87
4,093

82.3
15.6
2.1
100.0

1,755
353
55
2,163

81.1
16.3
2.5
100.0

610
150
13
772

79.0
19.4
1.7
100.0

2,544
363
45
2,952

86.2
12.3
1.5
100.0

5,040
2,069
1,758
246
9,112

55.3
22.7
19.3
2.7
100.0

2,003
858
756
102
3,720

53.9
23.1
20.3
2.7
100.0

1,107
409
401
59
1,975

56.1
20.7
20.3
3.0
100.0

338
186
162
17
703

48.1
26.5
23.1
2.4
100.0

1,592
616
439
68
2,715

58.6
22.7
16.2
2.5
100.0

Used Any AFS
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
Used Transaction AFS in the Last yearb
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Used Credit AFS in the Last yearc
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last Year
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific AFS Products Used in
the Last 30 Daysa
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total Households That Used AFS In the Last 30 Days
Number of Times Transaction AFS Used in
the Last 30 Daysb
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown
Total Households That Used Transaction AFS In the
Last 30 Days

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
b
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
c
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

119

Table B-13 2011 Distribution of Unbanked Households by Age and Demographic Characteristics
All Unbanked
Households
Number
Household Characteristic (1000s)
All Unbanked Households
Previous Banking
Status
Previously banked
Never-banked
Unknown
Likelihood of Opening a Bank Account
Very or somewhat likely
Not too likely or not likely
at all
Unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder,
no husband present
Male householder, no
wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household and
other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
White non-Black
non-Hispanic
Other non-Black
non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only
Language Spoken
Spanish is not only
language spoken
Spanish is only language
spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and
$30,000
Between $30,000 and
$50,000
Between $50,000 and
$75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city

Age Group
15 to 24 Years

25 to 34 Years

35 to 44 Years

45 to 54 Years

55 to 64 Years

65 Years or More

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,875

100.0

1,094

100.0

2,587

100.0

1,994

100.0

2,002

100.0

1,202

100.0

997

100.0

4,411
5,269
196

44.7
53.4
2.0

473
609
12

43.2
55.7
1.1

1,185
1,377
25

45.8
53.2
1.0

832
1,129
33

41.7
56.6
1.6

866
1,072
64

43.2
53.5
3.2

584
581
37

48.6
48.4
3.1

471
501
25

47.2
50.2
2.5

3,350
5,999

33.9
60.7

560
479

51.2
43.8

1,066
1,419

41.2
54.9

803
1,094

40.3
54.8

581
1,307

29.0
65.3

231
868

19.2
72.2

110
833

11.0
83.6

526

5.3

55

5.0

102

3.9

98

4.9

114

5.7

103

8.6

54

5.5

5,905
2,971

59.8
30.1

723
444

66.1
40.6

1,890
1,042

73.1
40.3

1,455
666

73.0
33.4

1,100
553

55.0
27.6

412
143

34.3
11.9

324
123

32.5
12.4

807

8.2

139

12.7

232

9.0

214

10.7

131

6.5

63

5.2

28

2.8

2,127
3,971

21.5
40.2

139
371

12.7
33.9

616
697

23.8
26.9

575
539

28.8
27.0

417
902

20.8
45.0

207
789

17.2
65.7

173
673

17.3
67.5

3,430
2,762
3,330

34.7
28.0
33.7

337
353
376

30.8
32.2
34.4

856
868
797

33.1
33.5
30.8

646
684
610

32.4
34.3
30.6

768
447
709

38.4
22.3
35.4

508
199
434

42.3
16.5
36.1

315
212
404

31.6
21.3
40.5

353

3.6

28

2.5

66

2.6

54

2.7

78

3.9

61

5.1

66

6.6

8,965

90.8

1,024

93.6

2,289

88.5

1,730

86.8

1,877

93.7

1,140

94.9

905

90.8

911

9.2

70

6.4

298

11.5

264

13.2

125

6.3

61

5.1

92

9.2

7,673
453
1,750

77.7
4.6
17.7

908
28
159

82.9
2.5
14.5

1,904
72
610

73.6
2.8
23.6

1,378
83
533

69.1
4.2
26.7

1,668
89
245

83.3
4.5
12.2

1,049
59
93

87.3
4.9
7.8

766
121
110

76.8
12.2
11.0

3,696
3,764
2,002
413

37.4
38.1
20.3
4.2

388
472
221
13

35.5
43.1
20.2
1.2

824
1,084
624
55

31.9
41.9
24.1
2.1

733
770
395
95

36.8
38.6
19.8
4.8

757
757
380
109

37.8
37.8
19.0
5.4

475
437
233
57

39.5
36.4
19.4
4.7

518
244
150
84

52.0
24.5
15.1
8.5

3,818
1,525
4,532

38.7
15.4
45.9

473
225
396

43.2
20.6
36.2

1,205
510
872

46.6
19.7
33.7

938
351
705

47.0
17.6
35.4

730
313
959

36.5
15.7
47.9

363
116
723

30.2
9.7
60.1

111
9
877

11.1
0.9
88.0

5,510
2,581

55.8
26.1

670
302

61.2
27.6

1,365
737

52.8
28.5

1,010
603

50.6
30.3

1,110
479

55.4
23.9

777
219

64.6
18.2

579
242

58.1
24.3

1,221

12.4

80

7.3

348

13.5

248

12.5

283

14.1

140

11.6

122

12.3

431

4.4

39

3.5

97

3.7

99

5.0

108

5.4

44

3.7

44

4.5

132

1.3

5

0.4

40

1.5

33

1.7

23

1.1

23

1.9

9

0.9

2,238
7,637

22.7
77.3

112
982

10.3
89.7

363
2,224

14.0
86.0

410
1,584

20.6
79.4

533
1,469

26.6
73.4

381
821

31.7
68.3

439
558

44.1
55.9

1,537
1,920
4,493
1,925

15.6
19.4
45.5
19.5

119
298
455
222

10.9
27.2
41.6
20.3

331
445
1,248
563

12.8
17.2
48.3
21.8

316
371
898
410

15.8
18.6
45.0
20.5

319
407
936
340

15.9
20.3
46.8
17.0

225
245
505
227

18.8
20.4
42.0
18.9

227
156
450
164

22.8
15.6
45.2
16.4

8,029
4,066

81.3
41.2

882
416

80.6
38.0

2,082
1,058

80.5
40.9

1,670
865

83.8
43.4

1,669
830

83.4
41.5

953
523

79.3
43.5

773
374

77.5
37.5

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

120

Table B-13 2011 Distribution of Unbanked Households by Age and Demographic Characteristics (continued)
All Unbanked
Households
Number
Household Characteristic (1000s)
Not inside principal city
Not identified
Not in Metropolitan Area
Not Identified

25 to 34 Years

35 to 44 Years

45 to 54 Years

55 to 64 Years

65 Years or More

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

27.9
12.2
17.9
0.8

298
168
207
5

27.2
15.4
18.9
0.5

702
322
475
30

27.1
12.4
18.4
1.2

614
191
305
19

30.8
9.6
15.3
1.0

561
278
327
6

28.0
13.9
16.3
0.3

285
145
235
14

23.7
12.1
19.5
1.2

294
105
215
9

29.5
10.5
21.6
0.9

2,754
1,209
1,764
83

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

Age Group
15 to 24 Years

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

121

Table B-14 2011 Unbanked Households’ Use of AFS by Age
All Unbanked
Households
AFS Use
Used Any AFS
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Not in the last 12 months
Never used
Unknown
Total
Used Transaction
AFS in the Last
year b
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Used Credit AFS in
the Last yearc
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific
AFS Products Used
in the Last Year
Used 0 AFS
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific
AFS Products Used
in the Last 30 Daysb
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total Households That
Used AFS In the Last
30 Days
Number of Times
Transaction AFS
Used in the Last 30
Daysa
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown
Total Households That
Used Transaction AFS
In the Last 30 Days

Age Group
15 to 24 Years

25 to 34 Years

35 to 44 Years

45 to 54 Years

55 to 64 Years

65 Years or More

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

4,490
1,920
929
2,036
501
9,875

45.5
19.4
9.4
20.6
5.1
100.0

492
244
110
211
37
1,094

44.9
22.3
10.1
19.3
3.4
100.0

1,339
552
205
388
102
2,587

51.8
21.3
7.9
15.0
3.9
100.0

1,043
411
149
317
74
1,994

52.3
20.6
7.5
15.9
3.7
100.0

871
395
200
419
117
2,002

43.5
19.7
10.0
20.9
5.8
100.0

488
215
146
257
95
1,202

40.6
17.9
12.2
21.4
7.9
100.0

256
104
118
444
75
997

25.7
10.4
11.8
44.5
7.6
100.0

6,137
3,220
518
9,875

62.1
32.6
5.2
100.0

716
341
38
1,094

65.4
31.1
3.5
100.0

1,787
698
102
2,587

69.1
27.0
3.9
100.0

1,390
526
78
1,994

69.7
26.4
3.9
100.0

1,213
660
129
2,002

60.6
33.0
6.4
100.0

686
420
96
1,202

57.1
34.9
8.0
100.0

345
575
76
997

34.6
57.7
7.7
100.0

1,660
7,473
743
9,875

16.8
75.7
7.5
100.0

166
860
69
1,094

15.1
78.6
6.3
100.0

566
1,864
158
2,587

21.9
72.0
6.1
100.0

424
1,449
121
1,994

21.3
72.7
6.0
100.0

329
1,507
166
2,002

16.5
75.3
8.3
100.0

118
952
132
1,202

9.8
79.3
11.0
100.0

57
840
99
997

5.8
84.3
9.9
100.0

2,911
2,610
3,505
849
9,875

29.5
26.4
35.5
8.6
100.0

317
267
438
72
1,094

29.0
24.4
40.1
6.6
100.0

594
720
1,101
172
2,587

23.0
27.8
42.6
6.7
100.0

456
610
790
137
1,994

22.9
30.6
39.6
6.9
100.0

607
523
660
212
2,002

30.3
26.1
32.9
10.6
100.0

390
313
360
138
1,202

32.5
26.0
30.0
11.5
100.0

547
177
156
117
997

54.9
17.7
15.6
11.8
100.0

2,708
1,600
181
4,490

60.3
35.6
4.0
100.0

286
182
23
492

58.2
37.1
4.7
100.0

789
517
33
1,339

58.9
38.6
2.5
100.0

638
362
43
1,043

61.2
34.7
4.1
100.0

563
263
46
871

64.6
30.1
5.3
100.0

283
192
13
488

57.9
39.4
2.7
100.0

150
84
23
256

58.4
32.7
8.9
100.0

1,327
1,032
1,817
216
4,392

30.2
23.5
41.4
4.9
100.0

132
135
201
24
491

26.9
27.4
40.8
4.8
100.0

380
270
603
51
1,304

29.1
20.7
46.3
3.9
100.0

282
246
452
45
1,024

27.5
24.0
44.1
4.4
100.0

289
199
321
37
845

34.2
23.5
38.0
4.3
100.0

156
116
176
29
477

32.7
24.4
36.8
6.1
100.0

89
67
65
31
251

35.4
26.5
25.8
12.3
100.0

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
b
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
c
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

122

Table B-15 2011 Distribution of Underbanked Households by Age and Demographic Characteristics
All Underbanked
Households
Number
Household Characteristic (1000s)
All Underbanked
Households
Bank Account Type
Checking and savings
accounts
Savings account only
Checking account only
Banked, but account type
unknown
Household Type
Family household
Female householder,
no husband present
Male householder, no
wife present
Married couple
Nonfamily household and
other
Race/Ethnicity
Black
Hispanic non-Black
White non-Black
non-Hispanic
Other non-Black
non-Hispanic
Spanish Is Only
Language Spoken
Spanish is not only
language spoken
Spanish is only language
spoken
Nativity
U.S.-born
Foreign-born citizen
Foreign-born non-citizen
Education
No high school degree
High school degree
Some college
College degree
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Household Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and
$30,000
Between $30,000 and
$50,000
Between $50,000 and
$75,000
At Least $75,000
Homeownership
Homeowner
Non-homeowner
Geographic Region
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Metropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Inside principal city
Not inside principal city
Not identified

Age Group
15 to 24 Years

25 to 34 Years

35 to 44 Years

45 to 54 Years

55 to 64 Years

65 Years or More

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

24,199

100.0

1,955

100.0

4,993

100.0

4,918

100.0

5,336

100.0

4,064

100.0

2,933

100.0

15,113

62.5

1,230

62.9

3,207

64.2

2,974

60.5

3,484

65.3

2,495

61.4

1,724

58.8

1,298
7,548
240

5.4
31.2
1.0

87
614
25

4.4
31.4
1.3

212
1,541
33

4.2
30.9
0.7

241
1,661
41

4.9
33.8
0.8

278
1,522
52

5.2
28.5
1.0

259
1,283
28

6.4
31.6
0.7

222
926
61

7.6
31.6
2.1

16,931
4,598

70.0
19.0

1,047
449

53.5
23.0

3,586
1,091

71.8
21.8

3,970
1,133

80.7
23.0

3,893
959

73.0
18.0

2,655
497

65.3
12.2

1,780
469

60.7
16.0

1,662

6.9

259

13.3

446

8.9

335

6.8

325

6.1

195

4.8

102

3.5

10,671
7,268

44.1
30.0

338
908

17.3
46.5

2,050
1,407

41.1
28.2

2,501
948

50.9
19.3

2,609
1,443

48.9
27.0

1,963
1,409

48.3
34.7

1,209
1,153

41.2
39.3

5,441
3,927
13,551

22.5
16.2
56.0

447
342
1,055

22.9
17.5
54.0

1,110
958
2,611

22.2
19.2
52.3

1,225
1,029
2,371

24.9
20.9
48.2

1,143
803
3,133

21.4
15.1
58.7

854
549
2,474

21.0
13.5
60.9

662
246
1,906

22.6
8.4
65.0

1,281

5.3

111

5.7

314

6.3

293

6.0

257

4.8

188

4.6

119

4.1

23,496

97.1

1,938

99.1

4,812

96.4

4,727

96.1

5,190

97.3

3,955

97.3

2,874

98.0

704

2.9

17

0.9

181

3.6

191

3.9

146

2.7

109

2.7

59

2.0

20,038
1,880
2,282

82.8
7.8
9.4

1,763
21
172

90.1
1.1
8.8

4,071
242
680

81.5
4.8
13.6

3,729
457
732

75.8
9.3
14.9

4,387
527
423

82.2
9.9
7.9

3,527
350
187

86.8
8.6
4.6

2,561
282
89

87.3
9.6
3.0

3,505
7,638
7,676
5,380

14.5
31.6
31.7
22.2

247
646
829
234

12.6
33.0
42.4
12.0

559
1,409
1,800
1,225

11.2
28.2
36.1
24.5

594
1,569
1,604
1,151

12.1
31.9
32.6
23.4

757
1,705
1,667
1,208

14.2
31.9
31.2
22.6

548
1,282
1,218
1,016

13.5
31.5
30.0
25.0

802
1,027
558
546

27.3
35.0
19.0
18.6

15,515
1,899
6,786

64.1
7.8
28.0

1,325
233
397

67.8
11.9
20.3

3,668
544
781

73.5
10.9
15.6

3,771
404
743

76.7
8.2
15.1

3,889
367
1,080

72.9
6.9
20.2

2,298
285
1,482

56.5
7.0
36.5

564
66
2,303

19.2
2.2
78.5

4,225
5,628

17.5
23.3

607
560

31.0
28.7

811
1,254

16.2
25.1

643
1,073

13.1
21.8

819
1,014

15.3
19.0

678
867

16.7
21.3

668
860

22.8
29.3

5,787

23.9

467

23.9

1,322

26.5

1,203

24.5

1,189

22.3

940

23.1

665

22.7

4,143

17.1

212

10.8

884

17.7

999

20.3

952

17.8

684

16.8

412

14.1

4,418

18.3

109

5.6

722

14.5

1,000

20.3

1,364

25.6

895

22.0

328

11.2

12,590
11,610

52.0
48.0

284
1,672

14.5
85.5

1,657
3,336

33.2
66.8

2,473
2,445

50.3
49.7

3,365
1,971

63.1
36.9

2,688
1,377

66.1
33.9

2,123
810

72.4
27.6

3,908
4,772
10,429
5,090

16.1
19.7
43.1
21.0

217
408
855
475

11.1
20.9
43.7
24.3

738
978
2,295
982

14.8
19.6
46.0
19.7

741
964
2,107
1,105

15.1
19.6
42.9
22.5

962
1,000
2,275
1,100

18.0
18.7
42.6
20.6

767
768
1,684
846

18.9
18.9
41.4
20.8

482
654
1,213
584

16.4
22.3
41.4
19.9

20,066
7,485
9,214
3,367

82.9
30.9
38.1
13.9

1,623
727
561
335

83.0
37.2
28.7
17.1

4,245
1,692
1,823
729

85.0
33.9
36.5
14.6

4,214
1,560
2,030
624

85.7
31.7
41.3
12.7

4,390
1,519
2,143
728

82.3
28.5
40.1
13.6

3,314
1,183
1,624
508

81.5
29.1
40.0
12.5

2,281
804
1,033
443

77.8
27.4
35.2
15.1

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

123

Table B-15 2011 Distribution of Underbanked Households by Age and Demographic Characteristics
(continued)
All Underbanked
Households
Number
Household Characteristic (1000s)
Not in Metropolitan
Area
Not Identified

Age Group
15 to 24 Years

25 to 34 Years

35 to 44 Years

45 to 54 Years

55 to 64 Years

65 Years or More

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

3,857

15.9

321

16.4

689

13.8

635

12.9

891

16.7

700

17.2

622

21.2

276

1.1

11

0.6

59

1.2

69

1.4

56

1.0

50

1.2

30

1.0

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

Table B-16 2011 Underbanked Households’ Use of AFS by Age
All Underbanked
Households
AFS Use
Used Any AFS
In last 30 daysa
In last 2-12 months
Total
Used Transaction
AFS in the Last
yearb
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Used Credit AFS in
the Last yearc
Used AFS in the last year
Did not use AFS last year
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific
AFS Products Used
in the Last Year
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total
Number of Specific
AFS Products Used
in the Last 30 Daysa
Used 1 AFS
Used 2 or more AFS
Unknown
Total Households That
Used AFS In the Last
30 Days
Number of Times
Transaction AFS
Used in the Last 30
Daysb
Used 1 time
Used 2 times
Used 3 or more times
Unknown
Total Households That
Used Transaction AFS
In the Last 30 Days

Age Group
15 to 24 Years

25 to 34 Years

35 to 44 Years

45 to 54 Years

55 to 64 Years

65 Years or More

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Col

9,981
14,219
24,199

41.2
58.8
100.0

924
1,032
1,955

47.2
52.8
100.0

2,065
2,928
4,993

41.3
58.7
100.0

2,051
2,867
4,918

41.7
58.3
100.0

2,209
3,128
5,336

41.4
58.6
100.0

1,587
2,477
4,064

39.0
61.0
100.0

1,146
1,787
2,933

39.1
60.9
100.0

21,874
2,272
54
24,199

90.4
9.4
0.2
100.0

1,798
148
9
1,955

92.0
7.6
0.5
100.0

4,443
545
5
4,993

89.0
10.9
0.1
100.0

4,342
561
15
4,918

88.3
11.4
0.3
100.0

4,804
520
12
5,336

90.0
9.7
0.2
100.0

3,730
322
13
4,064

91.8
7.9
0.3
100.0

2,757
176
2,933

94.0
6.0
100.0

5,583
18,321
295
24,199

23.1
75.7
1.2
100.0

559
1,376
21
1,955

28.6
70.4
1.1
100.0

1,412
3,528
53
4,993

28.3
70.7
1.1
100.0

1,378
3,475
65
4,918

28.0
70.7
1.3
100.0

1,145
4,128
64
5,336

21.5
77.3
1.2
100.0

704
3,302
58
4,064

17.3
81.2
1.4
100.0

385
2,513
34
2,933

13.1
85.7
1.2
100.0

17,186
6,508
505
24,199

71.0
26.9
2.1
100.0

1,276
636
44
1,955

65.2
32.5
2.2
100.0

3,188
1,718
87
4,993

63.9
34.4
1.7
100.0

3,323
1,498
97
4,918

67.6
30.5
2.0
100.0

3,794
1,430
113
5,336

71.1
26.8
2.1
100.0

3,155
816
94
4,064

77.6
20.1
2.3
100.0

2,450
411
71
2,933

83.6
14.0
2.4
100.0

8,276
1,505
200
9,981

82.9
15.1
2.0
100.0

746
166
12
924

80.8
18.0
1.3
100.0

1,654
396
14
2,065

80.1
19.2
0.7
100.0

1,678
315
58
2,051

81.8
15.4
2.8
100.0

1,824
356
29
2,209

82.6
16.1
1.3
100.0

1,369
156
62
1,587

86.3
9.8
3.9
100.0

1,004
117
25
1,146

87.6
10.2
2.2
100.0

5,040
2,069
1,758
246
9,112

55.3
22.7
19.3
2.7
100.0

489
163
184
9
844

57.9
19.3
21.8
1.0
100.0

1,022
478
346
48
1,893

54.0
25.2
18.3
2.5
100.0

1,002
384
411
63
1,859

53.9
20.6
22.1
3.4
100.0

1,097
513
391
29
2,029

54.1
25.3
19.3
1.4
100.0

814
340
236
62
1,451

56.1
23.4
16.3
4.2
100.0

618
192
190
36
1,035

59.6
18.5
18.3
3.5
100.0

Notes:
a
The AFS included in this measure are non-bank money orders, non-bank check cashing, non-bank remittances, payday loans and pawn shop loans. Households were not asked whether they use rent-to-own agreements or refund
anticipation loans in the last 30 days.
b
AFS transaction products are non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders and non-bank remittances.
c
AFS credit products are payday loans, pawn shop loans, rent-to-own agreements and refund anticipation loans.
- = For this table cell there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

124

Appendix C — State Tables

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

125

Table C-1 2011 Household Banking Status by State
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Number
(1000s)

Geography
All US Households
Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

120,408
26,900
4,956
2,560
1,244
1,136
3,969
2,163
2,490
734
283
4,719
329
2,316
21,784
1,365
546
2,614
526
3,202
7,677
5,161
423
269
44,920
1,889
1,142
346
281
7,801
3,834
1,819
1,816
2,170
1,143
3,878
1,503
1,787
2,605
9,136
3,008
762
26,804
276
2,622
13,191
1,974
443
589
426
1,035
816
1,522
926
2,748
236

Unbanked

and

Pct of
Row
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)
9,875
1,920
374
201
54
81
307
90
237
27
15
414
15
105
1,537
73
20
128
10
212
740
315
30
9
4,493
193
141
23
31
570
442
179
209
123
173
359
164
166
283
1,167
199
72
1,925
14
304
1,030
107
17
33
21
77
94
65
26
123
14

Underbanked

Pct of
Row
8.2
7.1
7.6
7.8
4.4
7.1
7.7
4.1
9.5
3.7
5.3
8.8
4.4
4.5
7.1
5.3
3.7
4.9
1.9
6.6
9.6
6.1
7.0
3.4
10.0
10.2
12.3
6.7
10.9
7.3
11.5
9.9
11.5
5.6
15.1
9.3
10.9
9.3
10.9
12.8
6.6
9.5
7.2
5.2
11.6
7.8
5.4
3.8
5.7
4.8
7.5
11.5
4.3
2.8
4.5
5.8

Number
(1000s)
24,199
4,772
879
489
215
223
685
272
514
130
51
912
72
329
3,908
208
104
369
66
621
1,487
931
75
47
10,429
544
321
54
63
1,645
1,026
391
495
461
269
840
349
369
473
2,481
503
146
5,090
56
537
2,374
317
89
112
93
323
193
219
195
533
50

Pct of
Row
20.1
17.7
17.7
19.1
17.2
19.7
17.3
12.6
20.6
17.8
18.0
19.3
22.0
14.2
17.9
15.2
19.0
14.1
12.5
19.4
19.4
18.0
17.8
17.4
23.2
28.8
28.1
15.5
22.3
21.1
26.8
21.5
27.2
21.2
23.6
21.7
23.2
20.6
18.1
27.2
16.7
19.2
19.0
20.2
20.5
18.0
16.1
20.0
19.0
22.0
31.2
23.6
14.4
21.0
19.4
21.1

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)
82,830
19,379
3,546
1,817
932
814
2,824
1,763
1,681
559
210
3,172
236
1,823
15,675
1,056
413
2,029
439
2,297
5,159
3,771
304
207
28,772
1,099
658
262
180
5,309
2,248
1,225
1,066
1,528
696
2,579
935
1,219
1,818
5,309
2,138
505
19,005
196
1,734
9,355
1,510
313
432
303
600
494
1,195
694
2,012
167

Pct of
Row
68.8
72.0
71.6
71.0
74.9
71.6
71.2
81.5
67.5
76.2
74.4
67.2
71.6
78.7
72.0
77.3
75.6
77.6
83.5
71.7
67.2
73.1
71.8
77.1
64.1
58.2
57.6
75.9
63.9
68.1
58.6
67.3
58.7
70.4
60.9
66.5
62.2
68.2
69.8
58.1
71.1
66.3
70.9
71.0
66.1
70.9
76.5
70.7
73.3
71.2
58.0
60.6
78.5
74.9
73.2
70.6

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)
3,504
828
156
53
43
18
153
38
59
17
6
220
6
58
664
28
9
88
11
73
291
143
14
6
1,226
53
22
7
8
277
118
24
46
59
6
100
54
34
31
180
168
39
784
10
46
432
40
24
12
9
35
35
44
12
80
6

Pct of
Row
2.9
3.1
3.2
2.1
3.5
1.6
3.9
1.8
2.4
2.3
2.3
4.7
1.9
2.5
3.0
2.1
1.7
3.4
2.1
2.3
3.8
2.8
3.4
2.1
2.7
2.8
1.9
1.9
2.9
3.5
3.1
1.3
2.6
2.7
0.5
2.6
3.6
1.9
1.2
2.0
5.6
5.1
2.9
3.6
1.8
3.3
2.0
5.5
2.0
2.0
3.3
4.3
2.9
1.2
2.9
2.6

126

Table C-2 2009 Household Banking Status by State
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Number
(1000s)

Geography
All US Households
Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

119,001
26,601
4,915
2,445
1,231
1,149
3,971
2,135
2,487
710
277
4,621
332
2,329
21,689
1,383
551
2,655
527
3,143
7,778
4,972
424
257
44,081
1,916
1,140
342
302
7,607
3,763
1,756
1,764
2,167
1,126
3,747
1,453
1,791
2,530
8,912
3,008
757
26,630
251
2,634
13,194
2,006
443
569
423
991
779
1,560
904
2,651
224

Pct of
Row
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)
9,054
1,615
301
178
58
74
264
55
203
37
13
319
16
98
1,500
74
14
106
11
231
768
259
27
11
4,144
228
116
19
37
527
449
211
149
119
183
302
145
184
246
1,040
143
46
1,795
10
201
1,005
139
12
38
17
66
92
91
15
101
8

Underbanked

Pct of
Row
7.6
6.1
6.1
7.3
4.7
6.4
6.6
2.6
8.2
5.1
4.6
6.9
4.7
4.2
6.9
5.3
2.6
4.0
2.2
7.3
9.9
5.2
6.3
4.2
9.4
11.9
10.2
5.5
12.2
6.9
11.9
12.0
8.5
5.5
16.2
8.1
10.0
10.3
9.7
11.7
4.8
6.1
6.7
4.1
7.6
7.6
6.9
2.8
6.6
3.9
6.6
11.8
5.9
1.7
3.8
3.5

Number
(1000s)
21,693
4,579
780
414
208
201
670
238
485
106
53
994
54
376
3,552
197
100
309
64
380
1,525
894
52
31
9,159
392
256
51
73
1,298
742
418
410
437
290
762
326
434
450
2,186
475
159
4,403
65
448
2,054
312
64
114
86
208
170
240
139
463
41

Pct of
Row
18.2
17.2
15.9
17.0
16.9
17.5
16.9
11.2
19.5
15.0
19.2
21.5
16.4
16.1
16.4
14.2
18.1
11.6
12.2
12.1
19.6
18.0
12.4
12.2
20.8
20.5
22.5
14.8
24.1
17.1
19.7
23.8
23.2
20.2
25.7
20.3
22.4
24.3
17.8
24.5
15.8
21.0
16.5
25.8
17.0
15.6
15.5
14.4
20.0
20.2
21.0
21.8
15.4
15.3
17.4
18.2

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)
84,917
19,797
3,737
1,803
950
848
2,893
1,811
1,738
556
205
3,160
255
1,840
15,917
1,084
425
2,179
443
2,419
5,110
3,712
335
210
29,590
1,210
742
269
183
5,514
2,480
1,108
1,174
1,549
628
2,581
936
1,124
1,772
5,496
2,292
532
19,614
168
1,952
9,646
1,500
348
400
308
696
490
1,160
724
2,052
170

Pct of
Row
71.4
74.4
76.0
73.8
77.2
73.9
72.8
84.8
69.9
78.4
74.2
68.4
76.9
79.0
73.4
78.4
77.1
82.1
84.1
77.0
65.7
74.7
79.0
81.8
67.1
63.2
65.1
78.6
60.5
72.5
65.9
63.1
66.5
71.5
55.8
68.9
64.4
62.7
70.0
61.7
76.2
70.3
73.7
66.9
74.1
73.1
74.8
78.5
70.4
72.7
70.3
62.9
74.3
80.2
77.4
75.8

Banked, but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)
3,336
609
97
49
14
25
145
30
61
11
5
148
7
16
720
28
12
61
8
113
375
108
10
5
1,188
86
26
3
10
267
91
19
31
62
25
103
46
49
62
191
98
20
819
8
32
490
55
19
17
13
21
27
68
25
36
6

Pct of
Row

Notes:
Data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion. Figures do not always reconcile to
totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

2.8
2.3
2.0
2.0
1.2
2.2
3.7
1.4
2.5
1.5
2.0
3.2
2.0
0.7
3.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
1.6
3.6
4.8
2.2
2.3
1.8
2.7
4.5
2.2
1.0
3.2
3.5
2.4
1.1
1.8
2.9
2.2
2.7
3.2
2.7
2.5
2.1
3.3
2.6
3.1
3.2
1.2
3.7
2.7
4.3
3.0
3.2
2.1
3.5
4.4
2.8
1.4
2.6

127

Table C-3 Unbanked Status by Region and State and Year
Year
2009
Total
Unbanked
Households Households
(1000s)
(1000s)

Geography
All US Households
Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

119,003
26,601
4,915
2,445
1,231
1,149
3,971
2,135
2,487
710
277
4,621
332
2,329
21,689
1,383
551
2,655
527
3,143
7,778
4,972
424
257
44,083
1,916
1,140
342
302
7,607
3,763
1,756
1,764
2,169
1,126
3,747
1,453
1,791
2,530
8,912
3,008
757
26,630
251
2,634
13,194
2,006
443
569
423
991
779
1,560
904
2,651
224

9,054
1,615
301
178
58
74
264
55
203
37
13
319
16
98
1,500
74
14
106
11
231
768
259
27
11
4,144
228
116
19
37
527
449
211
149
119
183
302
145
184
246
1,040
143
46
1,795
10
201
1,005
139
12
38
17
66
92
91
15
101
8

2011
Unbanked
(Pct.)
7.6
6.1
6.1
7.3
4.7
6.4
6.6
2.6
8.2
5.1
4.6
6.9
4.7
4.2
6.9
5.3
2.6
4.0
2.2
7.3
9.9
5.2
6.3
4.2
9.4
11.9
10.2
5.5
12.2
6.9
11.9
12.0
8.5
5.5
16.2
8.1
10.0
10.3
9.7
11.7
4.8
6.1
6.7
4.1
7.6
7.6
6.9
2.8
6.6
3.9
6.6
11.8
5.9
1.7
3.8
3.5

Total
Unbanked
Households Households
(1000s)
(1000s)
120,408
26,900
4,956
2,560
1,244
1,136
3,969
2,163
2,490
734
283
4,719
329
2,316
21,784
1,365
546
2,614
526
3,202
7,677
5,161
423
269
44,920
1,889
1,142
346
281
7,801
3,834
1,819
1,816
2,170
1,143
3,878
1,503
1,787
2,605
9,136
3,008
762
26,804
276
2,622
13,191
1,974
443
589
426
1,035
816
1,522
926
2,748
236

9,875
1,920
374
201
54
81
307
90
237
27
15
414
15
105
1,537
73
20
128
10
212
740
315
30
9
4,493
193
141
23
31
570
442
179
209
123
173
359
164
166
283
1,167
199
72
1,925
14
304
1,030
107
17
33
21
77
94
65
26
123
14

Unbanked
(Pct.)
8.2
7.1
7.6
7.8
4.4
7.1
7.7
4.1
9.5
3.7
5.3
8.8
4.4
4.5
7.1
5.3
3.7
4.9
1.9
6.6
9.6
6.1
7.0
3.4
10.0
10.2
12.3
6.7
10.9
7.3
11.5
9.9
11.5
5.6
15.1
9.3
10.9
9.3
10.9
12.8
6.6
9.5
7.2
5.2
11.6
7.8
5.4
3.8
5.7
4.8
7.5
11.5
4.3
2.8
4.5
5.8

Estimated
Difference
0.6 *
1.1 *
1.4
0.6
-0.4
0.7
1.1
1.6 *
1.3
-1.4
0.7
1.9
-0.3
0.3
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.9
-0.3
-0.7
-0.2
0.9
0.7
-0.8
0.6
-1.7
2.1
1.1
-1.4
0.4
-0.4
-2.1
3.0
0.2
-1.1
1.2
0.9
-1.0
1.1
1.1
1.9
3.4 *
0.4
1.0
4.0
0.2
-1.5
1.0
-0.9
0.9
0.8
-0.3
-1.6
1.1
0.7
2.3 *

Notes:
Data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion. Figures do not always reconcile to
totals because of rounding.
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

128

Table C-4 Banked Households That Used AFS in the Last Year by State
Year
2009
All
Households
Numbers
(1000s)

Geography
All US Households
Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

119,001
26,601
4,915
2,445
1,231
1,149
3,971
2,135
2,487
710
277
4,621
332
2,329
21,689
1,383
551
2,655
527
3,143
7,778
4,972
424
257
44,081
1,916
1,140
342
302
7,607
3,763
1,756
1,764
2,167
1,126
3,747
1,453
1,791
2,530
8,912
3,008
757
26,630
251
2,634
13,194
2,006
443
569
423
991
779
1,560
904
2,651
224

2011

Banked AFS Usersa
Numbers
(1000s)
20,759
4,367
734
400
196
197
646
231
460
100
51
939
52
360
3,387
188
97
292
61
348
1,468
853
49
30
8,778
379
232
50
73
1,261
718
402
391
421
290
710
310
421
417
2,090
463
151
4,228
61
433
1,963
308
61
107
81
203
167
228
131
446
38

Pct of Row
17.4
16.4
14.9
16.4
15.9
17.1
16.3
10.8
18.5
14.1
18.6
20.3
15.7
15.4
15.6
13.6
17.6
11.0
11.5
11.1
18.9
17.2
11.6
11.9
19.9
19.8
20.4
14.6
24.1
16.6
19.1
22.9
22.1
19.4
25.7
18.9
21.3
23.5
16.5
23.5
15.4
19.9
15.9
24.2
16.4
14.9
15.4
13.7
18.9
19.2
20.5
21.5
14.6
14.4
16.8
16.8

All
Households
Numbers
(1000s)
120,408
26,900
4,956
2,560
1,244
1,136
3,969
2,163
2,490
734
283
4,719
329
2,316
21,784
1,365
546
2,614
526
3,202
7,677
5,161
423
269
44,920
1,889
1,142
346
281
7,801
3,834
1,819
1,816
2,170
1,143
3,878
1,503
1,787
2,605
9,136
3,008
762
26,804
276
2,622
13,191
1,974
443
589
426
1,035
816
1,522
926
2,748
236

Banked AFS Usersa
Numbers
(1000s)

Pct of Row

Estimated
Difference

22,031
4,464
753
467
199
210
664
252
500
122
50
875
68
303
3,498
174
97
321
58
517
1,328
890
67
45
9,670
533
310
50
56
1,465
947
379
478
417
264
790
325
349
449
2,260
455
143
4,399
52
485
1,924
289
76
103
90
293
184
192
172
490
49

18.3
16.6
15.2
18.2
16.0
18.5
16.7
11.7
20.1
16.6
17.6
18.5
20.6
13.1
16.1
12.7
17.8
12.3
11.1
16.2
17.3
17.2
15.9
16.6
21.5
28.2
27.2
14.4
19.9
18.8
24.7
20.9
26.3
19.2
23.1
20.4
21.6
19.5
17.2
24.7
15.1
18.8
16.4
18.7
18.5
14.6
14.7
17.1
17.4
21.3
28.3
22.5
12.6
18.6
17.8
20.6

0.9 *
0.2
0.3
1.9
0.1
1.4
0.5
0.8
1.6
2.5
-1.0
-1.8
4.9 *
-2.3
0.4
-0.9
0.3
1.3
-0.4
5.1 *
-1.6
0.1
4.4 *
4.8 *
1.6 *
8.4 *
6.8 *
-0.2
-4.2 *
2.2
5.6 *
-2.0
4.2
-0.2
-2.7
1.4
0.3
-4.0
0.7
1.3
-0.2
-1.2
0.5
-5.4 *
2.1
-0.3
-0.7
3.4
-1.4
2.1
7.8 *
1.1
-2.1
4.2
1.0
3.8

Notes:
a
For comparability purposes, the estimates include households that have an account, but used non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders, payday loans, rent-to-own, and pawn shops in the last year. The estimates exclude
non-bank remittances and refund anticipation loans because the 2009 survey did not ask about non-bank remittances and asked about the use of refund anticipation loans in the last five years as opposed to the last year.
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

129

Table C-5 2011 Household Bank Account Type by State
Bank Account Type
Unbanked
Households

All Households
Geography
All Households
Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

Checking and
Savings Accounts

Savings Account Checking Account
only
only

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

120,408
26,900
4,956
2,560
1,244
1,136
3,969
2,163
2,490
734
283
4,719
329
2,316
21,784
1,365
546
2,614
526
3,202
7,677
5,161
423
269
44,920
1,889
1,142
346
281
7,801
3,834
1,819
1,816
2,170
1,143
3,878
1,503
1,787
2,605
9,136
3,008
762
26,804
276
2,622
13,191
1,974
443
589
426
1,035
816
1,522
926
2,748
236

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

9,875
1,920
374
201
54
81
307
90
237
27
15
414
15
105
1,537
73
20
128
10
212
740
315
30
9
4,493
193
141
23
31
570
442
179
209
123
173
359
164
166
283
1,167
199
72
1,925
14
304
1,030
107
17
33
21
77
94
65
26
123
14

8.2
7.1
7.6
7.8
4.4
7.1
7.7
4.1
9.5
3.7
5.3
8.8
4.4
4.5
7.1
5.3
3.7
4.9
1.9
6.6
9.6
6.1
7.0
3.4
10.0
10.2
12.3
6.7
10.9
7.3
11.5
9.9
11.5
5.6
15.1
9.3
10.9
9.3
10.9
12.8
6.6
9.5
7.2
5.2
11.6
7.8
5.4
3.8
5.7
4.8
7.5
11.5
4.3
2.8
4.5
5.8

80,924
18,477
3,261
1,686
884
748
2,853
1,596
1,587
530
203
3,084
242
1,805
15,468
1,028
413
1,987
405
2,331
5,370
3,440
294
201
27,478
1,111
495
230
190
5,059
2,264
1,057
1,019
1,613
546
2,507
872
1,084
1,518
5,526
2,001
387
19,500
221
1,825
9,297
1,468
339
444
288
695
510
1,195
767
2,283
168

67.2
68.7
65.8
65.9
71.1
65.8
71.9
73.8
63.7
72.2
71.9
65.4
73.4
77.9
71.0
75.3
75.6
76.0
77.0
72.8
70.0
66.6
69.5
74.7
61.2
58.8
43.3
66.6
67.6
64.9
59.0
58.1
56.1
74.3
47.8
64.6
58.0
60.6
58.3
60.5
66.5
50.8
72.7
80.0
69.6
70.5
74.4
76.7
75.3
67.8
67.2
62.5
78.5
82.8
83.1
71.1

2,379
653
3,261
1,686
884
748
2,853
1,596
1,587
530
203
3,084
242
1,805
441
1,028
413
1,987
405
2,331
5,370
3,440
294
201
846
1,111
495
230
190
5,059
2,264
1,057
1,019
1,613
546
2,507
872
1,084
1,518
5,526
2,001
387
439
221
1,825
9,297
1,468
339
444
288
695
510
1,195
767
2,283
168

Unbanked

and

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Memo Items

Pct of
Row
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.6
3.6
1.9
3.0
2.2
1.0
1.1
3.5
2.7
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.8
3.6
3.0
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.6
1.4
1.9
3.8
2.5
1.4
2.4
1.4
1.9
0.7
2.8
0.7
4.0
1.7
2.0
2.3
1.0
2.2
1.8
1.3
1.6
3.8
1.7
1.5
1.0
1.7
0.8
4.2
1.3
5.0
1.5
0.8
1.4
2.9

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

25,378
5,440
112
68
45
21
119
48
24
8
10
129
10
59
4,028
25
20
78
11
57
137
100
11
4
11,351
71
28
5
7
107
73
13
51
15
46
67
30
41
26
203
54
10
4,559
11
45
204
20
8
5
18
14
41
22
8
37
7

21.1
20.2
22.4
22.8
19.4
24.2
15.4
18.7
25.3
21.8
18.3
20.9
17.9
14.0
18.5
16.6
16.1
15.3
18.5
18.6
16.7
23.5
18.6
19.1
25.3
26.0
40.5
23.5
17.4
24.2
25.0
29.8
27.8
17.9
32.1
23.0
26.7
27.0
28.8
23.3
23.0
35.7
17.0
9.3
16.4
18.8
16.5
13.5
16.7
21.9
22.5
18.9
15.1
12.6
10.0
18.9

Banked, but
Account Type
Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked Households • September 2012

1,851
410
1,113
584
241
275
611
406
629
160
52
987
59
324
309
226
88
400
97
596
1,280
1,211
79
51
751
491
463
81
49
1,892
957
543
506
388
367
892
401
482
750
2,126
692
272
381
26
430
2,473
325
60
99
93
233
154
230
116
275
45

Has Checking
Account

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

1.5
1.5
1.9
0.8
1.6
1.0
2.0
1.1
0.5
1.2
1.0
2.2
1.3
1.0
1.4
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.2
1.9
1.8
2.3
1.4
1.7
1.2
1.4
1.8
1.7
2.2
2.6
1.5
1.7
1.4
0.9
1.4
2.4
0.8
1.1
1.2
2.1
2.7
1.4
1.7
0.6
1.4
2.7
4.4
1.5
1.2
1.5
2.1
0.7
1.0
1.1
1.3

106,509
23,953
96
22
19
11
79
25
13
9
3
105
4
24
19,553
13
5
21
3
8
150
95
10
4
38,905
23
16
6
5
173
98
28
32
31
11
53
36
14
28
114
62
20
24,098
5
17
187
53
19
9
5
16
17
11
9
30
3

88.5
89.0
88.4
88.7
90.4
90.1
87.6
92.8
89.0
94.1
90.2
86.4
91.8
91.9
89.8
92.1
91.8
91.6
95.7
91.5
87.0
90.3
88.1
93.8
86.6
84.8
84.0
90.5
85.0
89.3
84.0
88.2
84.1
92.3
80.2
87.8
84.7
88.0
87.3
83.8
90.0
86.7
89.9
89.5
86.0
89.4
91.2
90.3
92.0
89.7
90.0
81.6
93.6
95.4
93.1
90.0

Has Savings
Account
Number Pct of
(1000s) Row
83,331
19,136
4,382
2,270
1,125
1,023
3,475
2,007
2,216
690
255
4,079
302
2,128
15,910
1,257
501
2,394
503
2,930
6,682
4,659
373
252
28,337
1,602
959
313
239
6,968
3,221
1,604
1,528
2,003
917
3,406
1,273
1,572
2,273
7,659
2,709
661
19,948
247
2,256
11,797
1,800
400
542
382
931
665
1,424
883
2,558
212

69.2
71.1
68.1
68.6
74.7
67.8
74.9
76
64.7
73.3
75.4
68.1
76.4
80.5
73.0
77.1
79.3
79
79.1
74.5
71.7
68.6
72
76.1
63.1
62.6
45.8
68
70.2
66.3
60.9
58.8
58.9
75
51.8
66.4
60
62.9
59.3
62.8
68.3
52.1
74.4
83.8
71.4
72.1
75.4
78.6
76.1
72.3
68.5
67.8
80
83.7
84.4
74

130

Appendix D — MSA Tables

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

131

Table D-1 2011 Household Banking Status by MSA
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Geography

of

Underbanked

Pct of
Row

120,408
419
389
2,108
605
1,021
63
423
227
1,843
337
462
84
742
3,429
823
909
222
294
718
2,433
974
228
1,762
80
437
315
2,215
729
600
849
727
330
4,353
571
254
567
2,285
627
1,350
603
224
507
7,191

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

9,875
30
21
205
62
77
2
51
7
77
5
40
1
66
294
84
77
20
22
58
239
51
16
188
4
23
9
264
62
36
85
45
26
421
48
3
63
206
68
70
57
11
63
700

8.2
7.2
5.5
9.7
10.2
7.5
3.9
12.1
2.9
4.2
1.6
8.6
1.7
8.9
8.6
10.3
8.5
9.1
7.4
8.1
9.8
5.2
7.0
10.7
5.2
5.3
2.8
11.9
8.5
6.0
10.0
6.2
7.8
9.7
8.4
1.0
11.1
9.0
10.8
5.2
9.5
4.8
12.4
9.7

24,199
95
85
541
124
222
17
140
38
271
45
46
13
206
561
127
164
25
48
182
670
175
53
343
15
59
64
630
125
150
172
241
91
811
131
34
93
509
79
140
86
42
118
1,409

20.1
22.6
21.8
25.7
20.4
21.8
27.1
33.0
16.7
14.7
13.2
10.0
14.9
27.8
16.4
15.5
18.1
11.2
16.4
25.3
27.5
18.0
23.2
19.4
18.4
13.6
20.2
28.4
17.1
25.0
20.3
33.2
27.8
18.6
23.0
13.5
16.4
22.3
12.6
10.4
14.2
18.6
23.2
19.6

82,830
283
262
1,290
409
706
43
221
177
1,467
283
368
69
458
2,460
565
638
171
224
454
1,488
730
156
1,161
60
344
223
1,264
537
414
581
417
202
3,015
389
217
393
1,478
460
1,109
452
163
314
4,894

68.8
67.6
67.4
61.2
67.6
69.2
68.0
52.3
77.9
79.6
84.0
79.8
81.7
61.7
71.7
68.6
70.3
77.1
76.3
63.2
61.1
75.0
68.6
65.9
75.2
78.8
70.9
57.1
73.7
68.9
68.5
57.3
61.2
69.3
68.2
85.5
69.4
64.7
73.3
82.1
75.0
72.7
61.9
68.1

3,504
11
21
71
10
16
1
11
6
27
4
8
1
12
113
46
29
6
24
37
18
3
70
1
10
19
56
5
11
24
11
106
2
18
92
20
30
8
9
12
188

2.9
2.6
5.4
3.4
1.7
1.5
1.0
2.6
2.5
1.5
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.7
3.3
5.6
3.1
2.5
3.3
1.5
1.8
1.3
4.0
1.3
2.4
6.1
2.5
0.7
1.3
3.4
3.3
2.4
0.4
3.1
4.0
3.3
2.3
1.3
3.9
2.5
2.6

529
338
791
2,359
1,710
1,004
146
858
523
470
175
522
1,384
461
827
422
791
1,090
1,853

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

49
14
59
183
181
34
6
26
40
12
19
31
176
18
44
19
123
49
108

9.3
4.2
7.4
7.8
10.6
3.4
4.0
3.1
7.6
2.6
10.9
6.0
12.7
3.9
5.4
4.4
15.5
4.5
5.9

139
51
186
377
324
196
19
121
86
73
44
113
309
111
175
84
206
195
229

26.4
15.1
23.5
16.0
18.9
19.5
12.8
14.1
16.5
15.5
24.9
21.6
22.3
24.1
21.2
20.0
26.0
17.9
12.3

313
265
497
1,715
1,174
744
118
690
383
372
103
345
874
315
607
317
458
780
1,412

59.2
78.4
62.9
72.7
68.7
74.1
80.8
80.4
73.1
79.3
59.0
66.2
63.1
68.5
73.5
75.1
57.9
71.6
76.2

27
8
49
84
31
31
4
21
14
13
9
33
25
16
2
4
66
103

5.1
2.2
6.2
3.6
1.8
3.1
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.7
5.1
6.3
1.8
3.6
0.5
0.5
6.0
5.6

Unbanked

and

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Fully Banked

Number
(1000s)

All Households
Albuquerque, NM
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA^
Austin-Round Rock, TX
Baltimore-Towson, MD
Bangor, ME
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
Boise City-Nampa, ID^
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY
Burlington-South Burlington, VT
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC^
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI^
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN^
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH
Colorado Springs, CO
Columbia, SC
Columbus, OH^
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX^
Denver-Aurora, CO
Des Moines, IA
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI
Fargo, ND-MN^
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT
Honolulu, HI
Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX
Indianapolis, IN
Jacksonville, FL
Kansas City, MO-KS^
Las Vegas-Paradise, NM
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR^
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
Louisville, KY-IN^
Madison, WI
Memphis, TN-MS-AR^
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI
Minneapolis-St Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI^
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro, TN^
New Haven, CT
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
NY-NJ-PA^
Oklahoma City, OK
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
Orlando, FL
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
Pittsburgh, PA
Portland-South Portland, ME
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA^
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, MA-RI
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Reno-Sparks, NV
Richmond, VA^
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Rochester, NY
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade Roseville, CA
Salt Lake City, UT^
San Antonio, TX
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA

2011 FDIC National Survey

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

132

Table D-1 2011 Household Banking Status by MSA (continued)
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Geography

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

694
1,464
102
1,140
1,298
430
626
2,148
229

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
Sioux Falls, SD
St. Louis, MO-IL^
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Tulsa, OK^
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC^
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV^
Wichita, KS

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)
17
59
5
111
77
50
36
100
34

Underbanked

Pct of
Row
2.4
4.0
5.2
9.7
6.0
11.7
5.8
4.6
14.8

Number
(1000s)
80
254
21
229
283
82
189
362
70

Pct of
Row
11.6
17.4
21.1
20.1
21.8
19.1
30.2
16.9
30.6

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)
567
1,116
73
761
899
292
366
1,572
125

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

81.8
76.2
72.2
66.8
69.2
67.9
58.4
73.2
54.6

29
35
2
39
39
5
35
115
0

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
- = For this table cell there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
^ For the MSA results presented in this table, response data may not be included for a few of the smaller counties included in the official MSA definitions prepared by OMB.

Pct of
Row
4.2
2.4
1.5
3.4
3.0
1.3
5.5
5.3
-

Table D-2 2009 Household Banking Status by MSA
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Number
(1000s)

Geography
All Households
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY
Albuquerque, NM
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA^
Austin-Round Rock, TX
Baltimore-Towson, MD
Bangor, ME
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
Boise City-Nampa, ID^
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY
Burlington-South Burlington, VT
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC^
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI^
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN^
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH
Colorado Springs, CO
Columbia, SC
Columbus, OH^
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX^
Denver-Aurora, CO
Des Moines, IA
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI
Fargo, ND-MN^
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT
Honolulu, HI
Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX
Indianapolis, IN
Jacksonville, FL
Kansas City, MO-KS^
Las Vegas-Paradise, NM
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR^
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
Louisville, KY-IN^
Madison, WI
Memphis, TN-MS-AR^
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI
Minneapolis-St Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI^

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

119,001
373
369
339
2,122
675
1,039
64
521
211
1,794
346
477
74
764
3,355
812
862
238
328
731
2,312
1,021
208
1,737
64
381
450
321
2,023
705
612
811
752
318
4,468
450
268
561
2,225
653
1,300

Unbanked

and

Pct of
Row
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

Unbanked
Number
(1000s)
9,054
24
37
15
185
37
69
2
54
11
68
14
40
3
84
245
99
54
16
20
44
249
92
17
169
2
18
23
6
212
71
29
72
51
23
399
35
6
96
194
63
35

Underbanked

Pct of
Row
7.6
6.4
10.2
4.4
8.7
5.5
6.6
3.3
10.4
5.2
3.8
4.1
8.4
3.9
11.0
7.3
12.2
6.3
6.7
6.1
6.1
10.8
9.1
8.4
9.7
3.5
4.7
5.1
1.8
10.5
10.1
4.7
8.9
6.8
7.2
8.9
7.7
2.3
17.1
8.7
9.7
2.7

Number
(1000s)
21,693
82
80
55
418
147
225
16
95
37
210
39
85
9
204
470
183
123
29
84
181
555
137
38
315
15
51
62
40
432
89
146
153
150
80
665
79
25
100
296
82
117

Pct of
Row
18.2
22.1
21.6
16.2
19.7
21.8
21.6
24.7
18.3
17.5
11.7
11.4
17.8
11.7
26.7
14.0
22.5
14.3
12.4
25.6
24.8
24.0
13.4
18.4
18.1
23.8
13.4
13.7
12.5
21.4
12.6
23.9
18.9
20.0
25.1
14.9
17.6
9.2
17.8
13.3
12.5
9.0

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)
84,917
247
237
266
1,457
491
729
43
336
155
1,456
287
342
61
470
2,565
504
661
171
210
487
1,455
779
148
1,205
45
291
364
262
1,294
514
419
567
536
205
3,231
336
235
338
1,633
508
1,128

Pct of
Row
71.4
66.2
64.4
78.5
68.6
72.7
70.1
67.8
64.5
73.7
81.1
82.9
71.7
82.7
61.6
76.5
62.0
76.7
72.0
63.8
66.7
62.9
76.3
71.3
69.4
71.1
76.4
80.7
81.6
63.9
72.9
68.5
69.9
71.3
64.5
72.3
74.7
87.7
60.4
73.4
77.8
86.8

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)
3,336
20
14
3
62
17
3
35
8
61
6
10
1
6
75
27
23
21
15
18
52
12
4
48
1
21
2
13
85
30
18
18
14
10
173
2
27
101
19

Pct of
Row
2.8
5.3
3.9
1.0
2.9
1.6
4.1
6.7
3.6
3.4
1.6
2.1
1.7
0.7
2.2
3.3
2.6
8.9
4.5
2.4
2.3
1.2
1.8
2.7
1.6
5.6
0.5
4.2
4.2
4.3
2.9
2.3
1.9
3.2
3.9
0.8
4.7
4.6
1.5

133

Table D-2 2009 Household Banking Status by MSA (continued)
Has a Bank Account
All Households
Number
(1000s)

Geography
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro, TN^
New Haven, CT
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
NY-NJ-PA^
Ogden-Clearfield, UT
Oklahoma City, OK
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
Orlando, FL
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
Pittsburgh, PA
Portland-South Portland, ME
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA^
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, MA-RI
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Richmond, VA^
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Rochester, NY
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade Roseville, CA
Salt Lake City, UT^
San Antonio, TX
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
Sioux Falls, SD
St. Louis, MO-IL^
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Tulsa, OK^
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC^
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV^
Wichita, KS

Unbanked

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Underbanked

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Fully Banked
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Banked but
Underbanked
Status Unknown
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

645
237
493
7,244

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40
16
26
692

6.2
6.6
5.2
9.6

109
38
90
1,098

16.9
16.0
18.3
15.2

483
169
372
5,062

74.9
71.4
75.4
69.9

13
14
6
392

2.0
6.0
1.1
5.4

185
566
345
857
409
2,229
1,741
984
149
824
532
433
499
1,303
434
783
360
772
1,071
1,589
787
1,411
94
1,167
1,190
366
610
2,139
222

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

54
20
59
170
94
37
2
44
30
18
15
143
41
51
8
84
44
76
17
49
2
89
56
46
20
129
22

9.6
5.9
6.8
7.6
5.4
3.8
1.1
5.4
5.7
4.2
3.0
11.0
9.4
6.6
2.1
10.8
4.1
4.8
2.2
3.5
2.5
7.6
4.7
12.4
3.3
6.0
10.0

35
135
43
161
83
418
267
123
20
104
73
39
58
227
101
187
58
202
140
166
64
245
14
266
229
59
130
323
57

19.1
23.9
12.6
18.8
20.3
18.8
15.3
12.5
13.4
12.6
13.6
8.9
11.7
17.4
23.3
23.9
16.1
26.2
13.1
10.4
8.2
17.4
14.8
22.8
19.2
16.1
21.3
15.1
25.9

144
349
278
595
326
1,592
1,361
808
123
651
419
353
420
909
283
537
278
482
856
1,291
648
1,104
75
784
867
259
439
1,577
140

78.0
61.7
80.4
69.5
79.7
71.4
78.2
82.1
82.5
79.1
78.8
81.5
84.2
69.8
65.1
68.6
77.2
62.4
80.0
81.2
82.3
78.2
80.5
67.2
72.9
70.8
72.1
73.7
63.3

5
27
4
42
0
50
19
16
4
24
10
23
6
24
9
7
16
4
31
56
58
13
2
28
38
3
21
110
2

2.9
4.8
1.1
4.9
2.2
1.1
1.7
2.9
2.9
1.9
5.4
1.1
1.8
2.2
0.9
4.5
0.5
2.9
3.6
7.3
0.9
2.2
2.4
3.2
0.7
3.4
5.1
0.9

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
- = For this table cell there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
^ For the MSA results presented in this table, response data may not be included for a few of the smaller counties included in the official MSA definitions prepared by OMB.

Table D-3 Unbanked Households by MSA and Year
Year

All Households
(1000s)
All US Households
Albuquerque, NM
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA ^
Austin-Round Rock, TX
Baltimore-Towson, MD
Bangor, ME
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
Boise City-Nampa, ID ^
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY
Burlington-South Burlington, VT
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC ^
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI ^
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN ^
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH

2011 FDIC National Survey

119,001
369
339
2,122
675
1,039
64
521
211
1,794
346
477
74
764
3,355
812
862
of

Unbanked

and

2009

2011

Unbanked
Households
(1000s)

Unbanked
Households
(1000s)

9,054
37
15
185
37
69
2
54
11
68
14
40
3
84
245
99
54

Unbanked (Pct)

All Households
(1000s)

7.6
10.2
4.4
8.7
5.5
6.6
3.3
10.4
5.2
3.8
4.1
8.4
3.9
11.0
7.3
12.2
6.3

120,408
419
389
2,108
605
1,021
63
423
227
1,843
337
462
84
742
3,429
823
909

Underbanked Households • September 2012

9,875
30
21
205
62
77
2
51
7
77
5
40
1
66
294
84
77

Unbanked (Pct)
8.2
7.2
5.5
9.7
10.2
7.5
3.9
12.1
2.9
4.2
1.6
8.6
1.7
8.9
8.6
10.3
8.5

Estimated
Difference
0.6 *
-3.0
1.1
1.0
4.7 *
0.9
0.6
1.7
-2.3
0.4
-2.5
0.1
-2.2
-2.1
1.3
-2.0
2.2

134

Table D-3 Unbanked Households by MSA and Year (continued)
Year
2009
All Households
(1000s)
Colorado Springs, CO
Columbia, SC
Columbus, OH ^
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX ^
Denver-Aurora, CO
Des Moines, IA
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI
Fargo, ND-MN ^
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT
Honolulu, HI
Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX
Indianapolis, IN
Jacksonville, FL
Kansas City, MO-KS ^
Las Vegas-Paradise, NM
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR ^
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
Louisville, KY-IN ^
Madison, WI
Memphis, TN-MS-AR ^
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI
Minneapolis-St Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI ^
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro, TN ^
New Haven, CT
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA ^
Oklahoma City, OK
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
Orlando, FL
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
Pittsburgh, PA
Portland-South Portland, ME
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA ^
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, MA-RI
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Richmond, VA ^
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Rochester, NY
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade Roseville, CA
Salt Lake City, UT ^
San Antonio, TX
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
Sioux Falls, SD
St. Louis, MO-IL ^
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Tulsa, OK ^
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC ^
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV ^
Wichita, KS

238
328
731
2,312
1,021
208
1,737
64
450
321
2,023
705
612
811
752
318
4,468
450
268
561
2,225
653
1,300
645
237
493
7,244
566
345
857
2,229
1,741
984
149
824
532
433
499
1,303
434
783
360
772
1,071
1,589
787
1,411
94
1,167
1,190
366
610
2,139
222

2011

Unbanked
Households
(1000s)
16
20
44
249
92
17
169
2
23
6
212
71
29
72
51
23
399
35
6
96
194
63
35
40
16
26
692
54
20
59
170
94
37
2
44
30
18
15
143
41
51
8
84
44
76
17
49
2
89
56
46
20
129
22

Unbanked (Pct)

All Households
(1000s)

6.7
6.1
6.1
10.8
9.1
8.4
9.7
3.5
5.1
1.8
10.5
10.1
4.7
8.9
6.8
7.2
8.9
7.7
2.3
17.1
8.7
9.7
2.7
6.2
6.6
5.2
9.6
9.6
5.9
6.8
7.6
5.4
3.8
1.1
5.4
5.7
4.2
3.0
11.0
9.4
6.6
2.1
10.8
4.1
4.8
2.2
3.5
2.5
7.6
4.7
12.4
3.3
6.0
10.0

222
294
718
2,433
974
228
1,762
80
437
315
2,215
729
600
849
727
330
4,353
571
254
567
2,285
627
1,350
603
224
507
7,191
529
338
791
2,359
1,710
1,004
146
858
523
470
522
1,384
461
827
422
791
1,090
1,853
694
1,464
102
1,140
1,298
430
626
2,148
229

Unbanked
Households
(1000s)
20
22
58
239
51
16
188
4
23
9
264
62
36
85
45
26
421
48
3
63
206
68
70
57
11
63
700
49
14
59
183
181
34
6
26
40
12
31
176
18
44
19
123
49
108
17
59
5
111
77
50
36
100
34

Unbanked (Pct)
9.1
7.4
8.1
9.8
5.2
7.0
10.7
5.2
5.3
2.8
11.9
8.5
6.0
10.0
6.2
7.8
9.7
8.4
1.0
11.1
9.0
10.8
5.2
9.5
4.8
12.4
9.7
9.3
4.2
7.4
7.8
10.6
3.4
4.0
3.1
7.6
2.6
6.0
12.7
3.9
5.4
4.4
15.5
4.5
5.9
2.4
4.0
5.2
9.7
6.0
11.7
5.8
4.6
14.8

Estimated
Difference
2.4
1.3
2.0
-1.0
-3.9 *
-1.4
1.0
1.7
0.2
1.0
1.4
-1.6
1.3
1.1
-0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
-1.3
-6.0
0.3
1.1
2.5 *
3.3
-1.8
7.2 *
0.2
-0.3
-1.7
0.6
0.1
5.2 *
-0.4
2.9 *
-2.3
2.0
-1.6
3.0
1.7
-5.6 *
-1.2
2.3
4.7
0.4
1.1
0.3
0.6
2.8
2.1
1.2
-0.7
2.5
-1.4
4.9

Notes:
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion. Figures do not always reconcile
to totals because of rounding.
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level. 2009 estimates have been revised based on new weights provided by Census.
^ For the MSA results presented in the tables of this report, response data may not be included for a few of the smaller counties included in the official MSA definitions prepared by OMB. The reasons for such exclusions are given in
Appendix E of the full report, FDIC Technical Notes.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

135

Table D-4 Banked Households That Used AFS in the Last Year by Year and MSA
Year
2009
All Households
Numbers
(1000s)

Geography
All Households
Albuquerque, NM
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA^
Austin-Round Rock, TX
Baltimore-Towson, MD
Bangor, ME
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
Boise City-Nampa, ID^
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY
Burlington-South Burlington, VT
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC^
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI^
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN^
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH
Colorado Springs, CO
Columbia, SC
Columbus, OH^
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX^
Denver-Aurora, CO
Des Moines, IA
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI
Fargo, ND-MN^
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT
Honolulu, HI
Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX
Indianapolis, IN
Jacksonville, FL
Kansas City, MO-KS^
Las Vegas-Paradise, NM
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR^
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA
Louisville, KY-IN^
Madison, WI
Memphis, TN-MS-AR^
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI
Minneapolis-St Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI^
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro, TN^
New Haven, CT
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
NY-NJ-PA^
Oklahoma City, OK
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
Orlando, FL
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
Pittsburgh, PA
Portland-South Portland, ME
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA^
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, MA-RI
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Richmond, VA^
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Rochester, NY
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade Roseville, CA
Salt Lake City, UT^
San Antonio, TX
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

2011

Banked AFS Usersa
Numbers
(1000s)

All Households

Pct of Row

Numbers
(1000s)

Banked AFS Usersa
Numbers
(1000s)

Pct of Row

Estimated
Difference

119,001
369
339
2,122
675
1,039
64
521
211
1,794
346
477
74
764
3,355
812
862
238
329
731
2,312
1,021
208
1,737
64
450
321
2,023
705
612
811
752
318
4,468
450
268
561
2,226
653
1,300
645
237
493
7,244

20,759
77
55
403
147
213
15
87
37
205
38
81
9
194
447
171
123
30
81
173
545
133
38
309
14
60
38
406
86
142
149
150
70
648
77
25
100
296
75
115
93
38
79
1,044

17.4
20.9
16.2
19.0
21.8
20.5
23.8
16.7
17.5
11.4
10.8
16.9
11.7
25.3
13.3
21.1
14.3
12.4
24.5
23.7
23.6
13.0
18.4
17.8
22.4
13.4
11.9
20.0
12.2
23.2
18.3
20.0
22.1
14.5
17.1
9.2
17.8
13.3
11.5
8.9
14.4
16.0
15.9
14.4

120,408
419
389
2,108
605
1,021
63
423
227
1,843
337
462
85
742
3,429
823
909
222
294
718
2,433
974
228
1,762
80
437
315
2,215
729
600
849
727
330
4,353
571
254
567
2,285
627
1,350
603
224
507
7,191

22,031
91
81
486
113
196
17
137
36
243
30
46
11
193
454
127
160
25
45
174
618
159
44
334
14
55
52
542
121
146
169
224
84
602
120
27
88
399
67
126
76
33
112
1,175

18.3
21.6
20.7
23.1
18.6
19.2
27.1
32.3
15.7
13.2
8.9
10.0
13.3
26.0
13.2
15.5
17.6
11.2
15.3
24.2
25.4
16.3
19.3
18.9
17.8
12.7
16.4
24.5
16.6
24.3
19.9
30.8
25.5
13.8
21.0
10.6
15.6
17.5
10.7
9.3
12.5
14.9
22.1
16.3

0.9 *
0.7
4.5
4.1 *
-3.2
-1.4
3.3
15.7 *
-1.7
1.7
-1.9
-7.0 *
1.6
0.7
-0.1
-5.6 *
3.3
-1.1
-9.2 *
0.5
1.8
3.2 *
0.9
1.2
-4.6
-0.8
4.6 *
4.4 *
4.5
1.2
1.6
10.9 *
3.5
-0.7 *
3.9
1.3
-2.2
4.1 *
-0.8
0.5
-1.8
-1.2
6.2
1.9 *

566
346
857
2,229
1,741
984
149
824
532
433
499
1,303
434
783
360
772
1,071
1,589
787

133
39
153
409
267
115
20
98
69
31
53
215
91
174
55
196
133
159
64

23.4
11.3
17.9
18.3
15.3
11.7
13.4
11.9
13.0
7.1
10.5
16.5
20.8
22.3
15.1
25.3
12.4
10.0
8.2

529
338
791
2,359
1,710
1,004
146
858
524
470
522
1,384
461
827
422
791
1,090
1,853
694

132
45
181
358
288
183
18
103
75
68
92
269
111
159
79
194
159
169
58

24.9
13.3
22.8
15.2
16.9
18.2
12.4
12.0
14.3
14.5
17.6
19.5
24.1
19.3
18.7
24.5
14.6
9.1
8.4

1.5
1.9
5.0
-3.2
1.5
6.4 *
-1.1
0.2
1.3
7.3
7.1 *
3.0
3.3
-3.0
3.6
-0.9
2.2
-0.9
0.2

Underbanked Households • September 2012

136

Table D-4 Banked Households That Used AFS in the Last Year by Year and MSA (continued)
Year
2009
All Households
Numbers
(1000s)

Geography
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
Sioux Falls, SD
St. Louis, MO-IL^
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Tulsa, OK^
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC^
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV^
Wichita, KS

1,412
94
1,167
1,190
366
610
2,139
222

2011

Banked AFS Usersa
Numbers
(1000s)
239
13
249
224
56
123
319
57

All Households

Pct of Row
16.9
13.4
21.3
18.8
15.4
20.2
14.9
25.9

Numbers
(1000s)
1,464
102
1,140
1,298
430
626
2,148
229

Banked AFS Usersa
Numbers
(1000s)
234
20
222
278
74
181
324
70

Pct of Row
16.0
19.3
19.5
21.4
17.3
29.0
15.1
30.6

Estimated
Difference
-0.9
5.9 *
-1.8
2.5
1.9
8.8 *
0.2
4.7

Notes:
a
For comparability purposes, the estimates include households that have an account, but used non-bank check cashing, non-bank money orders, payday loans, rent-to-own, and pawn shops in the last year. The estimates exclude
non-bank remittances and refund anticipation loans because the 2009 survey did not ask about non-bank remittances and asked about the use of refund anticipation loans in the last five years as opposed to the last year.
* Indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10% level.
^
For the MSA results presented in the tables of this report, response data may not be included for a few of the smaller counties included in the official MSA definitions prepared by OMB. The reasons for such exclusions are given in
Appendix E of the full report, FDIC Technical Notes.
Data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
2009 data revised September 2012. Refer to 2009 and 2011 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households and Technical Notes for terms, definitions, and methodological discussion.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

137

Table D-5 2011 Household Bank Account Type by MSA
Bank Account Type

All Households
Geography
All Households
Albuquerque, NM
Allentown-BethlehemEaston, PA-NJ
Atlanta-Sandy
Springs-Marietta,
GA^
Austin-Round Rock,
TX
Baltimore-Towson,
MD
Bangor, ME
Birmingham-Hoover,
AL
Boise City-Nampa,
ID^
Boston-CambridgeQuincy, MA-NH
Bridgeport-StamfordNorwalk, CT
Buffalo-Niagara Falls,
NY
Burlington-South
Burlington, VT
Charlotte-GastoniaConcord, NC-SC^
Chicago-NapervilleJoliet, IL-IN-WI^
Cincinnati-Middletown,
OH-KY-IN^
Cleveland-ElyriaMentor, OH
Colorado Springs, CO
Columbia, SC
Columbus, OH^
Dallas-Fort WorthArlington, TX^
Denver-Aurora, CO
Des Moines, IA
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI
Fargo, ND-MN^
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford,
CT
Honolulu, HI
Houston-BaytownSugar Land, TX
Indianapolis, IN
Jacksonville, FL
Kansas City, MO-KS^
Las Vegas-Paradise,
NM
Little Rock-North Little
Rock, AR^
Los Angeles-Long
Beach-Santa Ana,
CA
Louisville, KY-IN^
Madison, WI
Memphis, TN-MS-AR^
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach,
FL
Milwaukee-WaukeshaWest Allis, WI

Unbanked
Households

Number
(1000s)

Pct of Number
Row (1000s)

120,408
419
389

100.0
100.0
100.0

9,875
30
21

2,108

100.0

605

Checking and
Savings Account Checking Account
Savings Accounts
Only
Only
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

8.2
7.2
5.5

80,924
308
297

67.2
73.6
76.4

2,379
24
3

205

9.7

1,368

64.9

100.0

62

10.2

443

1,021

100.0

77

7.5

63
423

100.0
100.0

2
51

227

100.0

1,843

2.0
5.8
0.8

25,378
47
47

21.1
11.3
12.2

25

1.2

462

73.2

19

3.1

785

76.9

13

3.9
12.1

48
242

75.8
57.2

7

2.9

167

100.0

77

4.2

337

100.0

5

462

100.0

84

Has Savings
Account

Number
(1000s)

1,851
9
20

1.5
2.1
5.1

106,509
357
344

88.5
85.2
88.6

83,331
333
300

69.2
79.4
77.2

21.9

47

2.2

1,830

86.8

1,393

66.1

73

12.1

8

1.3

516

85.4

465

76.9

1.3

135

13.2

11

1.1

922

90.3

798

78.2

3
9

4.3
2.0

9
114

14.9
26.9

1
7

1.0
1.7

57
356

90.7
84.1

51
251

80.2
59.2

73.6

1

0.5

47

20.5

6

2.5

214

94.1

168

74.1

1,425

77.3

52

2.8

276

15.0

13

0.7

1,709

92.7

1,477

80.1

1.6

276

82.0

7

2.0

44

13.2

4

1.2

321

95.2

283

84.1

40

8.6

329

71.1

9

2.0

80

17.4

4

0.9

413

89.4

338

73.1

100.0

1

1.7

68

79.9

-

-

13

15.7

2

2.2

81

95.6

68

80.4

742

100.0

66

8.9

441

59.4

19

2.5

209

28.2

8

1.0

650

87.6

459

61.9

3,429

100.0

294

8.6

2,247

65.5

48

1.4

759

22.1

81

2.4

3,006

87.7

2,295

66.9

823

100.0

84

10.3

476

57.8

23

2.8

203

24.6

37

4.5

679

82.5

499

60.6

909

100.0

77

8.5

599

65.9

23

2.5

196

21.6

14

1.6

798

87.8

621

68.4

222
294
718
2,433

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

20
22
58
239

9.1
7.4
8.1
9.8

169
189
512
1,625

76.3
64.4
71.4
66.8

2
3
37

1.1
0.5
1.5

26
83
132
510

11.5
28.2
18.4
21.0

4
12
23

1.9
1.6
0.9

199
272
645
2,135

89.8
92.6
89.8
87.7

172
189
516
1,661

77.4
64.4
71.8
68.3

974
228
1,762

100.0
100.0
100.0

51
16
188

5.2
7.0
10.7

737
159
1,231

75.7
69.6
69.9

9
9
32

0.9
3.9
1.8

135
41
280

13.8
17.8
15.9

43
4
32

4.4
1.6
1.8

874
200
1,514

89.7
87.5
85.9

745
168
1,263

76.5
73.6
71.7

80
437

100.0
100.0

4
23

5.2
5.3

60
325

75.5
74.3

1
9

1.3
2.1

14
76

17.2
17.3

1
4

0.9
1.0

74
402

92.7
92.0

61
334

76.8
76.4

315
2,215

100.0
100.0

9
264

2.8
11.9

251
1,346

79.8
60.8

2
43

0.8
1.9

36
523

11.3
23.6

17
39

5.3
1.8

287
1,869

91.3
84.4

254
1,389

80.8
62.7

729
600
849
727

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

62
36
85
45

8.5
6.0
10.0
6.2

478
499
589
470

65.6
83.1
69.4
64.6

8
10
15
12

1.1
1.7
1.7
1.7

181
47
158
187

24.8
7.8
18.7
25.7

9
2
13

1.4
0.2
1.8

659
545
748
660

90.4
90.9
88.1
90.8

486
509
604
482

66.7
84.8
71.2
66.3

330

100.0

26

7.8

139

42.1

7

2.2

151

46.0

6

1.8

292

88.7

146

44.4

4,353

100.0

421

9.7

2,837

65.2

42

1.0

1,004

23.1

49

1.1

3,848

88.4

2,879

66.1

571
254
567
2,285

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

48
3
63
206

8.4
1.0
11.1
9.0

356
214
309
1,236

62.4
84.2
54.4
54.1

13
21

2.3
0.9

167
35
172
774

29.2
13.8
30.2
33.9

3
11
48

1.0
1.9
2.1

522
249
480
2,023

91.6
98.0
84.7
88.6

356
214
322
1,257

62.4
84.2
56.7
55.0

627

100.0

68

10.8

447

71.3

3

0.6

100

15.9

9

1.5

546

87.1

450

71.8

of

Unbanked

and

Pct of
Row

Has Checking
Account

Pct of
Row

2011 FDIC National Survey

Pct of
Row

Memo Items
Banked, but
Account Type
Unknown

Underbanked Households • September 2012

Pct of Number
Row (1000s)

Pct of
Row

138

Table D-5 2011 Household Bank Account Type by MSA (continued)
Bank Account Type

All Households
Geography
Minneapolis-St PaulBloomington,
MN-WI^
Nashville-DavidsonMurfreesboro, TN^
New Haven, CT
New Orleans-MetairieKenner, LA
New York-Northern
New Jersey-Long
Island, NY-NJ-PA^
Oklahoma City, OK
Omaha-Council Bluffs,
NE-IA
Orlando, FL
Philadelphia-CamdenWilmington,
PA-NJ-DE
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
Pittsburgh, PA
Portland-South Portland, ME
Portland-VancouverBeaverton, OR-WA^
Providence-Fall RiverWarwick, MA-RI
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Reno-Sparks, NV
Richmond, VA^
Riverside-San
Bernardino, CA
Rochester, NY
Sacramento-ArdenArcade Roseville,
CA
Salt Lake City, UT^
San Antonio, TX
San Diego-CarlsbadSan Marcos, CA
San FranciscoOakland-Fremont,
CA
San Jose-SunnyvaleSanta Clara, CA
Seattle-TacomaBellevue, WA
Sioux Falls, SD
St. Louis, MO-IL^
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Tulsa, OK^
Virginia BeachNorfolk-Newport
News, VA-NC^
Washington-ArlingtonAlexandria,
DC-VA-MD-WV^
Wichita, KS

Number
(1000s)

Unbanked
Households

Pct of Number
Row (1000s)

Pct of
Row

Memo Items
Banked, but
Account Type
Unknown

Checking and
Savings Account Checking Account
Savings Accounts
Only
Only
Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Has Checking
Account

Pct of
Row

Number
(1000s)

Has Savings
Account

Pct of Number
Row (1000s)

Pct of
Row

1,350

100.0

70

5.2

997

73.8

30

2.2

236

17.5

17

1.3

1,237

91.6

1,026

76.0

603

100.0

57

9.5

400

66.4

4

0.7

137

22.7

4

0.7

537

89.1

404

67.1

224
507

100.0
100.0

11
63

4.8
12.4

157
308

70.1
60.7

6
9

2.7
1.7

49
112

21.8
22.2

1
15

0.6
3.0

206
423

91.8
83.4

163
317

72.8
62.5

7,191

100.0

700

9.7

5,047

70.2

140

1.9

1,203

16.7

101

1.4

6,265

87.1

5,187

72.1

529
338

100.0
100.0

49
14

9.3
4.2

330
257

62.4
76.2

10
2

2.0
0.5

118
59

22.3
17.6

21
5

4.0
1.5

448
317

84.7
93.8

340
259

64.4
76.8

791
2,359

100.0
100.0

59
183

7.4
7.8

561
1,628

70.9
69.0

9
39

1.1
1.6

117
489

14.8
20.7

45
20

5.8
0.8

678
2,127

85.7
90.2

569
1,666

72.0
70.7

1,710

100.0

181

10.6

1,255

73.4

21

1.2

240

14.0

13

0.8

1,495

87.4

1,276

74.6

1,004
146

100.0
100.0

34
6

3.4
4.0

634
114

63.2
78.1

19
3

1.9
1.8

291
21

28.9
14.4

26
2

2.6
1.7

925
136

92.1
93.0

654
117

65.1
79.9

858

100.0

26

3.1

691

80.6

4

0.5

136

15.8

-

-

827

96.4

696

81.1

523

100.0

40

7.6

362

69.1

14

2.6

98

18.8

10

1.9

460

87.9

375

71.7

470
175
522
1,384

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

12
19
31
176

2.6
10.9
6.0
12.7

336
136
341
800

71.6
77.6
65.4
57.8

7
20
18

1.5
3.7
1.3

105
17
117
356

22.4
9.9
22.5
25.7

9
3
13
33

1.9
1.6
2.5
2.4

445
153
468
1,163

94.8
87.5
89.7
84.1

343
136
360
818

73.1
77.6
69.1
59.1

461
827

100.0
100.0

18
44

3.9
5.4

329
623

71.4
75.4

7

0.9

102
139

22.1
16.9

12
13

2.6
1.5

439
771

95.3
93.2

329
631

71.4
76.3

422
791
1,090

100.0
100.0
100.0

19
123
49

4.4
15.5
4.5

339
477
875

80.3
60.3
80.3

4
36
5

1.0
4.5
0.5

53
144
120

12.5
18.3
11.0

7
11
41

1.7
1.4
3.7

392
621
999

92.8
78.5
91.7

343
513
880

81.3
64.8
80.7

1,853

100.0

108

5.9

1,430

77.2

39

2.1

256

13.8

20

1.1

1,685

91.0

1,468

79.3

694

100.0

17

2.4

563

81.2

3

0.5

102

14.7

9

1.3

665

95.9

571

82.2

1,464

100.0

59

4.0

1,246

85.1

7

0.5

139

9.5

13

0.9

1,385

94.6

1,253

85.6

102
1,140
1,298

100.0
100.0
100.0

5
111
77

5.2
9.7
6.0

78
763
925

76.8
66.9
71.2

2
14
13

1.7
1.3
1.0

16
242
265

16.0
21.2
20.4

10
18

0.9
1.4

94
1,005
1,190

92.7
88.1
91.7

80
777
942

78.5
68.2
72.6

430
626

100.0
100.0

50
36

11.7
5.8

290
463

67.3
73.9

4
16

1.0
2.6

80
95

18.7
15.2

5
15

1.3
2.5

370
561

86.0
89.5

294
479

68.3
76.6

2,148

100.0

100

4.6

1,580

73.6

12

0.6

417

19.4

39

1.8

1,997

92.9

1,593

74.2

229

100.0

34

14.8

126

55.1

3

1.4

62

27.2

3

1.5

188

82.3

131

57.2

Notes:
Figures do not always reconcile to totals because of rounding.
- = For this table cell there were so few sample respondents (in some cases zero) reporting that the estimated universe proportion round to 0.0 percent. It is estimated that the true value is only slightly greater than zero.
^ For the MSA results presented in this table, response data may not be included for a few of the smaller counties included in the official MSA definitions prepared by OMB.

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

139

Appendix E — FDIC Technical Notes

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Underbanked Households • September 2012

140

The data for this report were collected through a Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-sponsored
Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement to the Current
Population Survey (CPS) for June 2011. The CPS is a
monthly survey of about 54,000 interviewed households
conducted by the US Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS). The survey is based on a scientific
sample that represents the US civilian, non-institutionalized population, aged 15 or older.

feedback gathered from each round.2 The 2011 survey
instrument underwent an expert review process by the US
Census Bureau. For a detailed description of the revisions,
see Appendix F (Revisions to the 2011 Survey Instrument). Because of changes in the questionnaire, direct
comparisons between 2009 and 2011 estimates are limited
and in some instances not possible.

The CPS is the primary source of information on the labor
force characteristics of the US population, including
employment, unemployment, and earnings statistics. The
CPS results include a variety of demographic characteristics, such as age, sex, race, marital status, and educational
attainment. Additional information about the CPS is
provided in the Census Bureau’s Technical Paper 66,
Design and Methodology of the CPS, available at
http://www.census.gov/cps/.

All households that participated in the June 2011 CPS
were eligible to participate in the Unbanked/Underbanked
Supplement. However, only households whose respondents specified that they had some level of participation
in their household finances and also responded “Yes” or
“No” to whether someone in their household had a bank
account (survey supplement Question 2, or Q2) were
considered survey respondents.3 CPS household respondents who did not answer or answered “don’t know” to
Q2, or who did not participate in their household financial decisions (or refused to answer) were asked no further
questions and were classified as nonrespondents for the
supplement. This definition of supplement respondent is
different from the one used in the 2009 FDIC Survey of
Unbanked and Underbanked Households report. In 2009,
a respondent was required only to answer “yes” or “no” to
whether the households had an account in order to be
considered a survey respondent. The revised 2009 estimates presented in this report use the 2011 definition of
respondent so that the estimates are comparable to the
2011 results. It is worth noting that the revised 2009 estimates are not materially different from those in the 2009
report.

The CPS is a state-based design in that separate samples
are selected from each state, so that states serve as the
primary sampling strata. The sample sizes for each state
are set so that specific precision requirements for estimating unemployment rates will be met.1 The sample design
ensures that most of the households in a given state have
the same probability of being selected, though in general,
household selection probabilities will vary across states.
Because the CPS design is state-based, most of the estimates for the Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement should
be precise at the state level and for some sub-state areas
(e.g., large metropolitan statistical areas [MSAs]).
Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement
The Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement was conducted
in June 2011. This was the second time this survey had
been conducted. The first Unbanked/Underbanked
Supplement was conducted in January 2009. The primary
purpose of the supplement is to estimate the percentage of
US households that are “unbanked” and “underbanked”
and to identify the reasons why. The supplement survey
instrument used in 2011, attached as Appendix G,
included approximately 40 questions designed to provide
this information. The 2011 survey instrument is similar to
the 2009 survey instrument that the FDIC developed with
the expertise of a national consulting firm, which specializes in public opinion research, as well as input from the
Census Bureau’s Demographic Surveys Division and BLS.
The 2009 survey instrument underwent four rounds of
cognitive field pre-testing and was revised to address the

The precision targets that are the basis for the sample design of the
CPS are provided on pp.3–1 in Chapter 3 of the US Census Bureau’s
Technical Paper 66, available at http://www.census.gov/prod/2006pubs/
tp-66.pdf.
1

2011 FDIC National Survey

of

Unbanked

and

Eligibility and Exclusions

Demographic characteristics, such as race, age, education,
and employment, associated with a respondent household
for the supplement are those reported for the householder/
reference person (i.e., a person who owns or rents the
home, as designated by the respondent). These demographic characteristics were used in preparing report estimates and tables.

The goal of each round was to determine respondents’ comprehension
of each question, test the flow of the questions, find major recall difficulties, ascertain the sensitivity or inappropriateness of any questions, and
gauge the operational feasibility of the supplement. No changes to the
survey were recommended following the fourth round of testing.
2

Respondents involved in their household finances include respondents
in households where adults have separate finances or in households
where the respondent was the only adult in the household. For households where adults share finances or have a mix of shared and separate
finances, respondents were asked to specify how much they participated
in their household financial decisions. Only those who reported having at
least some level of participation were considered to be involved in their
household finances.
3

Underbanked Households • September 2012

141

Coverage and Response Rates
The target universe for the CPS is all civilian non-institutionalized persons (aged 15 or older) residing in the 50
states and the District of Columbia. To reach this
universe, a list (sampling frame) of about 110 million
households was developed from the Master Address File
used for the 2000 Census, plus three additional frame
sources (group quarters, area canvassing, and building
permits).
For the June 2011 CPS, a statistical sample of approximately 58,900 survey-eligible households was selected
from the sampling frame. Of these, about 53,700 households participated in the CPS, resulting in a 91.2 percent
response rate. There were about 5,200 nonrespondent
households. Most of these nonrespondents either refused
to participate (59 percent of nonrespondents) or were not
home at the time of the interview visit or call (23
percent). The remaining 18 percent consisted of households where (a) the household respondent was temporarily
absent, (b) the household could not be located, (c)
language barriers prevented the interview, or (d) “other”
reasons. Because of the availability of translators for many
languages, only 0.5 percent of the nonrespondents (25
households) did not participate as a result of language
barriers.
About 44,900 (84 percent) of the 53,700 households
participating in the CPS also participated in the
Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement.4 The supplement
survey response rates vary by demographic groups, ranging
from 79 percent to 86 percent.
Coverage ratios for the CPS are derived as a measure of
the percentage of persons in the target universe (civilian
non-institutionalized persons aged 15 or older in the
United States) who are included in the sampling frame.5
The overall coverage ratio for the June 2011 CPS was 87
percent. The missing 13 percent consists of three groups:
(1) persons residing in households not in the CPS
sampling frame, (2) non-institutionalized persons not
residing in households at the time the CPS was
conducted, and (3) household residents not listed as
household members for the CPS for various reasons. The
coverage ratios varied across demographic groups. For
example, the coverage ratio was 88 percent for whites, 81
percent for blacks, and 85 percent for Hispanics.

4
Taking into account the nonresponse to basic CPS questions, the overall response rate for the Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement was 76
percent.
5
The coverage ratio is the weighted number of persons in a demographic group (after weights are adjusted to account for household
nonresponse) divided by an independent count of persons in that demographic group (obtained from the 2000 Census with updates based on the
American Community Survey).

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The weights calculated by the Census Bureau for the CPS
and the Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement respondents
were adjusted to account for both nonresponse and undercoverage. These weight adjustments help correct any
biases in estimates because of nonresponse and undercoverage, so that results from the CPS are “representative” of
the civilian, non-institutionalized US population, aged 15
and older.6
Analysis of Supplement Survey Results
Using supplement survey results, households were classified as “unbanked” if they answered “no” to the question,
“Do you or does anyone in your household currently have
a checking or savings account?” Households answering
“yes” to this question were classified as “underbanked” if
they indicated that they had used at least one of the
following alternative financial servicea: non-bank money
orders, non-bank check-cashing services, non-bank remittances, payday loans, rent-to-own services, pawn shops, or
refund anticipation loans, at least once in the last 12
months. Note that the 2011 definition of “underbanked”
has been revised from the 2009 definition to include
households that used non-bank remittances in the last
year. The 2011 underbanked definition was also modified
to include only households that used a refund anticipation
loan in the last year, as opposed to in the last five years as
defined in the 2009 report. Consequently, 2011 underbanked estimates are not directly comparable to 2009 estimates (see Box 2 on page 19).
The estimated proportion of US households that are
unbanked was derived by dividing the sum of the weights
of the household respondents who were identified as being
unbanked by the sum of the weights of all household
respondents. The same formula was used to estimate the
proportion of US households that are underbanked. For
estimated proportions of unbanked or underbanked households for demographic subgroups, the same computational
approach was used and applied to respondent households
in the subgroup.
In addition to presenting estimated proportions, many of
the tables in this report include estimated numbers of
households (e.g., total households, unbanked households,
or underbanked households). An estimated number of
households for a given category (such as unbanked) is
derived as the sum of the weights of the sample households in that category. For example, for the entire supplement sample of about 44,905 respondent households, the
sum of the household weights is 120,408,000, which
This adjustment is done by introducing three stages of ratio estimation
that adjust weights to align with population control totals (independent
population estimates for various demographic groups). The household
weight is generally taken to be the weight of the householder/reference
person.
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would be an estimate of all US households as of June
2011. However, the Housing and Vacancy Survey,
another survey related to the CPS that uses household
controls to produce household weights, provided an estimate of 112,464,000 as the number of households in June
2011. This difference (120,408,000 vs. 112,464,000) is
because household weights prepared by Census for the
CPS and for this supplement survey are generally taken to
be the reference person weights and are not adjusted to
align with household count controls. Household count
controls were not used to adjust household weights
because the CPS is a person survey rather than a household survey; therefore, universe controls were used only in
the preparation of person weights. As a result, the sum of
household weights shown in our tables for a category tends
to be higher than the actual household count for the
category.
This report also contains a number of tables for which
unbanked percentages and other household statistics are
computed for subgroups defined by a particular economic
or demographic characteristic. The household classification of an economic or demographic variable that is
defined at the person level rather than the household
level (e.g., race, education, or employment status) is based
on the economic or demographic classification of the
householder/reference person (i.e., a person who owns or
rents the home).
The Census Bureau classifies households into different
household types. For instance, a family household is a
household that includes two or more people related by
birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together, along
with any unrelated people who may be residing there.
Detailed definitions regarding household types can be
found in the CPS Glossary available at http://www.census.
gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/mar97/glossary.html.
Households are categorized into racial-ethnic classifications as follows: If the householder is identified as black,
the household is classified as “Black” regardless of whether
the householder is identified as Hispanic or any other
race. If the householder is not identified as black and is
identified as Hispanic, the household is classified as
“Hispanic Non-Black.” If the householder is identified as
white and not any other race and non-Hispanic, then the
household is classified as “White.” All remaining households are classified as “Other.” However, in some national
summary tables, the “Other” category is further disaggregated into “Asian” if the householder is identified as
Asian, “American Indian/Alaskan” if the householder is
identified as American Indian/Alaskan and not Asian,
and “Hawaiian/Pacific Islander” if the householder is identified as Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and not Asian or
American Indian/Alaskan. In these tables, “Other”
consists of the few remaining households in which the
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householder cannot be classified into any of the preceding
groups.
Data analysts should exercise caution when comparing
2009 and 2011 estimates by income categories given that
households with missing information were not treated the
same way in both data sets. In the 2009 data set, about 15
percent of households had missing income information
and were assigned to the “missing” income category.
However, in the 2011 data set, the US Census Bureau
imputed income data to households for which this information was missing. Except when making comparisons to
2009, the 2011 results use imputed income to classify
household income. When comparing to 2009 results, 2011
respondent households with missing income are assigned
to a “missing” income category.
The counties included in some of the MSAs selected for
the CPS do not correspond exactly to the counties
included for these MSAs in the official definitions
prepared by the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) for two reasons.
First, in redesigning the CPS in a timely manner to incorporate results from the 2000 Decennial Census, the
Census Bureau had to project revised MSA definitions
prior to the release of the official OMB definitions in
2003. Therefore, in some cases, the Census Bureau
included one or two counties in an MSA for the CPS that
were not subsequently included in the official definition of
the MSA. In other cases, the Census Bureau excluded one
or two counties that were subsequently included in the
official definitions of an MSA. In the latter case, the data
for the MSA in the CPS (and in the Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement) will not include any responses for
one or two of the counties that are a part of the official
definition of the MSA.7
Second, since the CPS is a state-based design, MSAs that
include counties in more than one state are subdivided
into their respective state components for sampling
purposes. Therefore, for some multi-state MSAs, the counties belonging to one or two of the states were not selected
for the CPS sample, even though the counties making up
the other portion of the MSA were selected. The larger
portions are usually included in the CPS since they would
be selected with certainty for their state sample because of
their size (i.e., those larger portions would be “self-representing”). In addition, for some multi-state MSAs, the
part of the MSA contained in a given state is selected for
the CPS sample but cannot be identified as belonging to
the MSA (for confidentiality reasons) because it contains
fewer than 100,000 people. In such cases, the respondents
In the former case, data for any counties that were not subsequently
included in the official definition of an MSA are coded as
non-metropolitan.
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in that state usually would be identified as belonging to a
metropolitan area, but the specific MSA would not be
identified.
Statistical Precision of Estimates
Standard errors were calculated for certain Unbanked/
Underbanked Supplement Report estimates to indicate
the precision of these estimates. For example, the standard
error can be used to compute a 95 percent confidence
interval for a survey estimate (this is generally computed
as the estimate plus or minus two times the standard
error). If the survey estimate of interest is a difference
between estimates for different groups, the estimated standard error of the difference can be used to determine
whether the observed difference is “statistically significant.” Differences discussed in this report are significant at
the 10 percent level of significance. That is, if there was
no difference in the true universe values of the two sample
estimates being compared, the probability of obtaining
sample estimates having this observed difference or a
larger difference would be no more than 10 percent, and
could be considerably less.
The standard errors presented in the full report on the
FDIC’s Unbanked/Underbanked Supplement were calculated based on the variation of a survey estimate across a
set of 160 sample replicates provided by the Census
Bureau. Details of the calculation of standard errors based
on sample replicates (and on the CPS methodology in
general) are available from the Census Bureau.8
For an estimated difference between a universe quantity
for the 2009 and 2011 Unbanked/Underbanked surveys
(such as the difference between the number of unbanked
households), the derivation of the standard error of such
an estimated difference was based on the fact that estimates from the 2009 and 2011 surveys are independent.
Therefore, the standard error of the estimated difference is
the square root of the sum of the variances of the two
separate estimates. Sample estimates of these variances,
based on the use of the set of 160 replicates as described
above, were used to estimate the standard error of a difference of estimates between the two years. The significance
of any observed difference between estimates from the two
years is assessed based on the estimated standard error of
the difference.

For a detailed description of the methodology used to calculate standard errors using replicates, see US Census Bureau Technical Paper No.
66, Chapter 14, available at http://www.census.gov/prod/2006pubs/tp-66.
pdf.
8

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Appendix F — Revisions to the FDIC
National Survey of Unbanked and
Underbanked Households

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The 2011 survey instrument is similar to the 2009 survey,
however, there are important differences. Changes were
made to improve the data collected about the reasons
households do not have a bank account, include non-bank
remittances, and provide more accuracy regarding the
timeframes for the use of alternative financial services
(AFS). Also, although the revised survey does not deviate
in intent or content from the 2009 survey, changes were
made to streamline the questionnaire based on lessons
learned from the 2009 survey. Finally, the survey language
was improved for clarity and consistency.
Because of differences in the 2009 and 2011 surveys,
certain 2011 estimates, such as the proportion of underbanked households, the timeframes for AFS use, and the
reasons for being unbanked, are not comparable to 2009
estimates.
Specific revisions to the 2011 survey are as follows:

A. Banking Status and Account Type (Q1–Q6)
• Questions were added to identify which members of
the household have bank accounts (Q2a) and the
types of accounts (Q2b).
• Questions were deleted regarding whether the household is in the process of opening a bank account
(2009 Survey Q5), who closed the account (2009
Survey Q6), and when the household is likely to open
an account (2009 Survey Q13). Banking status questions (Q2, Q2a, and Q2b) were moved and asked
after the questions regarding the respondent’s participation in the household’s finances (Q1, Q1a) to
improve the flow of the questionnaire.

B. Reasons For Not Having a Bank Account
(Q5–Q6f)
This series of questions was streamlined to first ask for one
“main” reason why a household does not have an account.
This question allowed respondents to choose from a broad
range of reasons (Q5); subsequently, some respondents
were asked for more detailed information regarding their
reasons for being unbanked within the category selected
(Q6a–Q6f).
In contrast, the 2009 survey split the questions about
reasons for not having an account into two sets: reasons
for closing an account (2009 Survey Q7a–Q10a) and
reasons for not ever having an account (2009 Survey
Q7b–Q10b). Within each set, reasons were grouped into
three types: customer service (2009 Survey Q7), financial
(2009 Survey Q8), and other reasons (2009 Survey Q9).
Respondents were asked to check all reasons that applied
within each type and were later asked to indicate the

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main reason among all the reasons they selected in the
previous questions.
The current version provides a clearer and more straightforward approach to capturing the reasons for being
unbanked.

C. Likelihood of Opening a Bank Account
(Q7–Q8)
In the 2011 survey, households that reported being “very
likely” or “somewhat likely” to open a bank account (Q7)
were asked why they would open an account. However, in
2009, only households that reported being “very likely” to
open an account in the future were asked why they would
do so.

D. Use of Alternative Financial Services (AFS)
(Q9–Q39)
• Questions regarding the use of AFS were revised to
consistently capture the following information for
AFS:
• Whether AFS have ever been used. This question
was also asked in 2009.
• Whether AFS were used in the last 12 months. The
2009 survey asked how many times a year AFS
were used.
• Whether the AFS were used in the last 30 days. This
is a new question added for all AFS, except for
refund anticipation loans and rent-to-own stores.
• The number of times that the AFS were used in the
last 30 days. This is a new question added for all
AFS, except for refund anticipation loans and
rent-to-own stores.
• Reasons for using the AFS. Answer options were
slightly revised for some AFS, and “Do not trust
banks” was added as an option.
• Non-bank international remittances were added as
additional AFS (Q20–Q24).
• A question on non-bank money orders was added to
capture whether these were purchased in a post office
in the last 30 days (Q18).

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Appendix G — Survey Instrument

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OMB No. 3064-0167
Expiration Date: 02/28/2014

FDIC Household Survey of the Unbanked and Underbanked

INTRODUCTION
Next, I’d like to ask you some questions about household finances.
1. Which of the following best describes your household’s finances?
(Read Responses 1-3.)
 The adults have shared finances
 The adults have some shared finances and some
separate finances
 The adults have separate finances even though we
share living space
 I am the only adult in the household (Volunteered)
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(CONTINUE)
(SKIP TO Q2)
(SKIP TO Q2)
(CONTINUE)

1a. How much do you participate in making financial decisions for your household, a lot, some or not
at all?
 A lot
(CONTINUE)
 Some
(CONTINUE)
 Not at all
(CONTINUE)
 DK/Refused
(CONTINUE)
2. Do you or does anyone in your household currently have a checking or savings account?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO Q3)
 DK/Refused
(TERMINATE)
2a. Who is that? (Enter Line Number)
 1-16
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(SKIP TO Q9)

2b. What type or types of accounts do you and each of your household members have? (Ask this
question for each adult (15 years of age and older) individual of the household)
 Only checking accounts
(SKIP TO Q9)
 Only savings accounts
(SKIP TO Q9)
 Or both checking and savings accounts
(SKIP TO Q9)
 Other (Volunteered)
(SKIP TO Q9)
 DK/Refused
The remainder of the survey will not be administered to individuals who do not
participate in household’s financial decision making. The survey will terminate here if the
interviewee’s response to Q1a is “Not at all” or “DK/Refused.”

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3. Have you or anyone in your household ever had a checking or savings account?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO INTRO Q5)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO INTRO Q5)
Q4 is asked to those households that were previously banked, but closed their deposit account with a
bank.
4. When was the last time you or anyone in your household had a checking or savings account, was it –
within the last year or more than 1 year ago?
 Within the last year
(CONTINUE)
 More than 1 year ago
(CONTINUE)
 DK/Refused
(CONTINUE)
Q5- Q6f apply to all unbanked households and relate to reasons why the household does not have an
account.
5. What is the main reason why no one in your household has an account? (Read responses 1 to 10.
Mark only one.).
 a. Previously had an account but the bank closed it
(SKIP TO Q6a)
 b. Can’t open an account due to ID, credit, or banking history problems
(SKIP TO Q6b)
 c. Banks do not have convenient hours or locations
(SKIP TO Q6c)
 d. Bank account fees or minimum balance requirements are too high
(SKIP TO Q6d)
 e. Banks do not offer the needed products or services
(SKIP TO Q6e)
 f. Don’t like dealing with and/or don’t trust banks
(SKIP TO Q6f)
 g. Do not have enough money
(SKIP TO Q7)
 h. Do not know how to open or manage an account
(SKIP TO Q7)
 i. Do not need or want an account
(SKIP TO Q7)
 j. Was there some other reason? (Specify)
(SKIP TO Q7)
 k. None of the preceding reasons (Volunteered)
(SKIP TO Q7)
 l. DK/Refused
(Q6a- Q6f drill down on specific reasons for response to Q5)
(Only ask if response “a” in Q5 was selected)
6a. Did the bank close the account because of too many overdrafts or bounced checks?
 Yes
(SKIP TO Q7)
 No
(SKIP TO Q7)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q7)

(Only ask if response “b” in Q5 was selected)
6b. What is the main reason you or others in your household can’t open an account? (Read responses
1 to 3. Mark only one.)
 Do not have the required identification to open an account
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Bad credit history
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Past banking history problems
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Other reason (Volunteered)
(SKIP TO Q7)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q7)
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(Only ask if response “c” in Q5 was selected)
6c. What is the main reason why banks are inconvenient? (Read responses 1 and 2. Mark only one.)
 Bank has inconvenient hours
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Bank has inconvenient locations
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Other reason (Volunteered)
(SKIP TO Q7)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q7)
(Only ask if response “d” in Q5 was selected)
6d. What fee or balance requirement is the main reason that you or others in your household do not
have an account? (Read responses 1 to 3. Mark only one.)
 Services charges are too high
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Unexpected fees, such as overdraft charges
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Minimum balances are too high
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Other reason (Volunteered)
(SKIP TO Q7)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q7)
(Only ask if response “e” in Q5 was selected)
6e. What is the main product or service needed but not offered by banks? (Read responses 1 to 4.
Mark only one.)
 Banks do not offer check cashing services or money orders.
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Banks do not offer wire transfer (remittance) services.
(SKIP TO Q7)
 It takes too long to get funds from deposited checks
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Cannot borrow money needed from banks
(SKIP TO Q7)
 Other reason (Volunteered)
(SKIP TO Q7)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q7)
(Only ask if response “f” in Q5 was selected)
6f. Can you specify why you or others in your household do not like dealing with and/or don’t trust
banks?
(Read responses 1 to 3. Mark only one.)
 There are language barriers at banks
(CONTINUE)
 Do not trust banks
(CONTINUE)
 Do not feel welcome or comfortable at banks
(CONTINUE)
 Other reason (Volunteered)
(CONTINUE)
 DK/Refused
(CONTINUE)
7. How likely is it that you or someone in your household will open a bank account in the future –
very likely, somewhat likely, not too likely, or not likely at all?
 Very likely
(CONTINUE)
 Somewhat likely
(CONTINUE)
 Not too likely
(SKIP TO Q9)
 Not likely at all
(SKIP TO Q9)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q9)
8. What is the main reason why you or someone in your household would want to open a bank
account? (Read responses 1 through 6. Mark only one.)
 To put money in a safe place
 To be able to write checks and pay bills
 To be able to apply for a loan or mortgage
 To save money for the future
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




To take advantage of direct deposit of paychecks
To send money to family and friends
Other (Specify)
DK/Refused

Q9- Q39 apply to all households, regardless of their banking status.
The next series of questions asks if you or someone in your household has gone to places other
than a bank for financial services. When I use the term bank, I am referring to banks, savings
and loans, credit unions, and brokerage firms.
9. Have you or anyone in your household EVER gone to a place other than a bank to cash a check that
was received from someone else?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO Q14)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q14)
10. In the past 12 months, did you or anyone in your household go to a place other than a bank to cash
a check received from someone else?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO Q13)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q13)
11. Did you or anyone in your household do this in the past 30 days?
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(SKIP TO Q13)
(SKIP TO Q13)

12. How many times did this happen in the past 30 days?
About __________times in the past 30 days.
 DK/Refused
13. What was the main reason for going to a place other than a bank to cash a check received from
someone else? (Read responses 1 through 8. Mark only one.)
 Banks don’t cash checks
 To get money faster
 The place to cash checks has more convenient hours or location
 A bank charges more to cash checks
 The place to cash checks asks for fewer IDs.
 The place to cash checks feels more comfortable than a bank
 Don’t have a bank account
 Do not trust banks
 Other (Specify)
 DK/Refused
14. Have you or anyone in your household EVER gone to a place other than a bank to purchase a
money order?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO Q20)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q20)
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15. In the past 12 months, did you or anyone in your household go to a place other than a bank to
purchase a money order ?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO Q19)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q19)
16. Did you or anyone in your household do this in the past 30 days?
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(SKIP TO Q19)
(SKIP TO Q19)

17. How many times did this happen in the past 30 days?
About __________times in the past 30 days.
 DK/Refused
18. In the past 30 days, did you or anyone in your household purchase a money order in a Post Office?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(CONTINUE)
 DK/Refused
CONTINUE)
19. What was the main reason for going to a place other than a bank to purchase a money order? (Read
responses 1 through 6. Mark only one.)
 Banks do not sell money orders
 The place to purchase money orders has more convenient hours or location
 A bank charges more for money orders
 The place to purchase money orders feels more comfortable than a bank
 Don’t have a bank account
 Do not trust banks
 Other (Specify)
 DK/Refused
20. Have you or anyone in your household EVER gone to a place other than a bank to give or send
money to relatives or friends living outside the U.S.?
Please include all money for gifts or loans. Read if necessary: Friends are people you know
personally (are acquainted with). Do NOT include money for charities or other organizations or
groups.
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(SKIP TO Q25)
(SKIP TO Q25)

21. In the past 12 months, did you or anyone in your household go to a place other than a bank to give
or send money to relatives or friends living outside the U.S.?
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(SKIP TO Q24)
(SKIP TO Q24)

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22. Have you or anyone in your household done this in the past 30 days?
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(SKIP TO Q24)
(SKIP TO Q24)

23. How many times did this happen in the past 30 days?
About __________times in the past 30 days.
 DK/Refused
24. What was the main reason for going to a place other than a bank to give or send money to relatives
or friends living outside the U.S? (Read responses 1 through 7. Mark only one.)
 Banks don’t send money abroad
 The money gets there faster
 The place to give or send money has more convenient hours or location
 A bank charges more to send money abroad
 The place to give or send money feels more comfortable than a bank
 Don’t have a bank account
 Do not trust banks
 Other (Specify)
 DK/Refused
25. Have you or anyone in your household EVER taken out a payday loan?
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(SKIP TO Q29)
(SKIP TO Q29)

26. In the past 12 months, did you or anyone in your household have a payday loan?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO Q28)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q28)
27. Did you or anyone in your household have a payday loan in the past 30 days?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(CONTINUE)
 DK/Refused
(CONTINUE)
28. What was the main reason for using a payday lender rather than a bank? (Read responses 1
through 6. Mark only one.)
 Banks don’t make small dollar loans
 The place to get payday loans has more convenient hours or location
 It is easier or faster to get a payday loan than to qualify for a bank loan
 The place to get payday loans feels more comfortable than a bank
 Don’t qualify for a bank loan
 Do not trust banks
 Other (Specify)
 DK/Refused
29. Have you or anyone in your household EVER pawned an item at a pawn shop because cash was
needed, and not just to sell an unwanted item?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
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 No
 DK/Refused

(SKIP TO Q33)
(SKIP TO Q33)

30. In the past 12 months, have you or anyone in your household pawned an item because cash was
needed? Again, do not count selling unwanted items.
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO Q32)
 DK/Refused
(SKIP TO Q32)
31. Have you or anyone in your household done this in the past 30 days?
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refused

(CONTINUE)
(CONTINUE)
(CONTINUE)

32. What was the main reason for pawning an item rather than getting a loan from a bank? Again, do
not count selling unwanted items. (Read responses 1 through 6. Mark only one.)
 Banks don’t make small dollar loans
 The pawn shop has more convenient hours or location
 It is easier and faster to get money from a pawn shop than to qualify for a bank loan
 The pawn shop feels more comfortable than a bank
 Don’t qualify for a bank loan
 Do not trust banks
 Other (Specify)
 DK/Refused
33. Have you or anyone in your household EVER taken out a tax refund anticipation loan?
 Yes
 No
(SKIP TO Q35)
 DK/refused
(SKIP TO Q35)
34. Have you or anyone in your household taken one out in the past 12 months?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(CONTINUE)
 DK/refused
(CONTINUE)
35. Have you or anyone in your household EVER rented or leased anything from a rent-to-own store
because it couldn’t be financed any other way?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(SKIP TO Q37)
 DK/refused
(SKIP TO Q37)
36. In the past 12 months, did you or anyone in your household have a rent-to-own agreement?
 Yes
(CONTINUE)
 No
(CONTINUE)
 DK/Refused
(CONTINUE)
Q37 is only asked if respondent indicated that they have used AFS credit services (pay day loans,
pawn shop loans, tax refund anticipation loans, or rent- to-own credit agreements) within the last
12 months (Q26, Q29, Q33 or Q35)
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37. Thinking about the past 12 months, what was the MAIN reason you or anyone in your household
needed to get a payday loan, a tax refund anticipation loan, a rent-to–own credit agreement, or pawn an
item? Was it:
(Read responses 1 through 7. Mark only one.) (Note to Interviewer: We want to know what they
used the money for.)
 To make up for job loss or decrease in income
 For basic living expenses
 For house or car repairs or to buy an appliance
 For medical, dental or death expenses
 For school or childcare expenses
 For special gifts or luxuries
 For legal expenses
 Other (Volunteered Specify:________________________________________)
 Offered multiple reasons – would not pick 1 main reason (Volunteered)
 DK/Refused
38. Do you or anyone in your household receive payment for wages by having the employer deposit
the salary onto a payroll card instead of paying by cash, check, or direct deposit?
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refused
Now I have a question about pre-paid debit cards that may have logos such as MasterCard,
VISA, Discover or American Express. These cards are not linked to a checking or savings
account. You can keep adding money onto this card and use it to make purchases and pay bills
anywhere credit cards are accepted or withdraw the cash from an ATM. I am not talking about
phone cards, gift cards for a particular store or service or cards that you cannot add more funds
onto.
39. Have you or anyone in your household EVER used pre-paid cards such as those I have
described?
 Yes
 No
 DK/Refuse

ESTIMATED REPORTING BURDEN
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 10 minutes per response. Send comments
regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this
burden, to the Paper Reduction Act Clearance Officer, Legal Division, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 550 17th
Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20429; and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (30640072), Washington, D.C. 20503. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a
collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.

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