TIMSS Science Teacher Questionnaire - Grade 8

Identification Label

DRAFT

Teacher Name:
Class Name:
Teacher ID:
Teacher Link #:
OMB # to go here

TIMSS 2011
Field Test Version

Teacher
Questionnaire
Science

Grade 8
National Center for Education Statistics
U.S. Department of Education
1990 K St., NW
Washington, DC 20006

Teacher Questionnaire
Your school has agreed to participate in TIMSS 2011

NCES is authorized to collect information from

(Trends in International Mathematics and Science

this questionnaire under the Education Sciences

Study), an educational research project sponsored

Reform Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-279, Section

by the International Association for the Evaluation

153). You do not have to provide the information

of Educational Achievement (IEA). TIMSS measures

requested. However, the information you provide

trends in student achievement in mathematics and

will help the U.S. Department of Education’s ongoing

systems in more than 60 countries in order to help

system in the United States compares to that in other

improve teaching and learning worldwide.

countries. There are no penalties should you choose

This questionnaire is addressed to teachers of
eighth-grade students, and seeks information

not to participate in this study. Your answers may be
used only for statistical purposes and may not be

about teachers’ academic and professional
backgrounds, classroom resources, instructional

purpose (Public Law 107-279, Section 183 and Title V,

practices, and attitudes toward teaching. Since your

subtitle A of the E-Government Act of 2002 (P.L.

class has been selected as part of a nationwide

107-347)). Your responses will be combined with

sample, your responses are very important in helping

those from other participants to produce summary

to describe secondary education in the United States.

statistics and reports.

Some of the questions in the questionnaire refer

This survey is estimated to take an average of 30

to the “TIMSS class” or “this class”. This is the class that

minutes, including time for reviewing instructions,

is identified on the front of this booklet, and which

and completing and reviewing the collection of

will be tested as part of TIMSS in your school. If you

information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor,

teach some but not all of the students in the TIMSS

and a person is not required to respond to, a collec-

class, please think only of the students that you teach

tion of information unless it displays a currently valid

when answering these class-specific questions. It is

OMB control number. Send comments regarding this

important that you answer each question carefully

burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection

so that the information that you provide reflects your

of information, including suggestions for reducing

situation as accurately as possible.

this burden, to: Stephen Provasnik, National Center

Since TIMSS is an international study and all

for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Educa-

countries are using the same questionnaire, you may

tion, 1990 K Street NW, Room 9034, Washington, DC

find that some of the questions seem unusual or are

20006-5650. Do not return the completed form to

not entirely relevant to you or schools in the United

this address.

States. Nevertheless, it is important that you do your

Thank you.

best to answer all of the questions so comparisons can
be made across countries in the studies.
It is estimated that you will need approximately
30 minutes to complete this questionnaire. We
thank you for your cooperation and contribution.
When you have completed the questionnaire,
please place it in the accompanying envelope and
return it to the school coordinator.

TIMSS 2011

About You

1

5
By the end of this school year, how many years will
you have been teaching altogether?

During your college or university education,
what was your major or main area(s) of study?
Check one circle for each line.

_____________ years

Yes

Please round to the nearest whole number.

No

O
c) Chemistry ---------------------------------------- O
d) Earth Science ----------------------------------- O
e) Education - Science ------------------------------ O
f) Mathematics ------------------------------------- O
g) Education - Mathematics ------------------------ O
h) Education - Other -------------------------------- O
i) Other --------------------------------------------- O
b) Physics -------------------------------------------

2
Are you female or male?
Check one circle only.

Female --- O
Male --- O

3
How old are you?

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

Check one circle only.

Under 25 --- O
25-29 --- O
30-39 --- O
40-49 --- O
50-59 --- O
60 or more --- O

4
What is the highest level of formal education you
have completed?
Check one circle only.

Did not complete high school -- O
Completed high school -- O
Completed a vocational/technical
certificate after high school -- O
Completed an Associate’s degree (AA)
in vocational/technical program -- O
Completed an Associate’s degree (AA)
or Bachelor’s degree -- O
Completed an academic Master’s degree,
postgraduate certificate program (e.g., teaching)
or first professional degree
(e.g., law, medicine, dentistry) -- O
DRAFT

Completed a doctorate (Ph.D. or Ed.D) -- O

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

2

About Your School

7

6

Thinking about your current school, indicate the
extent to which you agree or disagree with each of
the following statements.

How would you characterize each of the following
within your school?
Check one circle for each line.

Check one circle for each line.

Very high

Agree a lot

High

Agree a little

Medium

Disagree a little

Low

Disagree
a lot

Very
low

a) Teachers’ job
satisfaction -------------------- O

O

O O

O

b) Teachers’ understanding
of the school’s curricular
goals --------------------------- O

O

O O

O

c) Teachers’ degree of
success in implementing
the school’s curriculum -------- O

O

O O

O

d) Teachers’ expectations
for student
achievement ------------------- O

O

O O

O

e) Parental support for
student ac hievement ---------- O

O

O O

O

f) Parental involvement
in school activities ------------- O

O

O O

O

g) Students’ regard for
school property ---------------- O

O

O O

O

h) Students’ desire to do
well in school ------------------ O

O

O O

O

a) This school is located in
a safe neighborhood ---------- O

O
b) I feel safe at this school -------- O O

O O
O O

c) This school’s security policies
and practices are sufficient ---- O

O

O O

d) The students behave in an
orderly manner ---------------- O

O

O O

e) The students are respectful
of the teachers ----------------- O

O

O O

8
In your current school, how severe is each problem?
Check one circle for each line.
Not a problem
Minor problem
Moderate problem
Serious
problem

a) The school building needs
significant repair -------------- O

3

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

O
b) Classrooms are overcrowded -- O O

O O
O O

c) Teachers have too many
teaching hours ----------------- O

O

O O

d) Teachers do not have
adequate workspace for
preparation, collaboration,
or meeting with students ----- O

O

O O

e) Teachers do not have
adequate instructional
materials and supplies -------- O

O

O O

DRAFT

About Being a Teacher

9

10
How much do you agree with the following
statements about using computers in your
teaching?

How often do you have the following types of
interactions with other teachers?
Check one circle for each line.

Check one circle for each line.

Never or almost never

Agree a lot

2 or 3 times per month

Agree a little

1-3 times
per week

Disagree a little

Daily or
almost
daily

Disagree
a lot

a) I feel comfortable using
computers in my teaching ---- O
b) When I have technical
problems, I have ready
access to computer
support staff in my school ----- O
c) I receive adequate
support for integrating
computers in my
teaching activities ------------- O

DRAFT

O
O
O

O O
O O
O O

a) Discuss how to teach
a particular topic -------------- O

O

O O

b) Collaborate in planning
and preparing instructional
materials ----------------------- O

O

O O

c) Share what I have
learned about my
teaching experiences ---------- O

O

O O

d) Visit another classroom
to learn more about teaching - O

O

O O

e) Work together to
try out new ideas -------------- O

O

O O

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

4

About Teaching the
Class with the TIMSS Students

11

12
How much do you agree with the following
statements?

How many students are in this class?
_____________ students

Check one circle for each line.

Write in a number.

Agree a lot
Agree a little
Disagree a little
Disagree
a lot

a) I am content with my profession
as a teacher -------------------- O

O

O O

b) I am satisfied with being a
teacher at this school ---------- O

O

O O

c) I had more enthusiasm when
I began teaching than I
have now ---------------------- O

O

O O

d) I do important work as
a teacher ----------------------- O

O

O O

O
f) I am frustrated as a teacher --- O O

O O
O O

e) I plan to continue as a
teacher for as long as I can ---- O

13
How many students experience difficulties
understanding spoken English?
_____________ eighth-grade students in this class
Write in a number.

14
How often do you do the following in teaching this
class?
Check one circle for each line.
Every or almost every lesson
About half the lessons
Some lessons
Never

5

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

a) Summarize what students
should have learned from
the lesson --------------------- O

O

O O

b) Relate the lesson to
current events ----------------- O

O

O O

c) Use questioning to elicit
reasons and explanations ----- O

O

O O

d) Encourage all students to
improve their performance --- O

O

O O

e) Praise students for
good effort -------------------- O

O

O O

f) Bring interesting materials
to class ------------------------- O

O

O O

DRAFT

15

16
In your view, to what extent do the following limit
how you teach this class?

For the typical student in this class, how often do
you do these things?

Check one circle for each line.

Check one circle for each line.

Not applicable

At least once a week

Not at all

Once or twice a month

Some

4-6 times a year
A lot

a) Students lacking
prerequisite knowledge
or skills ------------------------ O

O

O O

b) Students suffering from
lack of basic nutrition --------- O

O

O O

c) Students suffering from
not enough sleep -------------- O

O

O O

O
e) Disruptive s tudents ------------ O O
f) Uninterested s tudents --------- O O

O O
O O
O O

d) Students with special needs
(e.g., physical disabilities,
mental or emotional/
psychological impairment) --- O

DRAFT

1-3 times
a year
Never

a) Meet or talk individually
with the student’s parents
to discuss his/her
learning progress -------------- O

O

O O

O

b) Send home a progress
report on the student’s
learning ----------------------- O

O

O O

O

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

6

Teaching Science to the Class
with the TIMSS students

Questions 17-19 ask about science instruction
for the eighth-grade students in the class
with the TIMSS students.

19
In teaching science to the students in this class, how
often do you usually ask them to do the following?
Check one circle for each line.
Every or almost every lesson
About half the lessons

17

Some lessons

In a typical week, how much time do you spend
teaching science to the students in this class?
___________hours and ___________minutes per week
Write in the hours and minutes.

18
In teaching science to this class, how confident do
you feel to do the following?
Check one circle for each line.
Very confident
Somewhat confident
Not confident

a) Answer students’ questions
about science ------------------ O

7

O

O

b) Explain science concepts
or principles by doing
science experiments ----------- O

O

O

c) Provide challenging tasks
for capable students ----------- O

O

O

d) Adapt my teaching to
engage students’ interest ----- O

O

O

e) Help students appreciate
the value of learning
science ------------------------- O

O

O

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

Never

a) Observe natural phenomena
and describe what they see --- O

O

O O

b) Watch me demonstrate
an experiment or
investigation ------------------- O

O

O O

c) Design or plan experiments
or investigations --------------- O

O

O O

d) Conduct experiments or
investigations ------------------ O

O

O O

e) Read their textbooks or
other resource materials ------ O

O

O O

f) Have students memorize
facts and principles ------------ O

O

O O

g) Use scientific formulas and
laws to solve routine
problems ----------------------- O

O

O O

h) Give explanations about
something they are
studying ----------------------- O

O

O O

O
j) Do field work outside of class - O O
k) Take a written test or quiz ----- O O

O O
O O
O O

i) Relate what they are
learning in science to
their daily lives ---------------- O

DRAFT

Resources for Science
Instruction

Questions 20-21 ask about resources for
teaching science to the eighth-grade students
in the class with the TIMSS students.

21
A. Do the students in this class have computer(s)
available to use during their science lessons?
Check one circle only.

O
No --- O

Yes ---

20
When you teach science to this class, how
often do you use the following resources?
Check one circle for each line.

B. Do any of the computer(s) have access to the
Internet?
Check one circle only.

Basis for instruction
Supplement
Not used

a) Textbooks ---------------------- O

O

O

b) Workbooks or
worksheets -------------------- O

O

O

c) Science equipment and
materials ----------------------- O

O

O

d) Computer software for
science instruction
(e.g., CD, DVD, Internet) ------- O

O

O

e) Reference materials (e.g.,
encyclopedia, dictionary) ----- O

O

O

(If No, go to #22)

O
No --- O

Yes ---

C. How often do you have the students do the
following computer activities?
Check one circle for each line.
Every or almost every day
Once or twice a week
Once or twice a
month
Never or
almost
never

a) Look up ideas and
information -------------------- O

O

O O

b) Use instructional software
to develop and practice
skills and procedures ---------- O

O

O O

c) Do scientific procedures
or experiments ---------------- O

O

O O

O
e) Process and analyze data ------ O O

O O
O O

f) Use the school website for
homework assignments ------- O

O O

d) Study natural phenomena
through simulations ----------- O

DRAFT

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

O

8

Science Topics Taught
Questions 22-23 ask about the topics taught and the content covered in teaching science
to the eighth-grade students in the class with the TIMSS students.

22
The following list includes the main topics addressed by the TIMSS science test. Choose the response that best
describes when the students in this class have been taught each topic. If a topic was taught half this year but not
yet completed, please choose “Mostly taught this year.” If a topic is not in the curriculum, please choose “Not yet
taught or just introduced.”
Check one circle for each line.
Mostly taught before this year
Mostly taught this year
Not yet taught or
just introduced

A. Biology

a) Major organs and organ systems in humans and other organisms (structure/function, life processes that
maintain stable bodily conditions) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O
b) Cells and their functions, including respiration and photosynthesis as cellular processes --------------------------------- O O O
c) Reproduction (sexual and asexual) and heredity (passing on of traits, inherited versus acquired/learned
characteristics) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O
d) Role of variation and adaptation in survival/extinction of species in a changing environment ---------------------------- O O O
e) Interdependence of populations of organisms in an ecosystem (e.g., energy flow, food webs, competition,
predation) and the impact of changes in the physical environment on populations (e.g., climate, water supply) --------

O O O

f) Reasons for increase in world’s human population (e.g., advances in medicine, sanitation), and
the effects of population growth on the environment ----------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O

g) Human health (causes of infectious diseases, methods of infection, prevention, immunity) and the importance
of diet and exercise in maintaining health ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O

B. Chemistry

a) Classification, composition, and particulate structure of matter (elements, compounds, mixtures, molecules,
atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O
b) Solutions (solvent, solute, concentration/dilution, effect of temperature on solubility) ----------------------------------- O O O
c) Properties and uses of common acids and bases ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- O O O

d) Chemical change (transformation of reactants, evidence of chemical change, conservation of matter,
common oxidation reactions – combustion, rusting, tarnishing) ----------------------------------------------------------

9

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

O O O

DRAFT

22
The following list includes the main topics addressed by the TIMSS science test. Choose the response that best
describes when the students in this class have been taught each topic. If a topic was taught half this year but not
yet completed, please choose “Mostly taught this year.” If a topic is not in the curriculum, please choose “Not yet
taught or just introduced.”
Check one circle for each line.
Mostly taught before this year
Mostly taught this year
Not yet taught or
just introduced

C. Physics

a) Physical states and changes in matter (explanations of properties in terms of movement and distance
between particles; phase change, thermal expansion, and changes in volume and/or pressure) -------------------------

O O O
b) Energy forms, transformations, heat, and temperature --------------------------------------------------------------------- O O O
c) Basic properties/behaviors of light (reflection, refraction, light and color, simple ray diagrams)
and sound (transmission through media, loudness, pitch, amplitude, frequency, relative speed of light
and sound) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O

d) Electric circuits (flow of current; types of circuits - parallel/series; current/voltage relationship) and properties
and uses of permanent magnets and electromagnets ----------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O
f) Forces and motion (types of forces, basic description of motion, effects of density and pressure) ------------------------ O O O

D. Earth Science

a) Earth’s structure and physical features (Earth’s crust, mantle and core; composition and relative distribution
of water, and composition of air) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O

b) Earth’s processes, cycles and history (rock cycle; water cycle; weather patterns; major geological events;
formation of fossils and fossil fuels) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O

c) Earth’s resources, their use and conservation (e.g., renewable/nonrenewable resources, human use of
land/soil, water resources) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O

d) Earth in the solar system and the universe (phenomena on Earth - day/night, tides, phases of moon, eclipses,
seasons; physical features of Earth compared to other bodies; the Sun as a star) ------------------------------------------

O O O

DRAFT

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

10

Science Content Coverage

23
By the end of this school year, approximately what
percentage of teaching time will you have spent
during this school year on each of the following
science content areas for the students in this class?
Write in the percentage for each.

a) Biology (e.g., structure/function;
life processes, reproduction/heredity,
natural selection; ecosystems,
human health) ------------------------------------------ _____%
b) Chemistry (e.g., classification,
composition and properties
of matter; chemical change) ---------------------------- _____%
c) Physics (e.g., physical states/
changes in matter; energy;
light; sound; electricity
and magnetism;
forces and motion) -------------------------------------- _____%
d) Earth science (e.g., Earth’s
structure, processes, and resources;
the solar system and universe) ------------------------- _____%
e) Other, please specify:
___________________________ ---------- _____%
Total = 100%

11

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

DRAFT

Science Homework

Question 24 asks about science homework for
the eighth-grade students in the class
with the TIMSS students.

C. How often do you do the following with the
science homework assignments for this class?
Check one circle for each line.
Always or almost always
Sometimes
Never or
almost Never

24
A. How often do you usually assign science
homework to the students in this class?

I do not assign science
homework ---

a) Correct assignments and
give feedback to students ----- O

O

O

Check one circle only.

b) Have students correct
their own homework ---------- O

O

O

O

c) Discuss the homework
in class ------------------------- O

O

O

d) Monitor whether or not the
homework was completed ---- O

O

O

e) Use the homework to
contribute towards
students’ grades or marks ----- O

O

O

(Go to #25)

O
1 or 2 times a week --- O
3 or 4 times a week --- O
Every day --- O

Less than once a week ---

B. When you assign science homework to the
students in this class, about how many minutes
do you usually assign? (Consider the time it would
take an average student in your class.)
Check one circle only.

O
16-30 minutes --- O
31-60 minutes --- O
61-90 minutes --- O
More than 90 minutes --- O
15 minutes or less ---

DRAFT

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

12

Science Assessment

Questions 25-27 ask about science assessment
for the eighth-grade students in the class
with the TIMSS students.

27
How often do you include the following types of
questions in your science tests or examinations?
(Do not include quizzes.)
Check one circle for each line.
Always or almost always
Sometimes

25
How much emphasis do you place on the following
sources to monitor students’ progress in science?

a) Questions based on
knowing facts and concepts --- O

O

O

b) Questions based on the
application of knowledge
and understanding ------------ O

O

O

O

c) Questions involving
developing hypotheses and
designing scientific
investigations ------------------ O

O

O

d) Questions requiring
explanations or
justifications ------------------- O

O

O

Check one circle for each line.
Major emphasis
Some emphasis
Little or no
emphasis

a) Evaluation of students’
ongoing work ------------------ O

O

Never or
almost never

b) Classroom tests (for
example, teacher made or
textbook tests) ---------------- O

O

O

c) State or district
achievement tests ------------- O

O

O

26
How often do you give a science test or examination
to this class? (Do not include quizzes.)
Check one circle only.

O
About every two weeks --- O
About once a month --- O
A few times a year --- O
Never --- O
About once a week ---

13

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

DRAFT

Preparation to Teach Science

28
In the past two years, have you participated
in professional development in any of the
following?
Check one circle for each line.
Yes
No

O O
b) Science pedagogy/instruction ------------------ O O
c) Science curriculum ------------------------------ O O
a) Science content ----------------------------------

d) Integrating information technology
into science --------------------------------------

O O

e) Improving students’ critical thinking or
problem solving skills ---------------------------

O O
f) Science assessment ------------------------------ O O
g) Addressing individual students’ needs ---------- O O

DRAFT

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

14

29
How well prepared do you feel you are to teach the following science topics?
If a topic is not in the curriculum or you are not responsible for teaching this topic you may check “not applicable.”
Check one circle for each line.
Not applicable
Very well prepared
Somewhat
prepared
Not well
prepared

A. Biology

a) Major organs and organ systems in humans and other organisms (structure/function,life processes that
maintain stable bodily conditions) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O
b) Cells and their functions, including respiration and photosynthesis as cellular processes --------------------------------- O O O O
c) Reproduction (sexual and asexual) and heredity (passing on of traits, inherited versus acquired/learned
characteristics) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O
d) Role of variation and adaptation in survival/extinction of species in a changing environment ---------------------------- O O O O
e) Interdependence of populations of organisms in an ecosystem (e.g., energy flow, food webs,
competition, predation) and the impact of changes in the physical environment on populations (e.g.,
climate, water supply) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O

f) Reasons for increase in world’s human population (e.g., advances in medicine, sanitation), and
the effects of population growth on the environment ----------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O

g) Human health (causes of infectious diseases, methods of infection, prevention, immunity) and the importance
of diet and exercise in maintaining health ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O

B. Chemistry

a) Classification, composition, and particulate structure of matter (elements, compounds, mixtures, molecules,
atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O
b) Solutions (solvent, solute, concentration/dilution, effect of temperature on solubility) ----------------------------------- O O O O
c) Properties and uses of common acids and bases ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- O O O O
d) Chemical change (transformation of reactants, evidence of chemical change, conservation of matter,
common oxidation reactions – combustion, rusting, tarnishing) ----------------------------------------------------------

15

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

O O O O

DRAFT

29
How well prepared do you feel you are to teach the following science topics?
If a topic is not in the curriculum or you are not responsible for teaching this topic you may check “not applicable.”
Check one circle for each line.
Not applicable
Very well prepared
Somewhat
prepared
Not well
prepared

C. Physics

a) Physical states and changes in matter (explanations of properties in terms of movement and distance
between particles; phase change, thermal expansion, and changes in volume and/or pressure) -------------------------

O O O O
b) Energy forms, transformations, heat, and temperature --------------------------------------------------------------------- O O O O
c) Basic properties/behaviors of light (reflection, refraction, light and color, simple ray diagrams)
and sound (transmission through media, loudness, pitch, amplitude, frequency, relative speed of light
and sound) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O

d) Electric circuits (flow of current; types of circuits - parallel/series; current/voltage relationship) and properties
and uses of permanent magnets and electromagnets ----------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O
e) Forces and motion (types of forces, basic description of motion, effects of density, and pressure) ------------------------ O O O O
D. Earth Science

a) Earth’s structure and physical features (Earth’s crust, mantle and core; composition and relative distribution
of water, and composition of air) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O

b) Earth’s processes, cycles and history (rock cycle; water cycle; weather patterns; major geological events;
formation of fossils and fossil fuels) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O

c) Earth’s resources, their use and conservation (e.g., renewable/nonrenewable resources, human use of
land/soil, water resources) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O O O O

d) Earth in the solar system and the universe (phenomena on Earth - day/night, tides, phases of moon, eclipses,
seasons; physical features of Earth compared to other bodies; the Sun as a star) ------------------------------------------

O O O O

DRAFT

Grade 8 Teacher Questionnaire

16

[The following questions are national options that will
be added to the questionnaire. They will be formatted
and appropriately placed among the existing items.]

1. Science course currently being taught
Which best describes the science course you are
teaching to the class with the TIMSS students?
Fill in one circle only.
General science (several content areas of science
taught separately) --------------------------------------------- O
Integrated science (several content areas of science
combined and taught together throughout the year) -- O
Life science (e.g., biology, ecosystems, human health) -- O
Physical science (e.g., physics or chemistry) ------------ O
Earth science (e.g., geology, earth and the solar
system, fossils) -------------------------------------------------- O

Thank You
Thank you for the thought, time, and effort you have
put into completing this questionnaire.

TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center
Lynch School of Education, Boston College
timssandpirls.bc.edu

DRAFT

TIMSS 2011
Field Test Version

Teacher
Questionnaire
Science

Grade 8

©2010
International Association
for the Evaluation of
Educational Achievement