Form 4-4B DHQ instrument

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

Diet History Questionnaire

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
•

Answer each question as best you can. Estimate if you are not sure. A guess is
better than leaving a blank.

•

Use only a black ball-point pen. Do not use a pencil or felt-tip pen. Do not fold,
staple, or tear the pages.

•

Put an X in the box next to your answer.

•

If you make any changes, cross out the incorrect answer and put an X in the box
next to the correct answer. Also draw a circle around the correct answer.

•

If you mark NEVER, NO, or DON’T KNOW for a question, please follow any
arrows or instructions that direct you to the next question.

BEFORE TURNING THE PAGE, PLEASE COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
In what month were
you born?

Today's date:
MONTH
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

DAY

YEAR

|___|___|

2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

0
1
2
3

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

In what year were
you born?

19 |___|___|
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Are you male or
female?
Male
Female

BAR CODE LABEL OR SUBJECT ID
HERE

|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
1. Over the past 12 months, how often did you drink
tomato juice or vegetable juice?

Over the past 12 months…

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 2)
1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

1a.

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

4. How often did you drink other fruit drinks (such
as cranberry cocktail, Hi-C, lemonade, or KoolAid, diet or regular)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 5)
1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

Each time you drank tomato juice or
vegetable juice, how much did you usually
drink?
4a.

Less than ¾ cup (6 ounces)
¾ to 1¼ cups (6 to 10 ounces)
More than 1¼ cups (10 ounces)

4b.

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 3)

2a.

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

Each time you drank orange juice or
grapefruit juice, how much did you usually
drink?

5. How often did you drink milk as a beverage
(NOT in coffee, NOT in cereal)? (Please include
chocolate milk and hot chocolate.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 6)
1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

3. Over the past 12 months, how often did you drink
other 100% fruit juice or 100% fruit juice
mixtures (such as apple, grape, pineapple, or
others)?
5a.

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 4)

3a.

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

Each time you drank milk as a beverage,
how much did you usually drink?
Less than 1 cup (8 ounces)
1 to 1½ cups (8 to 12 ounces)
More than 1½ cups (12 ounces)

5b.

Each time you drank other fruit juice or fruit
juice mixtures, how much did you usually
drink?

What kind of milk did you usually drink?
Whole milk
2% fat milk
1 % fat milk
Skim, nonfat, or ½% fat milk
Soy milk
Rice milk
Other

Less than ¾ cup (6 ounces)
¾ to 1½ cups (6 to 12 ounces)
More than 1½ cups (12 ounces)

Question 4 appears in the next column

How often were your fruit drinks diet or
sugar-free drinks?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than ¾ cup (6 ounces)
¾ to 1¼ cups (6 to 10 ounces)
More than 1¼ cups (10 ounces)

1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

Each time you drank fruit drinks, how much
did you usually drink?
Less than 1 cup (8 ounces)
1 to 2 cups (8 to 16 ounces)
More than 2 cups (16 ounces)

2. Over the past 12 months, how often did you drink
orange juice or grapefruit juice?

1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

2

Question 6 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
7d.

Over the past 12 months…
6. How often did you drink meal replacement,
energy, or high-protein beverages such as
Instant Breakfast, Ensure, Slimfast, Sustacal or
others?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 7)
1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

6a.

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

7e.

8. Over the past 12 months, did you drink beer?
NO (GO TO QUESTION 9)
YES

7. Over the past 12 months, did you drink soft
drinks, soda, or pop?
8a.

NO (GO TO QUESTION 8)
YES

1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

NEVER

7b.

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

8b.

How often did you drink beer DURING THE
REST OF THE YEAR?

1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

NEVER

7c.

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

8c.

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

Each time you drank beer, how much did you
usually drink?
Less than a 12-ounce can or bottle
1 to 3 12-ounce cans or bottles
More than 3 12-ounce cans or bottles

Each time you drank soft drinks, soda, or
pop, how much did you usually drink?
Less than 12 ounces or less than 1 can or bottle
12 to 16 ounces or 1 can or bottle
More than 16 ounces or more than 1 can or bottle

Question 8 appears in the next column

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

NEVER

How often did you drink soft drinks, soda,
or pop DURING THE REST OF THE YEAR?

1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

How often did you drink beer IN THE
SUMMER?
NEVER

How often did you drink soft drinks, soda,
or pop IN THE SUMMER?

1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

How often were these soft drinks, soda, or
pop caffeine-free?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Each time you drank meal replacement
beverages, how much did you usually drink?
Less than 1 cup (8 ounces)
1 to 1½ cups (8 to 12 ounces)
More than 1½ cups (12 ounces)

7a.

How often were these soft drinks, soda, or
pop diet or sugar-free?

3

Question 9 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
11b. How often did you eat oatmeal, grits, or
other cooked cereal DURING THE REST
OF THE YEAR?

Over the past 12 months…
9. How often did you drink wine or wine coolers?

9a.

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 10)

NEVER

1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

Each time you drank wine or wine coolers,
how much did you usually drink?

11c. Each time you ate oatmeal, grits, or other
cooked cereal, how much did you usually
eat?

Less than 5 ounces or less than 1 glass
5 to 12 ounces or 1 to 2 glasses
More than 12 ounces or more than 2 glasses

Less than ¾ cup
¾ to 1¼ cups
More than 1¼ cups

10. How often did you drink liquor or mixed drinks?

12. How often did you eat cold cereal?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 11)
1 time per month or less
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week

1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

10a. Each time you drank liquor or mixed drinks,
how much did you usually drink?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

Less than 1 cup
1 to 2½ cups
More than 2½ cups

11. Over the past 12 months, did you eat oatmeal,
grits, or other cooked cereal?

12b. How often was the cold cereal you ate Total,
Product 19, or Right Start?

NO (GO TO QUESTION 12)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

YES

11a. How often did you eat oatmeal, grits, or
other cooked cereal IN THE WINTER?

12c. How often was the cold cereal you ate All
Bran, Fiber One, 100% Bran, or Bran
Buds?

NEVER

Question 12 appears in the next column

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 13)

12a. Each time you ate cold cereal, how much
did you usually eat?

Less than 1 shot of liquor
1 to 3 shots of liquor
More than 3 shots of liquor

1–6 times per winter
7–11 times per winter
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

4

Question 13 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
13a. Each time you ate applesauce, how much
did you usually eat?

Over the past 12 months…
12d. How often was the cold cereal you ate some
other bran or fiber cereal (such as
Cheerios, Shredded Wheat, Raisin Bran,
Bran Flakes, Grape-Nuts, Granola,
Wheaties, or Healthy Choice)?

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

14. How often did you eat apples?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 15)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

12e. How often was the cold cereal you ate any
other type of cold cereal (such as Corn
Flakes, Rice Krispies, Frosted Flakes,
Special K, Froot Loops, Cap'n Crunch, or
others)?

14a. Each time you ate apples, how many did you
usually eat?
Less than 1 apple
1 apple
More than 1 apple

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

15. How often did you eat pears (fresh, canned, or
frozen)?

12f. Was milk added to your cold cereal?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 16)

NO (GO TO QUESTION 13)

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

YES

12g. What kind of milk was usually added?
Whole milk
2% fat milk
1% fat milk
Skim, nonfat, or ½% fat milk
Soy milk
Rice milk
Other

Less than 1 pear
1 pear
More than 1 pear

16. How often did you eat bananas?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 17)

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

13. How often did you eat applesauce?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 14)

Question 14 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

15a. Each time you ate pears, how many did you
usually eat?

12h. Each time milk was added to your cold
cereal, how much was usually added?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

5

Question 17 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
18c. Each time you ate peaches, nectarines, or
plums, how much did you usually eat?

Over the past 12 months…
16a. Each time you ate bananas, how many did
you usually eat?

Less than 1 fruit or less than ½ cup
1 to 2 fruits or ½ to ¾ cup
More than 2 fruits or more than ¾ cup

Less than 1 banana
1 banana
More than 1 banana

19. How often did you eat grapes?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 20)

17. How often did you eat dried fruit, such as prunes
or raisins (not including dried apricots)?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 18)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

19a. Each time you ate grapes, how much did
you usually eat?
Less than ½ cup or less than 10 grapes
½ to 1 cup or 10 to 30 grapes
More than 1 cup or more than 30 grapes

17a. Each time you ate dried fruit, how much did
you usually eat (not including dried apricots)?
Less than 2 tablespoons
2 to 5 tablespoons
More than 5 tablespoons

20. Over the past 12 months, did you eat
cantaloupe?
NO (GO TO QUESTION 21)

18. Over the past 12 months, did you eat peaches,
nectarines, or plums?

YES

NO (GO TO QUESTION 19)

20a. How often did you eat fresh cantaloupe
WHEN IN SEASON?

YES

NEVER

18a. How often did you eat fresh peaches,
nectarines, or plums WHEN IN SEASON?

1–6 times per season
7–11 times per season
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER
1–6 times per season
7–11 times per season
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

20b. How often did you eat fresh or frozen cantaloupe
DURING THE REST OF THE YEAR?
NEVER

18b. How often did you eat peaches, nectarines,
or plums (fresh, canned, or frozen) DURING
THE REST OF THE YEAR?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Question 19 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

6

Question 21 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
22. Over the past 12 months, did you eat
strawberries?

Over the past 12 months…
20c. Each time you ate cantaloupe, how much
did you usually eat?

NO (GO TO QUESTION 23)
YES

Less than ¼ melon or less than ½ cup
¼ melon or ½ to 1 cup
More than ¼ melon or more than 1 cup

22a. How often did you eat fresh strawberries
WHEN IN SEASON?

21. Over the past 12 months, did you eat melon,
other than cantaloupe (such as watermelon or
honeydew)?

NEVER
1–6 times per season
7–11 times per season
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NO (GO TO QUESTION 22)
YES

21a. How often did you eat fresh melon, other
than cantaloupe (such as watermelon or
honeydew) WHEN IN SEASON?

22b. How often did you eat fresh or frozen
strawberries DURING THE REST OF THE YEAR?

NEVER
1–6 times per season
7–11 times per season
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER
2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

21b. How often did you eat fresh or frozen
melon, other than cantaloupe (such as
watermelon or honeydew) DURING THE
REST OF THE YEAR?

Less than ¼ cup or less than 3 berries
¼ to ¾ cup or 3 to 8 berries
More than ¾ cup or more than 8 berries

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

23. Over the past 12 months, did you eat oranges,
tangerines, or tangelos?
NO (GO TO QUESTION 24)
YES

21c. Each time you ate melon other than
cantaloupe, how much did you usually eat?

23a. How often did you eat fresh oranges, tangerines,
or tangelos WHEN IN SEASON?

Less than ½ cup or 1 small wedge
½ to 2 cups or 1 medium wedge
More than 2 cups or 1 large wedge

NEVER
1–6 times per season
7–11 times per season
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Question 22 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

22c. Each time you ate strawberries, how much
did you usually eat?

NEVER
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

7

Question 24 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
25. How often did you eat other kinds of fruit?

Over the past 12 months…
23b. How often did you eat oranges, tangerines,
or tangelos (fresh or canned) DURING THE
REST OF THE YEAR?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 26)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

25a. Each time you ate other kinds of fruit, how
much did you usually eat?
Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ¾ cup
More than ¾ cup

23c. Each time you ate oranges, tangerines, or
tangelos, how many did you usually eat?

26. How often did you eat COOKED greens (such as
spinach, turnip, collard, mustard, chard, or kale)?

Less than 1 fruit
1 fruit
More than 1 fruit

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 27)

24. Over the past 12 months, did you eat grapefruit?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NO (GO TO QUESTION 25)
YES

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

NEVER
2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

27. How often did you eat RAW greens (such as
spinach, turnip, collard, mustard, chard, or kale)?
(We will ask about lettuce later.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 28)

24b. How often did you eat grapefruit (fresh or
canned) DURING THE REST OF THE YEAR?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

27a. Each time you ate RAW greens, how much
did you usually eat?
Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

24c. Each time you ate grapefruit, how much did
you usually eat?
Less than ½ grapefruit
½ grapefruit
More than ½ grapefruit

Question 25 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

26a. Each time you ate COOKED greens, how
much did you usually eat?

24a. How often did you eat fresh grapefruit
WHEN IN SEASON?

1–6 times per season
7–11 times per season
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

8

Question 28 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
31. How often did you eat string beans or green
beans (fresh, canned, or frozen)?

Over the past 12 months…
28. How often did you eat coleslaw?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 32)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 29)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

31a. Each time you ate string beans or green
beans, how much did you usually eat?

28a. Each time you ate coleslaw, how much did
you usually eat?

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ¾ cup
More than ¾ cup

32. How often did you eat peas (fresh, canned, or
frozen)?

29. How often did you eat sauerkraut or cabbage
(other than coleslaw)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 33)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 30)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ¾ cup
More than ¾ cup

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

33. Over the past 12 months, did you eat corn?

30. How often did you eat carrots (fresh, canned, or
frozen)?

NO (GO TO QUESTION 34)
YES

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 31)
2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

33a. How often did you eat fresh corn WHEN IN
SEASON?
NEVER
1–6 times per season
7–11 times per season
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

30a. Each time you ate carrots, how much did
you usually eat?
Less than ¼ cup or less than 2 baby carrots
¼ to ½ cup or 2 to 5 baby carrots
More than ½ cup or more than 5 baby carrots

Question 31 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

32a. Each time you ate peas, how much did you
usually eat?

29a. Each time you ate sauerkraut or cabbage,
how much did you usually eat?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

9

Question 34 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
36. How often did you eat mixed vegetables?

Over the past 12 months…
33b. How often did you eat corn (fresh, canned, or
frozen) DURING THE REST OF THE YEAR?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 37)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

36a. Each time you ate mixed vegetables, how
much did you usually eat?
Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

33c. Each time you ate corn, how much did you
usually eat?

37. How often did you eat onions?

Less than 1 ear or less than ½ cup
1 ear or ½ to 1 cup
More than 1 ear or more than 1 cup

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 38)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

34. Over the past 12 months, how often did you eat
broccoli (fresh or frozen)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 35)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than 1 slice or less than 1 tablespoon
1 slice or 1 to 4 tablespoons
More than 1 slice or more than 4 tablespoons

38. Now think about all the cooked vegetables you
ate in the past 12 months and how they were
prepared. How often were your vegetables
COOKED WITH some sort of fat, including oil
spray? (Please do not include potatoes.)

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

35. How often did you eat cauliflower or Brussels
sprouts (fresh or frozen)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 39)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 36)
2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

35a. Each time you ate cauliflower or Brussels
sprouts, how much did you usually eat?
Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ½ cup
More than ½ cup

Question 36 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

37a. Each time you ate onions, how much did
you usually eat?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

34a. Each time you ate broccoli, how much did
you usually eat?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

10

Question 39 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
40. Over the past 12 months, how often did you eat
sweet peppers (green, red, or yellow)?

Over the past 12 months…
38a. Which fats were usually added to your
vegetables DURING COOKING? (Please do
not include potatoes. Mark all that apply.)
Margarine
(including low-fat)
Butter (including
low-fat)
Lard, fatback, or
bacon fat
Olive oil

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 41)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Corn oil
Canola or rapeseed oil
Oil spray, such as Pam
or others
Other kinds of oils
None of the above

40a. Each time you ate sweet peppers, how
much did you usually eat?

39. Now, thinking again about all the cooked
vegetables you ate in the past 12 months, how
often was some sort of fat, sauce, or dressing
added AFTER COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?
(Please do not include potatoes.)

Less than ⅛ pepper
⅛ to ¼ pepper
More than ¼ pepper

41. Over the past 12 months, did you eat fresh
tomatoes (including those in salads)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 40)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week

NO (GO TO QUESTION 42)

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 times per day
3 or more times per day

YES

41a. How often did you eat fresh tomatoes
(including those in salads) WHEN IN
SEASON?

39a. Which fats, sauces, or dressings were
usually added AFTER COOKING OR AT
THE TABLE? (Please do not include
potatoes. Mark all that apply.)
Margarine
(including low-fat)
Butter (including
low-fat)
Lard, fatback, or
bacon fat

NEVER
1–6 times per season
7–11 times per season
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Salad dressing
Cheese sauce
White sauce
Other

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

41b. How often did you eat fresh tomatoes
(including those in salads) DURING THE
REST OF THE YEAR?

39b. If margarine, butter, lard, fatback, or bacon
fat was added to your cooked vegetables
AFTER COOKING OR AT THE TABLE, how
much did you usually add?

NEVER
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Did not usually add these
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

39c. If salad dressing, cheese sauce, or white
sauce was added to your cooked vegetables
AFTER COOKING OR AT THE TABLE, how
much did you usually add?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

41c. Each time you ate fresh tomatoes, how
much did you usually eat?
Less than ¼ tomato
¼ to ½ tomato
More than ½ tomato

Did not usually add these
Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 3 tablespoons
More than 3 tablespoons

Question 40 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

11

Question 42 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
45. How often did you eat French fries, home fries,
hash browned potatoes, or tater tots?

Over the past 12 months…
42. How often did you eat lettuce salads (with or
without other vegetables)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 46)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 43)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

45a. Each time you ate French fries, home fries,
hash browned potatoes, or tater tots how
much did you usually eat?

42a. Each time you ate lettuce salads, how much
did you usually eat?

Less than 10 fries or less than ½ cup
10 to 25 fries or ½ to 1 cup
More than 25 fries or more than 1 cup

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to 1¼ cups
More than 1¼ cups

46. How often did you eat potato salad?

43. How often did you eat salad dressing (including
low-fat) on salads?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 47)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 44)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

46a. Each time you ate potato salad, how much
did you usually eat?

43a. Each time you ate salad dressing on salads,
how much did you usually eat?

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Less than 2 tablespoons
2 to 4 tablespoons
More than 4 tablespoons

47. How often did you eat baked, boiled, or mashed
potatoes?

44. How often did you eat sweet potatoes or yams?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 48)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 45)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

47a. Each time you ate baked, boiled, or
mashed potatoes, how much did you
usually eat?

44a. Each time you ate sweet potatoes or yams,
how much did you usually eat?
1 small potato or less than ¼ cup
1 medium potato or ¼ to ¾ cup
1 large potato or more than ¾ cup

Question 45 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

1 small potato or less than ½ cup
1 medium potato or ½ to 1 cup
1 large potato or more than 1 cup

12

Question 48 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
47h. Each time cheese or cheese sauce was
added to your potatoes, how much was
usually added?

Over the past 12 months…
47b. How often was sour cream (including lowfat) added to your potatoes, EITHER IN
COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 3 tablespoons
More than 3 tablespoons

Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 47d)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

48. How often did you eat salsa?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 49)

47c. Each time sour cream was added to your
potatoes, how much was usually added?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 3 tablespoons
More than 3 tablespoons

48a. Each time you ate salsa, how much did you
usually eat?

47d. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your potatoes, EITHER IN
COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 5 tablespoons
More than 5 tablespoons

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

49. How often did you eat catsup?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 50)

47e. How often was butter (including low-fat)
added to your potatoes, EITHER IN
COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

49a. Each time you ate catsup, how much did you
usually eat?
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 6 teaspoons
More than 6 teaspoons

47f. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your potatoes, how much was usually
added?

50. How often did you eat stuffing, dressing, or
dumplings?

Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 51)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

47g. How often was cheese or cheese sauce
added to your potatoes, EITHER IN
COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?
Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 48)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 48 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

50a. Each time you ate stuffing, dressing, or
dumplings, how much did you usually eat?
Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

13

Question 51 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
53b. How often were the beans you ate refried
beans, beans prepared with any type of
fat, or with meat added?

Over the past 12 months…
51. How often did you eat chili?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 52)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

54. How often did you eat other kinds of
vegetables?

51a. Each time you ate chili, how much did you
usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 55)

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1¾ cups
More than 1¾ cups

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

52. How often did you eat Mexican foods (such as
tacos, tostados, burritos, tamales, fajitas,
enchiladas, quesadillas, and chimichangas)?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

54a. Each time you ate other kinds of
vegetables, how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 53)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ½ cup
More than ½ cup

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

55. How often did you eat rice or other cooked
grains (such as bulgur, cracked wheat, or
millet)?

52a. Each time you ate Mexican foods, how
much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 56)

Less than 1 taco, burrito, etc.
1 to 2 tacos, burritos, etc.
More than 2 tacos, burritos, etc.

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

53. How often did you eat cooked dried beans
(such as baked beans, pintos, kidney, blackeyed
peas, lima, lentils, soybeans, or refried beans)?
(Please don't include bean soups or chili.)

55a. Each time you ate rice or other cooked
grains, how much did you usually eat?
Less than ½ cup
½ to 1½ cups
More than 1½ cups

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 54)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

55b. How often was butter, margarine, or oil
added to your rice IN COOKING OR AT THE
TABLE?

53a. Each time you ate beans, how much did you
usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Question 54 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

14

Question 56 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
56f. Each time syrup was added to your
pancakes, waffles, or French toast, how
much was usually added?

Over the past 12 months…
56. How often did you eat pancakes, waffles, or
French toast?

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 4 tablespoons
More than 4 tablespoons

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 57)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

57. How often did you eat lasagna, stuffed shells,
stuffed manicotti, ravioli, or tortellini? (Please
do not include spaghetti or other pasta.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 58)

56a. Each time you ate pancakes, waffles, or
French toast, how much did you usually
eat?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than 1 medium piece
1 to 3 medium pieces
More than 3 medium pieces

57a. Each time you ate lasagna, stuffed shells,
stuffed manicotti, ravioli, or tortellini, how
much did you usually eat?

56b. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your pancakes, waffles, or French
toast AFTER COOKING OR AT THE
TABLE?

Less than 1 cup
1 to 2 cups
More than 2 cups

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

58. How often did you eat macaroni and cheese?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 59)

56c. How often was butter (including low-fat)
added to your pancakes, waffles, or French
toast AFTER COOKING OR AT THE
TABLE?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

58a. Each time you ate macaroni and cheese,
how much did you usually eat?
Less than 1 cup
1 to 1½ cups
More than 1½ cups

56d. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your pancakes, waffles, or French toast, how
much was usually added?

59. How often did you eat pasta salad or macaroni
salad?

Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 60)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

56e. How often was syrup added to your
pancakes, waffles, or French toast?
Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 57)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
Question 57 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

15

Question 57
60 appears in
onthe
thenext
nextcolumn
page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
61. How often did you eat bagels or English
muffins?

Over the past 12 months…
59a. Each time you ate pasta salad or macaroni
salad, how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO QUESTION 62)

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

60. Other than the pastas listed in Questions 57, 58,
and 59, how often did you eat pasta, spaghetti,
or other noodles?

61a. Each time you ate bagels or English
muffins, how many did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 61)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than 1 bagel or English muffin
1 bagel or English muffin
More than 1 bagel or English muffin

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

61b. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your bagels or English muffins?

60a. Each time you ate pasta, spaghetti, or
other noodles, how much did you usually
eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 cup
1 to 3 cups
More than 3 cups

61c. How often was butter (including low-fat)
added to your bagels or English muffins?

60b. How often did you eat your pasta, spaghetti,
or other noodles with tomato sauce or
spaghetti sauce made WITH meat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

61d. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your bagels or English muffins, how much
was usually added?

60c. How often did you eat your pasta, spaghetti,
or other noodles with tomato sauce or
spaghetti sauce made WITHOUT meat?

Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 2 teaspoons
More than 2 teaspoons

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

61e. How often was cream cheese (including lowfat) spread on your bagels or English
muffins?

60d. How often did you eat your pasta, spaghetti,
or other noodles with margarine, butter, oil,
or cream sauce?

Almost never or never (GO TO INTRODUCTION
TO QUESTION 62)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 61 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

16

Introduction to Question 62 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
62d. Each time mayonnaise or mayonnaise-type
dressing was added to your sandwich
breads or rolls, how much was usually
added?

Over the past 12 months…
61f. Each time cream cheese was added to your
bagels or English muffins, how much was
usually added?

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 2 tablespoons
More than 2 tablespoons

62e. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your sandwich bread or rolls?
The next questions ask about your intake of
breads other than bagels or English muffins. First,
we will ask about bread you ate as part of
sandwiches only. Then we will ask about all other
bread you ate.

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

62. How often did you eat breads or rolls AS PART
OF SANDWICHES (including burger and hot dog
rolls)?

62f. How often was butter (including low-fat)
added to your sandwich bread or rolls?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 63)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

62g. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your sandwich breads or rolls, how much
was usually added?

62a. Each time you ate breads or rolls AS PART
OF SANDWICHES, how many did you
usually eat?

Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 2 teaspoons
More than 2 teaspoons

1 slice or ½ roll
2 slices or 1 roll
More than 2 slices or more than 1 roll

63. How often did you eat breads or dinner rolls,
NOT AS PART OF SANDWICHES?

62b. How often were the breads or rolls that you
used for your sandwiches white bread
(including burger and hot dog rolls)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 64)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

63a. Each time you ate breads or dinner rolls,
NOT AS PART OF SANDWICHES, how
much did you usually eat?

62c. How often was mayonnaise or
mayonnaise-type dressing (including lowfat) added to your sandwich bread or rolls?

1 slice or 1 dinner roll
2 slices or 2 dinner rolls
More than 2 slices or 2 dinner rolls

Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 62e)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 62e appears in the next column
Question 63 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

17

Question 64 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
64. How often did you eat jam, jelly, or honey on
bagels, muffins, bread, rolls, or crackers?

Over the past 12 months…
63b. How often were the breads or rolls you ate
white bread?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 65)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

63c. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your breads or rolls?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

64a. Each time you ate jam, jelly, or honey, how
much did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

65. How often did you eat peanut butter or other
nut butter?

63d. How often was butter (including low-fat)
added to your breads or rolls?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 66)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

63e. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your breads or rolls, how much was usually
added?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

65a. Each time you ate peanut butter or other
nut butter, how much did you usually eat?

Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 2 teaspoons
More than 2 teaspoons

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 2 tablespoons
More than 2 tablespoons

63f. How often was cream cheese (including lowfat) added to your breads or rolls?

66. How often did you eat roast beef or steak IN
SANDWICHES?

Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 64)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 67)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

63g. Each time cream cheese was added to your
breads or rolls, how much was usually
added?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

66a. Each time you ate roast beef or steak IN
SANDWICHES, how much did you usually
eat?

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 2 tablespoons
More than 2 tablespoons

Less than 1 slice or less than 2 ounces
1 to 2 slices or 2 to 4 ounces
More than 2 slices or more than 4 ounces

Question 64 appears in the next column

18

Question 67 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
69. How often did you eat other cold cuts or
luncheon meats (such as bologna, salami,
corned beef, pastrami, or others, including lowfat)? (Please do not include ham, turkey, or
chicken cold cuts.)

Over the past 12 months…
67. How often did you eat turkey or chicken COLD
CUTS (such as loaf, luncheon meat, turkey ham,
turkey salami, or turkey pastrami)? (We will ask
about other turkey or chicken later.)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 70)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 68)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

69a. Each time you ate other cold cuts or
luncheon meats, how much did you usually
eat?

67a. Each time you ate turkey or chicken COLD
CUTS, how much did you usually eat?

Less than 1 slice
1 to 3 slices
More than 3 slices

Less than 1 slice
1 to 3 slices
More than 3 slices

69b. How often were the other cold cuts or
luncheon meats you ate light, low-fat, or fatfree cold cuts or luncheon meats? (Please
do not include ham, turkey, or chicken cold
cuts.)

68. How often did you eat luncheon or deli-style
ham? (We will ask about other ham later.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 69)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

70. How often did you eat canned tuna (including in
salads, sandwiches, or casseroles)?

68a. Each time you ate luncheon or deli-style
ham, how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 71)

Less than 1 slice
1 to 3 slices
More than 3 slices

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

68b. How often was the luncheon or deli-style
ham you ate light, low-fat, or fat-free?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

70a. Each time you ate canned tuna, how much
did you usually eat?
Less than ¼ cup or less than 2 ounces
¼ to ½ cup or 2 to 3 ounces
More than ½ cup or more than 3 ounces

70b. How often was the canned tuna you ate
water-packed tuna?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
Question 69 appears in the next column

19

Question 71 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
73. How often did you eat ground beef in mixtures
(such as meatballs, casseroles, chili, or
meatloaf)?

Over the past 12 months…
70c. How often was the canned tuna you ate
prepared with mayonnaise or other
dressing (including low-fat)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 74)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

71. How often did you eat GROUND chicken or
turkey? (We will ask about other chicken and
turkey later.)

73a. Each time you ate ground beef in mixtures,
how much did you usually eat?
Less than 3 ounces or less than ½ cup
3 to 8 ounces or ½ to 1 cup
More than 8 ounces or more than 1 cup

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 72)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

74. How often did you eat hot dogs or frankfurters?
(Please do not include sausages or vegetarian
hot dogs.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 75)

71a. Each time you ate GROUND chicken or
turkey, how much did you usually eat?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than 2 ounces or less than ½ cup
2 to 4 ounces or ½ to 1 cup
More than 4 ounces or more than 1 cup

74a. Each time you ate hot dogs or frankfurters,
how many did you usually eat?

72. How often did you eat beef hamburgers or
cheeseburgers?

Less than 1 hot dog
1 to 2 hot dogs
More than 2 hot dogs

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 73)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

74b. How often were the hot dogs or frankfurters
you ate light or low-fat hot dogs?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

72a. Each time you ate beef hamburgers or
cheeseburgers, how much did you usually
eat?
Less than 1 patty or less than 2 ounces
1 patty or 2 to 4 ounces
More than 1 patty or more than 4 ounces

72b. How often were the beef hamburgers or
cheeseburgers you ate made with lean
ground beef?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
Question 73 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

20

Question 75 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
77b. How often was the steak you ate lean steak?

Over the past 12 months…
75. How often did you eat beef mixtures such as
beef stew, beef pot pie, beef and noodles, or
beef and vegetables?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 76)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

78. How often did you eat pork or beef spareribs?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 79)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

75a. Each time you ate beef stew, beef pot pie,
beef and noodles, or beef and vegetables,
how much did you usually eat?

78a. Each time you ate pork or beef spareribs,
how much did you usually eat?

Less than 1 cup
1 to 2 cups
More than 2 cups

Less than 4 ribs
4 to 12 ribs
More than 12 ribs

76. How often did you eat roast beef or pot roast?
(Please do not include roast beef or pot roast in
sandwiches.)

79. How often did you eat roast turkey, turkey
cutlets, or turkey nuggets (including in
sandwiches)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 77)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 80)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

76a. Each time you ate roast beef or pot roast
(including in mixtures), how much did you
usually eat?

Less than 2 ounces
2 to 4 ounces
More than 4 ounces

77. How often did you eat steak (beef)? (Do not
include steak in sandwiches)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 78)

80. How often did you eat chicken as part of salads,
sandwiches, casseroles, stews, or other
mixtures?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 81)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

77a. Each time you ate steak (beef), how much
did you usually eat?
Less than 3 ounces
3 to 7 ounces
More than 7 ounces
Question 78 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

79a. Each time you ate roast turkey, turkey
cutlets, or turkey nuggets, how much did
you usually eat? (Please note: 4 to 8 turkey
nuggets = 3 ounces.)

Less than 2 ounces
2 to 5 ounces
More than 5 ounces

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

21

Question 81 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
82. How often did you eat baked ham or ham
steak?

Over the past 12 months…
80a. Each time you ate chicken as part of salads,
sandwiches, casseroles, stews, or other
mixtures, how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 83)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1½ cups
More than 1½ cups

81. How often did you eat baked, broiled, roasted,
stewed, or fried chicken (including nuggets)?
(Please do not include chicken in mixtures.)

82a. Each time you ate baked ham or ham steak,
how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 82)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than 1 ounce
1 to 3 ounces
More than 3 ounces

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

83. How often did you eat pork (including chops,
roasts, and in mixed dishes)? (Please do not
include ham, ham steak, or sausage.)

81a. Each time you ate baked, broiled, roasted,
stewed, or fried chicken (including
nuggets), how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 84)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than 2 drumsticks or wings, less than
1 breast or thigh, or less than 4 nuggets
2 drumsticks or wings, 1 breast or thigh, or 4 to
8 nuggets
More than 2 drumsticks or wings, more than
1 breast or thigh, or more than 8 nuggets

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

83a. Each time you ate pork, how much did you
usually eat?
Less than 2 ounces or less than 1 chop
2 to 5 ounces or 1 chop
More than 5 ounces or more than 1 chop

81b. How often was the chicken you ate fried
chicken (including deep fried) or chicken
nuggets?

84. How often did you eat gravy on meat, chicken,
potatoes, rice, etc.?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 85)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

81c. How often was the chicken you ate WHITE
meat?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

84a. Each time you ate gravy on meat, chicken,
potatoes, rice, etc., how much did you
usually eat?
Less than ⅛ cup
⅛ to ½ cup
More than ½ cup

81d. How often did you eat chicken WITH skin?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
Question 82 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

22

Question 85 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
87a. Each time you ate sausage, how much did
you usually eat?

Over the past 12 months…
85. How often did you eat liver (all kinds) or
liverwurst?

Less than 1 patty or 2 links
1 to 3 patties or 2 to 5 links
More than 3 patties or 5 links

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 86)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

87b. How often was the sausage you ate light,
low-fat, or lean sausage?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

85a. Each time you ate liver or liverwurst, how
much did you usually eat?

88. How often did you eat fish sticks or fried fish
(including fried seafood or shellfish)?

Less than 1 ounce
1 to 4 ounces
More than 4 ounces

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 89)

86. How often did you eat bacon (including low-fat)?
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 87)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

88a. Each time you ate fish sticks or fried fish,
how much did you usually eat?

86a. Each time you ate bacon, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than 2 ounces or less than 1 fillet
2 to 7 ounces or 1 fillet
More than 7 ounces or more than 1 fillet

Fewer than 2 slices
2 to 3 slices
More than 3 slices

89. How often did you eat fish or seafood that was
NOT FRIED (including shellfish)?

86b. How often was the bacon you ate light, lowfat, or lean bacon?

NEVER (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO QUESTION 90)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 88)

Question 88 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

89a. Each time you ate eat fish or seafood that
was NOT FRIED, how much did you usually
eat?

87. How often did you eat sausage (including lowfat)?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

Less than 2 ounces or less than 1 fillet
2 to 5 ounces or 1 fillet
More than 5 ounces or more than 1 fillet

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

23

Introduction to Question 90 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
92. Over the past 12 months, did you eat soups?

Over the past 12 months…

NO (GO TO QUESTION 93)

Now think about all the meat, poultry, and fish
you ate in the past 12 months and how they were
prepared.

YES

90. How often was oil, butter, margarine, or other
fat used to FRY, SAUTE, BASTE, OR
MARINATE any meat, poultry, or fish you ate?
(Please do not include deep frying.)

92a. How often did you eat soup DURING THE
WINTER?
NEVER

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 91)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

1–6 times per winter
7–11 times per winter
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

92b. How often did you eat soup DURING THE
REST OF THE YEAR?

90a. Which of the following fats were regularly
used to prepare your meat, poultry, or fish?
(Mark all that apply.)
Margarine (including
low-fat)
Butter (including
low-fat)
Lard, fatback, or
bacon fat
Olive oil

NEVER
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Corn oil
Canola or rapeseed oil
Oil spray, such as Pam
or others
Other kinds of oils
None of the above

Less than 1 cup
1 to 2 cups
More than 2 cups

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 92)
2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

92d. How often were the soups you ate bean
soups?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

91a. Each time you ate tofu, soy burgers, or soy
meat-substitutes, how much did you usually
eat?

92e. How often were the soups you ate cream
soups (including chowders)?

Less than ¼ cup or less than 2 ounces
¼ to ½ cup or 2 to 4 ounces
More than ½ cup or more than 4 ounces

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 92 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

92c. Each time you ate soup, how much did you
usually eat?

91. How often did you eat tofu, soy burgers, or soy
meat-substitutes?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

24

Question 93 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
94a. Each time you ate crackers, how many did
you usually eat?

Over the past 12 months…
92f. How often were the soups you ate tomato or
vegetable soups?

Fewer than 4 crackers
4 to 10 crackers
More than 10 crackers

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

95. How often did you eat corn bread or corn
muffins?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 96)

92g. How often were the soups you ate broth
soups (including chicken) with or without
noodles or rice?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

95a. Each time you ate corn bread or corn
muffins, how much did you usually eat?

93. How often did you eat pizza?

Less than 1 piece or muffin
1 to 2 pieces or muffins
More than 2 pieces or muffins

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 94)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

96. How often did you eat biscuits?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 97)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

93a. Each time you ate pizza, how much did you
usually eat?
Less than 1 slice or less than 1 mini pizza
1 to 3 slices or 1 mini pizza
More than 3 slices or more than 1 mini pizza

Fewer than 1 biscuit
1 to 2 biscuits
More than 2 biscuits

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

97. How often did you eat potato chips, tortilla
chips, or corn chips (including low-fat, fat-free,
or low-salt)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 98)

94. How often did you eat crackers?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 95)

Question 95 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

96a. Each time you ate biscuits, how many did
you usually eat?

93b. How often did you eat pizza with pepperoni,
sausage, or other meat?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

25

Question 98 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
99a. Each time you ate pretzels, how many did
you usually eat?

Over the past 12 months…
97a. Each time you ate potato chips, tortilla
chips, or corn chips, how much did you
usually eat?

Fewer than 5 average twists
5 to 20 average twists
More than 20 average twists

Fewer than 10 chips or less than 1 cup
10 to 25 chips or 1 to 2 cups
More than 25 chips or more than 2 cups

100. How often did you eat peanuts, walnuts,
seeds, or other nuts?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 101)

97b. How often were the chips you ate Wow
chips or other chips made with fat
substitute (Olean or Olestra)?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

100a. Each time you ate peanuts, walnuts, seeds,
or other nuts, how much did you usually eat?

97c. How often were the chips you ate other lowfat or fat-free chips?

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ½ cup
More than ½ cup

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

101. How often did you eat energy, high-protein, or
breakfast bars such as Power Bars, Balance,
Clif, or others?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 102)

98. How often did you eat popcorn (including lowfat)?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 99)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

Less than 1 bar
1 bar
More than 1 bar

Less than 2 cups, popped
2 to 5 cups, popped
More than 5 cups, popped

102. How often did you eat yogurt (NOT including
frozen yogurt)?

99. How often did you eat pretzels?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 103)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 100)

Question 100 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

101a. Each time you ate energy, high-protein, or
breakfast bars, how much did you usually
eat?

98a. Each time you ate popcorn, how much did
you usually eat?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

26

Question 103 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
104c. How often was the cheese you ate fat-free
cheese?

Over the past 12 months…
102a. Each time you ate yogurt, how much did
you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than ½ cup or less than 1 container
½ to 1 cup or 1 container
More than 1 cup or more than 1 container

103. How often did you eat cottage cheese
(including low-fat)?

105. How often did you eat frozen yogurt, sorbet, or
ices (including low-fat or fat-free)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 104)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 106)

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

103a. Each time you ate cottage cheese, how
much did you usually eat?

105a. Each time you ate frozen yogurt, sorbet, or
ices, how much did you usually eat?

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Less than ½ cup or less than 1 scoop
½ to 1 cup or 1 to 2 scoops
More than 1 cup or more than 2 scoops

104. How often did you eat cheese (including low-fat;
including on cheeseburgers or in sandwiches or
subs)?

106. How often did you eat ice cream, ice cream
bars, or sherbet (including low-fat or fat-free)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 105)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 107)

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

104a. Each time you ate cheese, how much did
you usually eat?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

106a. Each time you ate ice cream, ice cream
bars, or sherbet, how much did you usually
eat?

Less than ½ ounce or less than 1 slice
½ to 1½ ounces or 1 slice
More than 1½ ounces or more than 1 slice

Less than ½ cup or less than 1 scoop
½ to 1½ cups or 1 to 2 scoops
More than 1½ cups or more than 2 scoops

104b. How often was the cheese you ate light or
low-fat cheese?

106b. How often was the ice cream you ate light,
low-fat, or fat-free ice cream or sherbet?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 105 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

27

Question 107 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
109. How often did you eat doughnuts, sweet rolls,
Danish, or pop-tarts?

Over the past 12 months…
107. How often did you eat cake (including low-fat or
fat-free)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 110)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 108)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

109a. Each time you ate doughnuts, sweet rolls,
Danish, or pop-tarts, how much did you
usually eat?

107a. Each time you ate cake, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than 1 piece
1 to 2 pieces
More than 2 pieces

Less than 1 medium piece
1 medium piece
More than 1 medium piece

110. How often did you eat sweet muffins or
dessert breads (including low-fat or fat-free)?

107b. How often was the cake you ate light, lowfat, or fat-free cake?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 111)
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

108. How often did you eat cookies or brownies
(including low-fat or fat-free)?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

110a. Each time you ate sweet muffins or dessert
breads, how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 109)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Less than 1 medium piece
1 medium piece
More than 1 medium piece

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

110b. How often were the sweet muffins or
dessert breads you ate light, low-fat, or fatfree sweet muffins or dessert breads?

108a. Each time you ate cookies or brownies,
how much did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 2 cookies or 1 small brownie
2 to 4 cookies or 1 medium brownie
More than 4 cookies or 1 large brownie

111. How often did you eat fruit crisp, cobbler, or
strudel?

108b. How often were the cookies or brownies you
ate light, low-fat, or fat-free cookies or
brownies?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 112)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 109 appears in the next column

28

Question 112 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
112e. How often were the pies you ate pecan pie?

Over the past 12 months…
111a. Each time you ate fruit crisp, cobbler, or
strudel, how much did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

113. How often did you eat chocolate candy?

112. How often did you eat pie?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 114)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 113)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

113a. Each time you ate chocolate candy, how
much did you usually eat?

112a. Each time you ate pie, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than 1 average bar or less than 1 ounce
1 average bar or 1 to 2 ounces
More than 1 average bar or more than 2 ounces

Less than ⅛ of a pie
About ⅛ of a pie
More than ⅛ of a pie

114. How often did you eat other candy?

The next four questions ask about the kinds of
pie you ate. Please read all four questions
before answering.

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 115)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

112b. How often were the pies you ate fruit pie
(such as apple, blueberry, others)?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

114a. Each time you ate other candy, how much
did you usually eat?
Fewer than 2 pieces
2 to 9 pieces
More than 9 pieces

112c. How often were the pies you ate cream,
pudding, custard, or meringue pie?

115. How often did you eat eggs, egg whites, or egg
substitutes (NOT counting eggs in baked
goods and desserts)? (Please include eggs in
salads, quiche, and soufflés.)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 116)

112d. How often were the pies you ate pumpkin or
sweet potato pie?

1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 113 appears in the next column

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

29

Question 116 appears on the next page

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
116. How many cups of coffee, caffeinated or
decaffeinated, did you drink?

Over the past 12 months…
115a. Each time you ate eggs, how many did you
usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 117)
Less than 1 cup per
month
1–3 cups per month
1 cup per week
2–4 cups per week

1 egg
2 eggs
3 or more eggs

115b. How often were the eggs you ate egg
substitutes?

116a. How often was the coffee you drank
decaffeinated?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

115c. How often were the eggs you ate egg
whites only?

117. How many glasses of ICED tea, caffeinated or
decaffeinated, did you drink?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 118)
Less than 1 cup per
month
1–3 cups per month
1 cup per week
2–4 cups per week

115d. How often were the eggs you ate regular
whole eggs?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

5–6 cups per week
1 cup per day
2–3 cups per day
4–5 cups per day
6 or more cups per day

117a. How often was the iced tea you drank
decaffeinated or herbal tea?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

115e. How often were the eggs you ate cooked in
oil, butter, or margarine?

118. How many cups of HOT tea, caffeinated or
decaffeinated, did you drink?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 119)
Less than 1 cup per
month
1–3 cups per month
1 cup per week
2–4 cups per week

115f. How often were the eggs you ate part of
egg salad?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 116 appears in the next column

5–6 cups per week
1 cup per day
2–3 cups per day
4–5 cups per day
6 or more cups per day

5–6 cups per week
1 cup per day
2–3 cups per day
4–5 cups per day
6 or more cups per day

118a. How often was the hot tea you drank
decaffeinated or herbal tea?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

30

Question 119 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
121b. What kind of non-dairy creamer did you
usually use?

Over the past 12 months…
119. How often did you add sugar or honey to your
coffee or tea?

Regular powdered
Low-fat or fat-free powdered
Regular liquid
Low-fat or fat-free liquid

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 120)
Less than 1 time per
month
1–3 times per month
1 time per week
2–4 times per week

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

122. How often was cream or half and half added to
your coffee or tea?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 123)

119a. Each time sugar or honey was added to
your coffee or tea, how much was usually
added?

Less than 1 time per
month
1–3 times per month
1 time per week
2–4 times per week

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

122a. Each time cream or half and half was
added to your coffee or tea, how much was
usually added?

120. How often did you add artificial sweetener to
your coffee or tea?

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 2 tablespoons
More than 2 tablespoons

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 121)
Less than 1 time per
month
1–3 times per month
1 time per week
2–4 times per week

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

123. How often was milk added to your coffee or
tea?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 124)

120a. What kind of artificial sweetener did you
usually use?

Less than 1 time per
month
1–3 times per month
1 time per week
2–4 times per week

Equal or aspartame
Sweet N Low or saccharin

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 3 tablespoons
More than 3 tablespoons

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 122)
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

123b. What kind of milk was usually added to your
coffee or tea?
Whole milk
2% milk
1% milk
Skim, nonfat, or ½% milk
Evaporated or condensed (canned) milk
Soy milk
Rice milk
Other

121a. Each time non-dairy creamer was added to
your coffee or tea, how much was usually
used?
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

Question 122 appears in the next column

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

123a. Each time milk was added to your coffee or
tea, how much was usually added?

121. How often was non-dairy creamer added to
your coffee or tea?

Less than 1 time per
month
1–3 times per month
1 time per week
2–4 times per week

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per day

31

Question 124 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
125c. How often was the margarine you ate fatfree margarine?

Over the past 12 months…
124. How often was sugar or honey added to foods
you ate? (Please do not include sugar in coffee,
tea, other beverages, or baked goods.)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO
QUESTION 125)
1–6 times per year
7–11 times per year
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week

126. Over the past 12 months, did you eat butter?

2 times per week
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

NO (GO TO QUESTION 127)
YES

126a. How often was the butter you ate light or
low-fat butter?

124a. Each time sugar or honey was added to
foods you ate, how much was usually
added?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

The following questions are about the kinds of
margarine, mayonnaise, sour cream, cream
cheese, and salad dressing that you eat. If
possible, please check the labels of these foods
to help you answer.

127. Over the past 12 months, did you eat
mayonnaise or mayonnaise-type dressing?
NO (GO TO QUESTION 128)
YES

125. Over the past 12 months, did you eat
margarine?

127a. How often was the mayonnaise you ate
regular-fat mayonnaise?

NO (GO TO QUESTION 126)
YES

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

125a. How often was the margarine you ate
regular-fat margarine (stick or tub)?

127b. How often was the mayonnaise you ate light
or low-fat mayonnaise?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

125b. How often was the margarine you ate light
or low-fat margarine (stick or tub)?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 126 appears in the next column

32

Question 128 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
129b. How often was the cream cheese you ate
light, low-fat, or fat-free cream cheese?

Over the past 12 months…
127c. How often was the mayonnaise you ate fatfree mayonnaise?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

130. Over the past 12 months, did you eat salad
dressing?

128. Over the past 12 months, did you eat sour
cream?

NO (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO QUESTION 131)
YES

NO (GO TO QUESTION 129)
YES

130a. How often was the salad dressing you ate
regular-fat salad dressing (including oil
and vinegar dressing)?

128a. How often was the sour cream you ate
regular-fat sour cream?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

130b. How often was the salad dressing you ate
light or low-fat salad dressing?

128b. How often was the sour cream you ate light,
low-fat, or fat-free sour cream?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

130c. How often was the salad dressing you ate
fat-free salad dressing?

129. Over the past 12 months, did you eat cream
cheese?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NO (GO TO QUESTION 130)
YES

The following two questions ask you to
summarize your usual intake of vegetables and
fruits. Please do not include salads, potatoes, or
juices.

129a. How often was the cream cheese you ate
regular-fat cream cheese?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

131. Over the past 12 months, how many servings of
vegetables (not including salad or potatoes) did
you eat per week or per day?
Less than 1 per week
1–2 per week
3–4 per week
5–6 per week
1 per day

Question 130 appears in the next column

33

2 per day
3 per day
4 per day
5 or more per day

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
Over the past 12 months…

The next questions are about your use of fiber
supplements or vitamin pills.

132. Over the past 12 months, how many servings of
fruit (not including juices) did you eat per week
or per day?
Less than 1 per week
1–2 per week
3–4 per week
5–6 per week
1 per day

135. Over the past 12 months, did you take any of the
following types of fiber or fiber supplements
on a regular basis (more than once per week for
at least 6 of the last 12 months)?
(Mark all that apply.)

2 per day
3 per day
4 per day
5 or more per day

NO, didn't take any fiber supplements on a regular
basis (GO TO QUESTION 136)
YES, psyllium products (such as Metamucil,
Fiberall, Serutan, Perdiem, Correctol)
YES, methylcellulose/cellulose products (such as
Citrucel, Unifiber)
YES, Fibercon
YES, Bran (such as wheat bran, oat bran, or bran
wafers)

133. Over the past month, which of the following
foods did you eat AT LEAST THREE TIMES?
(Mark all that apply.)
Avocado, guacamole
Cheesecake
Chocolate, fudge, or
butterscotch toppings
or syrups
Chow mein noodles
Croissants
Dried apricots
Egg rolls
Granola bars
Hot peppers
Jello, gelatin
Milkshakes or
ice-cream sodas

Olives
Oysters
Pickles or pickled
vegetables or fruit
Plantains
Pork neckbones, hock,
head, feet
Pudding or custard
Veal, venison, lamb
Whipped cream, regular
Whipped cream,
substitute

136. Over the past 12 months, did you take any
multivitamins, such as One-a-Day-, Theragran-,
or Centrum-type multivitamins (as pills, liquids, or
packets)?
NO (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO QUESTION 138)
YES

NONE

137. How often did you take One-a-day-, Theragran-,
or Centrum-type multivitamins?

134. For ALL of the past 12 months, have you
followed any type of vegetarian diet?

Less than 1 day per month
1–3 days per month
1–3 days per week
4–6 days per week
Every day

NO (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO QUESTION 135)
YES

137a. Does your multivitamin usually contain
minerals (such as iron, zinc, etc.)?

134a. Which of the following foods did you
TOTALLY EXCLUDE from your diet?
(Mark all that apply.)

NO
YES
Don't know

Meat (beef, pork, lamb, etc.)
Poultry (chicken, turkey, duck)
Fish and seafood
Eggs
Dairy products (milk, cheese, etc.)

137b. For how many years have you taken
multivitamins?
Less than 1 year
1–4 years
5–9 years
10 or more years

Introduction to Question 135 appears in the next column

Introduction to Question 138 appears on the next page

34

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
139. How often did you take Vitamin A (NOT as part
of a multivitamin in Question 137)?

Over the past 12 months…
137c. Over the past 12 months, did you take any
vitamins, minerals, or other herbal
supplements other than your multivitamin?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 140)
Less than 1 day per month
1–3 days per month
1–3 days per week
4–6 days per week
Every day

NO

Thank you very much for completing this
questionnaire! Because we want to be able to
use all the information you have provided, we
would greatly appreciate it if you would please
take a moment to review each page making sure
that you:

139a. When you took Vitamin A, about how much
did you take in one day?
Less than 8,000 IU
8,000–9,999 IU
10,000–14,999 IU
15,000–24,999 IU
25,000 IU or more
Don't know

• Did not skip any pages and
• Crossed out the incorrect answer and circled
the correct answer if you made any changes.

139b. For how many years have you taken
Vitamin A?

YES (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO
QUESTION 138)

Less than 1 year
1–4 years
5–9 years
10 or more years

These last questions are about the vitamins,
minerals, or herbal supplements you took that are
NOT part of a One-a-day-, Theragran-, or
Centrum-type of multivitamin.

140. How often did you take Vitamin C (NOT as part
of a multivitamin in Question 137)?

Please include vitamins taken as part of an
antioxidant supplement.

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 141)

138. How often did you take Beta-carotene (NOT as
part of a multivitamin in Question 137)?

Less than 1 day per month
1–3 days per month
1–3 days per week
4–6 days per week
Every day

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 139)
Less than 1 day per month
1–3 days per month
1–3 days per week
4–6 days per week
Every day

140a. When you took Vitamin C, about how much
did you take in one day?
Less than 500 mg
500–999 mg
1,000–1,499 mg
1,500–1,999 mg
2,000 mg or more
Don't know

138a. When you took Beta-carotene, about how
much did you take in one day?
Less than 10,000 IU
10,000–14,999 IU
15,000–19,999 IU
20,000–24,999 IU
25,000 IU or more
Don't know

140b. For how many years have you taken
Vitamin C?
Less than 1 year
1–4 years
5–9 years
10 or more years

138b. For how many years have you taken Betacarotene?
Less than 1 year
1–4 years
5–9 years
10 or more years
Question 139 appears in the next column

35

Question 141 appears on the next page

This is a sample form. Do not use for scanning.
142b. For how many years have you taken
Calcium or Calcium-containing antacids?

Over the past 12 months…
141. How often did you take Vitamin E (NOT as part
of a multivitamin in Question 137)?

Less than 1 year
1–4 years
5–9 years
10 or more years

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 142)
Less than 1 day per month
1–3 days per month
1–3 days per week
4–6 days per week
Every day

The last two questions ask you about other
supplements you took more than once per week.
143. Please mark any of the following single
supplements you took more than once per
week (NOT as part of a multivitamin in Question
137):

141a. When you took Vitamin E, about how much
did you take in one day?
Less than 400 IU
400–799 IU
800–999 IU
1,000 IU or more
Don't know

B-6
B-complex
Brewer's yeast
Cod liver oil
Coenzyme Q
Fish oil
(Omega-3 fatty acids)

141b. For how many years have you taken
Vitamin E?

144. Please mark any of the following herbal or
botanical supplements you took more than
once per week.

Less than 1 year
1–4 years
5–9 years
10 or more years

Aloe Vera
Astragalus
Bilberry
Cascara sagrada
Cat's claw
Cayenne
Cranberry
Dong Kuai (Tangkwei)
Echinacea
Evening primrose oil
Feverfew
Garlic

142. How often did you take Calcium or Calciumcontaining antacids (NOT as part of a
multivitamin in Question 137)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 143)
Less than 1 day per month
1–3 days per month
1–3 days per week
4–6 days per week
Every day

142a. When you took Calcium or Calciumcontaining antacids, about how much
elemental calcium did you take in one day?
(If possible, please check the label for
elemental calcium.)

Ginger
Ginkgo biloba
Ginseng (American or
Asian)
Goldenseal
Grapeseed extract
Kava, kava
Milk thistle
Saw palmetto
Siberian ginseng
St. John's wort
Valerian
Other

Thank you very much for completing this
questionnaire! Because we want to be able to use
all the information you have provided, we would
greatly appreciate it if you would please take a
moment to review each page making sure that you:

Less than 500 mg
500–599 mg
600–999 mg
1,000 mg or more
Don't know

Question 143 appears in the next column

Folic acid/folate
Glucosamine
Hydroxytryptophan (HTP)
Iron
Niacin
Selenium
Zinc

•
•

36

Did not skip any pages and
Crossed out the incorrect answer and circled the
correct answer if you made any changes.